The floral organogenesis and development of Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. （Sapindaceae） were studied trader scanning electron microscope and light microscope to determine its systematic position within Sapindaceae. Flo...The floral organogenesis and development of Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. （Sapindaceae） were studied trader scanning electron microscope and light microscope to determine its systematic position within Sapindaceae. Flowers arise in terminal thyrses. The sepal primordia initiate in a spiral （2/5） sequence, which are not synchronous. The five petal primordia initiate almost synchronously and alternate with sepal primordia. Eight stamens initiate almost simultaneously and their differentiation precedes that of the petals. The last formed petal and one stamen initiate from a common primordium. Mature stamens curve inwards and cover the ovary in bud. The gynoecium begins as a hemispheric primordium on which two carpellary lobes arise simultaneously. Later in development a single gynocium is formed with two locules and two ovules per locule. Floral morphology suggests a closer affinity with Sapindaceae, although certain features of floral ontogenesis are similar to those observed in certain members of the former Hippocastanaceae, such as Handeliodendron.展开更多
Dear Editor,Saponins are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of natural plant products,playing critical roles in plant defense against disease and herbivores,and some saponins have gained recognition for their...Dear Editor,Saponins are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of natural plant products,playing critical roles in plant defense against disease and herbivores,and some saponins have gained recognition for their pharmaceutical importance.Saponins are glycosides of triterpenes,with their triterpene backbones formed through the cyclization of the 2,3-oxidosqualene by oxidosqualene cyclase(OsC).The triterpenes are oxidized mostly by cytochrome P450(CYP450)and glycosylated by uridine diphosphate(UDP)-glycosyltransferases(UGTs)or cellulose synthase-like enzymes(CSLs)to form diverse saponins(Abe et al.,2004;Seki et al.,2015).展开更多
Many species of Sapindaceae,such as lychee,longan,and rambutan,provide nutritious and delicious fruit.Understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms that underlie the regulation of flowering is essential for securing ...Many species of Sapindaceae,such as lychee,longan,and rambutan,provide nutritious and delicious fruit.Understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms that underlie the regulation of flowering is essential for securing flower and fruit productivity.Most endogenous and exogenous flowering cues are integrated into the florigen encoded by FLOWER-ING LOCUS T.However,the regulatory mechanisms of flowering remain poorly understood in Sapindaceae.Here,we identified 60 phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein-coding genes from six Sapindaceae plants.Gene duplication events led to the emergence of two or more paralogs of the FT gene that have evolved antagonistic functions in Sapindaceae.Among them,the FT1-like genes are functionally conserved and promote flowering,while the FT2-like genes likely serve as repressors that delay flowering.Importantly,we show here that the natural variation at nucleotide position-1437 of the lychee FT1 promoter determined the binding affinity of the SVP protein(LcSVP9),which was a negative regulator of flowering,resulting in the differential expression of LcFT1,which in turn affected flowering time in lychee.This finding provides a potential molecular marker for breeding lychee.Taken together,our results reveal some crucial aspects of FT gene family genetics that underlie the regulation of flowering in Sapindaceae.展开更多
Two new tirucallane-type triterpenoid saponins, Sapimukoside A (1) and Sapimukoside B (2), were isolated from the roots of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, their structur...Two new tirucallane-type triterpenoid saponins, Sapimukoside A (1) and Sapimukoside B (2), were isolated from the roots of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, their structures were elucidated to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3beta, 21-diol (1) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3beta, 21-diol (2).展开更多
A protoilludane sesquiterpene (named xanthocerapene) was isolated from the wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Its structure, including the relative configuration was established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
OBJECTIVE: To define the effects of Xanthoceras sorbifolia(EXS) on vascular inflammation and the mechanisms in endothelial cells.METHODS: Vascular protective effects of an ethanol extract of seeds from EXS(1-50 μg/mL...OBJECTIVE: To define the effects of Xanthoceras sorbifolia(EXS) on vascular inflammation and the mechanisms in endothelial cells.METHODS: Vascular protective effects of an ethanol extract of seeds from EXS(1-50 μg/mL) against tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)-induced vascularinflammation were examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).RESULTS: EXS significantly decreased TNF-α-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial cell selectin,in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with EXS significantly inhibited translocation and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) increased by TNF-α. EXS also significantly inhibited formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS). Moreover, the vascular protective effects of EXS were linked to up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2(Nrf-2) expression. EXS-induced HO-1 expression was significantly decreased in SnPP(HO-1 inhibitor)-and HO-1 siRNA-treated cells, whereas an increase was found in cobalt protoporphyrin IX(CoPP)(HO-1 inducer)-treated cells. In addition, pretreatment with EXS increased HO-1 and Nrf-2 expression under TNF-α stimulation with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of EXS on TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation were partially reversed in SnPP-and of HO-1siRNA-treated cells but increased by CoPP.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EXS may have important implications for prevention of vascular complications associated with vascular inflammation by inhibition of the NF-κB/ROS pathway and activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.展开更多
Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Dimocarpus longan seeds in Sapindaceae.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract of D.longan seeds by silica gel column chromatograp...Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Dimocarpus longan seeds in Sapindaceae.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract of D.longan seeds by silica gel column chromatography.Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and chemical properties and spectral analysis.Results One compound was isolated and identified as 2-methyl-1,10-undecanediol,named longandiol(1).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.展开更多
基金supported by South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The floral organogenesis and development of Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. （Sapindaceae） were studied trader scanning electron microscope and light microscope to determine its systematic position within Sapindaceae. Flowers arise in terminal thyrses. The sepal primordia initiate in a spiral （2/5） sequence, which are not synchronous. The five petal primordia initiate almost synchronously and alternate with sepal primordia. Eight stamens initiate almost simultaneously and their differentiation precedes that of the petals. The last formed petal and one stamen initiate from a common primordium. Mature stamens curve inwards and cover the ovary in bud. The gynoecium begins as a hemispheric primordium on which two carpellary lobes arise simultaneously. Later in development a single gynocium is formed with two locules and two ovules per locule. Floral morphology suggests a closer affinity with Sapindaceae, although certain features of floral ontogenesis are similar to those observed in certain members of the former Hippocastanaceae, such as Handeliodendron.
