The genus Salix is a common component of the Northern Hemisphere dendroflora with important ecological and economic value.However,taxonomy and systematics of Salix is extremely difficult and relationships between main...The genus Salix is a common component of the Northern Hemisphere dendroflora with important ecological and economic value.However,taxonomy and systematics of Salix is extremely difficult and relationships between main lineages,especially deep phylogenies,remain largely unresolved.In this study,we used genome-skimming,plastome assembly,and single-copy orthologs(SCOs)from 66 Salix accessions,along with publicly available plastome and sequence read archive(SRA)datasets to obtain a robust backbone phylogeny of Salix,clarify relationships between its main lineages,and gain a more precise understanding of the origin and diversification of this species-rich genus.The plastome and SCO datasets resolved Salix into two robust clades,with plastome-based phylogenies lacking inner resolution and SCO offering fully resolved phylogenies.Our results support the classification of Salix into five subgenera:Salix,Urbaniana,Triandrae,Longifoliae and Vetrix.We observed a significant acceleration in the diversification rate within the Chamaetia-Vetrix clade,while Salix exhibited increased rates of diversification spanning from the early Oligocene to the late Miocene.These changes coincided with contemporaneous tectonic and climate change events.Our results provide a foundation for future systematic and evolutionary studies of Salix.Additionally,we showed that genome skimming data is an efficient,rapid,and reliable approach for obtaining extensive genomic data for phylogenomic studies,enabling the comprehensive elucidation of Salix relationships.展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to discuss the tolerance of Salix matsudana to single or compound heavy metals and provide theoretical basis for renovating polluted soil by heavy metals with woody plants.[Method]Using r...[Objective]The research aimed to discuss the tolerance of Salix matsudana to single or compound heavy metals and provide theoretical basis for renovating polluted soil by heavy metals with woody plants.[Method]Using root elongation method,the effects of heavy metal Cu^2＋,Pb^2＋,Zn^2＋ and their mixed solution on the adventitious roots growth of S.matsudana cuttings were studied.[Result]The adventitious roots growth of S.matsudana cuttings was obviously affected by different concentrations of heavy metals solution.Adventitious roots of S.matsudana cuttings could not grow while the concentration of Cu^2＋ was higher than 15 mg/L,the mixture solution concentration was higher than 20 mg/L and Zn^2＋ concentration was higher than 30 mg/L.When the solution concentration reached 40 mg/L,adventitious roots of S.matsudana cuttings could grow only in Pb^2＋ treatment group.With the increasing of the solution concentration,the number of adventitious roots of S.matsudana cuttings gradually decreased.In 5 mg/L Zn^2＋ treatment group,the number of adventitious roots of S.matsudana cuttings was the most,the longest root length and average root length were the longest and the rooting rate was the highest.[Conclusion]The tolerance of S.matsudana to Pb^2＋ was strongest and its tolerance to Cu^2＋ was the weakest.The tolerance order of S.matsudana to three kinds of heavy metals and their mixed solution was as following：Pb^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cu^2＋＋Pb^2＋＋Zn^2＋〉Cu^2＋.展开更多
为探明荒漠植物沙柳（Salix psammophila）根围AM真菌时空异质性,2009年5月、8月和10月分别从内蒙古荒漠植物沙柳根围分0~10,11~20,21~30,31~40和41~50 cm 5个土层采集土壤样品,研究了AM真菌时空分布及与土壤因子的相关性.结果表明,沙...为探明荒漠植物沙柳（Salix psammophila）根围AM真菌时空异质性,2009年5月、8月和10月分别从内蒙古荒漠植物沙柳根围分0~10,11~20,21~30,31~40和41~50 cm 5个土层采集土壤样品,研究了AM真菌时空分布及与土壤因子的相关性.结果表明,沙柳根围AM真菌平均孢子密度为282个/100g,平均总定殖率0.642;从土壤中共分离AM真菌3属20种,其中球囊霉属（Glomus）15种、无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）4种、盾巨孢囊霉属（Scutellospora）1种.AM真菌孢子密度、菌丝定殖率和丛枝定殖率随时间变化先升后降,最大值出现在8月;泡囊定殖率随时间变化先降后升,最大值出现在10月;随土壤深度增加,孢子密度和定殖率下降,最大孢子密度和最高定殖率均出现在10月份0~10 cm土层.孢子密度与土壤温度、pH极显著正相关,与土壤速效P极显著负相关;泡囊定殖率与土壤碱解N显著正相关;丛枝定殖率与土壤温度、湿度和pH极显著正相关,与土壤碱解N极显著负相关;菌丝定殖率与易提取球囊霉素极显著正相关.总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素与土壤碱解N和有机C极显著正相关.球囊霉素含量的动态变化能够综合反映土壤AM真菌分布和活动、有机C动态和养分循环进程,应作为荒漠土壤质量和功能评价的新指标进一步深入研究.展开更多
基金supported by NSFC(32070226,32360065)the Key Projects of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20149)+3 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2024QZKK0200)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202101AS070032)the CAS“Light ofWest China”Program(xbzg-zdsys-202110)the Yunnan Innovation Team Project(202305AS350004,with LD/NY/SB/CJG/CJH as the core member).
