Saprolegnia ferax is isolated from polluted water sample collected from Mula River,Pune,Maharashtra,India.The isolated taxon is illustrated and compared with the morphotaxonomy based first record of Indian S.ferax iso...Saprolegnia ferax is isolated from polluted water sample collected from Mula River,Pune,Maharashtra,India.The isolated taxon is illustrated and compared with the morphotaxonomy based first record of Indian S.ferax isolated by Wani et al.(2017).The present study deals with the re-description of the isolated taxon S.ferax based on detail morphological features,sequence analysis and phylogeny of ITS and LSU regions of rDNA.展开更多
Since direct staining of growing hyphae with trifluoperazine (TFP) could result in the migration of protoplasm in hyphae of water mold Saprolegnia feraX, an improved staining method for fixation of growing hyphae was ...Since direct staining of growing hyphae with trifluoperazine (TFP) could result in the migration of protoplasm in hyphae of water mold Saprolegnia feraX, an improved staining method for fixation of growing hyphae was developed. When hyphae of Saprolegnia ferax were pre-fixed with paraformaldehyde, the TFP fluorescence showed a clear tip-high Ca(2+)-activated calmodulin (CaM) gradient. By indirect immunohistochemical staining, we proved that total CaM also mainly concentrated in the apex of hyphae.It is noticeble that when the hyphal tip growth ceased, the high intensity of TFP fluorescence usually disappeared in non-growing tips and became evident in the newly emerged growing tips, which implied that the concentration of CaM shifted in concord with the transfer of growing point in hyphae. 2×10(-5) mol/L CaM inhibitor TFP could reduce the tip growth rate and the percentage of growing hyphal tips to about 50%, and induce multibranching of hyphal tips. These findings strongly suggest that the high concentration of calmodulin in the hyphal tip may be involved in regulation of hyphal tip growth.展开更多
Based on the theory of biological control of Saprolegnia ferax,antagonism test of nine strains of Bacillus sp. to S. ferax JL was carried out. Bacillus sp.BA1 was screened to have significantly inhibitory effects on t...Based on the theory of biological control of Saprolegnia ferax,antagonism test of nine strains of Bacillus sp. to S. ferax JL was carried out. Bacillus sp.BA1 was screened to have significantly inhibitory effects on the growth of S. ferax JL( P 【 0. 05). Then,the effects of Bacillus sp. BA1 on different sources of S. ferax were carried out. Results showed that BA1 also had significantly inhibitory effects on S. ferax 6#,10# and S2( P 【 0. 05). Sequence of 16 S r DNA of BA1 was analyzed; and homologous alignment analysis showed that BA1 had more than 99% similarity with Bacillus cereus. Therefore,it could be concluded that strain BA1 was B. cereus,which significantly inhibited the growth of S. ferax and could be used as the biological control agent for S. ferax diseases in aquaculture.展开更多
The objective of this study was to minimize the utilization of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of fungal infections in fish,as these agents can adversely impact human and animal health as well as the environm...The objective of this study was to minimize the utilization of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of fungal infections in fish,as these agents can adversely impact human and animal health as well as the environment.Nile Tilapia was utilized in this study to assess the efficacy of incorporating garlic and cinnamon into their diet,aiming to enhance their immune systems and provide protection against Saprolegnia,a fungal pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the fish farming industry.The findings indicated that the inclusion of garlic and cinnamon to the fish’s diet enhanced their immune response and various blood parameters.Specifically,group 4,treated with 1.5% garlic,demonstrated superior outcomes compared to group 5,which received 2% garlic treatment.Additionally,group 6,subjected to 8.5% cinnamon treatment,exhibited superior hematological parameters when compared to group 7,which received 10% cinnamon treatment.Moreover,group 6 displayed the highest phagocytic activity in comparison to the remaining groups.In conclusion,garlic and cinnamon can serve as valuable immunostimulants for managing fungal infections in fish.Their inclusion in the diet enhances the immune response,consequently bolstering the fish’s resistance to fungal infections.展开更多
