The demand for high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials has significantly increased alongside advancements in aerospace and communication technologies.Although traditional magnetic absorbers,such...The demand for high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials has significantly increased alongside advancements in aerospace and communication technologies.Although traditional magnetic absorbers,such as ferrites and metal powders,show excellent magnetic loss performance at room temperature,they have significant limitations in harsh environments due to their high density,low Curie temperature,and susceptibility to oxidation.In contrast,carbon-containing materials have emerged as promising candidates for high-temperature EWA applications,owing to their high melting point,low density,tunable dielectric loss mechanisms,and superior thermal stability.Unlike magnetic materials,carbon-based systems primarily dissipate electromagnetic energy through conductance loss,dipole polarization,and interfacial polarization,thereby avoiding performance degradation at elevated temperatures.However,several critical challenges remain,including insufficient oxidation resistance,mechanical reliability issues,and the need for stable impedance matching.To address these limitations,recent strategies such as defect engineering,heterointerface construction,and metamaterial design have been proposed to enhance thermal stability and functional performance.This review provides a systematic summary of recent advances in carbon-containing absorbers,with a focus on dielectric loss mechanisms,optimization strategies,and multiscale structural design principles.By elucidating the structure–property relationships of carbon materials,carbide ceramics,and novel carbon hybrids,this study aims to offer theoretical and technical guidance for the development of advanced high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbers,thereby promoting their practical applications in aerospace and telecommunications.展开更多
Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may po...Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.展开更多
Proteostasis,also known as protein homeostasis,is a tightly regulated cellular quality control process that ensures the balance of protein synthesis,folding,posttranslational modifications,and degradation.Maintaining ...Proteostasis,also known as protein homeostasis,is a tightly regulated cellular quality control process that ensures the balance of protein synthesis,folding,posttranslational modifications,and degradation.Maintaining proteostasis is vital for cellular function,organismal health,and longevity.The disru ption of proteostasis can lead to a range of detrimental effects,including accelerated aging,compromised cellular function,and even cell death,manifesting in numerous human diseases(Hipp et al.,2019).展开更多
An EPDDMAC-GE polymer （hydrophilic molecule） has been synthesized based on epoxypropyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride （EPDDMAC） and gelatin. A DEEPSAC-GE polymer （hydrophobic molecule） has been synthesized b...An EPDDMAC-GE polymer （hydrophilic molecule） has been synthesized based on epoxypropyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride （EPDDMAC） and gelatin. A DEEPSAC-GE polymer （hydrophobic molecule） has been synthesized based on diethyl-2,3-epoxypropyl-[3-methyldimethoxyl] silpropyl ammonium chloride （DEEPSAC） and gelatin. Compared with initial gelatin, the gelatin modified with quaternary ammonium salts containing epoxide groups exhibits stronger antibacterial activity.展开更多
Direct hydroxylation of benzene catalyzed by vanadium-con- taining heteropoly compounds with Keggin or Dawson structure has been investigated.The effects of several factors upon the hydroxylation reaction have also be...Direct hydroxylation of benzene catalyzed by vanadium-con- taining heteropoly compounds with Keggin or Dawson structure has been investigated.The effects of several factors upon the hydroxylation reaction have also been examined.It is indicated that the highest yield of phenol reached 76%(based on H_2O_(?))with 99.4～100% selectivity.展开更多
The polysiloxane containing propylene carbonate side group and several lithium poly-meric salts were synthesized. The structure were confirmed by IR, NMR and XPS. Theblending systems of polysiloxane containing propyle...The polysiloxane containing propylene carbonate side group and several lithium poly-meric salts were synthesized. The structure were confirmed by IR, NMR and XPS. Theblending systems of polysiloxane containing propylene carbonate group with different lithiumpolymeric salts were studied by ion conductivity XPS and DSC. Different lithium poly-meric salts in the blending system lead to conductivity arranged in the following sequence:poly(lithium ethylenebenzene sulfonate methylsiloxane)>poly(lithium propionate methyl-siloxane)>poly(lithium propylsulfonate methylsiloxane)>poly(lithium styrenesulfonate).In the blending system the best single ion conductivity was close to 10^(-5) Scm^(-1) at roomtemperature. XPS showed that at low lithium salt concentration the conductivity increasedwith the increasing content of lithium salt, in consequence of the increase of free ion andsolvent separated ion pair. At high lithium salt concentration the free ion was absent andthe solvent-separated ion pair functioned as carrier.展开更多
A stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymer network has been constructed based on the host-vip interactions between the copolymer poly-P[5]A with pendent pillararene units and bis(sulfonium)diction vip G2.The form...A stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymer network has been constructed based on the host-vip interactions between the copolymer poly-P[5]A with pendent pillararene units and bis(sulfonium)diction vip G2.The formation mechanism of the supramolecular polymer network has been explored by the intensive study.With the addition of the competitive molecules and heating,the supramolecular polymer network could be dissociated and lead to clear changes in NMR spectroscopy and viscosity property.展开更多
