Humans and other vertebrates are safeguarded from invading pathogenic microbes by the immune system.Black seed,scientifically known as Nigella sativa,has garnered attention for its potential immunomodulatory effects i...Humans and other vertebrates are safeguarded from invading pathogenic microbes by the immune system.Black seed,scientifically known as Nigella sativa,has garnered attention for its potential immunomodulatory effects in both clinical and preclinical studies.This comprehensive review aims to consolidate and analyze the existing body of evidence surrounding the immunological impact of black seeds.In this review,we analyze the immunomodulatory potentials of black seeds(N.sativa).For the purpose of finding pertinent publications,the literatures was searched in web-based databases,including Web of Science,Medline/PMC/PubMed,Embase,EBSCO,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and reference lists.Several clinical,in vivo,and in vitro studies have demonstrated that supplementation with black seeds(N.sativa)has potential immunomodulatory activity.Black seeds(N.sativa)may influence immune responses through a variety of mechanisms.By synthesizing and critically assessing the current state of knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds,this review aims to provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic uses and future research directions for harnessing the immunological benefits of this natural remedy.展开更多
The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 mon...The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old are the most common recipients of CHPV infection,which is primarily spread by sand flies(Sergentomyia,Phlebotomus species).The potential advantages of black seeds(N.sativa)in the treatment of patients with CHPV infection are the main topic of our current review.The majority of patients infected with CHPV experience neurological complications such as encephalitis and other neurological complications.Since there is currently no approved antiviral treatment,supportive care and symptomatic therapy are the primary methods used to manage CHPV-infected patients.Herbal candidates possessing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory qualities may aid in the treatment of CHPV infection.The antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory qualities of black seeds(N.sativa)have been shown in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations;these attributes could be helpful in the treatment of CHPV infection.Black seeds(N.sativa)may help treat CHPV-infected patients in the early stages of their illness when used in conjunction with symptomatic therapy and supportive care.In patients infected with CHPV,additional randomized controlled clinical trials would assess the efficacy and safety of black seeds(N.sativa).展开更多
Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great impor...Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great importance in rice breeding.In this study,a rice protein disulfide isomerase-like enzyme PDIL2-3 was characterized.Expression analysis revealed that PDIL2-3 was highly expressed in endosperm and spikelet hulls.The PDIL2-3-cri lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited a chalky grain phenotype with altered storage substance accumulation and increased grain size and weight,whereas exactly opposite results were obtained for PDIL2-3 overexpression lines.Cytological experiments revealed that PDIL2-3-cri increased rice seed length mainly by increasing the cell number and rice seed width mainly by increasing the cell size in grains,implying that PDIL2-3 regulates the grain size by influencing both cell division and expansion of spikelet hulls.Further flow cytometric analysis validated that PDIL2-3 has a negative effect on cell proliferation,preventing DNA duplication and cell division in spikelet hulls.Moreover,q RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of genes related to cell cycle and storage substance synthesis were significantly changed in PDIL2-3-cri transgenic lines.Thus,our results indicated that PDIL2-3 plays a pivotal role in influencing grain size and quality of rice by affecting cell division/expansion and storage substance accumulation,providing new insights into the function of PDIL family members in rice and enriching the genetic resources for rice breeding.展开更多
Nigella sativa L.seeds have been traditionally utilized in Chinese folk medicine for centuries to treat vitiligo.This study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L.(HZC)enhances melanogenesis and mitig...Nigella sativa L.seeds have been traditionally utilized in Chinese folk medicine for centuries to treat vitiligo.This study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L.