Saprolegniasis,caused by Saprolegnia infection,is one of the most common diseases in freshwater fish.Our study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of saprolegniasis in Chinese regions of high incide...Saprolegniasis,caused by Saprolegnia infection,is one of the most common diseases in freshwater fish.Our study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of saprolegniasis in Chinese regions of high incidence.Saprolegnia were isolated and identified by morphological and molecular methods targeting the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)ribosomal DNA(rDNA)and building neighbor-joining(NJ)and maximum parsimony(MP)phylogenetic trees.The ITS sequences of eight isolated strains were compared with GenBank sequences and all strains fell into three clades:CLADE1(02,LP,04 and 14),CLADE2(S1),and CLADE3(CP,S2,L5 and the reference ATCC200013).Isolates 02 and LP shared 80%sequence similarity with S.diclina,S.longicaulis,S.ferax,S.mixta,and S.anomalies.Further,isolates 04 and 14 shared 80%similarity with S.bulbosa and S.oliviae.Finally,extremely high ITS sequence similarities were identified between isolates S1 and S.australis(100%);CP and S.hypogyna(96%);and S2,L5,ATCC200013 and S.salmonis(98%).This research provides insights into the identification,prevention and control of saprolegniasis pathogens and the potential development of effective drugs.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of powdered silver zeolite(SZ)on the in vitro growth of the fish pathogen Saprolegnia sp.Methods:The antifungal activity of SZ was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory c...Objective:To investigate the effects of powdered silver zeolite(SZ)on the in vitro growth of the fish pathogen Saprolegnia sp.Methods:The antifungal activity of SZ was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations using two-fold serial dilutions of powdered SZ in a glucose yeast extract agar at 22℃.The growth of Saprolegnia sp.on the SZ agar treatments was compared to that on SZ-free agar controls.Results:The results showed that SZ had an inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of the tested fungi.The minimum inhibitory concentration of SZ for Saprolegnia sp.was also calculated at 600 mg/L,which is equal to 0.06 percent.Conclusions:SZ is a potential good candidate to replace teratogenic and toxic agents,such as malachite green in aquaculture systems.展开更多
文摘Saprolegnia ferax is isolated from polluted water sample collected from Mula River,Pune,Maharashtra,India.The isolated taxon is illustrated and compared with the morphotaxonomy based first record of Indian S.ferax isolated by Wani et al.(2017).The present study deals with the re-description of the isolated taxon S.ferax based on detail morphological features,sequence analysis and phylogeny of ITS and LSU regions of rDNA.
文摘Since direct staining of growing hyphae with trifluoperazine (TFP) could result in the migration of protoplasm in hyphae of water mold Saprolegnia feraX, an improved staining method for fixation of growing hyphae was developed. When hyphae of Saprolegnia ferax were pre-fixed with paraformaldehyde, the TFP fluorescence showed a clear tip-high Ca(2+)-activated calmodulin (CaM) gradient. By indirect immunohistochemical staining, we proved that total CaM also mainly concentrated in the apex of hyphae.It is noticeble that when the hyphal tip growth ceased, the high intensity of TFP fluorescence usually disappeared in non-growing tips and became evident in the newly emerged growing tips, which implied that the concentration of CaM shifted in concord with the transfer of growing point in hyphae. 2×10(-5) mol/L CaM inhibitor TFP could reduce the tip growth rate and the percentage of growing hyphal tips to about 50%, and induce multibranching of hyphal tips. These findings strongly suggest that the high concentration of calmodulin in the hyphal tip may be involved in regulation of hyphal tip growth.
基金Supported by the Industry-Academia-Research Project of Guangdong Province(2010B090400002)Special Fund for Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(NYCYTX-49-17)
文摘Based on the theory of biological control of Saprolegnia ferax,antagonism test of nine strains of Bacillus sp. to S. ferax JL was carried out. Bacillus sp.BA1 was screened to have significantly inhibitory effects on the growth of S. ferax JL( P 【 0. 05). Then,the effects of Bacillus sp. BA1 on different sources of S. ferax were carried out. Results showed that BA1 also had significantly inhibitory effects on S. ferax 6#,10# and S2( P 【 0. 05). Sequence of 16 S r DNA of BA1 was analyzed; and homologous alignment analysis showed that BA1 had more than 99% similarity with Bacillus cereus. Therefore,it could be concluded that strain BA1 was B. cereus,which significantly inhibited the growth of S. ferax and could be used as the biological control agent for S. ferax diseases in aquaculture.