The rising need for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems has led to increased interest in the use of advanced electrolytes consisting of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) and ionic liquids(ILs).These electrolyt...The rising need for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems has led to increased interest in the use of advanced electrolytes consisting of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) and ionic liquids(ILs).These electrolytes are appealing candidates for supercapacitors,next-generation lithium-ion batteries,and different energy storage systems because of their special features including non-flammability,low volatility,lowtoxicity,good electrochemical stability,and good thermal and chemical stability.This review explores the advantages of the proposed electrolytes by examining their potential to address the critical challenges in lithium battery technology,including safety concerns,energy density limitations,and operational stability.To achieve this,a comprehensive overview of the lithium salts commonly employed in rechargeable lithium battery electrolytes is presented.Moreover,key physicochemical and functional attributes of ILs and DESs,such as electrochemical stability,ionic conductivity,nonflammability,and viscosity are also discussed with a focus on how these features impact battery performance.The integration of lithium salts with ILs and DESs in modern lithium battery technologies,including lithium-ion(Li-ion) batteries,lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2)) batteries,and lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries,are further examined in the study.Various electrochemical performance metrics including cycling stability,charge/discharge profiles,retention capacity and battery's couiombic efficiency(CE) are also analyzed for the above-mentioned systems.By summarizing recent advances and challenges,this review also highlights the potential of electrolytes consisting of DESs and ILs to enhance energy density,durability,and safety in future energy storage applications.Additionally future research directions,including the molecular optimization of ILs and DESs,optimizing lithium salt compositions,and developing scalable synthesis methods to accelerate their practical implementation in next-generation energy storage applications are also explored.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is at the forefront of the global spectrum of cancer incidence and mortality,with conventional therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors limited by resistance.Recent studies hav...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is at the forefront of the global spectrum of cancer incidence and mortality,with conventional therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors limited by resistance.Recent studies have highlighted the promising anticancer effects of nitidine chloride(NC)against HCC.SAC3 domain containing 1(SAC3D1)is critical for centrosome replication and spindle formation.However,research on SAC3D1 in HCC and NC remains limited.AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying SAC3D1’s role in HCC progression and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic target of NC.METHODS RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)identified SAC3D1 expression changes in HCC cells after NC treatment.Molecular docking was further employed to validate the direct binding between NC and SAC3D1.Additionally,HCC multicenter data(The Cancer Genome Atlas_GTEx,ArrayExpress),pathway analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and SAC3D1 in vitro knockdown experiments were integrated to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying SAC3D1's involvement in HCC progression.RESULTS RNA-seq showed that NC treatment significantly downregulated SAC3D1 expression[log2(fold change)=-0.95,P<0.05],with molecular docking revealing that NC directly bound to SAC3D1 proteins(binding energy:-9.7 kcal/mol).Enrichment analysis showed that most pathways were closely related to the cell cycle.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that SAC3D1 and cell cycle genes were significantly positively correlated(correlation coefficient≥0.3,P<0.05).SAC3D1 knockdown inhibited HCC cell invasion,migration,and proliferation by arresting cells in the S and G2/M phases.Flow cytometry confirmed that after SAC3D1 knockdown,the early and total apoptosis percentage of HCC cells decreased,while the late apoptosis percentage increased.CONCLUSION As a potential target of NC,SAC3D1 may inhibit HCC progression through cell cycle regulation following its downregulation by NC.展开更多
A synthetic method for heteroatom-bridged cyclic diaryliodonium salts by using ortho-substituted functionalized diaryliodonium salts is presented.Coumarin skeleton was also incorporated into cyclic diaryliodonium salt...A synthetic method for heteroatom-bridged cyclic diaryliodonium salts by using ortho-substituted functionalized diaryliodonium salts is presented.Coumarin skeleton was also incorporated into cyclic diaryliodonium salts.UV-Visible absorption of these cyclic diaryliodonium salts was performed to demonstrate their potential applications in photo-chemistry.展开更多
The functional and structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the brain microenvironment;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the bloo...The functional and structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the brain microenvironment;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the blood-brain barrier remain poorly understood.The major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A has been identified as a key regulator of blood-brain barrier function.It plays a critical role in promoting and maintaining the formation and functional stability of the blood-brain barrier,in addition to the transport of lipids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,across the blood-brain barrier.Furthermore,an increasing number of studies have suggested that major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A is involved in the molecular mechanisms of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in a variety of neurological diseases;however,little is known regarding the mechanisms by which major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A affects the blood-brain barrier.This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the close relationship between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins and the blood-brain barrier,including their basic structures and functions,cross-linking between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A and the blood-brain barrier,and the in-depth studies on lipid transport and the regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability.This comprehensive systematic review contributes to an in-depth understanding of the important role of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins in maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the research progress to date.This will not only help to elucidate the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,improve the accuracy of laboratory diagnosis,and optimize clinical treatment strategies,but it may also play an important role in prognostic monitoring.In addition,the effects of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A on blood-brain barrier leakage in various diseases and the research progress on cross-blood-brain barrier drug delivery are summarized.This review may contribute to the development of new approaches for the treatment of neurological diseases.展开更多
