The aim of this study was to assess the effects and safety of salicylates on type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. We searched six databases （Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MED- LINE, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI ...The aim of this study was to assess the effects and safety of salicylates on type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. We searched six databases （Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MED- LINE, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI and VIP） for all randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and self-control studies which investigated the effects of salicylates on T2DM. We included 34 RCTs and 17 self-control studies involving 13 464 patients with T2DM. It was demonstrated that salicylates had obvious effects on several parameters for patients with T2DM. （1） Any dose of salicylates could significantly reduce HbAIc level [mean difference （MD） -0.39%; 95% C1-0.47 to -0.32] in RCTs, but only high doses of salicylates （〉3000 mg/day） could effectively reduce fasting plasma glucose （FPG） level [standardized mean difference （SMD） -1.05; 95% CI -1.47 to -0.62] for patients with T2DM in both RCTs and self-control studies. Furthermore, high doses of salicylates could also increase plasma fasting insulin level （MD 12.20 mU/L; 95% CI 3.33 to 21.07）; （2） In both RCTs and self-control studies, high doses of salicylates could significantly reduce plasma triglycerides concentration. The results for RCTs were MD -0.44 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.71 to 4）.18, and those for self-control studies were 227±29 mg/dL （pre-treatment） and 117±8 mg/dL （post-treatment） （P=-0.009）; （3） All trials which reported cardiovascu- lar events were RCTs using low doses （〈1000 mg/day） of salicylates, and it was revealed that aspirin could significantly reduce the risk of myocardial infarction （OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.92）; （4） Two RCTs and two self-control studies with 〉3000 mg/day salicylates reported adverse effects, and the over- all effects were mild, and tinnitus occurred most frequently. No evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was found in all these studies. In conclusion, from our systematic review, the anti-diabetic effect of salicylates is in a dose-dependent manner. High doses of salicylates may have beneficial effects on re- ducing FPG, HbAlc level and increasing fasting insulin concentration, and may also have some positive effects on lipidemia and inflammation-associated parameters for patients with T2DM, without serious adverse effects.展开更多
The rare earth (RE=La, Y, Gd) salicylates were synthesized by the rheological phase reaction method. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra (IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and th...The rare earth (RE=La, Y, Gd) salicylates were synthesized by the rheological phase reaction method. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra (IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravity analysis (TG). They can be represented by general formula RE(HSal)3 (RE=La, Y, Gd; HSal= C6H4(OH)COO). The crystals of them are monoclinic and have layered structure. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of rare earth salicylates was studied by using TG, DTA, IR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The thermal decomposition of the rare earth salicylates in nitrogen gas proceeded in three stages: firstly, they were decomposed to form RE2(Sal)3(Sal=C6H4OCOO) and salicylic acid; then, RE2(Sal)3 were decomposed further to form RE2O(CO3)2 and some organic compounds; finally, RE2O(CO3)2 were decomposed to form rare earth metal oxides (RE2O3) and carbon dioxide. The organic compounds obtained from the second step of the reaction are mainly dibenzofuran, xanthenone, 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one, 6-phenyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene, and 1,3-diphenyl-1, 3-dihydro-2-benzofuran.展开更多
Background:Acne affects individuals across all ages and ethnic groups.Truncal acne has received limited attention,and its mechanisms and characteristics remain poorly understood.Objective:This article aims to provide ...Background:Acne affects individuals across all ages and ethnic groups.Truncal acne has received limited attention,and its mechanisms and characteristics remain poorly understood.Objective:This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of truncal acne,identifying its characteristics and exploring assessment methods and management of truncal acne.Methods:The study examines the causes and contributing factors of truncal acne by analyzing the skin characteristics and acne phenotypes of the trunk area.It also evaluates the existing methods for assessing the severity of truncal acne.Results:Trunk sebum secretion and pH levels are lower than those of the face,while the degree of microbial imbalance is greater.Variability in androgen levels and gender differences also influence truncal acne.Additionally,contact with certain materials exacerbates acne outbreaks on the trunk.The study highlights the advantages,disadvantages,mechanisms of action,and specific targets of each product.Conclusion:This paper provides insights for future research and practical approaches to truncal acne management,assisting in selecting effective products for managing truncal acne.展开更多
Isochorismate synthase(ICS),a key rate-limiting enzyme in the salicylic acid(SA)biosynthesis pathway in plants,is essential for plant growth and defense against diseases.However,there has been no report on ICS in suga...Isochorismate synthase(ICS),a key rate-limiting enzyme in the salicylic acid(SA)biosynthesis pathway in plants,is essential for plant growth and defense against diseases.However,there has been no report on ICS in sugarcane(Saccharum spp.).In this study,18 SsICSs,42 ShICSs,and 36 SzICSs were identified from the genomes of sugarcane AP85-441(Saccharum spontaneum),XTT22(Saccharum spp.hybrid cultivar),and ZZ1(Saccharum spp.hybrid cultivar),respectively.These were phylogenetically divided into three groups,forming distinct clades that were evolutionarily divergent from those in dicotyledonous species.The evolutionary profile of the ICS gene family suggested expansion through whole-genome duplication/segmental events and strong purifying selection.Promoter cis-element and transcriptome analyses indicated that the ICS gene family responded to disease stress.We cloned the ScICS(isochorismate synthase)gene from sugarcane cultivar XTT22 leaves,and found it was localized in chloroplasts.In vivo and in vitro interaction studies revealed an interaction between ScICS and an ScMYB transcription factor.We showed that ScWRKY28 positively regulated ScICS expression by binding to its promoter.ScICS overexpression in transgenic tobacco confirmed its effectiveness in enhancing disease resistance.There was a significant increase in SA content following pathogen infection along with activation of downstream signaling pathways and defense mechanisms.This study establishes the groundwork for functional studies of sugarcane ICS genes and enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of disease resistance in sugarcane.展开更多