文摘The objective of this study was to minimize the utilization of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of fungal infections in fish,as these agents can adversely impact human and animal health as well as the environment.Nile Tilapia was utilized in this study to assess the efficacy of incorporating garlic and cinnamon into their diet,aiming to enhance their immune systems and provide protection against Saprolegnia,a fungal pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the fish farming industry.The findings indicated that the inclusion of garlic and cinnamon to the fish’s diet enhanced their immune response and various blood parameters.Specifically,group 4,treated with 1.5% garlic,demonstrated superior outcomes compared to group 5,which received 2% garlic treatment.Additionally,group 6,subjected to 8.5% cinnamon treatment,exhibited superior hematological parameters when compared to group 7,which received 10% cinnamon treatment.Moreover,group 6 displayed the highest phagocytic activity in comparison to the remaining groups.In conclusion,garlic and cinnamon can serve as valuable immunostimulants for managing fungal infections in fish.Their inclusion in the diet enhances the immune response,consequently bolstering the fish’s resistance to fungal infections.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No.2013BAD13B03).
文摘Saprolegniasis,caused by Saprolegnia infection,is one of the most common diseases in freshwater fish.Our study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of saprolegniasis in Chinese regions of high incidence.Saprolegnia were isolated and identified by morphological and molecular methods targeting the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)ribosomal DNA(rDNA)and building neighbor-joining(NJ)and maximum parsimony(MP)phylogenetic trees.The ITS sequences of eight isolated strains were compared with GenBank sequences and all strains fell into three clades:CLADE1(02,LP,04 and 14),CLADE2(S1),and CLADE3(CP,S2,L5 and the reference ATCC200013).Isolates 02 and LP shared 80%sequence similarity with S.diclina,S.longicaulis,S.ferax,S.mixta,and S.anomalies.Further,isolates 04 and 14 shared 80%similarity with S.bulbosa and S.oliviae.Finally,extremely high ITS sequence similarities were identified between isolates S1 and S.australis(100%);CP and S.hypogyna(96%);and S2,L5,ATCC200013 and S.salmonis(98%).This research provides insights into the identification,prevention and control of saprolegniasis pathogens and the potential development of effective drugs.
基金Supported by Tarbiat Modares University(TMU)of Iran and Nanomaterial Technology Development Program(Green Nano Technology Development Program)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(No.2011-0020090).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of powdered silver zeolite(SZ)on the in vitro growth of the fish pathogen Saprolegnia sp.Methods:The antifungal activity of SZ was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations using two-fold serial dilutions of powdered SZ in a glucose yeast extract agar at 22℃.The growth of Saprolegnia sp.on the SZ agar treatments was compared to that on SZ-free agar controls.Results:The results showed that SZ had an inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of the tested fungi.The minimum inhibitory concentration of SZ for Saprolegnia sp.was also calculated at 600 mg/L,which is equal to 0.06 percent.Conclusions:SZ is a potential good candidate to replace teratogenic and toxic agents,such as malachite green in aquaculture systems.
文摘以水霉菌(Saprolegnia ferax)的生物防治为切入点,通过对本实验室保存的9株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)与水霉菌JL菌株进行对峙拮抗试验,筛选出具有明显抑制水霉菌JL菌株的芽孢杆菌BA1(P<0.05)。经进一步测定菌株BA1对不同来源水霉菌株试验,结果显示菌株BA1对水霉菌株6#、10#、S2也有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。通过测定菌株BA1的16 S rDNA,利用BLAST软件进行同源性比对,发现与蜡样芽孢杆菌的同源性在99%以上。由此推测,菌株BA1为蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株,且具有明显抑制水霉菌作用,可以作为水产养殖上水霉病防治的生物制剂使用。
