The solvation of carbon dioxide in sea water plays an important role in the carbon circle and the world climate. The salting-out/salting-in mechanism of CO2 in electrolyte solutions still remains elusive at molecule l...The solvation of carbon dioxide in sea water plays an important role in the carbon circle and the world climate. The salting-out/salting-in mechanism of CO2 in electrolyte solutions still remains elusive at molecule level. The ability of ion salting-out/salting-in CO2 in electrolyte solution follows Hofmeister Series and the change of water mobility induced by salts can be predicted by the viscosity B-coefficients. In this work, the chemical potential of carbon dioxide and the dynamic properties of water in aqueous NaCl, KF and NaClO4 solutions are calculated and analyzed. According to the viscosity B-coefficients, NaClO4 （0.012） should salt out the carbon dioxide relative to in pure water, but the opposite effect is observed for it. Our simulation results suggest that the salting-in effect of NaClO4 is due to the strongly direct anion-CO2 interaction. The inconsistency between＂ Hofmeister Series and the viscosity B-coefficient suggests that it is not always right to indicate whether a salt belongs to salting-in or salting-out just from these properties of the salt solution in the absence of solute.展开更多
Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids （NLs）, phospholipids （PLs） and free fatty acids （FFAs） from intramuscular fat （IMF）, lipid oxidation and lipase activity in muscle Semimembranosus （SM） and msucle Bic...Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids （NLs）, phospholipids （PLs） and free fatty acids （FFAs） from intramuscular fat （IMF）, lipid oxidation and lipase activity in muscle Semimembranosus （SM） and msucle Biceps femoris （BF） of dry-cured Xuanwei ham during the 90-d salting stages were analysed. The salt content increased from 0.34 to 3.52%in BF and from 0.10 to 5.42%in SM during the 90 d salting stage, respectively. PLs of IMF in both BF and SM decreased 54.70%（P〈0.001） and 34.64%（P〈0.05）, furthermore, the saturated fatty acids （SFA）, monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） and polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） of PLs in both muscles were hydrolysed almost isochronously. FFAs were increased from 0.46 g 100 g-1 lipids to 2.92 g 100 g-1 lipids in BF at the end of salting, which was lower than SM （from 1.29 g 100 g-1 lipids to 9.70 g 100 g-1 lipids）. The activities of acid lipase, neutral lipase and acid phospholipase all remained active in the 90 d. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） was slowly increased to 1.34 mg kg-1 muscle in BF and to 2.44 mg kg-1 muscle in SM during the salting stage. In conclusion, the controlled salting process prompted the hydrolysis of PLs of IMF notably and increased the lipid oxidation of muscles within some limits.展开更多
Salting is a traditional process to preserve food,while news species have been salted showing good results.However,salt accelerates lipid oxidation,influencing shelf-life of salted products.Using of antioxidants incre...Salting is a traditional process to preserve food,while news species have been salted showing good results.However,salt accelerates lipid oxidation,influencing shelf-life of salted products.Using of antioxidants increases salted and/or desalted products shelf-life.Among the antioxidants employed in food industry spices have shown satisfactory results.In this work aqueous basil extract(Ocimunbasilicum)in pintachara salt was used.Pintachara is a hybrid of pintado and cachara(genus Pseudoplatystoma)whose flesh is much appreciated,being desirable to develop new product of this fish.The aqueous basil extract was used in a brine salt,and process was carried out with a control treatment.Samples were obtained during salting in 1,14,24,36,48 hours.In each sample period it analyzed moisture,water activity,salt content e TBARS.The aqueous basil extract interfered in salting processes and showed antioxidant action in this process.Practical applications:Brazilian consumers appreciate salted fish,as influence of Portuguese culture.There are some typical regional products,such as the pantaneiro cod,which consists on catfish from Pantanal that is salted as cod.The development of hybrids from native fishes in aquaculture leads to higher lipid content in the hybrids and the addition of natural antioxidants during salting process increases the product shelf-life and keeps the sensorial properties.展开更多
Changes in lipids in light salt dry-curing(LSD)grass carp muscle stored at 4℃for 15 days were investigated to clarify the effect of LSD on lipid transformation.A total of 1265 lipid molecules from 35 subclasses were ...Changes in lipids in light salt dry-curing(LSD)grass carp muscle stored at 4℃for 15 days were investigated to clarify the effect of LSD on lipid transformation.A total of 1265 lipid molecules from 35 subclasses were identified in the grass carp muscle.LSD promoted lipid conversion in early cold stage(0-6 days)but inhibited it later(6-15 days).Phosphatidylethanolamine(16:1e/22:6),phosphatidylcholine(16:0/20:4)and triacylglycerol(18:0/16:0/20:4)might be biomarkers of inhibited lipid corruption.The metabolisms of glycerophospholipid,fatty acids and arachidonic acid were crucial in restraining lipid transformations.Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in LSD-pretreated muscle were significantly increased.LSD significantly increased acid lipase and phospholipase activities during early cold stage,but this effect decreased with refrigeration time.The lipid profile of LSD-pretreated grass carp muscle showed no significant change on day 15 of refrigeration.Consequently,LSD inhibited the lipid degradation of grass carp muscle during extended cold storage.展开更多
Polymer composite fibers with superior properties such as excellent combined strength and toughness and biocompatibility can be used in high-tech applications of braided protective devices and smart wearable,however t...Polymer composite fibers with superior properties such as excellent combined strength and toughness and biocompatibility can be used in high-tech applications of braided protective devices and smart wearable,however the research of high-performance polymer composite fiber remains in the infant stage.Here we present a strategy to produce strong and tough anisotropic polymer nanocomposite fibers with orientedly aligned salt rods using mechanical stretching-assisted salting-out treatment.The prepared nanocomposite fibers have a tensile strength of up to 786±2.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 81%,and the anisotropic fibers exhibit good transmission of mechanical vibration in the longitudinal direction with high resolution.During the fabrication process,the salt builds up into oriented rods during the directional salting process,and the polymer is confined to the 150 nm domain between the rods after the solvent is completely evaporated,giving the nanocomposite fibers superior mechanical properties.The presented strategy can be applied to the continuous mass production of nanocomposite fibers and is also generalizable to other polymer nanocomposites,which could extend the applicability of nanocomposite fibers to conditions involving more demanding mechanical loading and mechanical vibration transmission.展开更多