The effects of different aging processes on the precipitated phase,mechanical properties,molten salt corrosion resistance and post-weld microstructure of 347H stainless steel were studied.The results show that a large...The effects of different aging processes on the precipitated phase,mechanical properties,molten salt corrosion resistance and post-weld microstructure of 347H stainless steel were studied.The results show that a large number of precipitated phases appear in the crystal after aging at 700℃for 400 h.After aging for 3000 h,the number of precipitated phases increases and most of them are gathered at the grain boundaries.There are two forms of precipitates,one is the coarse precipitate rich in Cr,and the other is the smaller precipitates mainly consisting of NbC.After aging at 700℃for 30 min,the yield strength and tensile strength of the samples at room temperature and 593℃increase,but the elongation decreases.The corrosion results in nitrate at 565℃show that the corrosion products of the aged samples are the same as that of the original samples,which are Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),MgCr_(2)O_(4),MgFe_(2)O_(4),FeCr_(2)O_(4) and NaFeO_(2).The proportion of Fe_(3)O_(4) that is dense and well bonded to the subtrate in the original sample is higher than that in the aged sample,so the corrosion resistance is better.At 700℃,the aging time has no obvious effect on the microstructure after welding.展开更多
Herein, the electrochemical behaviors of Sr on inert W electrode and reactive Zn/Al electrodes were systematically investig-ated in LiCl–KCl–SrCl2molten salts at 773 K using various electrochemical methods. The chem...Herein, the electrochemical behaviors of Sr on inert W electrode and reactive Zn/Al electrodes were systematically investig-ated in LiCl–KCl–SrCl2molten salts at 773 K using various electrochemical methods. The chemical reaction potentials of Li and Sr on re-active Zn/Al electrodes were determined. We observed that Sr could be extracted by decreasing the activity of the deposited metal Sr onthe reactive electrode, although the standard reduction potential of Sr(II)/Sr was more negative than that of Li(I)/Li. The electrochemicalextraction products of Sr on reactive Zn and Al electrodes were Zn13Sr and Al4Sr, respectively, with no codeposition of Li observed.Based on the density functional theory calculations, both Zn13Sr and Al4Sr were identified as stable intermetallic compounds with Zn-/Al-rich phases. In LiCl–KCl molten salt containing 3wt% SrCl2, the coulombic efficiency of Sr in the Zn electrode was ~54%. The depolar-ization values for Sr on Zn and Al electrodes were 0.864 and 0.485 V, respectively, exhibiting a stronger chemical interaction between Znand Sr than between Al and Sr. This study suggests that using reactive electrodes can facilitate extraction of Sr accumulated while elec-trorefining molten salts, thereby enabling the purification and reuse of the salt and decreasing the volume of the nuclear waste.展开更多
In order to find the optimal anions and cations for designing energetic salts with excellent detonation properties,the properties of 140 salts formed from the anions(A–G)of 3,3′-dinitroamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan(DAAF)...In order to find the optimal anions and cations for designing energetic salts with excellent detonation properties,the properties of 140 salts formed from the anions(A–G)of 3,3′-dinitroamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan(DAAF)derivatives substituted with the—NH_(2),—N_(3) or—NO_(2) group and the cations(1–20)of guanidine,triazole,or tetrazole derivatives were investigated by means of density-functional theory.The predicted densities,heats of formation,detonation velocities(D),and detonation pressures(P)of 140 salts were 11.72 to 2.06 g·cm ^(−3),570.2 to 2333.4 kJ·mol^(−1),8.29 to 10.02 km·s^(−1) and 30.16 to 47.57 GPa,respectively.Most of the salts had better detonation properties than the widely used hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX).Salts containing—NO_(2) group anions(C and F)have better detonation properties(D is 8.88 to 10.02 km·s^(−1) and P is 35.75 to 47.75 GPa)than other salts.Salts containing the cations NH_(4)^(+)(1),NH_(3)OH^(+)(2)and CH_(2)N_(4)NO_(2)^(+)(20)had good detonation properties(D is 9.38 to 10.02 km·s^(−1) and P is 40.72 to 47.75 GPa).Depending on the detonation properties,anions(C and F)and cations(1,2 and 20)are the recommended ions for the generation of energetic salts.展开更多
Single crystalline nickel rich Li[Ni_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x–y)]O_(2)(SCNCM)layered oxide cathodes show higher ionic conductivity and better structure integrity than polycrystalline NCM(PCNCM)cathodes by eliminating grain b...Single crystalline nickel rich Li[Ni_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x–y)]O_(2)(SCNCM)layered oxide cathodes show higher ionic conductivity and better structure integrity than polycrystalline NCM(PCNCM)cathodes by eliminating grain boundaries.However,it remains challenges in the controlled synthesis process and restricted cycling stability of SCNCM.Herein,take single crystalline nickel rich Li[Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)]O_(2)(SC811)as an example,a dual molten salts(LiOH and Li_(2)SO_(4))assisted secondary calcination method is proposed,for which LiOH salt improves primary crystal size and Li_(2)SO_(4)prevents the aggravation of NCM nanocrystals.To further reduce the interfacial side reactions,Mg-doping and B-coating surface modification was carried out,which effectively suppress anisotropic lattice changes and Li/Ni disorder.In addition,a thin and uniform H_(3)BO_(3)coating effectively prevents direct contact between the electrode and electrolyte,thus reducing harmful parasitic reactions.The single crystal structure engineering and surface modification strategy of oxide layered cathodes significantly improve the cycling stability of the modified SC811 cathode.For example,during a long-term cycling of 470 cycles,a high-capacity retention of 74.2%obtained at 1C rate.Our work provides a new strategy for engineering high energy nickel rich layered oxide NCM cathodes.展开更多