Peach gum polysaccharide(PGP),a readily available natural polysaccharide,boasts substantial potential across diverse applications,yet its practical utility is severely limited by its vulnerability to bacterial growth ...Peach gum polysaccharide(PGP),a readily available natural polysaccharide,boasts substantial potential across diverse applications,yet its practical utility is severely limited by its vulnerability to bacterial growth and limited antioxidant activity.Herein,we introduced a simple and effective method to enhance the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of PGP by conjugating it with salicylic acid(SA).Cytotoxicity evaluation results confirmed that the resulting PGP-SA retains the excellent biocompatibility of PGP.Notably,PGP-SA demonstrates outstanding antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive(S.aureus)and Gram-negative(E.coli)bacteria,outperforming non-modified PGP.Its antibacterial mechanism is hypothesized to stem from disrupting bacterial cell membranes and proteins,targeting structures vital to microbial survival.Beyond fighting bacteria,PGP-SA also delivers robust antioxidant activity,efficiently scavenging ABTS radicals.Harnessing these dual enhancements,PGP-SA proves highly effective as a fruit preservation coating.Most impressively,it extends the post-harvest shelf life of mangoes:under identical storage conditions,PGP-SA-coatedmangoes stay fresh for seven extra days compared to uncoated fruit.With its simple synthesis process and standout performance,this work not only overcomes PGP’s key limitations but also opens new avenues for its application in food preservation and related industries.展开更多
Maize is a cornerstone of global food security,but it faces increasing challenges from corn aphids,particularly with the widespread adoption of genetically modified Bt maize.This trend suggests a growing need for sust...Maize is a cornerstone of global food security,but it faces increasing challenges from corn aphids,particularly with the widespread adoption of genetically modified Bt maize.This trend suggests a growing need for sustainable pest control strategies.Methyl salicylate has been proposed as a volatile compound with the potential for managing aphids.In this study,Y-tube olfactometer and Petri dish dispersal assays showed that methyl salicylate can repel wingless and winged aphids at 0.1 to 1,000 ngμL^(-1).Moreover,at concentrations of 100 and 1,000 ngμL^(-1),it was found to attract beneficial insects such as adults and larvae of Harmonia axyridis.Exposing maize plants to methyl salicylate resulted in a prominent reduction in the number of aphids compared to the control.In addition,clip cage experiment assays showed that the nymphal development duration was increased,while the adult duration and generation time were reduced,and the reproductive duration and total number of aphid offspring in plants treated with methyl salicylate were dramatically lower than in the control.Over two years of field trials,methyl salicylate-impregnated alginate beads provided significant reductions in the populations of key aphid species,including Rhopalosiphum padi,Rhopalosiphum maidis,and Aphis gossypii.Concurrently,there were marked increases in the presence of natural predators such as H.axyridis,Propylaea japonica,Syrphus corollae,and Chrysoperla sinica.These compelling results underscore the potential of methyl salicylate as a key component in integrated pest management strategies for maize,offering a green alternative to traditional chemical control.展开更多
The parasitic dodder(Cuscuta,Convolvulaceae)species have wide ranges of hosts.However,some plants,including the cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum),have different degrees of resistance to Cuscuta.The cultivated to...The parasitic dodder(Cuscuta,Convolvulaceae)species have wide ranges of hosts.However,some plants,including the cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum),have different degrees of resistance to Cuscuta.The cultivated tomato plants activate a strong hypersensitive response(HR)where Cuscuta haustoria penetrate stems of cultivated tomato,but the underlying mechanisms by which the cultivated tomato perceives Cuscuta and activates resistance remain unclear.In this study,we show that the phytohormones jasmonic acid(JA)and salicylic acid(SA)in cultivated tomato stems were highly induced by Cuscuta australis parasitization.Genetic analyses and experiments of supplementation of JA or SA indicated that the JA and SA pathway not only are both required for activation of HR against Cuscuta parasitization but also function in non-HR-based resistance.The Cuscuta Receptor 1(CuRe1),which is a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein,and suppressor of BAK1-interacting receptor kinase(SOBIR1)and SOBIR1-like,two adaptor kinases,are also important for HR-based and non-HR-based resistance.Importantly,we found that the JA and SA pathway both transcriptionally regulate CuRe1.However,in the cure1 mutants,JA and SA levels were still normally induced by C.australis parasitization.We propose a linear model that an unknown receptor perceives Cuscuta parasitization and thus triggers accumulation of JA and SA,which in turn induce the transcription of CuRe1,and CuRe1 and SOBIR1/SOBIR1-like thereby activate HR-based and non-HR-based resistance to Cuscuta.This study underscores the important roles of hormone signaling and resistance(R)genes in host plant-parasitic plant interactions.展开更多