To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated ...To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.展开更多
In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride ...In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride molten salt as the reaction medium at 923 K.The study assessed the effects of lithium thermochemical reduction and electrolytic reduction of ZnO.The volatilization behavior of metal oxides in molten salts,the equivalent of a reducing agent,reduction time,amount of molten salt,stirring time,and the method of reduction feed were investigated for their impacts on the reduction yield and product composition.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)analysis of the products showed that lithium reduction of ZnO not only produced metallic Zn but also formed a LiZn alloy.Electrolytic reduction can be used to obtain the metallic Zn product by controlling the potential below-2.2 V(vs Ag/Ag^(+)).Moreover,sintered oxides and higher electrode potentials could enhance the efficiency of electrolysis.Under the optimal reaction conditions determined experimentally,the lithium reduction experiment achieved a yield of 77.2%after a 12-h test,and the electrolytic reduction reached a yield of 85.4%after a 6-h test.展开更多
In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by e...In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(E_(corr)=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(I_(corr)=1.991×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2)),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr_(2)O_(3)content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.展开更多
Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistan...Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistance to salt stress.In this study,we used corn steep liquor(CSL),myo-inositol(MI),and their combination to improve salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)under salt stress conditions.All three treatments significantly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake,and improved soil physicochemical properties,while alleviating oxidative damage and ion toxicity.展开更多
Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-os...Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-osphb2 line exhibited wider leaves,dwarfism,and shorter panicles.Subcellular localization results indicated that OsPHB2 localizes to mitochondria.Under salt stress conditions,cr-osphb2 exhibited enhanced tolerance.Haplotype(Hap)analysis identified three major Haps(Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3)of OsPHB2,among which Hap2 was associated with a greater number of effective panicles and higher yield,indicating its potential value for breeding applications.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that OsPHB2 plays an important role in regulating growth,development,and salt stress responses in rice.展开更多
Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration r...Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration responsive element-binding(DREB) factor family members.However, they are rarely studied in watermelon. In this study, we identified ClaDREB gene family members in watermelon based on whole genome data;analyzed the physicochemical properties, evolution, and phylogeny;and studied their expression patterns under salt stress in two watermelon varieties with varying salt tolerance. In total, 57 DREB family members were identified in watermelon, and most of them were located in the nucleus. ClaDREBs were divided into six subgroups Ⅰ-Ⅵ. The promoter region of ClaDREBs from subgroup Ⅱ contained many defense-related and stress responsive elements. Among them, ClaDREB14 was significantly upregulated by salt stress and exhibited differential expression in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Moreover, overexpression of ClaDREB14 in watermelon roots significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants;mainly, it significantly increased the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT and significantly reduced MDA content.However, the results from gene-edited watermelon roots obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 vectors showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ClaDREB14 directly binds to the cis-acting element ACCGAC in the promoter region of ClaPOD6 and promotes its expression.Therefore, ClaDREB14 may enhance salt tolerance by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in watermelon roots. This study provided valuable information on the DREB gene family in watermelon and laid the foundation for future functional validation and genetic engineering applications.展开更多
The genetic basis of early-stage salt tolerance in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),a key factor limiting its productivity,remains poorly understood.To dissect this complex trait,we integrate genome-wide association studie...The genetic basis of early-stage salt tolerance in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),a key factor limiting its productivity,remains poorly understood.To dissect this complex trait,we integrate genome-wide association studies(GWAS)and transcriptomics from 176 accessions within a machine learning based genomic prediction framework.Analysis reveals weak genetic correlations among four salt-tolerance traits and a gradual decline in performance under increasing salt stress.GWAS identify 60 significant associated SNPs,with the highest number detected under 100 mM salt stress.Salt tolerance exhibits an additive effect from favorable haplotypes,which are most abundant in Chinese accessions.GWAS-associated genes are related to key regulators of hormone signaling and osmotic adjustment,while transcriptome analysis indicates a global repression of stress-responsive transcription factors.Integrating these multi-omics datasets allows us to identify 14 candidate genes,including MsHSD1(seed dormancy)and MsMTATP6(energy metabolism).Crucially,incorporating these markers into genomic prediction models improve cross-population predictive accuracy to an average of 54.4%.This study provides insights into the genetic architecture of salt tolerance in alfalfa and offers valuable markers to facilitate molecular breeding.展开更多