Within the framework of carbon neutrality,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are progressively booming along with the growing utilization of green and clean energy.However,the extensive application of LIBs with limited lifesp...Within the framework of carbon neutrality,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are progressively booming along with the growing utilization of green and clean energy.However,the extensive application of LIBs with limited lifespan has brought about a significant recycling dilemma.The traditional hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical strategies are not capable to maximize the output value of spent LIBs and minimize the potential environmental hazards.Herein,to alternate the tedious and polluting treatment processes,we propose a high-temperature molten-salt strategy to directly regenerate spent cathodes of LIBs,which can also overcome the barrier of the incomplete defects'restoration with previous low-temperature molten salts.The high-energy and stable medium environment ensures a more thorough and efficient relithiation reaction,and simultaneously provides sufficient driving force for atomic rearrangement and grains secondary growth.In consequence,the regenerated ternary cathode(R-NCM)exhibits significantly enhanced structural stability that effectively suppresses the occurrence of cracks and harmful side reactions.The R-NCM delivers excellent cycling stability,retaining 81.2%of its capacity after 200 cycles at 1 C.This technique further optimizes the traditional eutectic molten-salt approach,broadening its applicability and improving regenerated cathode performance across a wider range of conditions.展开更多
In this investigation,we examined the high-temperature corrosion behavior of three nickel-based single-crystal superalloys subjected to a mixed molten salt environment of Na_(2)SO_(4)and NaCl at 700℃,leading to a pre...In this investigation,we examined the high-temperature corrosion behavior of three nickel-based single-crystal superalloys subjected to a mixed molten salt environment of Na_(2)SO_(4)and NaCl at 700℃,leading to a preliminary elucidation of their molten salt corrosion mechanisms.By further comparing the corrosion degree of the three nickel-based single-crystal superalloys combined with the Gibbs free energy calculation of the corrosion products,the influence of alloying elements on the corrosion performance of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys was analyzed.It was established that the corrosion mechanism of these nickel-based single-crystal superalloys predominantly involves a cyclic process of oxide layer formation and decomposition,ultimately resulting in the establishment of a protective layer principally composed of NiO,with a constantly regenerating Al2O3 barrier,impeding further alloy degradation.Furthermore,the inclusion of elements such as Cr,Al,Ta,and notably Re has been found to markedly improve the thermal corrosion resistance of the superalloys.These insights not only enhance our comprehension of the corrosion mechanisms pertinent to nickel-based superalloys,but also provide strategic directions for alloy composition refinement aimed at bolstering their corrosion resilience.展开更多
In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still...In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still needs to be further improved.In this work,general analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional diffusion of degradable organic contaminant(DOC)in the multi-layered media containing geomembranes under a time-varying concentration boundary condition,where the variable substitution and separated variable approaches are employed.These analytical solutions with clear expressions can be used not only to study the diffusion behaviors of DOC in bottom and vertical composite barrier systems,but also to verify other complex numerical models.The proposed general analytical solutions are then fully validated via three comparative analyses,including comparisons with the experimental measurements,an existing analytical solution,and a finite-difference solution.Ultimately,the influences of different factors on the composite cutoff wall’s(CCW,which consists of two soil-bentonite layers and a geomembrane)service performance are investigated through a composite vertical barrier system as the application example.The findings obtained from this investigation can provide scientific guidance for the barrier performance evaluation and the engineering design of CCWs.This application example also exhibits the necessity and effectiveness of the developed analytical solutions.展开更多
Carbon-based materials have been widely applied for pollutant removal relying on their rich pore structure,functional groups,chemical stability,and expandability.However,the traditional manufacturing process of carbon...Carbon-based materials have been widely applied for pollutant removal relying on their rich pore structure,functional groups,chemical stability,and expandability.However,the traditional manufacturing process of carbon materials based on organic compounds pyrolysis is high energy-consuming and high-emission,which is not conducive to addressing the climate crisis and achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.Molten salt electrolysis technology enables the direct capture and reduction of CO_(2)to produce solid carbon,resulting in significant environmental benefits while achieving carbon emissions reduction.The molten salt also has a purification function,enabling the production of high-purity carbon materials.The kinetics of the electrochemical reduction process can be easily controlled,and the co-reduction of multiple elements provides convenience for the in-situ optimization of carbon material structure and the expansion of its applications.Therefore,this review focuses on the thermodynamics&kinetics processes of molten salt capture and electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to prepare carbon materials.It further reviews the recent research progress on the preparation of carbon materials for pollutant removal based on molten salt electrochemical processes for the first time.Finally,we analyze the advantages and challenges of the current molten salt electrochemical processes and offers prospects for future research directions.展开更多