This study investigates the effectiveness of salicylate(SAL)as an electrolyte additive on the discharge behavior of high-purity(HP)Mg anode in an aqueous half-cell system,using an integrated approach of mathematical m...This study investigates the effectiveness of salicylate(SAL)as an electrolyte additive on the discharge behavior of high-purity(HP)Mg anode in an aqueous half-cell system,using an integrated approach of mathematical modeling and experimental analysis.A finite elementbased model is developed to elucidate the key mechanisms by which SAL influences the voltage profile and pH.Systematic electrochemical measurements,especially intermittent discharge tests combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),demonstrate that SAL can enhance initial voltage stability of HP Mg anode.Moreover,the model incorporates the SAL-Mg complexation factor to describe the role of SAL in modifying the deposit film on HP Mg surface.The agreement between model predictions and experimental observations suggests that SAL facilitates the formation of compact Mg(OH)_(2) deposits and sustains a favorable pH environment within the half-cell compartment.This integrated approach provides new insights into understanding and optimizing additive effects for Mg-air batteries.展开更多
Originally extracted from willow bark,salicylic acid(SA)provided the structural basis for the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin)in 1897,a milestone that exemplifies the far-reaching biomedical relevance of pla...Originally extracted from willow bark,salicylic acid(SA)provided the structural basis for the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin)in 1897,a milestone that exemplifies the far-reaching biomedical relevance of plant-derived metabolites(Desborough and Keeling,2017).In plants,SA functions as a pleiotropic phytohormone that orchestrates immune reprogramming,serving as a central mediator of both local defense responses and systemic acquired resistance(SAR).展开更多
The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves （Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramib...The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves （Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramibalis c.v and Populus deltoids） suffocated by Methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and Methyl salicylate （MeSA） were monitored for analyzing their functions in interplant communications by using high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that the contents of phenolic acids had obviously difference in leaves exposed to either MeSA or MeJA.When P.deltoides leaves exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid was increased, gallic acid in leaves treated with MeJA comes to a peak at 24 h while to a peak at 12-d having leaves treated with MeSA.When P.Simonii ×P.Pyramibalis c.v leaves were exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, pyrocatechol and ferulic acid was increased; The catechinic acid and benzoic acid had a little drop; The caffeic acid and coumaric acid were undetected in both suffocated and control leaves.This changed pattern indicated that MeJA and MeSA can act as airborne signals to induce defense response of plants.展开更多
A sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of aspirin (ASA) and its metabolite salicylic acid (SA) in human plasma has been...A sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of aspirin (ASA) and its metabolite salicylic acid (SA) in human plasma has been developed and validated.The plasma ASA and SA were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and the sample extract was injected onto the LC-MS/MS system.The limits of quantitation(LLOQ) for ASA and SA are both 25 ng/mL.This method allowed the reproducible and accurate quantification with the concentration rang of 25-10 000 ng/mL.This method could be applied to the quantitation aspirin and salicylic acid in human plasma.展开更多
This paper focused on the effect of spraying chitosan and salicylic acid to Litchi under low temperature stress conditions.The physiology and biochemistry of litchi were studied as well.Results showed that the appropr...This paper focused on the effect of spraying chitosan and salicylic acid to Litchi under low temperature stress conditions.The physiology and biochemistry of litchi were studied as well.Results showed that the appropriate concentration of chitosan and salicylic acid treatment could effectively reduce injury caused by low temperature to litchi,compared with water control,chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein content of litchi after treatment and the activity of protective enzyme increasing significantly.However,the accumulation of resistance could significantly be improved.Furthermore,when 1 000 mg/L chitosan combined with 50 mg/L salicylic acid,the litchi acquired the best cold resistance capability.展开更多
The different resistance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars to crude toxin of Verticillium dah/iae(VD) was correlated with the activities of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase in callus cells. The activities of ...The different resistance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars to crude toxin of Verticillium dah/iae(VD) was correlated with the activities of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase in callus cells. The activities of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase in the callus cells treated with the VD-toxin were increased to the higher level at earlier time point in resistant cultivars than these in the susceptible cultivars. Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) induced the accumulation of chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase, which resulted in the resistance of callus cells to the VD. toxin. Western blot using a polyclonal antibody against β -1,3-glucanase identified 28 kD protein that was induced by VD-toxin, SA, or VD-toxin plus SA.展开更多
In this study,we showed that BiO Br nanoplates prepared at different pH values have substratedependent photocatalytic activities under visible-light irradiation. The BiO Br nanoplates synthesized at pH 1（BOB-1） degr...In this study,we showed that BiO Br nanoplates prepared at different pH values have substratedependent photocatalytic activities under visible-light irradiation. The BiO Br nanoplates synthesized at pH 1（BOB-1） degraded salicylic acid more effectively than did those obtained at pH 3（BOB-3）,but the order of their photocatalytic activities in rhodamine B（RhB） degradation were reversed. Electrochemical Mott–Schottky and zeta-potential measurements showed that BOB-1 had a more positive valence band and lower surface charge,leading to superior photocatalytic activity in salicylic acid degradation under visible light. However,BOB-3 was more powerful in RhB degradation because larger numbers of superoxide radicals were generated via electron injection from the excited RhB to its more negative conduction band under visible-light irradiation; this was confirmed using active oxygen species measurements and electron spin resonance analysis. This study deepens our understanding of the origins of organic-pollutant-dependent photoreactivities of semiconductors,and will help in designing highly active photocatalysts for environmental remediation.展开更多