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practica...Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practical strategies to enhance seedling establishment and early vigor under saline conditions is therefore essential.In this study,we compared two seed-priming agents-1 mM proline and 25 mM NaCl-under identical hydroponic conditions to elucidate tissue-specific responses to 25 mM NaCl stress.Proline priming significantly improved shoot length(by~23%),total chlorophyll content(by~19%),and ascorbate peroxidase(ASPOX)activity.In contrast,NaCl priming enhanced root biomass retention(by~38%)and peroxidase(POD)activity under salinity stress.Both priming treatments induced higher proline accumulation and antioxidant capacity,though with tissue-specific effects:proline favored aboveground resilience,while NaCl strengthened root ionic and oxidative balance.These findings highlight the complementary nature of proline and NaCl priming and support the concept of stress“memory,”whereby plants acquire enhanced readiness to cope with salinity.Integrating such priming strategies into chickpea cultivation could contribute to improved yield stability and sustainability in saline agroecosystems.展开更多
During drilling process,the water phase in drilling fluids infiltrates rock fractures through capillary action.The surface wettability of dolomite is governed by multiple factors,resulting in an unstable wetting state...During drilling process,the water phase in drilling fluids infiltrates rock fractures through capillary action.The surface wettability of dolomite is governed by multiple factors,resulting in an unstable wetting state.Studies have shown that altering the surface wettability of reservoir rocks to an intermediate wetting state can effectively reduce the damage of drilling fluids to oil and gas reservoirs and improve oil and gas recovery.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a reservoir protectant to prevent the water phase in the drilling fluid from intruding into the oil and gas reservoirs.Given this,a modified polysiloxane was synthesized to alter the surface wettability of dolomite.Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D^(H)_(4))and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D_(4))were ring-opened copolymerized to obtain the hydrogencontaining polysiloxane,which in turn reacted with unsaturated hydrocarbons to obtain the modified polysiloxane.The ability of reservoir protectants to regulate the surface wettability of dolomite under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions was tested.The experimental results show that the reservoir protectant is able to alter the wettability of the dolomite surface to an intermediate wetting state by adsorption on the rock surface even after 16 h of aging at 240℃ and 15% salt concentration.展开更多
Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In...Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In this study,we investigated the protective role of exogenous myo-inositol in rapeseed under salinity stress.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous application of 20μM myo-inositol significantly alleviates salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.Myo-inositol effectively mitigated growth inhibition,maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic activity,and stabilized membrane integrity under salt stress.Physiological and molecular evidence indicated that myo-inositol activates the antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),thereby reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation.Notably,myoinositol triggered a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy by increasing Na+accumulation,associated with the upregulation of BnHKT1 and downregulation of vacuolar BnNHX homologs.Concurrently,myo-inositol stimulated proline biosynthesis for osmotic adjustment.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis showed that myo-inositol finetunes the expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense,osmotic adjustment,and stress signaling.These findings demonstrate that myo-inositol enhances rapeseed salt tolerance through an integrated mechanism involving antioxidant activation,transcriptional reprogramming,and a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy,establishing its potential as an effective biostimulant for saline agriculture.展开更多
This study investigates the facies development and sedimentology of the Late Permian Chhidru Formation,a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic unit exposed in the Western Salt Range,Potwar Basin,Pakistan.The formation is subd...This study investigates the facies development and sedimentology of the Late Permian Chhidru Formation,a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic unit exposed in the Western Salt Range,Potwar Basin,Pakistan.The formation is subdivided into four lithological units reflecting lateral variability,with thicknesses and lithologies ranging from fossiliferous sandy limestone to interbedded limestone and sandstone.These successions record a depositional shift from a carbonate platform to mixed carbonate-clastic,and ultimately,clastic-dominated environments.Lithostratigraphy suggests deposition on the underlying Wargal Limestone carbonates during a Late Permian sea-level fall on the northwest Indian margin of Gondwana.Similar Permian successions with identical lithological characteristics are documented in the Persian Gulf(Dalan Formation),Arabian Platform(Khuff Formation),and Iran(Nesen and Hambust formations).Petrographic analysis reveals deposition in the distal middle to proximal inner shelf settings of a carbonate-siliciclastic mixed,unrimmed platform.Based on identified foraminiferal assemblages,the Chhidru Formation's age is estimated to range from the late Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian stages of the Lopingian epoch.展开更多
Understanding the underlying mechanism that enhances the separation of specific target ions from complex background aqueous solutions is crucial for achieving controllable chemical reactions and industrial purificatio...Understanding the underlying mechanism that enhances the separation of specific target ions from complex background aqueous solutions is crucial for achieving controllable chemical reactions and industrial purification processes in modern industries.This study investigated the enhanced kinetic separatio n of target metal ions from complex aqueous solutio ns at a liquid-liquid interface,focusing on the presence of coexisting salt cations.Employing a typical thin-layer organic oil film(TOOF)extraction as a model system,the research examines how background Al^(3+)ions influence the mass transfer and separation of ions.Notably,the co ncentration of Al^(3+)ions affects both the distribution of Er^(3+)ions at the oil-water interface and the arrangement and orientation of P507 extractant molecules through the formation of unique hydrogen-bonding interactions.These interactions influence the selectivity of mass