Low-valent sulfur oxy-acid salts(LVSOs)represent a category of oxygen-containing salts characterized by their potent reducing capabilities.Notably,sulfite,dithionite,and thiosulfate are prevalent reducing agents that ...Low-valent sulfur oxy-acid salts(LVSOs)represent a category of oxygen-containing salts characterized by their potent reducing capabilities.Notably,sulfite,dithionite,and thiosulfate are prevalent reducing agents that are readily available,cost-effective,and exhibit minimal ecological toxicity.These LVSOs have the ability to generate or promote the generation of strong oxidants or reductants,which makes them widely used in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)and advanced reduction processes(ARPs).This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in AOPs and ARPs involving LVSOs,alongside an examination of the fundamental principles governing the generation of active species within these processes.LVSOs fulfill three primary functions in AOPs:Serving as sources of reactive oxygen species(ROS),auxiliary agents,and activators.Particular attention is devoted to elucidating the reaction mechanisms through which LVSOs,in conjunction with metal ions,metal oxides,ultraviolet light(UV),and ozone,produce potent oxidizing agents in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.Regarding ARPs,this review delineates the mechanisms by which LVSOs generate strong reducing agents,including hydrated electrons,hydrogen radicals,and sulfite radicals,under UV irradiation,while also exploring the interactions between these reductants and pollutants.The review identifies existing gaps within the current framework and proposes future research avenues to address these challenges.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52572086 and 52502371)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(242300421010)+2 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents in Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(22HASTIT001)the Henan Province Natural Science Foundation Outstanding Youth Fund Project(242300421009)the Henan Province science and technology research project(252102320354and 252102230037)。
文摘The demand for high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials has significantly increased alongside advancements in aerospace and communication technologies.Although traditional magnetic absorbers,such as ferrites and metal powders,show excellent magnetic loss performance at room temperature,they have significant limitations in harsh environments due to their high density,low Curie temperature,and susceptibility to oxidation.In contrast,carbon-containing materials have emerged as promising candidates for high-temperature EWA applications,owing to their high melting point,low density,tunable dielectric loss mechanisms,and superior thermal stability.Unlike magnetic materials,carbon-based systems primarily dissipate electromagnetic energy through conductance loss,dipole polarization,and interfacial polarization,thereby avoiding performance degradation at elevated temperatures.However,several critical challenges remain,including insufficient oxidation resistance,mechanical reliability issues,and the need for stable impedance matching.To address these limitations,recent strategies such as defect engineering,heterointerface construction,and metamaterial design have been proposed to enhance thermal stability and functional performance.This review provides a systematic summary of recent advances in carbon-containing absorbers,with a focus on dielectric loss mechanisms,optimization strategies,and multiscale structural design principles.By elucidating the structure–property relationships of carbon materials,carbide ceramics,and novel carbon hybrids,this study aims to offer theoretical and technical guidance for the development of advanced high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbers,thereby promoting their practical applications in aerospace and telecommunications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176200)the Industrial Innovation Entrepreneurial Team Project of Ordos 2021.
文摘Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.
基金supported by a grant of the Korea Dementia Research Project through the Korea Dementia Research Center (RS-2022-KH126506 to JSL)the ABC-based Regenerative BioTherapeutics(ABC project) grant (RS-2024-00426031 to JSL)NRF Grant (2022R1A2C3013138 to HR,RS-2024-00449723 to JGL) funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Ministry of Science and ICT,Ministry of Education)
文摘Proteostasis,also known as protein homeostasis,is a tightly regulated cellular quality control process that ensures the balance of protein synthesis,folding,posttranslational modifications,and degradation.Maintaining proteostasis is vital for cellular function,organismal health,and longevity.The disru ption of proteostasis can lead to a range of detrimental effects,including accelerated aging,compromised cellular function,and even cell death,manifesting in numerous human diseases(Hipp et al.,2019).
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Nos. Y2008B35 and ZR2010BQ002)the Star Youth Science and Technology Plans Project of Ji’nan City (No. 20110103)
文摘An EPDDMAC-GE polymer （hydrophilic molecule） has been synthesized based on epoxypropyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride （EPDDMAC） and gelatin. A DEEPSAC-GE polymer （hydrophobic molecule） has been synthesized based on diethyl-2,3-epoxypropyl-[3-methyldimethoxyl] silpropyl ammonium chloride （DEEPSAC） and gelatin. Compared with initial gelatin, the gelatin modified with quaternary ammonium salts containing epoxide groups exhibits stronger antibacterial activity.
文摘Direct hydroxylation of benzene catalyzed by vanadium-con- taining heteropoly compounds with Keggin or Dawson structure has been investigated.The effects of several factors upon the hydroxylation reaction have also been examined.It is indicated that the highest yield of phenol reached 76%(based on H_2O_(?))with 99.4～100% selectivity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The polysiloxane containing propylene carbonate side group and several lithium poly-meric salts were synthesized. The structure were confirmed by IR, NMR and XPS. Theblending systems of polysiloxane containing propylene carbonate group with different lithiumpolymeric salts were studied by ion conductivity XPS and DSC. Different lithium poly-meric salts in the blending system lead to conductivity arranged in the following sequence:poly(lithium ethylenebenzene sulfonate methylsiloxane)>poly(lithium propionate methyl-siloxane)>poly(lithium propylsulfonate methylsiloxane)>poly(lithium styrenesulfonate).In the blending system the best single ion conductivity was close to 10^(-5) Scm^(-1) at roomtemperature. XPS showed that at low lithium salt concentration the conductivity increasedwith the increasing content of lithium salt, in consequence of the increase of free ion andsolvent separated ion pair. At high lithium salt concentration the free ion was absent andthe solvent-separated ion pair functioned as carrier.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21702153 and 21801194).
文摘A stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymer network has been constructed based on the host-vip interactions between the copolymer poly-P[5]A with pendent pillararene units and bis(sulfonium)diction vip G2.The formation mechanism of the supramolecular polymer network has been explored by the intensive study.With the addition of the competitive molecules and heating,the supramolecular polymer network could be dissociated and lead to clear changes in NMR spectroscopy and viscosity property.