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at...Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and other senescence-related factors duringfruit ripening and softening at 20 ℃. The level of endogenous SA in ripening fruits declined and a closerelationship was observed between the change at endogenous SA level and the rate of fruit ripening andsoftening. ASA treatment elevated SA level in the fruit, slowed down the increases in lipoxygenase (LOX)and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activities, decreased the O22-. production in the preclimacteric phase andthe early phase of ethylene climacteric rise, maintained the stability of cell membrane, inhibited ethylenebiosynthesis, postponed the onset of the ethylene climacteric, and delayed the process of fruit ripeningand softening. On the contrary, application of ethylene to ripening kiwifruit resulted at a lower SA level, anaccelerated increases in the activities of LOX and AOS and the rate of O22-. production, an elevated relativeelectric conductivity and an advanced onset of ethylene climacteric, and a quicker fruit ripening andsoftening. It is suggested that the effects of ASA on ripening kiwifruit can be attributed to its ability toscavenge O22-. and/or to maintain stability of cell membrane.展开更多
The possible physiological mechanism of enhancement of cold tolerance by salicylic acid (SA) in banana seedlings ( Musa acuminata cv. Williams 8188) was explored. Measurements of leakage electrolyte after 2 d of re...The possible physiological mechanism of enhancement of cold tolerance by salicylic acid (SA) in banana seedlings ( Musa acuminata cv. Williams 8188) was explored. Measurements of leakage electrolyte after 2 d of recovery at 30/22 ℃ (day/night) following 3 d of cold stress at 7 ℃ showed that pretreatment with hydroponic solution containing SA 0.3-0.9 mmol/L as foliar spray under normal growth conditions (30/22 ℃) could significantly enhance cold tolerance of banana plants. The highest enhancing effect of SA occurred at 0.5 mmol/L and it showed the lowest leakage rate of electrolyte or smaller leaf wilting area after 2 d of recovery at normal temperature from 3 d of 7 ℃ or 5 ℃ cold stress. Higher concentrations (≥2.5 mmol/L) of SA, however, caused more electrolyte leakage, indicating that they aggravated chilling damage. Enhanced cold tolerance by SA could be related to H 2O 2 metabolism. Compared with water_treated seedlings (control), SA 0.5 mmol/L treatment inhibited activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), increased peroxidase (POX) activity, but did not affect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under normal growth conditions, and these changes might lead to an accumulation of H 2O 2, whereas SA pretreatment enhanced the activities of CAT and APX, and reduced the increase in productions of H 2O 2 and thiobarbituric acid_reaction substances (TBARS) during subsequent 7 ℃ cold stress and recovery periods. Exogenous H 2O 2 treatments (1.5 -2.5 mmol/L) also increased cold tolerance of banana seedlings. Furthermore, pretreatment of banana seedlings with dimethylthiourea (a trap for H 2O 2) significantly inhibited cold tolerance induced by SA. These results suggested that endogenous H 2O 2 may be required for SA_enhanced cold tolerance. The significance of the interaction of SA, H 2O 2 and H 2O 2_metabolizing enzymes during cold stress has been discussed.展开更多
In this article different types of ultradeformable liposomes were designed and the properties of transdermal delivery were studied with sodium salicylate as model drug. These results showed that liposomes with stron...In this article different types of ultradeformable liposomes were designed and the properties of transdermal delivery were studied with sodium salicylate as model drug. These results showed that liposomes with strong hydrophilic surfactant added is a new type of penetration enhancer.展开更多
DA novel chitinase gene (GhChia7) was isolated from salicylic acid (SA)-treated cotton cotyledons and characterized by DNA sequence analysis of its cDNA and genomic DNA clone. The deduced amino acid sequence, designat...DA novel chitinase gene (GhChia7) was isolated from salicylic acid (SA)-treated cotton cotyledons and characterized by DNA sequence analysis of its cDNA and genomic DNA clone. The deduced amino acid sequence, designated as class VII chitinase, shares about 30% identity to class I or II chitinases, and does not correspond to any of the previously characterized classes I-VI chitinases. Northern blotting analysis showed that the transcripts of GhChia7 were abundant both in cotton fibers and in the roots of the seedlings. The accumulation of GhChia7 mRNA in SA-treated cotyledons reached maximum at 7.5 mmol/ L concentration after 18 h. Results indicate that GhChia7 might play an important role in cotton's active defense response.展开更多
In this paper, a novel polymeric complex [MnNa（Salicylate）2（CH3OH）（H2O）]n·0.5nH2O was obtained and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The titled complex is...In this paper, a novel polymeric complex [MnNa（Salicylate）2（CH3OH）（H2O）]n·0.5nH2O was obtained and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The titled complex is crystallized in triclinic system, space group P1 with a=0.763 82（15） nm, b= 1.037 1（2） nm, c=1.290 9（3） nm, α= 103.59（3）°, β=104.65（3）°, γ=109.50（3）°, V=0.873 6（3） nm 3, Z=2, Dc=1.556 Mg/m 3, Mr=409.20, μ=0.823 mm -1, F（000）=418, R=0.0614, wR= 0.147 6. The activity in catalyzing the superoxygen anionic free radical dismutation was determinated.