transfer,facilitating the separation of Er^(3+)from Al^(3+)ions.Specifically,the hydration shell of Er^(3+)ions is disrupted due to the strong hydration capability of coexisting Al^(3+)ions,leading to a higher interfacial concentration of Er^(3+)ions and a more ordered interfacial orientation of P507 molecules.At lower concentrations of Al^(3+)ions,the diffusion rate of Er^(3+)ions near the interface is high,enhancing the sepa ration perfo rmance of these ions.In contrast,at higher concentrations of Al^(3+)ions,the competitive hydration by Al^(3+)ions increases,and the interfacial concentration of Er^(3+)ions decreases due to enhanced diffusion resistance,resulting in poorer separation performance.Furthermore,a thinner membrane is more effective than a thicker one in enriching target Er^(3+)ions at the interface and achieving an ordered interfacial orientation of P507 molecules,thereby enhancing the separation coefficient(β_(Er/Al)).This work provides novel insights into the behaviors of ions and extractants at oil-wate r interface and the kinetic separation selectivity under varying concentrations of coexisting salt cations.展开更多
The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to ...The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to elucidate the role of Middle-Lower Triassic evaporite layers in shaping basin structures,focusing on Xinchang Tectonic Zone(XTZ).Salt layers facilitated decoupled deformation between supra-and sub-salt sequences,forming salt pillows and fault-related folds.Three distinct structural trends were identified in XTZ.Key findings reveal that salt thickness variations correlate with deformation styles:thicker salt promoted detachment folding,while thinner salt led to hard-linked fault systems.Sub-salt E-NE trending reverse faults formed horsetail terminations associated with the Pengzhou faults(PzF),deviating from the primary Longmenshan thrust belt(LmsTB)orientation.Structural evolution occurred in three stages:(1)Indosinian salt deposition and foreland basin initiation;(2)Yanshanian eastward propagation of thrust systems with salt-driven detachment folding;(3)Himalayan reactivation overprinting earlier structures with sub-NS trending folds.This work establishes a direct link between salt layers and structural traps,demonstrating how salt acted as a critical detachment layer during multi-stage compression.Results provide insights into the gas exploration of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation,emphasizing the importance of salt-influenced deformation in foreland basin systems.展开更多
Knowing the precise relationship between fuel loading and reactivity is essential for guiding reactor criticality extrapolation and online refueling in molten salt reactors(MSRs).This study aims to explore and explain...Knowing the precise relationship between fuel loading and reactivity is essential for guiding reactor criticality extrapolation and online refueling in molten salt reactors(MSRs).This study aims to explore and explain the linear relationship between reactivity and the reciprocal of uranium concentration in thermal-spectrum MSRs.By applying neutron balance theory,we analyzed the neutron absorption cross sections of various nuclides in single-lattice models with varying fuel concentrations.Our findings reveal a simple linear correlation between reactivity and the reciprocal of uranium concentration,which can be explained from the perspective of nuclear reaction cross sections that adhere to the 1/v law in the thermal neutron spectrum.Furthermore,we identified that the neutron absorption single-group cross sections of structural materials and carrier salts exhibit an approximately linear relationship with the fission single-group cross section of ^(235) U;similarly,the reciprocal of ^(235)U’s fission cross section exhibits an approximately linear relationship with uranium concentration.This linear relationship deviates as the volume fraction of molten salt increases,due to a greater proportion of neutrons being captured in the resonance energy spectrum.However,it remains valid for molten salt volume fractions up to 25%and demonstrates broad applicability in the physical design and operation of thermal molten salt reactors.展开更多
The deuterium labeling has garnered significant interest in drug discovery due to its critical role on improving pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties.However,despite its pharmaceutical value,the general and rapid ...The deuterium labeling has garnered significant interest in drug discovery due to its critical role on improving pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties.However,despite its pharmaceutical value,the general and rapid syntheses of aromatic scaffolds that contains deuterium remain an important yet elusive task.State-of-the-art approaches mainly relied on the transition metal-catalyzed C-H deuteration via the assistance of directing groups(DGs),which often suffered from over-deuteration and lengthy step counts required for installation and/or removal of DG.Herein,we report a generalizable synthetic linchpin strategy for the facile preparation of the ortho-deuterated aromatic core.Through capture of aryne-derived 1,3-zwitterion with heavy water,we synthesized an array of ortho-deuterated aryl sulfonium salts.These novel linchpins not only participated the transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction as nucleophiles,but also served as aryl radical reservoirs under photochemical or electrochemical conditions,enabling facile and precise access to structurally diverse deuterated aromatics.Moreover,we have disclosed a novel EDA complex enabled direct arylation of phosphines under visible-light irradiation,further expanding the utility of our platform approach.展开更多
文摘The solvation of carbon dioxide in sea water plays an important role in the carbon circle and the world climate. The salting-out/salting-in mechanism of CO2 in electrolyte solutions still remains elusive at molecule level. The ability of ion salting-out/salting-in CO2 in electrolyte solution follows Hofmeister Series and the change of water mobility induced by salts can be predicted by the viscosity B-coefficients. In this work, the chemical potential of carbon dioxide and the dynamic properties of water in aqueous NaCl, KF and NaClO4 solutions are calculated and analyzed. According to the viscosity B-coefficients, NaClO4 （0.012） should salt out the carbon dioxide relative to in pure water, but the opposite effect is observed for it. Our simulation results suggest that the salting-in effect of NaClO4 is due to the strongly direct anion-CO2 interaction. The inconsistency between＂ Hofmeister Series and the viscosity B-coefficient suggests that it is not always right to indicate whether a salt belongs to salting-in or salting-out just from these properties of the salt solution in the absence of solute.