基金supported by the Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2022B0202070003)supported by the National Science Foundation of China(32072547 and 32372665).
文摘Dear Editor,Saponins are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of natural plant products,playing critical roles in plant defense against disease and herbivores,and some saponins have gained recognition for their pharmaceutical importance.Saponins are glycosides of triterpenes,with their triterpene backbones formed through the cyclization of the 2,3-oxidosqualene by oxidosqualene cyclase(OsC).The triterpenes are oxidized mostly by cytochrome P450(CYP450)and glycosylated by uridine diphosphate(UDP)-glycosyltransferases(UGTs)or cellulose synthase-like enzymes(CSLs)to form diverse saponins(Abe et al.,2004;Seki et al.,2015).
基金supported by funding from Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(Grant No.2023A04J1455)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(#2022B0202070003)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#32072547,#32372665).
文摘Many species of Sapindaceae,such as lychee,longan,and rambutan,provide nutritious and delicious fruit.Understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms that underlie the regulation of flowering is essential for securing flower and fruit productivity.Most endogenous and exogenous flowering cues are integrated into the florigen encoded by FLOWER-ING LOCUS T.However,the regulatory mechanisms of flowering remain poorly understood in Sapindaceae.Here,we identified 60 phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein-coding genes from six Sapindaceae plants.Gene duplication events led to the emergence of two or more paralogs of the FT gene that have evolved antagonistic functions in Sapindaceae.Among them,the FT1-like genes are functionally conserved and promote flowering,while the FT2-like genes likely serve as repressors that delay flowering.Importantly,we show here that the natural variation at nucleotide position-1437 of the lychee FT1 promoter determined the binding affinity of the SVP protein(LcSVP9),which was a negative regulator of flowering,resulting in the differential expression of LcFT1,which in turn affected flowering time in lychee.This finding provides a potential molecular marker for breeding lychee.Taken together,our results reveal some crucial aspects of FT gene family genetics that underlie the regulation of flowering in Sapindaceae.
文摘Two new tirucallane-type triterpenoid saponins, Sapimukoside A (1) and Sapimukoside B (2), were isolated from the roots of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, their structures were elucidated to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3beta, 21-diol (1) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3beta, 21-diol (2).
文摘A protoilludane sesquiterpene (named xanthocerapene) was isolated from the wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Its structure, including the relative configuration was established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2015HM037)a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant Funded by the Korean Government(No.NRF-2017R1A5A2015805)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To define the effects of Xanthoceras sorbifolia(EXS) on vascular inflammation and the mechanisms in endothelial cells.METHODS: Vascular protective effects of an ethanol extract of seeds from EXS(1-50 μg/mL) against tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)-induced vascularinflammation were examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).RESULTS: EXS significantly decreased TNF-α-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial cell selectin,in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with EXS significantly inhibited translocation and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) increased by TNF-α. EXS also significantly inhibited formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS). Moreover, the vascular protective effects of EXS were linked to up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2(Nrf-2) expression. EXS-induced HO-1 expression was significantly decreased in SnPP(HO-1 inhibitor)-and HO-1 siRNA-treated cells, whereas an increase was found in cobalt protoporphyrin IX(CoPP)(HO-1 inducer)-treated cells. In addition, pretreatment with EXS increased HO-1 and Nrf-2 expression under TNF-α stimulation with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of EXS on TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation were partially reversed in SnPP-and of HO-1siRNA-treated cells but increased by CoPP.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EXS may have important implications for prevention of vascular complications associated with vascular inflammation by inhibition of the NF-κB/ROS pathway and activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.
基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2010B020312006)Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCXZ-YW-R-218)
文摘Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Dimocarpus longan seeds in Sapindaceae.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract of D.longan seeds by silica gel column chromatography.Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and chemical properties and spectral analysis.Results One compound was isolated and identified as 2-methyl-1,10-undecanediol,named longandiol(1).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.