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to assess the effects and safety of salicylates on type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. We searched six databases （Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MED- LINE, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI and VIP） for all randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and self-control studies which investigated the effects of salicylates on T2DM. We included 34 RCTs and 17 self-control studies involving 13 464 patients with T2DM. It was demonstrated that salicylates had obvious effects on several parameters for patients with T2DM. （1） Any dose of salicylates could significantly reduce HbAIc level [mean difference （MD） -0.39%; 95% C1-0.47 to -0.32] in RCTs, but only high doses of salicylates （〉3000 mg/day） could effectively reduce fasting plasma glucose （FPG） level [standardized mean difference （SMD） -1.05; 95% CI -1.47 to -0.62] for patients with T2DM in both RCTs and self-control studies. Furthermore, high doses of salicylates could also increase plasma fasting insulin level （MD 12.20 mU/L; 95% CI 3.33 to 21.07）; （2） In both RCTs and self-control studies, high doses of salicylates could significantly reduce plasma triglycerides concentration. The results for RCTs were MD -0.44 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.71 to 4）.18, and those for self-control studies were 227±29 mg/dL （pre-treatment） and 117±8 mg/dL （post-treatment） （P=-0.009）; （3） All trials which reported cardiovascu- lar events were RCTs using low doses （〈1000 mg/day） of salicylates, and it was revealed that aspirin could significantly reduce the risk of myocardial infarction （OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.92）; （4） Two RCTs and two self-control studies with 〉3000 mg/day salicylates reported adverse effects, and the over- all effects were mild, and tinnitus occurred most frequently. No evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was found in all these studies. In conclusion, from our systematic review, the anti-diabetic effect of salicylates is in a dose-dependent manner. High doses of salicylates may have beneficial effects on re- ducing FPG, HbAlc level and increasing fasting insulin concentration, and may also have some positive effects on lipidemia and inflammation-associated parameters for patients with T2DM, without serious adverse effects.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Education Committee (No. 2003A010) and Introducing Able Person Foundation of Zhejiang Normal University.
文摘The rare earth (RE=La, Y, Gd) salicylates were synthesized by the rheological phase reaction method. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra (IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravity analysis (TG). They can be represented by general formula RE(HSal)3 (RE=La, Y, Gd; HSal= C6H4(OH)COO). The crystals of them are monoclinic and have layered structure. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of rare earth salicylates was studied by using TG, DTA, IR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The thermal decomposition of the rare earth salicylates in nitrogen gas proceeded in three stages: firstly, they were decomposed to form RE2(Sal)3(Sal=C6H4OCOO) and salicylic acid; then, RE2(Sal)3 were decomposed further to form RE2O(CO3)2 and some organic compounds; finally, RE2O(CO3)2 were decomposed to form rare earth metal oxides (RE2O3) and carbon dioxide. The organic compounds obtained from the second step of the reaction are mainly dibenzofuran, xanthenone, 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one, 6-phenyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene, and 1,3-diphenyl-1, 3-dihydro-2-benzofuran.
文摘Background:Acne affects individuals across all ages and ethnic groups.Truncal acne has received limited attention,and its mechanisms and characteristics remain poorly understood.Objective:This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of truncal acne,identifying its characteristics and exploring assessment methods and management of truncal acne.Methods:The study examines the causes and contributing factors of truncal acne by analyzing the skin characteristics and acne phenotypes of the trunk area.It also evaluates the existing methods for assessing the severity of truncal acne.Results:Trunk sebum secretion and pH levels are lower than those of the face,while the degree of microbial imbalance is greater.Variability in androgen levels and gender differences also influence truncal acne.Additionally,contact with certain materials exacerbates acne outbreaks on the trunk.The study highlights the advantages,disadvantages,mechanisms of action,and specific targets of each product.Conclusion:This paper provides insights for future research and practical approaches to truncal acne management,assisting in selecting effective products for managing truncal acne.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472166,32172063,and 31771861)the Innovative Team Construction Project of the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Guangdong Province by Agricultural Product Units(Sugarcane and Sisal Industry Technology System,2024CXTD03-06)South China Agricultural University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(2024105641195)。
文摘Isochorismate synthase(ICS),a key rate-limiting enzyme in the salicylic acid(SA)biosynthesis pathway in plants,is essential for plant growth and defense against diseases.However,there has been no report on ICS in sugarcane(Saccharum spp.).In this study,18 SsICSs,42 ShICSs,and 36 SzICSs were identified from the genomes of sugarcane AP85-441(Saccharum spontaneum),XTT22(Saccharum spp.hybrid cultivar),and ZZ1(Saccharum spp.hybrid cultivar),respectively.These were phylogenetically divided into three groups,forming distinct clades that were evolutionarily divergent from those in dicotyledonous species.The evolutionary profile of the ICS gene family suggested expansion through whole-genome duplication/segmental events and strong purifying selection.Promoter cis-element and transcriptome analyses indicated that the ICS gene family responded to disease stress.We cloned the ScICS(isochorismate synthase)gene from sugarcane cultivar XTT22 leaves,and found it was localized in chloroplasts.In vivo and in vitro interaction studies revealed an interaction between ScICS and an ScMYB transcription factor.We showed that ScWRKY28 positively regulated ScICS expression by binding to its promoter.ScICS overexpression in transgenic tobacco confirmed its effectiveness in enhancing disease resistance.There was a significant increase in SA content following pathogen infection along with activation of downstream signaling pathways and defense mechanisms.This study establishes the groundwork for functional studies of sugarcane ICS genes and enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of disease resistance in sugarcane.