基金financed by the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province(2009AD010)
文摘Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids （NLs）, phospholipids （PLs） and free fatty acids （FFAs） from intramuscular fat （IMF）, lipid oxidation and lipase activity in muscle Semimembranosus （SM） and msucle Biceps femoris （BF） of dry-cured Xuanwei ham during the 90-d salting stages were analysed. The salt content increased from 0.34 to 3.52%in BF and from 0.10 to 5.42%in SM during the 90 d salting stage, respectively. PLs of IMF in both BF and SM decreased 54.70%（P〈0.001） and 34.64%（P〈0.05）, furthermore, the saturated fatty acids （SFA）, monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） and polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） of PLs in both muscles were hydrolysed almost isochronously. FFAs were increased from 0.46 g 100 g-1 lipids to 2.92 g 100 g-1 lipids in BF at the end of salting, which was lower than SM （from 1.29 g 100 g-1 lipids to 9.70 g 100 g-1 lipids）. The activities of acid lipase, neutral lipase and acid phospholipase all remained active in the 90 d. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） was slowly increased to 1.34 mg kg-1 muscle in BF and to 2.44 mg kg-1 muscle in SM during the salting stage. In conclusion, the controlled salting process prompted the hydrolysis of PLs of IMF notably and increased the lipid oxidation of muscles within some limits.
文摘Salting is a traditional process to preserve food,while news species have been salted showing good results.However,salt accelerates lipid oxidation,influencing shelf-life of salted products.Using of antioxidants increases salted and/or desalted products shelf-life.Among the antioxidants employed in food industry spices have shown satisfactory results.In this work aqueous basil extract(Ocimunbasilicum)in pintachara salt was used.Pintachara is a hybrid of pintado and cachara(genus Pseudoplatystoma)whose flesh is much appreciated,being desirable to develop new product of this fish.The aqueous basil extract was used in a brine salt,and process was carried out with a control treatment.Samples were obtained during salting in 1,14,24,36,48 hours.In each sample period it analyzed moisture,water activity,salt content e TBARS.The aqueous basil extract interfered in salting processes and showed antioxidant action in this process.Practical applications:Brazilian consumers appreciate salted fish,as influence of Portuguese culture.There are some typical regional products,such as the pantaneiro cod,which consists on catfish from Pantanal that is salted as cod.The development of hybrids from native fishes in aquaculture leads to higher lipid content in the hybrids and the addition of natural antioxidants during salting process increases the product shelf-life and keeps the sensorial properties.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan Project(2022YFD2100904)the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(32260604)+2 种基金the Jiangxi Province Ganpo Juncai Support Plan(20232BCJ22021)the Earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)the Youth Fund Project of Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB215060)。
文摘Changes in lipids in light salt dry-curing(LSD)grass carp muscle stored at 4℃for 15 days were investigated to clarify the effect of LSD on lipid transformation.A total of 1265 lipid molecules from 35 subclasses were identified in the grass carp muscle.LSD promoted lipid conversion in early cold stage(0-6 days)but inhibited it later(6-15 days).Phosphatidylethanolamine(16:1e/22:6),phosphatidylcholine(16:0/20:4)and triacylglycerol(18:0/16:0/20:4)might be biomarkers of inhibited lipid corruption.The metabolisms of glycerophospholipid,fatty acids and arachidonic acid were crucial in restraining lipid transformations.Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in LSD-pretreated muscle were significantly increased.LSD significantly increased acid lipase and phospholipase activities during early cold stage,but this effect decreased with refrigeration time.The lipid profile of LSD-pretreated grass carp muscle showed no significant change on day 15 of refrigeration.Consequently,LSD inhibited the lipid degradation of grass carp muscle during extended cold storage.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2022YFA1503000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22161142021 and 22175010).