(HZC)enhances melanogenesis and mitigates oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and dysfunction in melanocytes.In accordance with established protocols,the ethanol fraction from Nigella sativa L.seeds was extracted,concentrated,and lyophilized to evaluate its herbal effects via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assays,tyrosinase activity evaluation,measurement of cellular melanin contents,scratch assays,senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western blot analysis for expression profiling of experimentally relevant proteins.The results indicated that HZC significantly enhanced tyrosinase activity and melanin content while notably increasing the protein expression levels of Tyr,Mitf,and gp100 in B16F10 cells.Furthermore,HZC effectively mitigated oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence,improved melanocyte condition,and rectified various functional impairments associated with melanocyte dysfunction.These findings suggest that HZC increases melanin synthesis in melanocytes through the activation of the MAPK,PKA,and Wnt signaling pathways.In addition,HZC attenuates oxidative damage induced by H2O2 therapy by activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element(Nrf2-ARE)pathway and enhancing the activity of downstream antioxidant enzymes,thus preventing premature senescence and dysfunction in melanocytes.展开更多
In this study,we searched for dispersed repeats(DRs)in the rice(Oryza sativa)genome using the iterative procedure(IP)method.The results revealed that the O.sativa genome contained 79 DR families,comprising 992739 DNA ...In this study,we searched for dispersed repeats(DRs)in the rice(Oryza sativa)genome using the iterative procedure(IP)method.The results revealed that the O.sativa genome contained 79 DR families,comprising 992739 DNA repeats,of which 496762 and 495977 were identified on the forward and reverse DNA strands,respectively.The detected DRs were,on average,374 bp in length and occupied 66.4%of the O.sativa genome.Totally 61%of DRs,identified by the IP method,overlapped with previously annotated dispersed repeats(ADRs)detected using the Extensive De Novo TE Annotator(EDTA)pipeline.展开更多
Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to st...Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructures related to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate the effects of different water regimes on grain filling. Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under two irrigation regimes of well-watered(WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soil drying(AWMD). Compared with the WW treatment,the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase), starch synthase(StSase) and starch branching enzyme(SBE), and the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs) in the stems before heading were significantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems in the AWMD treatment. After heading, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction(SSs)were increased in the stems to promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD. During grain filling, the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction(SSc), AGPase, StSase and SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling, especially for the inferior spikelets under AWMD.However, there were no significant differences in vascular microstructures. The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%, respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime. We concluded that the low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling, as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount of NSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate of NSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferior spikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism.展开更多
Zeolite imidazole frameworks(ZIFs),a class of the metal organic framework,have been extensively studied in environmental applications.However,their environmental fate and potential ecological impact on plants remain u...Zeolite imidazole frameworks(ZIFs),a class of the metal organic framework,have been extensively studied in environmental applications.However,their environmental fate and potential ecological impact on plants remain unknown.Here,we investigated the phytotoxicity,transformation,and bioaccumulation processes of two typical ZIFs(ZIF-8 and ZIF-67)in rice(Oryza sativa L.)under hydroponic conditions.ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 in the concentration of 50 mg/L decreased root and shoot dry weight maximally by 55.2%and 27.5%,53.5%and 37.5%,respectively.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)imaging combined with X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns revealed that ZIFs on the root surface gradually collapsed and transformed into nanosheets with increasing cultivation time.The fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)labeled ZIFs were applied to trace the uptake and translocation of ZIFs in rice.The results demonstrated that the transformed ZIFs were mainly distributed in the intercellular spaces of rice root,while they cannot be transported to culms and leaves.Even so,the Co and Zn contents of rice roots and shoots in the ZIFs treated groups were increased by 1145%and 1259%,145%and 259%,respectively,compared with the control groups.These findings suggested that the phytotoxicity of ZIFs are primarily attributed to the transformed ZIFs and to a less extent,the metal ions and their ligands,and they were internalized by rice root and increased the Co and Zn contents of shoots.This study reported the transformation of ZIFs and their biological effectiveness in rice,highlighting the potential environmental hazards and risks of ZIFs to crop plants.展开更多