基金supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project(No.Guike AA25069007)Guilin Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan(No.20220103-2).
文摘Peach gum polysaccharide(PGP),a readily available natural polysaccharide,boasts substantial potential across diverse applications,yet its practical utility is severely limited by its vulnerability to bacterial growth and limited antioxidant activity.Herein,we introduced a simple and effective method to enhance the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of PGP by conjugating it with salicylic acid(SA).Cytotoxicity evaluation results confirmed that the resulting PGP-SA retains the excellent biocompatibility of PGP.Notably,PGP-SA demonstrates outstanding antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive(S.aureus)and Gram-negative(E.coli)bacteria,outperforming non-modified PGP.Its antibacterial mechanism is hypothesized to stem from disrupting bacterial cell membranes and proteins,targeting structures vital to microbial survival.Beyond fighting bacteria,PGP-SA also delivers robust antioxidant activity,efficiently scavenging ABTS radicals.Harnessing these dual enhancements,PGP-SA proves highly effective as a fruit preservation coating.Most impressively,it extends the post-harvest shelf life of mangoes:under identical storage conditions,PGP-SA-coatedmangoes stay fresh for seven extra days compared to uncoated fruit.With its simple synthesis process and standout performance,this work not only overcomes PGP’s key limitations but also opens new avenues for its application in food preservation and related industries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202311)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(20230101265JC)+1 种基金the Jilin Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project,China(QT202307)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project,China(20220505019ZP).
文摘Maize is a cornerstone of global food security,but it faces increasing challenges from corn aphids,particularly with the widespread adoption of genetically modified Bt maize.This trend suggests a growing need for sustainable pest control strategies.Methyl salicylate has been proposed as a volatile compound with the potential for managing aphids.In this study,Y-tube olfactometer and Petri dish dispersal assays showed that methyl salicylate can repel wingless and winged aphids at 0.1 to 1,000 ngμL^(-1).Moreover,at concentrations of 100 and 1,000 ngμL^(-1),it was found to attract beneficial insects such as adults and larvae of Harmonia axyridis.Exposing maize plants to methyl salicylate resulted in a prominent reduction in the number of aphids compared to the control.In addition,clip cage experiment assays showed that the nymphal development duration was increased,while the adult duration and generation time were reduced,and the reproductive duration and total number of aphid offspring in plants treated with methyl salicylate were dramatically lower than in the control.Over two years of field trials,methyl salicylate-impregnated alginate beads provided significant reductions in the populations of key aphid species,including Rhopalosiphum padi,Rhopalosiphum maidis,and Aphis gossypii.Concurrently,there were marked increases in the presence of natural predators such as H.axyridis,Propylaea japonica,Syrphus corollae,and Chrysoperla sinica.These compelling results underscore the potential of methyl salicylate as a key component in integrated pest management strategies for maize,offering a green alternative to traditional chemical control.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270314(GS))the Key Project of Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan(202201AS070056(JW),202301AS070064(GS))Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program“Yunling Scholar”Project(JW),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Light of West China Program(GS),Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program“Young Talents”Project(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0001(GS)).
文摘The parasitic dodder(Cuscuta,Convolvulaceae)species have wide ranges of hosts.However,some plants,including the cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum),have different degrees of resistance to Cuscuta.The cultivated tomato plants activate a strong hypersensitive response(HR)where Cuscuta haustoria penetrate stems of cultivated tomato,but the underlying mechanisms by which the cultivated tomato perceives Cuscuta and activates resistance remain unclear.In this study,we show that the phytohormones jasmonic acid(JA)and salicylic acid(SA)in cultivated tomato stems were highly induced by Cuscuta australis parasitization.Genetic analyses and experiments of supplementation of JA or SA indicated that the JA and SA pathway not only are both required for activation of HR against Cuscuta parasitization but also function in non-HR-based resistance.The Cuscuta Receptor 1(CuRe1),which is a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein,and suppressor of BAK1-interacting receptor kinase(SOBIR1)and SOBIR1-like,two adaptor kinases,are also important for HR-based and non-HR-based resistance.Importantly,we found that the JA and SA pathway both transcriptionally regulate CuRe1.However,in the cure1 mutants,JA and SA levels were still normally induced by C.australis parasitization.We propose a linear model that an unknown receptor perceives Cuscuta parasitization and thus triggers accumulation of JA and SA,which in turn induce the transcription of CuRe1,and CuRe1 and SOBIR1/SOBIR1-like thereby activate HR-based and non-HR-based resistance to Cuscuta.This study underscores the important roles of hormone signaling and resistance(R)genes in host plant-parasitic plant interactions.