文摘Polymer composite fibers with superior properties such as excellent combined strength and toughness and biocompatibility can be used in high-tech applications of braided protective devices and smart wearable,however the research of high-performance polymer composite fiber remains in the infant stage.Here we present a strategy to produce strong and tough anisotropic polymer nanocomposite fibers with orientedly aligned salt rods using mechanical stretching-assisted salting-out treatment.The prepared nanocomposite fibers have a tensile strength of up to 786±2.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 81%,and the anisotropic fibers exhibit good transmission of mechanical vibration in the longitudinal direction with high resolution.During the fabrication process,the salt builds up into oriented rods during the directional salting process,and the polymer is confined to the 150 nm domain between the rods after the solvent is completely evaporated,giving the nanocomposite fibers superior mechanical properties.The presented strategy can be applied to the continuous mass production of nanocomposite fibers and is also generalizable to other polymer nanocomposites,which could extend the applicability of nanocomposite fibers to conditions involving more demanding mechanical loading and mechanical vibration transmission.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515010228)CATARC Automotive Inspection Center Excellent Engineer Program(2023B0909050007).
文摘To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.
文摘In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride molten salt as the reaction medium at 923 K.The study assessed the effects of lithium thermochemical reduction and electrolytic reduction of ZnO.The volatilization behavior of metal oxides in molten salts,the equivalent of a reducing agent,reduction time,amount of molten salt,stirring time,and the method of reduction feed were investigated for their impacts on the reduction yield and product composition.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)analysis of the products showed that lithium reduction of ZnO not only produced metallic Zn but also formed a LiZn alloy.Electrolytic reduction can be used to obtain the metallic Zn product by controlling the potential below-2.2 V(vs Ag/Ag^(+)).Moreover,sintered oxides and higher electrode potentials could enhance the efficiency of electrolysis.Under the optimal reaction conditions determined experimentally,the lithium reduction experiment achieved a yield of 77.2%after a 12-h test,and the electrolytic reduction reached a yield of 85.4%after a 6-h test.
基金Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Program(24ZDWA008)Fourth Batch of Top Leading Talents Fund Projects in Gansu Province(ZZ2023G50100013)。
文摘In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(E_(corr)=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(I_(corr)=1.991×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2)),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr_(2)O_(3)content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.
基金supported by the sub-project“Research and Application of In-Situ Value-Added Water-Soluble Fertilizer Application Technology”(Grant No.2023YFD1700204-3)under the 14th Five-Year National Key R&D Program Project“Development and Industrialization of Novel Green Value-Added Fertilizers”.
文摘Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistance to salt stress.In this study,we used corn steep liquor(CSL),myo-inositol(MI),and their combination to improve salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)under salt stress conditions.All three treatments significantly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake,and improved soil physicochemical properties,while alleviating oxidative damage and ion toxicity.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund Continuation Project,China(Grant No.LRG25C130002)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-CSCB-202402)+3 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LD24C130001)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(Grant No.2023ZD04066)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.Y2025YC96)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI).
文摘Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-osphb2 line exhibited wider leaves,dwarfism,and shorter panicles.Subcellular localization results indicated that OsPHB2 localizes to mitochondria.Under salt stress conditions,cr-osphb2 exhibited enhanced tolerance.Haplotype(Hap)analysis identified three major Haps(Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3)of OsPHB2,among which Hap2 was associated with a greater number of effective panicles and higher yield,indicating its potential value for breeding applications.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that OsPHB2 plays an important role in regulating growth,development,and salt stress responses in rice.
基金funded by grants fromthe China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region(Grant No.2023B02017)+3 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI,CAAS-ASTIP-2024-WRI)the Basic Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.1610192023201)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.252300421694)Joint Research on Agricultural Variety Improvement of Henan Province(Grant No.2022010503).
文摘Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration responsive element-binding(DREB) factor family members.However, they are rarely studied in watermelon. In this study, we identified ClaDREB gene family members in watermelon based on whole genome data;analyzed the physicochemical properties, evolution, and phylogeny;and studied their expression patterns under salt stress in two watermelon varieties with varying salt tolerance. In total, 57 DREB family members were identified in watermelon, and most of them were located in the nucleus. ClaDREBs were divided into six subgroups Ⅰ-Ⅵ. The promoter region of ClaDREBs from subgroup Ⅱ contained many defense-related and stress responsive elements. Among them, ClaDREB14 was significantly upregulated by salt stress and exhibited differential expression in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Moreover, overexpression of ClaDREB14 in watermelon roots significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants;mainly, it significantly increased the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT and significantly reduced MDA content.However, the results from gene-edited watermelon roots obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 vectors showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ClaDREB14 directly binds to the cis-acting element ACCGAC in the promoter region of ClaPOD6 and promotes its expression.Therefore, ClaDREB14 may enhance salt tolerance by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in watermelon roots. This study provided valuable information on the DREB gene family in watermelon and laid the foundation for future functional validation and genetic engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003203)Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZDo4011)+2 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2025YC44)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(2025-YWF-ZYSQ-04)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733832).