文摘The rising need for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems has led to increased interest in the use of advanced electrolytes consisting of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) and ionic liquids(ILs).These electrolytes are appealing candidates for supercapacitors,next-generation lithium-ion batteries,and different energy storage systems because of their special features including non-flammability,low volatility,lowtoxicity,good electrochemical stability,and good thermal and chemical stability.This review explores the advantages of the proposed electrolytes by examining their potential to address the critical challenges in lithium battery technology,including safety concerns,energy density limitations,and operational stability.To achieve this,a comprehensive overview of the lithium salts commonly employed in rechargeable lithium battery electrolytes is presented.Moreover,key physicochemical and functional attributes of ILs and DESs,such as electrochemical stability,ionic conductivity,nonflammability,and viscosity are also discussed with a focus on how these features impact battery performance.The integration of lithium salts with ILs and DESs in modern lithium battery technologies,including lithium-ion(Li-ion) batteries,lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2)) batteries,and lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries,are further examined in the study.Various electrochemical performance metrics including cycling stability,charge/discharge profiles,retention capacity and battery's couiombic efficiency(CE) are also analyzed for the above-mentioned systems.By summarizing recent advances and challenges,this review also highlights the potential of electrolytes consisting of DESs and ILs to enhance energy density,durability,and safety in future energy storage applications.Additionally future research directions,including the molecular optimization of ILs and DESs,optimizing lithium salt compositions,and developing scalable synthesis methods to accelerate their practical implementation in next-generation energy storage applications are also explored.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160762 and No.82460783Guangxi Medical University“Four New”Project,No.SX202403+2 种基金Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.JGY2023068Guangxi Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project,No.2022JGA146China Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,No.202310598045.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is at the forefront of the global spectrum of cancer incidence and mortality,with conventional therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors limited by resistance.Recent studies have highlighted the promising anticancer effects of nitidine chloride(NC)against HCC.SAC3 domain containing 1(SAC3D1)is critical for centrosome replication and spindle formation.However,research on SAC3D1 in HCC and NC remains limited.AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying SAC3D1’s role in HCC progression and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic target of NC.METHODS RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)identified SAC3D1 expression changes in HCC cells after NC treatment.Molecular docking was further employed to validate the direct binding between NC and SAC3D1.Additionally,HCC multicenter data(The Cancer Genome Atlas_GTEx,ArrayExpress),pathway analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and SAC3D1 in vitro knockdown experiments were integrated to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying SAC3D1's involvement in HCC progression.RESULTS RNA-seq showed that NC treatment significantly downregulated SAC3D1 expression[log2(fold change)=-0.95,P<0.05],with molecular docking revealing that NC directly bound to SAC3D1 proteins(binding energy:-9.7 kcal/mol).Enrichment analysis showed that most pathways were closely related to the cell cycle.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that SAC3D1 and cell cycle genes were significantly positively correlated(correlation coefficient≥0.3,P<0.05).SAC3D1 knockdown inhibited HCC cell invasion,migration,and proliferation by arresting cells in the S and G2/M phases.Flow cytometry confirmed that after SAC3D1 knockdown,the early and total apoptosis percentage of HCC cells decreased,while the late apoptosis percentage increased.CONCLUSION As a potential target of NC,SAC3D1 may inhibit HCC progression through cell cycle regulation following its downregulation by NC.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22478117)。
文摘A synthetic method for heteroatom-bridged cyclic diaryliodonium salts by using ortho-substituted functionalized diaryliodonium salts is presented.Coumarin skeleton was also incorporated into cyclic diaryliodonium salts.UV-Visible absorption of these cyclic diaryliodonium salts was performed to demonstrate their potential applications in photo-chemistry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82104412(to TD)Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program,No.2023-YBSF-165(to TD)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Department of Science and Technology,No.2018JM7022(to FM)Shaanxi Provincial Key Industry Chain Project,No.2021ZDLSF04-11(to PW)。
文摘The functional and structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the brain microenvironment;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the blood-brain barrier remain poorly understood.The major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A has been identified as a key regulator of blood-brain barrier function.It plays a critical role in promoting and maintaining the formation and functional stability of the blood-brain barrier,in addition to the transport of lipids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,across the blood-brain barrier.Furthermore,an increasing number of studies have suggested that major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A is involved in the molecular mechanisms of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in a variety of neurological diseases;however,little is known regarding the mechanisms by which major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A affects the blood-brain barrier.This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the close relationship between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins and the blood-brain barrier,including their basic structures and functions,cross-linking between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A and the blood-brain barrier,and the in-depth studies on lipid transport and the regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability.This comprehensive systematic review contributes to an in-depth understanding of the important role of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins in maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the research progress to date.This will not only help to elucidate the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,improve the accuracy of laboratory diagnosis,and optimize clinical treatment strategies,but it may also play an important role in prognostic monitoring.In addition,the effects of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A on blood-brain barrier leakage in various diseases and the research progress on cross-blood-brain barrier drug delivery are summarized.This review may contribute to the development of new approaches for the treatment of neurological diseases.