基金the China Scholarship Council for the award of fellowship and funding No.201908510177 and No.202106050030supported by dtec.bw–Digitalization and Technology Research Center of the Bundeswehr which Dr.Deng gratefully acknowledges project DMF+1 种基金the AMABML project founded by the Zentrum für Hochleistungs-materialien(ZHM)DEZAIN project for financial support via grant from GIF,the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development.
文摘This study investigates the effectiveness of salicylate(SAL)as an electrolyte additive on the discharge behavior of high-purity(HP)Mg anode in an aqueous half-cell system,using an integrated approach of mathematical modeling and experimental analysis.A finite elementbased model is developed to elucidate the key mechanisms by which SAL influences the voltage profile and pH.Systematic electrochemical measurements,especially intermittent discharge tests combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),demonstrate that SAL can enhance initial voltage stability of HP Mg anode.Moreover,the model incorporates the SAL-Mg complexation factor to describe the role of SAL in modifying the deposit film on HP Mg surface.The agreement between model predictions and experimental observations suggests that SAL facilitates the formation of compact Mg(OH)_(2) deposits and sustains a favorable pH environment within the half-cell compartment.This integrated approach provides new insights into understanding and optimizing additive effects for Mg-air batteries.
基金supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330056)。
文摘Originally extracted from willow bark,salicylic acid(SA)provided the structural basis for the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin)in 1897,a milestone that exemplifies the far-reaching biomedical relevance of plant-derived metabolites(Desborough and Keeling,2017).In plants,SA functions as a pleiotropic phytohormone that orchestrates immune reprogramming,serving as a central mediator of both local defense responses and systemic acquired resistance(SAR).
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30170764)
文摘The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves （Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramibalis c.v and Populus deltoids） suffocated by Methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and Methyl salicylate （MeSA） were monitored for analyzing their functions in interplant communications by using high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that the contents of phenolic acids had obviously difference in leaves exposed to either MeSA or MeJA.When P.deltoides leaves exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid was increased, gallic acid in leaves treated with MeJA comes to a peak at 24 h while to a peak at 12-d having leaves treated with MeSA.When P.Simonii ×P.Pyramibalis c.v leaves were exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, pyrocatechol and ferulic acid was increased; The catechinic acid and benzoic acid had a little drop; The caffeic acid and coumaric acid were undetected in both suffocated and control leaves.This changed pattern indicated that MeJA and MeSA can act as airborne signals to induce defense response of plants.
文摘A sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of aspirin (ASA) and its metabolite salicylic acid (SA) in human plasma has been developed and validated.The plasma ASA and SA were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and the sample extract was injected onto the LC-MS/MS system.The limits of quantitation(LLOQ) for ASA and SA are both 25 ng/mL.This method allowed the reproducible and accurate quantification with the concentration rang of 25-10 000 ng/mL.This method could be applied to the quantitation aspirin and salicylic acid in human plasma.
文摘This paper focused on the effect of spraying chitosan and salicylic acid to Litchi under low temperature stress conditions.The physiology and biochemistry of litchi were studied as well.Results showed that the appropriate concentration of chitosan and salicylic acid treatment could effectively reduce injury caused by low temperature to litchi,compared with water control,chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein content of litchi after treatment and the activity of protective enzyme increasing significantly.However,the accumulation of resistance could significantly be improved.Furthermore,when 1 000 mg/L chitosan combined with 50 mg/L salicylic acid,the litchi acquired the best cold resistance capability.