Tillering is an important agronomic trait of rice(Oryza sativa)that affects the number of effective panicles,thereby affecting yields.The phytohormone auxin plays a key role in tillering.Here we identified the high ti...Tillering is an important agronomic trait of rice(Oryza sativa)that affects the number of effective panicles,thereby affecting yields.The phytohormone auxin plays a key role in tillering.Here we identified the high tillering and semi-dwarf 1(htsd1)mutant with auxin-deficiency root characteristics,such as shortened lateral roots,reduced lateral root density,and enlarged root angles.htsd1 showed reduced sensitivity to auxin,but the external application of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)inhibited its tillering.We identified the mutated gene in htsd1 as AUXIN1(OsAUX1,LOC_Os01g63770),which encodes an auxin influx transporter.The promoter sequence of OsAUX1 contains many SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL)binding sites,and we demonstrated that SPL7 binds to the OsAUX1 promoter.TEOSINTE BRANCHED1(OsTB1),a key gene that negatively regulates tillering,was significantly downregulated in htsd1.Tillering was enhanced in the OsTB1 knockout mutant,and the external application of IAA inhibited tiller elongation in this mutant.Overexpressing OsTB1 restored the multi-tiller phenotype of htsd1.These results suggest that SPL7 directly binds to the OsAUX1 promoter and regulates tillering in rice by altering OsTB1 expression to modulate auxin signaling.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the most important cereal crops in the world.Bakanae disease is a significant rice disease widely distributed in rice-growing regions worldwide.Therefore,the present investigation aimed ...Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the most important cereal crops in the world.Bakanae disease is a significant rice disease widely distributed in rice-growing regions worldwide.Therefore,the present investigation aimed to assess the optimal concentrations of paclobutrazol(PBZ)as a treatment for rice grains(cv.Sakha 108)to control bakanae disease,also evaluating its impact on grain germination,seedling growth parameters as well as disease index.Paclobutrazol concentrations had no significant impact on seed germination,regardless of whether the seeds were incubated with Fusarium fujikuroi or not.Application of PBZ,either alone or in combination with fungal pathogens,negatively impacted the rice seedlings’height.Paclobutrazol at 25,50 and 100 mg/L,combined with the fungal pathogen positively impacted root length.Paclobutrazol at 3 and 6 mg/L mitigated the adverse impact on chlorophyll pigments content in infected seedlings.The highest proline contents were achieved by 100 mg/L PBZ alone or in combination with fungal pathogens.It has been observed that the application of PBZ,either alone or in combination with a fungal pathogen,leads to the enhancement of catalase,peroxidase,and polyphenol oxidase activities.The median lethal concentration of PBZ was 0.874 mg/L;applying low concentrations of paclobutrazol effectively increased the percentage of fungal growth suppression.Application of PBZ,at higher concentrations(50 and 100 mg/L),decreased infection percentage and disease severity index(DSI)significantly.These findings suggest that PBZ can be an effective treatment for controlling bakanae disease and enhancing resistance in rice plants.展开更多
Enhancing the growth of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)through inoculation with rhizobacteria represents a sustainable strategy for reclaiming saline soils.However,the lack of suitable strains and practical application gu...Enhancing the growth of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)through inoculation with rhizobacteria represents a sustainable strategy for reclaiming saline soils.However,the lack of suitable strains and practical application guidelines poses significant challenges to the utilization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria(PGPR)in saltaffected soils of Northwest China.In this study,we selected four PGPR strains derived from indigenous halophytes based on their growth-promoting characteristics.These strains underwent further selection via a petri dish assay.Subsequently,the effects of the selected PGPR strains on alfalfa growth and soil fertility were rigorously examined through pot trials.The results demonstrated that Bacillus filamentosus HL3,B.filamentosus HL6,Bacillus subtilis subsp.stercoris HG12,and Paenibacillus peoriae HG24 significantly produced indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),solubilized phosphorus,and fixed nitrogen(except for B.filamentosus HL6,which did not significantly fix nitrogen).Compared to non-inoculated plants,B.filamentosus HL6 and B.subtilis subsp.stercoris HG12 significantly enhanced seed germination,root elongation,and seedling biomass in a 150 mmol/L NaCl saline solution.In saline-alkaline soils,PGPR inoculation under brackish water irrigation did not restore alfalfa growth to the levels observed under freshwater irrigation.Principal Component Analysis(PCA)condensed ten indicators into two indices,explaining 86.85%of the variance.Using these two indices as weights,an evaluation model for the PGPR-alfalfa symbiosis indicated that B.subtilis subsp.stercoris HG12 had the most substantial effect under freshwater irrigation,while co-inoculation with B.subtilis subsp.stercoris HG12 and B.filamentosus HL6 had the most significant impact on alfalfa growth and soil improvement under brackish water irrigation.Available phosphorus was identified as the primary factor influencing alfalfa growth,contributing 82.3%to the growth variation.These findings provide suitable microbial strains for the utilization of saline-alkali land and underscore the potential of applying indigenous PGPR-alfalfa symbiotic techniques to improve soil fertility and crop yield in the arid regions of Northwest China.展开更多
Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica and indica exhibit different sensitivity to photoinhibition and they show different stability of their core proteins D1 in the chloroplast photosystem Ⅱ. Using in situ hybridization, psb...Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica and indica exhibit different sensitivity to photoinhibition and they show different stability of their core proteins D1 in the chloroplast photosystem Ⅱ. Using in situ hybridization, psbA, the gene encoding D1 protein of O. sativa ssp. japonica cv. 9516, and that of O. sativa ssp. indica cv. Shanyou 63 was cloned. As revealed by homology comparison of their sequences, the sequences are identical in the regions of promoter and 5′-UTR; differences are found in individual bases in the coding region all of which, being in the third position of respective codons, however, do not affect the amino acids coded finally; a difference is noted in the length of the oligo-U sequence in the region of 3′-UTR. It is thus apparent that, rather than a result of any difference in the amino acid sequences, the differences in the sensitivity to photoinhibition of D1 proteins between japonica and indica rice may be related to the upstream factors that regulate expression of psbA or to differences of photoprotective mechanisms.展开更多
[ Objective ] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [ Method ] In the process of screening and identification of Bar-transgenic rice, a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines o...[ Objective ] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [ Method ] In the process of screening and identification of Bar-transgenic rice, a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines of T1 progenies. The mutant was investigated for genetic analysis and agronomic traits by herbicide spraying and PCR amplification. [ Result] The segregation ratio is consistent with mendelian law（3：1）. The mutant assumed not only higher plant height, wider straw and earlier florescence, but also more tillers, bigger spikes and resultantly higher biomass. PCR detections indicated that no co-segregation was observed between mutant traits and target gene（Bar） in the T-DNA inserted, proving that the mutant is not caused by the insertion of T-DNA containing target gene （Bar）. [ Conclusion] Our study may avail to understand the cloning of mutant gene and the mechanism of the mutant gene on biomass.展开更多
基于开放式臭氧浓度升高O_3-FACE(Free-Air Concentration Elevation of O_3)实验平台,利用前期水稻O_3-FACE试验的基础数据,通过建立水稻产量与不同评价指标(累积气孔O_3吸收通量PODY和O_3浓度指标AOTX)的响应关系,比较了水稻产量损失...基于开放式臭氧浓度升高O_3-FACE(Free-Air Concentration Elevation of O_3)实验平台,利用前期水稻O_3-FACE试验的基础数据,通过建立水稻产量与不同评价指标(累积气孔O_3吸收通量PODY和O_3浓度指标AOTX)的响应关系,比较了水稻产量损失与各评价指标的相关性差异,通过对暴露剂量、吸收通量相关参数取值与产量损失的观察和分析结果的比较,找出更为合理的农作物臭氧风险评估阈值。结果表明:随着通量阈值Y[0~11 nmol O_3·m^(-2)PLA·s^(-1)(PLA:projected leaf area,投影叶面积)]和暴露浓度阈值X(0~50 n L·L^(-1))的增加,回归分析R^2值逐渐增加,当Y为11 nmol O_3m^(-2)PLA·s^(-1)和X为50 n L·L^(-1)时,气孔臭氧吸收通量POD11和累积暴露剂量AOT50与水稻相对产量的相关性最大,当通量阈值Y为8~13 nmol O_3·m^(-2)PLA·s^(-1)和暴露阈值X为46~58 n L·L^(-1)时,可获得较高的R^2值取值范围,分别为0.70~0.75和0.70~0.745。参考文献发现,目前地表臭氧污染可能引起的水稻产量损失范围为5%~8%,对照圈中POD9~10和AOT40~45产量损失的预测值亦在这区间,但前者R^2值(0.73~0.74)明显高于后者R^2值(0.64~0.69),表明基于气孔臭氧通量的评价指标能更好地反映水稻产量的变化。通过进一步分析发现,当通量阈值Y为9 nmol O_3·m^(-2)PLA·s^(-1)时,能更准确地评估水稻产量损失,且其R^2值(0.73)高于通量指标POD6(0.57)。以上研究结果表明,通量指标POD9更适合评估亚热带地区O_3污染对水稻作物的影响。展开更多
文摘Humans and other vertebrates are safeguarded from invading pathogenic microbes by the immune system.Black seed,scientifically known as Nigella sativa,has garnered attention for its potential immunomodulatory effects in both clinical and preclinical studies.This comprehensive review aims to consolidate and analyze the existing body of evidence surrounding the immunological impact of black seeds.In this review,we analyze the immunomodulatory potentials of black seeds(N.sativa).For the purpose of finding pertinent publications,the literatures was searched in web-based databases,including Web of Science,Medline/PMC/PubMed,Embase,EBSCO,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and reference lists.Several clinical,in vivo,and in vitro studies have demonstrated that supplementation with black seeds(N.sativa)has potential immunomodulatory activity.Black seeds(N.sativa)may influence immune responses through a variety of mechanisms.By synthesizing and critically assessing the current state of knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds,this review aims to provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic uses and future research directions for harnessing the immunological benefits of this natural remedy.