文摘The genetic basis of early-stage salt tolerance in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),a key factor limiting its productivity,remains poorly understood.To dissect this complex trait,we integrate genome-wide association studies(GWAS)and transcriptomics from 176 accessions within a machine learning based genomic prediction framework.Analysis reveals weak genetic correlations among four salt-tolerance traits and a gradual decline in performance under increasing salt stress.GWAS identify 60 significant associated SNPs,with the highest number detected under 100 mM salt stress.Salt tolerance exhibits an additive effect from favorable haplotypes,which are most abundant in Chinese accessions.GWAS-associated genes are related to key regulators of hormone signaling and osmotic adjustment,while transcriptome analysis indicates a global repression of stress-responsive transcription factors.Integrating these multi-omics datasets allows us to identify 14 candidate genes,including MsHSD1(seed dormancy)and MsMTATP6(energy metabolism).Crucially,incorporating these markers into genomic prediction models improve cross-population predictive accuracy to an average of 54.4%.This study provides insights into the genetic architecture of salt tolerance in alfalfa and offers valuable markers to facilitate molecular breeding.
文摘Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practical strategies to enhance seedling establishment and early vigor under saline conditions is therefore essential.In this study,we compared two seed-priming agents-1 mM proline and 25 mM NaCl-under identical hydroponic conditions to elucidate tissue-specific responses to 25 mM NaCl stress.Proline priming significantly improved shoot length(by~23%),total chlorophyll content(by~19%),and ascorbate peroxidase(ASPOX)activity.In contrast,NaCl priming enhanced root biomass retention(by~38%)and peroxidase(POD)activity under salinity stress.Both priming treatments induced higher proline accumulation and antioxidant capacity,though with tissue-specific effects:proline favored aboveground resilience,while NaCl strengthened root ionic and oxidative balance.These findings highlight the complementary nature of proline and NaCl priming and support the concept of stress“memory,”whereby plants acquire enhanced readiness to cope with salinity.Integrating such priming strategies into chickpea cultivation could contribute to improved yield stability and sustainability in saline agroecosystems.
基金funded by the Opening Project of Oil&Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(YQKF202214)。
文摘During drilling process,the water phase in drilling fluids infiltrates rock fractures through capillary action.The surface wettability of dolomite is governed by multiple factors,resulting in an unstable wetting state.Studies have shown that altering the surface wettability of reservoir rocks to an intermediate wetting state can effectively reduce the damage of drilling fluids to oil and gas reservoirs and improve oil and gas recovery.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a reservoir protectant to prevent the water phase in the drilling fluid from intruding into the oil and gas reservoirs.Given this,a modified polysiloxane was synthesized to alter the surface wettability of dolomite.Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D^(H)_(4))and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D_(4))were ring-opened copolymerized to obtain the hydrogencontaining polysiloxane,which in turn reacted with unsaturated hydrocarbons to obtain the modified polysiloxane.The ability of reservoir protectants to regulate the surface wettability of dolomite under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions was tested.The experimental results show that the reservoir protectant is able to alter the wettability of the dolomite surface to an intermediate wetting state by adsorption on the rock surface even after 16 h of aging at 240℃ and 15% salt concentration.
基金the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301864 and 32472114)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2025QC16 and Y2025CG06)。
文摘Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In this study,we investigated the protective role of exogenous myo-inositol in rapeseed under salinity stress.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous application of 20μM myo-inositol significantly alleviates salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.Myo-inositol effectively mitigated growth inhibition,maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic activity,and stabilized membrane integrity under salt stress.Physiological and molecular evidence indicated that myo-inositol activates the antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),thereby reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation.Notably,myoinositol triggered a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy by increasing Na+accumulation,associated with the upregulation of BnHKT1 and downregulation of vacuolar BnNHX homologs.Concurrently,myo-inositol stimulated proline biosynthesis for osmotic adjustment.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis showed that myo-inositol finetunes the expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense,osmotic adjustment,and stress signaling.These findings demonstrate that myo-inositol enhances rapeseed salt tolerance through an integrated mechanism involving antioxidant activation,transcriptional reprogramming,and a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy,establishing its potential as an effective biostimulant for saline agriculture.
基金Dr.Stergios D.Zarkogiannis would like to acknowledge UK Research and Innovation Grant(SODIOM)EP/Y004221/1 in supporting the research reported here.