文摘The different resistance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars to crude toxin of Verticillium dah/iae(VD) was correlated with the activities of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase in callus cells. The activities of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase in the callus cells treated with the VD-toxin were increased to the higher level at earlier time point in resistant cultivars than these in the susceptible cultivars. Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) induced the accumulation of chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase, which resulted in the resistance of callus cells to the VD. toxin. Western blot using a polyclonal antibody against β -1,3-glucanase identified 28 kD protein that was induced by VD-toxin, SA, or VD-toxin plus SA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars(21425728)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21173093+4 种基金211770482127308821477044)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2013CFA114)the the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU14Z01001 CCNU14KFY002)~~
文摘In this study,we showed that BiO Br nanoplates prepared at different pH values have substratedependent photocatalytic activities under visible-light irradiation. The BiO Br nanoplates synthesized at pH 1（BOB-1） degraded salicylic acid more effectively than did those obtained at pH 3（BOB-3）,but the order of their photocatalytic activities in rhodamine B（RhB） degradation were reversed. Electrochemical Mott–Schottky and zeta-potential measurements showed that BOB-1 had a more positive valence band and lower surface charge,leading to superior photocatalytic activity in salicylic acid degradation under visible light. However,BOB-3 was more powerful in RhB degradation because larger numbers of superoxide radicals were generated via electron injection from the excited RhB to its more negative conduction band under visible-light irradiation; this was confirmed using active oxygen species measurements and electron spin resonance analysis. This study deepens our understanding of the origins of organic-pollutant-dependent photoreactivities of semiconductors,and will help in designing highly active photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
文摘Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and other senescence-related factors duringfruit ripening and softening at 20 ℃. The level of endogenous SA in ripening fruits declined and a closerelationship was observed between the change at endogenous SA level and the rate of fruit ripening andsoftening. ASA treatment elevated SA level in the fruit, slowed down the increases in lipoxygenase (LOX)and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activities, decreased the O22-. production in the preclimacteric phase andthe early phase of ethylene climacteric rise, maintained the stability of cell membrane, inhibited ethylenebiosynthesis, postponed the onset of the ethylene climacteric, and delayed the process of fruit ripeningand softening. On the contrary, application of ethylene to ripening kiwifruit resulted at a lower SA level, anaccelerated increases in the activities of LOX and AOS and the rate of O22-. production, an elevated relativeelectric conductivity and an advanced onset of ethylene climacteric, and a quicker fruit ripening andsoftening. It is suggested that the effects of ASA on ripening kiwifruit can be attributed to its ability toscavenge O22-. and/or to maintain stability of cell membrane.
文摘The possible physiological mechanism of enhancement of cold tolerance by salicylic acid (SA) in banana seedlings ( Musa acuminata cv. Williams 8188) was explored. Measurements of leakage electrolyte after 2 d of recovery at 30/22 ℃ (day/night) following 3 d of cold stress at 7 ℃ showed that pretreatment with hydroponic solution containing SA 0.3-0.9 mmol/L as foliar spray under normal growth conditions (30/22 ℃) could significantly enhance cold tolerance of banana plants. The highest enhancing effect of SA occurred at 0.5 mmol/L and it showed the lowest leakage rate of electrolyte or smaller leaf wilting area after 2 d of recovery at normal temperature from 3 d of 7 ℃ or 5 ℃ cold stress. Higher concentrations (≥2.5 mmol/L) of SA, however, caused more electrolyte leakage, indicating that they aggravated chilling damage. Enhanced cold tolerance by SA could be related to H 2O 2 metabolism. Compared with water_treated seedlings (control), SA 0.5 mmol/L treatment inhibited activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), increased peroxidase (POX) activity, but did not affect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under normal growth conditions, and these changes might lead to an accumulation of H 2O 2, whereas SA pretreatment enhanced the activities of CAT and APX, and reduced the increase in productions of H 2O 2 and thiobarbituric acid_reaction substances (TBARS) during subsequent 7 ℃ cold stress and recovery periods. Exogenous H 2O 2 treatments (1.5 -2.5 mmol/L) also increased cold tolerance of banana seedlings. Furthermore, pretreatment of banana seedlings with dimethylthiourea (a trap for H 2O 2) significantly inhibited cold tolerance induced by SA. These results suggested that endogenous H 2O 2 may be required for SA_enhanced cold tolerance. The significance of the interaction of SA, H 2O 2 and H 2O 2_metabolizing enzymes during cold stress has been discussed.
文摘In this article different types of ultradeformable liposomes were designed and the properties of transdermal delivery were studied with sodium salicylate as model drug. These results showed that liposomes with strong hydrophilic surfactant added is a new type of penetration enhancer.
文摘DA novel chitinase gene (GhChia7) was isolated from salicylic acid (SA)-treated cotton cotyledons and characterized by DNA sequence analysis of its cDNA and genomic DNA clone. The deduced amino acid sequence, designated as class VII chitinase, shares about 30% identity to class I or II chitinases, and does not correspond to any of the previously characterized classes I-VI chitinases. Northern blotting analysis showed that the transcripts of GhChia7 were abundant both in cotton fibers and in the roots of the seedlings. The accumulation of GhChia7 mRNA in SA-treated cotyledons reached maximum at 7.5 mmol/ L concentration after 18 h. Results indicate that GhChia7 might play an important role in cotton's active defense response.
文摘In this paper, a novel polymeric complex [MnNa（Salicylate）2（CH3OH）（H2O）]n·0.5nH2O was obtained and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The titled complex is crystallized in triclinic system, space group P1 with a=0.763 82（15） nm, b= 1.037 1（2） nm, c=1.290 9（3） nm, α= 103.59（3）°, β=104.65（3）°, γ=109.50（3）°, V=0.873 6（3） nm 3, Z=2, Dc=1.556 Mg/m 3, Mr=409.20, μ=0.823 mm -1, F（000）=418, R=0.0614, wR= 0.147 6. The activity in catalyzing the superoxygen anionic free radical dismutation was determinated.