基金Science and Technology Program Project of Gansu Province(21ZD3GB001)。
文摘The effects of different aging processes on the precipitated phase,mechanical properties,molten salt corrosion resistance and post-weld microstructure of 347H stainless steel were studied.The results show that a large number of precipitated phases appear in the crystal after aging at 700℃for 400 h.After aging for 3000 h,the number of precipitated phases increases and most of them are gathered at the grain boundaries.There are two forms of precipitates,one is the coarse precipitate rich in Cr,and the other is the smaller precipitates mainly consisting of NbC.After aging at 700℃for 30 min,the yield strength and tensile strength of the samples at room temperature and 593℃increase,but the elongation decreases.The corrosion results in nitrate at 565℃show that the corrosion products of the aged samples are the same as that of the original samples,which are Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),MgCr_(2)O_(4),MgFe_(2)O_(4),FeCr_(2)O_(4) and NaFeO_(2).The proportion of Fe_(3)O_(4) that is dense and well bonded to the subtrate in the original sample is higher than that in the aged sample,so the corrosion resistance is better.At 700℃,the aging time has no obvious effect on the microstructure after welding.
基金financially supported by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents, China (No. BX2021327)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22206194 and U2267222)+1 种基金the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2023J337)the Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme, China (No. 2 021A-161-G)。
文摘Herein, the electrochemical behaviors of Sr on inert W electrode and reactive Zn/Al electrodes were systematically investig-ated in LiCl–KCl–SrCl2molten salts at 773 K using various electrochemical methods. The chemical reaction potentials of Li and Sr on re-active Zn/Al electrodes were determined. We observed that Sr could be extracted by decreasing the activity of the deposited metal Sr onthe reactive electrode, although the standard reduction potential of Sr(II)/Sr was more negative than that of Li(I)/Li. The electrochemicalextraction products of Sr on reactive Zn and Al electrodes were Zn13Sr and Al4Sr, respectively, with no codeposition of Li observed.Based on the density functional theory calculations, both Zn13Sr and Al4Sr were identified as stable intermetallic compounds with Zn-/Al-rich phases. In LiCl–KCl molten salt containing 3wt% SrCl2, the coulombic efficiency of Sr in the Zn electrode was ~54%. The depolar-ization values for Sr on Zn and Al electrodes were 0.864 and 0.485 V, respectively, exhibiting a stronger chemical interaction between Znand Sr than between Al and Sr. This study suggests that using reactive electrodes can facilitate extraction of Sr accumulated while elec-trorefining molten salts, thereby enabling the purification and reuse of the salt and decreasing the volume of the nuclear waste.
文摘In order to find the optimal anions and cations for designing energetic salts with excellent detonation properties,the properties of 140 salts formed from the anions(A–G)of 3,3′-dinitroamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan(DAAF)derivatives substituted with the—NH_(2),—N_(3) or—NO_(2) group and the cations(1–20)of guanidine,triazole,or tetrazole derivatives were investigated by means of density-functional theory.The predicted densities,heats of formation,detonation velocities(D),and detonation pressures(P)of 140 salts were 11.72 to 2.06 g·cm ^(−3),570.2 to 2333.4 kJ·mol^(−1),8.29 to 10.02 km·s^(−1) and 30.16 to 47.57 GPa,respectively.Most of the salts had better detonation properties than the widely used hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX).Salts containing—NO_(2) group anions(C and F)have better detonation properties(D is 8.88 to 10.02 km·s^(−1) and P is 35.75 to 47.75 GPa)than other salts.Salts containing the cations NH_(4)^(+)(1),NH_(3)OH^(+)(2)and CH_(2)N_(4)NO_(2)^(+)(20)had good detonation properties(D is 9.38 to 10.02 km·s^(−1) and P is 40.72 to 47.75 GPa).Depending on the detonation properties,anions(C and F)and cations(1,2 and 20)are the recommended ions for the generation of energetic salts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Grant No.22209075。
文摘Single crystalline nickel rich Li[Ni_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x–y)]O_(2)(SCNCM)layered oxide cathodes show higher ionic conductivity and better structure integrity than polycrystalline NCM(PCNCM)cathodes by eliminating grain boundaries.However,it remains challenges in the controlled synthesis process and restricted cycling stability of SCNCM.Herein,take single crystalline nickel rich Li[Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)]O_(2)(SC811)as an example,a dual molten salts(LiOH and Li_(2)SO_(4))assisted secondary calcination method is proposed,for which LiOH salt improves primary crystal size and Li_(2)SO_(4)prevents the aggravation of NCM nanocrystals.To further reduce the interfacial side reactions,Mg-doping and B-coating surface modification was carried out,which effectively suppress anisotropic lattice changes and Li/Ni disorder.In addition,a thin and uniform H_(3)BO_(3)coating effectively prevents direct contact between the electrode and electrolyte,thus reducing harmful parasitic reactions.The single crystal structure engineering and surface modification strategy of oxide layered cathodes significantly improve the cycling stability of the modified SC811 cathode.For example,during a long-term cycling of 470 cycles,a high-capacity retention of 74.2%obtained at 1C rate.Our work provides a new strategy for engineering high energy nickel rich layered oxide NCM cathodes.
基金support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379166)Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province(2022JJ10089)Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD034).