文摘This study investigates the facies development and sedimentology of the Late Permian Chhidru Formation,a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic unit exposed in the Western Salt Range,Potwar Basin,Pakistan.The formation is subdivided into four lithological units reflecting lateral variability,with thicknesses and lithologies ranging from fossiliferous sandy limestone to interbedded limestone and sandstone.These successions record a depositional shift from a carbonate platform to mixed carbonate-clastic,and ultimately,clastic-dominated environments.Lithostratigraphy suggests deposition on the underlying Wargal Limestone carbonates during a Late Permian sea-level fall on the northwest Indian margin of Gondwana.Similar Permian successions with identical lithological characteristics are documented in the Persian Gulf(Dalan Formation),Arabian Platform(Khuff Formation),and Iran(Nesen and Hambust formations).Petrographic analysis reveals deposition in the distal middle to proximal inner shelf settings of a carbonate-siliciclastic mixed,unrimmed platform.Based on identified foraminiferal assemblages,the Chhidru Formation's age is estimated to range from the late Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian stages of the Lopingian epoch.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074031,51574213,51904027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500104)。
文摘Understanding the underlying mechanism that enhances the separation of specific target ions from complex background aqueous solutions is crucial for achieving controllable chemical reactions and industrial purification processes in modern industries.This study investigated the enhanced kinetic separatio n of target metal ions from complex aqueous solutio ns at a liquid-liquid interface,focusing on the presence of coexisting salt cations.Employing a typical thin-layer organic oil film(TOOF)extraction as a model system,the research examines how background Al^(3+)ions influence the mass transfer and separation of ions.Notably,the co ncentration of Al^(3+)ions affects both the distribution of Er^(3+)ions at the oil-water interface and the arrangement and orientation of P507 extractant molecules through the formation of unique hydrogen-bonding interactions.These interactions influence the selectivity of mass transfer,facilitating the separation of Er^(3+)from Al^(3+)ions.Specifically,the hydration shell of Er^(3+)ions is disrupted due to the strong hydration capability of coexisting Al^(3+)ions,leading to a higher interfacial concentration of Er^(3+)ions and a more ordered interfacial orientation of P507 molecules.At lower concentrations of Al^(3+)ions,the diffusion rate of Er^(3+)ions near the interface is high,enhancing the sepa ration perfo rmance of these ions.In contrast,at higher concentrations of Al^(3+)ions,the competitive hydration by Al^(3+)ions increases,and the interfacial concentration of Er^(3+)ions decreases due to enhanced diffusion resistance,resulting in poorer separation performance.Furthermore,a thinner membrane is more effective than a thicker one in enriching target Er^(3+)ions at the interface and achieving an ordered interfacial orientation of P507 molecules,thereby enhancing the separation coefficient(β_(Er/Al)).This work provides novel insights into the behaviors of ions and extractants at oil-wate r interface and the kinetic separation selectivity under varying concentrations of coexisting salt cations.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41602161,92255302)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Project No.2016ZX05033)Sinopec Science and Technology Development Project(Project No.P18089-1,P22085).
文摘The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to elucidate the role of Middle-Lower Triassic evaporite layers in shaping basin structures,focusing on Xinchang Tectonic Zone(XTZ).Salt layers facilitated decoupled deformation between supra-and sub-salt sequences,forming salt pillows and fault-related folds.Three distinct structural trends were identified in XTZ.Key findings reveal that salt thickness variations correlate with deformation styles:thicker salt promoted detachment folding,while thinner salt led to hard-linked fault systems.Sub-salt E-NE trending reverse faults formed horsetail terminations associated with the Pengzhou faults(PzF),deviating from the primary Longmenshan thrust belt(LmsTB)orientation.Structural evolution occurred in three stages:(1)Indosinian salt deposition and foreland basin initiation;(2)Yanshanian eastward propagation of thrust systems with salt-driven detachment folding;(3)Himalayan reactivation overprinting earlier structures with sub-NS trending folds.This work establishes a direct link between salt layers and structural traps,demonstrating how salt acted as a critical detachment layer during multi-stage compression.Results provide insights into the gas exploration of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation,emphasizing the importance of salt-influenced deformation in foreland basin systems.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020261)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA02010000)the Young Potential Program of the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SINAP-YXJH-202412)。
文摘Knowing the precise relationship between fuel loading and reactivity is essential for guiding reactor criticality extrapolation and online refueling in molten salt reactors(MSRs).This study aims to explore and explain the linear relationship between reactivity and the reciprocal of uranium concentration in thermal-spectrum MSRs.By applying neutron balance theory,we analyzed the neutron absorption cross sections of various nuclides in single-lattice models with varying fuel concentrations.Our findings reveal a simple linear correlation between reactivity and the reciprocal of uranium concentration,which can be explained from the perspective of nuclear reaction cross sections that adhere to the 1/v law in the thermal neutron spectrum.Furthermore,we identified that the neutron absorption single-group cross sections of structural materials and carrier salts exhibit an approximately linear relationship with the fission single-group cross section of ^(235) U;similarly,the reciprocal of ^(235)U’s fission cross section exhibits an approximately linear relationship with uranium concentration.This linear relationship deviates as the volume fraction of molten salt increases,due to a greater proportion of neutrons being captured in the resonance energy spectrum.However,it remains valid for molten salt volume fractions up to 25%and demonstrates broad applicability in the physical design and operation of thermal molten salt reactors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22271010 and 21702013)。
文摘The deuterium labeling has garnered significant interest in drug discovery due to its critical role on improving pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties.However,despite its pharmaceutical value,the general and rapid syntheses of aromatic scaffolds that contains deuterium remain an important yet elusive task.State-of-the-art approaches mainly relied on the transition metal-catalyzed C-H deuteration via the assistance of directing groups(DGs),which often suffered from over-deuteration and lengthy step counts required for installation and/or removal of DG.Herein,we report a generalizable synthetic linchpin strategy for the facile preparation of the ortho-deuterated aromatic core.Through capture of aryne-derived 1,3-zwitterion with heavy water,we synthesized an array of ortho-deuterated aryl sulfonium salts.These novel linchpins not only participated the transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction as nucleophiles,but also served as aryl radical reservoirs under photochemical or electrochemical conditions,enabling facile and precise access to structurally diverse deuterated aromatics.Moreover,we have disclosed a novel EDA complex enabled direct arylation of phosphines under visible-light irradiation,further expanding the utility of our platform approach.