文摘The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old are the most common recipients of CHPV infection,which is primarily spread by sand flies(Sergentomyia,Phlebotomus species).The potential advantages of black seeds(N.sativa)in the treatment of patients with CHPV infection are the main topic of our current review.The majority of patients infected with CHPV experience neurological complications such as encephalitis and other neurological complications.Since there is currently no approved antiviral treatment,supportive care and symptomatic therapy are the primary methods used to manage CHPV-infected patients.Herbal candidates possessing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory qualities may aid in the treatment of CHPV infection.The antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory qualities of black seeds(N.sativa)have been shown in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations;these attributes could be helpful in the treatment of CHPV infection.Black seeds(N.sativa)may help treat CHPV-infected patients in the early stages of their illness when used in conjunction with symptomatic therapy and supportive care.In patients infected with CHPV,additional randomized controlled clinical trials would assess the efficacy and safety of black seeds(N.sativa).
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472141,32101746,and 32102231)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(JCZRLH202500540,2021CFB033,and 2022CFB393)。
文摘Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great importance in rice breeding.In this study,a rice protein disulfide isomerase-like enzyme PDIL2-3 was characterized.Expression analysis revealed that PDIL2-3 was highly expressed in endosperm and spikelet hulls.The PDIL2-3-cri lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited a chalky grain phenotype with altered storage substance accumulation and increased grain size and weight,whereas exactly opposite results were obtained for PDIL2-3 overexpression lines.Cytological experiments revealed that PDIL2-3-cri increased rice seed length mainly by increasing the cell number and rice seed width mainly by increasing the cell size in grains,implying that PDIL2-3 regulates the grain size by influencing both cell division and expansion of spikelet hulls.Further flow cytometric analysis validated that PDIL2-3 has a negative effect on cell proliferation,preventing DNA duplication and cell division in spikelet hulls.Moreover,q RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of genes related to cell cycle and storage substance synthesis were significantly changed in PDIL2-3-cri transgenic lines.Thus,our results indicated that PDIL2-3 plays a pivotal role in influencing grain size and quality of rice by affecting cell division/expansion and storage substance accumulation,providing new insights into the function of PDIL family members in rice and enriching the genetic resources for rice breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81973410 and 82473537)the Independent Research Fund of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory (Nos.2022YKZY002 and 2022YKZY004)。
文摘Nigella sativa L.seeds have been traditionally utilized in Chinese folk medicine for centuries to treat vitiligo.This study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L.(HZC)enhances melanogenesis and mitigates oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and dysfunction in melanocytes.In accordance with established protocols,the ethanol fraction from Nigella sativa L.seeds was extracted,concentrated,and lyophilized to evaluate its herbal effects via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assays,tyrosinase activity evaluation,measurement of cellular melanin contents,scratch assays,senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western blot analysis for expression profiling of experimentally relevant proteins.The results indicated that HZC significantly enhanced tyrosinase activity and melanin content while notably increasing the protein expression levels of Tyr,Mitf,and gp100 in B16F10 cells.Furthermore,HZC effectively mitigated oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence,improved melanocyte condition,and rectified various functional impairments associated with melanocyte dysfunction.These findings suggest that HZC increases melanin synthesis in melanocytes through the activation of the MAPK,PKA,and Wnt signaling pathways.In addition,HZC attenuates oxidative damage induced by H2O2 therapy by activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element(Nrf2-ARE)pathway and enhancing the activity of downstream antioxidant enzymes,thus preventing premature senescence and dysfunction in melanocytes.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation,Russia(Grant No.24-24-00031).
文摘In this study,we searched for dispersed repeats(DRs)in the rice(Oryza sativa)genome using the iterative procedure(IP)method.The results revealed that the O.sativa genome contained 79 DR families,comprising 992739 DNA repeats,of which 496762 and 495977 were identified on the forward and reverse DNA strands,respectively.The detected DRs were,on average,374 bp in length and occupied 66.4%of the O.sativa genome.Totally 61%of DRs,identified by the IP method,overlapped with previously annotated dispersed repeats(ADRs)detected using the Extensive De Novo TE Annotator(EDTA)pipeline.