文摘Within the framework of carbon neutrality,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are progressively booming along with the growing utilization of green and clean energy.However,the extensive application of LIBs with limited lifespan has brought about a significant recycling dilemma.The traditional hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical strategies are not capable to maximize the output value of spent LIBs and minimize the potential environmental hazards.Herein,to alternate the tedious and polluting treatment processes,we propose a high-temperature molten-salt strategy to directly regenerate spent cathodes of LIBs,which can also overcome the barrier of the incomplete defects'restoration with previous low-temperature molten salts.The high-energy and stable medium environment ensures a more thorough and efficient relithiation reaction,and simultaneously provides sufficient driving force for atomic rearrangement and grains secondary growth.In consequence,the regenerated ternary cathode(R-NCM)exhibits significantly enhanced structural stability that effectively suppresses the occurrence of cracks and harmful side reactions.The R-NCM delivers excellent cycling stability,retaining 81.2%of its capacity after 200 cycles at 1 C.This technique further optimizes the traditional eutectic molten-salt approach,broadening its applicability and improving regenerated cathode performance across a wider range of conditions.
基金Project(2022QNRC001) supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and TechnologyProject supported by the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,China。
文摘In this investigation,we examined the high-temperature corrosion behavior of three nickel-based single-crystal superalloys subjected to a mixed molten salt environment of Na_(2)SO_(4)and NaCl at 700℃,leading to a preliminary elucidation of their molten salt corrosion mechanisms.By further comparing the corrosion degree of the three nickel-based single-crystal superalloys combined with the Gibbs free energy calculation of the corrosion products,the influence of alloying elements on the corrosion performance of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys was analyzed.It was established that the corrosion mechanism of these nickel-based single-crystal superalloys predominantly involves a cyclic process of oxide layer formation and decomposition,ultimately resulting in the establishment of a protective layer principally composed of NiO,with a constantly regenerating Al2O3 barrier,impeding further alloy degradation.Furthermore,the inclusion of elements such as Cr,Al,Ta,and notably Re has been found to markedly improve the thermal corrosion resistance of the superalloys.These insights not only enhance our comprehension of the corrosion mechanisms pertinent to nickel-based superalloys,but also provide strategic directions for alloy composition refinement aimed at bolstering their corrosion resilience.
基金Project(2023YFC3707800)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China。
文摘In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still needs to be further improved.In this work,general analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional diffusion of degradable organic contaminant(DOC)in the multi-layered media containing geomembranes under a time-varying concentration boundary condition,where the variable substitution and separated variable approaches are employed.These analytical solutions with clear expressions can be used not only to study the diffusion behaviors of DOC in bottom and vertical composite barrier systems,but also to verify other complex numerical models.The proposed general analytical solutions are then fully validated via three comparative analyses,including comparisons with the experimental measurements,an existing analytical solution,and a finite-difference solution.Ultimately,the influences of different factors on the composite cutoff wall’s(CCW,which consists of two soil-bentonite layers and a geomembrane)service performance are investigated through a composite vertical barrier system as the application example.The findings obtained from this investigation can provide scientific guidance for the barrier performance evaluation and the engineering design of CCWs.This application example also exhibits the necessity and effectiveness of the developed analytical solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52200143,51979011 and 52276208)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFB546)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(Nos.CKSF2023302/CL and CKSF2023314/CL).
文摘Carbon-based materials have been widely applied for pollutant removal relying on their rich pore structure,functional groups,chemical stability,and expandability.However,the traditional manufacturing process of carbon materials based on organic compounds pyrolysis is high energy-consuming and high-emission,which is not conducive to addressing the climate crisis and achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.Molten salt electrolysis technology enables the direct capture and reduction of CO_(2)to produce solid carbon,resulting in significant environmental benefits while achieving carbon emissions reduction.The molten salt also has a purification function,enabling the production of high-purity carbon materials.The kinetics of the electrochemical reduction process can be easily controlled,and the co-reduction of multiple elements provides convenience for the in-situ optimization of carbon material structure and the expansion of its applications.Therefore,this review focuses on the thermodynamics&kinetics processes of molten salt capture and electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to prepare carbon materials.It further reviews the recent research progress on the preparation of carbon materials for pollutant removal based on molten salt electrochemical processes for the first time.Finally,we analyze the advantages and challenges of the current molten salt electrochemical processes and offers prospects for future research directions.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070133,42107073,42477075)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2024NSFSC0130)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFTD0014)Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Prevention Control and Resource Reuse(No.2023SSY02061)Key R&D Program of Heilongjiang Province(No.2023ZX02C01)。
文摘Low-valent sulfur oxy-acid salts(LVSOs)represent a category of oxygen-containing salts characterized by their potent reducing capabilities.Notably,sulfite,dithionite,and thiosulfate are prevalent reducing agents that are readily available,cost-effective,and exhibit minimal ecological toxicity.These LVSOs have the ability to generate or promote the generation of strong oxidants or reductants,which makes them widely used in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)and advanced reduction processes(ARPs).This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in AOPs and ARPs involving LVSOs,alongside an examination of the fundamental principles governing the generation of active species within these processes.LVSOs fulfill three primary functions in AOPs:Serving as sources of reactive oxygen species(ROS),auxiliary agents,and activators.Particular attention is devoted to elucidating the reaction mechanisms through which LVSOs,in conjunction with metal ions,metal oxides,ultraviolet light(UV),and ozone,produce potent oxidizing agents in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.Regarding ARPs,this review delineates the mechanisms by which LVSOs generate strong reducing agents,including hydrated electrons,hydrogen radicals,and sulfite radicals,under UV irradiation,while also exploring the interactions between these reductants and pollutants.The review identifies existing gaps within the current framework and proposes future research avenues to address these challenges.