文摘The genus Salix is a common component of the Northern Hemisphere dendroflora with important ecological and economic value.However,taxonomy and systematics of Salix is extremely difficult and relationships between main lineages,especially deep phylogenies,remain largely unresolved.In this study,we used genome-skimming,plastome assembly,and single-copy orthologs(SCOs)from 66 Salix accessions,along with publicly available plastome and sequence read archive(SRA)datasets to obtain a robust backbone phylogeny of Salix,clarify relationships between its main lineages,and gain a more precise understanding of the origin and diversification of this species-rich genus.The plastome and SCO datasets resolved Salix into two robust clades,with plastome-based phylogenies lacking inner resolution and SCO offering fully resolved phylogenies.Our results support the classification of Salix into five subgenera:Salix,Urbaniana,Triandrae,Longifoliae and Vetrix.We observed a significant acceleration in the diversification rate within the Chamaetia-Vetrix clade,while Salix exhibited increased rates of diversification spanning from the early Oligocene to the late Miocene.These changes coincided with contemporaneous tectonic and climate change events.Our results provide a foundation for future systematic and evolutionary studies of Salix.Additionally,we showed that genome skimming data is an efficient,rapid,and reliable approach for obtaining extensive genomic data for phylogenomic studies,enabling the comprehensive elucidation of Salix relationships.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University(KJ2007B120)Doctor Foundation Projects of Anhui Agricultural University (WD2006-12)~~
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to discuss the tolerance of Salix matsudana to single or compound heavy metals and provide theoretical basis for renovating polluted soil by heavy metals with woody plants.[Method]Using root elongation method,the effects of heavy metal Cu^2＋,Pb^2＋,Zn^2＋ and their mixed solution on the adventitious roots growth of S.matsudana cuttings were studied.[Result]The adventitious roots growth of S.matsudana cuttings was obviously affected by different concentrations of heavy metals solution.Adventitious roots of S.matsudana cuttings could not grow while the concentration of Cu^2＋ was higher than 15 mg/L,the mixture solution concentration was higher than 20 mg/L and Zn^2＋ concentration was higher than 30 mg/L.When the solution concentration reached 40 mg/L,adventitious roots of S.matsudana cuttings could grow only in Pb^2＋ treatment group.With the increasing of the solution concentration,the number of adventitious roots of S.matsudana cuttings gradually decreased.In 5 mg/L Zn^2＋ treatment group,the number of adventitious roots of S.matsudana cuttings was the most,the longest root length and average root length were the longest and the rooting rate was the highest.[Conclusion]The tolerance of S.matsudana to Pb^2＋ was strongest and its tolerance to Cu^2＋ was the weakest.The tolerance order of S.matsudana to three kinds of heavy metals and their mixed solution was as following：Pb^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cu^2＋＋Pb^2＋＋Zn^2＋〉Cu^2＋.
文摘为探明荒漠植物沙柳（Salix psammophila）根围AM真菌时空异质性,2009年5月、8月和10月分别从内蒙古荒漠植物沙柳根围分0~10,11~20,21~30,31~40和41~50 cm 5个土层采集土壤样品,研究了AM真菌时空分布及与土壤因子的相关性.结果表明,沙柳根围AM真菌平均孢子密度为282个/100g,平均总定殖率0.642;从土壤中共分离AM真菌3属20种,其中球囊霉属（Glomus）15种、无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）4种、盾巨孢囊霉属（Scutellospora）1种.AM真菌孢子密度、菌丝定殖率和丛枝定殖率随时间变化先升后降,最大值出现在8月;泡囊定殖率随时间变化先降后升,最大值出现在10月;随土壤深度增加,孢子密度和定殖率下降,最大孢子密度和最高定殖率均出现在10月份0~10 cm土层.孢子密度与土壤温度、pH极显著正相关,与土壤速效P极显著负相关;泡囊定殖率与土壤碱解N显著正相关;丛枝定殖率与土壤温度、湿度和pH极显著正相关,与土壤碱解N极显著负相关;菌丝定殖率与易提取球囊霉素极显著正相关.总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素与土壤碱解N和有机C极显著正相关.球囊霉素含量的动态变化能够综合反映土壤AM真菌分布和活动、有机C动态和养分循环进程,应作为荒漠土壤质量和功能评价的新指标进一步深入研究.