基金This project was finically supported by the R&D Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2022425)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300304)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher-Education Institutions,China(PAPD).
文摘Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructures related to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate the effects of different water regimes on grain filling. Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under two irrigation regimes of well-watered(WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soil drying(AWMD). Compared with the WW treatment,the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase), starch synthase(StSase) and starch branching enzyme(SBE), and the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs) in the stems before heading were significantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems in the AWMD treatment. After heading, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction(SSs)were increased in the stems to promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD. During grain filling, the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction(SSc), AGPase, StSase and SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling, especially for the inferior spikelets under AWMD.However, there were no significant differences in vascular microstructures. The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%, respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime. We concluded that the low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling, as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount of NSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate of NSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferior spikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30800705 and 31101599)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(Nos.LY15C150004 and LY18C150007)the Key Research and Devel opment Projects of Social Development of Jinhua Science and Technology Program(No.2021C22750).
文摘Zeolite imidazole frameworks(ZIFs),a class of the metal organic framework,have been extensively studied in environmental applications.However,their environmental fate and potential ecological impact on plants remain unknown.Here,we investigated the phytotoxicity,transformation,and bioaccumulation processes of two typical ZIFs(ZIF-8 and ZIF-67)in rice(Oryza sativa L.)under hydroponic conditions.ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 in the concentration of 50 mg/L decreased root and shoot dry weight maximally by 55.2%and 27.5%,53.5%and 37.5%,respectively.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)imaging combined with X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns revealed that ZIFs on the root surface gradually collapsed and transformed into nanosheets with increasing cultivation time.The fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)labeled ZIFs were applied to trace the uptake and translocation of ZIFs in rice.The results demonstrated that the transformed ZIFs were mainly distributed in the intercellular spaces of rice root,while they cannot be transported to culms and leaves.Even so,the Co and Zn contents of rice roots and shoots in the ZIFs treated groups were increased by 1145%and 1259%,145%and 259%,respectively,compared with the control groups.These findings suggested that the phytotoxicity of ZIFs are primarily attributed to the transformed ZIFs and to a less extent,the metal ions and their ligands,and they were internalized by rice root and increased the Co and Zn contents of shoots.This study reported the transformation of ZIFs and their biological effectiveness in rice,highlighting the potential environmental hazards and risks of ZIFs to crop plants.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171964)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyj-cxttX0004)。
文摘Tillering is an important agronomic trait of rice(Oryza sativa)that affects the number of effective panicles,thereby affecting yields.The phytohormone auxin plays a key role in tillering.Here we identified the high tillering and semi-dwarf 1(htsd1)mutant with auxin-deficiency root characteristics,such as shortened lateral roots,reduced lateral root density,and enlarged root angles.htsd1 showed reduced sensitivity to auxin,but the external application of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)inhibited its tillering.We identified the mutated gene in htsd1 as AUXIN1(OsAUX1,LOC_Os01g63770),which encodes an auxin influx transporter.The promoter sequence of OsAUX1 contains many SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL)binding sites,and we demonstrated that SPL7 binds to the OsAUX1 promoter.TEOSINTE BRANCHED1(OsTB1),a key gene that negatively regulates tillering,was significantly downregulated in htsd1.Tillering was enhanced in the OsTB1 knockout mutant,and the external application of IAA inhibited tiller elongation in this mutant.Overexpressing OsTB1 restored the multi-tiller phenotype of htsd1.These results suggest that SPL7 directly binds to the OsAUX1 promoter and regulates tillering in rice by altering OsTB1 expression to modulate auxin signaling.
基金supported and funded by Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia(KFU241897).
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the most important cereal crops in the world.Bakanae disease is a significant rice disease widely distributed in rice-growing regions worldwide.Therefore,the present investigation aimed to assess the optimal concentrations of paclobutrazol(PBZ)as a treatment for rice grains(cv.Sakha 108)to control bakanae disease,also evaluating its impact on grain germination,seedling growth parameters as well as disease index.Paclobutrazol concentrations had no significant impact on seed germination,regardless of whether the seeds were incubated with Fusarium fujikuroi or not.Application of PBZ,either alone or in combination with fungal pathogens,negatively impacted the rice seedlings’height.Paclobutrazol at 25,50 and 100 mg/L,combined with the fungal pathogen positively impacted root length.Paclobutrazol at 3 and 6 mg/L mitigated the adverse impact on chlorophyll pigments content in infected seedlings.The highest proline contents were achieved by 100 mg/L PBZ alone or in combination with fungal pathogens.It has been observed that the application of PBZ,either alone or in combination with a fungal pathogen,leads to the enhancement of catalase,peroxidase,and polyphenol oxidase activities.The median lethal concentration of PBZ was 0.874 mg/L;applying low concentrations of paclobutrazol effectively increased the percentage of fungal growth suppression.Application of PBZ,at higher concentrations(50 and 100 mg/L),decreased infection percentage and disease severity index(DSI)significantly.These findings suggest that PBZ can be an effective treatment for controlling bakanae disease and enhancing resistance in rice plants.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42107513)the Key Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (No. 22JR5RA051)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province (No. 21YF5FA151)the Gansu Province science and Technology project (21JR7RA070)
文摘Enhancing the growth of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)through inoculation with rhizobacteria represents a sustainable strategy for reclaiming saline soils.However,the lack of suitable strains and practical application guidelines poses significant challenges to the utilization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria(PGPR)in saltaffected soils of Northwest China.In this study,we selected four PGPR strains derived from indigenous halophytes based on their growth-promoting characteristics.These strains underwent further selection via a petri dish assay.Subsequently,the effects of the selected PGPR strains on alfalfa growth and soil fertility were rigorously examined through pot trials.The results demonstrated that Bacillus filamentosus HL3,B.filamentosus HL6,Bacillus subtilis subsp.stercoris HG12,and Paenibacillus peoriae HG24 significantly produced indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),solubilized phosphorus,and fixed nitrogen(except for B.filamentosus HL6,which did not significantly fix nitrogen).Compared to non-inoculated plants,B.filamentosus HL6 and B.subtilis subsp.stercoris HG12 significantly enhanced seed germination,root elongation,and seedling biomass in a 150 mmol/L NaCl saline solution.In saline-alkaline soils,PGPR inoculation under brackish water irrigation did not restore alfalfa growth to the levels observed under freshwater irrigation.Principal Component Analysis(PCA)condensed ten indicators into two indices,explaining 86.85%of the variance.Using these two indices as weights,an evaluation model for the PGPR-alfalfa symbiosis indicated that B.subtilis subsp.stercoris HG12 had the most substantial effect under freshwater irrigation,while co-inoculation with B.subtilis subsp.stercoris HG12 and B.filamentosus HL6 had the most significant impact on alfalfa growth and soil improvement under brackish water irrigation.Available phosphorus was identified as the primary factor influencing alfalfa growth,contributing 82.3%to the growth variation.These findings provide suitable microbial strains for the utilization of saline-alkali land and underscore the potential of applying indigenous PGPR-alfalfa symbiotic techniques to improve soil fertility and crop yield in the arid regions of Northwest China.
文摘Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica and indica exhibit different sensitivity to photoinhibition and they show different stability of their core proteins D1 in the chloroplast photosystem Ⅱ. Using in situ hybridization, psbA, the gene encoding D1 protein of O. sativa ssp. japonica cv. 9516, and that of O. sativa ssp. indica cv. Shanyou 63 was cloned. As revealed by homology comparison of their sequences, the sequences are identical in the regions of promoter and 5′-UTR; differences are found in individual bases in the coding region all of which, being in the third position of respective codons, however, do not affect the amino acids coded finally; a difference is noted in the length of the oligo-U sequence in the region of 3′-UTR. It is thus apparent that, rather than a result of any difference in the amino acid sequences, the differences in the sensitivity to photoinhibition of D1 proteins between japonica and indica rice may be related to the upstream factors that regulate expression of psbA or to differences of photoprotective mechanisms.
文摘[ Objective ] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [ Method ] In the process of screening and identification of Bar-transgenic rice, a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines of T1 progenies. The mutant was investigated for genetic analysis and agronomic traits by herbicide spraying and PCR amplification. [ Result] The segregation ratio is consistent with mendelian law（3：1）. The mutant assumed not only higher plant height, wider straw and earlier florescence, but also more tillers, bigger spikes and resultantly higher biomass. PCR detections indicated that no co-segregation was observed between mutant traits and target gene（Bar） in the T-DNA inserted, proving that the mutant is not caused by the insertion of T-DNA containing target gene （Bar）. [ Conclusion] Our study may avail to understand the cloning of mutant gene and the mechanism of the mutant gene on biomass.
