This article presents and argues for a collaborative model for disaster risk management in the Southern African Development Community(SADC).The research employed a qualitative study through a literature review and emp...This article presents and argues for a collaborative model for disaster risk management in the Southern African Development Community(SADC).The research employed a qualitative study through a literature review and empirical research through focus group interviews to realize its objectives.As a key theory of multinational collaboration,neoliberal institutionalism—a subset of the international relations theory—was used to develop the SADC institutional collaborative model.The model combined the theoretical,political,and technical dimensions of collaboration to enhance buy-in for the disaster risk management and reduction function of governments.The model demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to achieving disaster risk management and reduction in the SADC and elsewhere,if the developmental objectives of disaster risk reduction are to be realized without interference in the domestic affairs of the member countries.This model is therefore grounded in seeking consensus and cooperation among cooperating states in a quest to ensure national implementation of the regional framework on disaster risk reduction.展开更多
An algorithm developed at the University of Botswana is used to study solar radiation conditions in Namibia, South Africa, Mozambique and Botswana. The synoptic stations chosen for the study differ by meteorological c...An algorithm developed at the University of Botswana is used to study solar radiation conditions in Namibia, South Africa, Mozambique and Botswana. The synoptic stations chosen for the study differ by meteorological conditions and location： some are in coastal areas and others are in continental locations. The simulation results reveal that daily direct beam solar radiation, Hbn, is usually higher in the continental area than in the coastal one. The same situation is observed with daily global solar radiation, Hg. The difference becomes even larger for partly cloudy weather, because in coastal areas sunshine hours are usually less than in continental areas. Furthermore, coastal areas have higher humidity and bigger air mass compared to continental locations. It is concluded that continental areas are more convenient for utilisation of solar energy using solar devices with concentrators （middle-temperature and high-temperature Rankine cycles）, while at coastal areas flat-plate collectors and PV-arrays are preferable. It is found out that the range of optimum slopes for SADC countries studied is from ＋30° to -62°.展开更多
文摘This article presents and argues for a collaborative model for disaster risk management in the Southern African Development Community(SADC).The research employed a qualitative study through a literature review and empirical research through focus group interviews to realize its objectives.As a key theory of multinational collaboration,neoliberal institutionalism—a subset of the international relations theory—was used to develop the SADC institutional collaborative model.The model combined the theoretical,political,and technical dimensions of collaboration to enhance buy-in for the disaster risk management and reduction function of governments.The model demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to achieving disaster risk management and reduction in the SADC and elsewhere,if the developmental objectives of disaster risk reduction are to be realized without interference in the domestic affairs of the member countries.This model is therefore grounded in seeking consensus and cooperation among cooperating states in a quest to ensure national implementation of the regional framework on disaster risk reduction.
文摘An algorithm developed at the University of Botswana is used to study solar radiation conditions in Namibia, South Africa, Mozambique and Botswana. The synoptic stations chosen for the study differ by meteorological conditions and location： some are in coastal areas and others are in continental locations. The simulation results reveal that daily direct beam solar radiation, Hbn, is usually higher in the continental area than in the coastal one. The same situation is observed with daily global solar radiation, Hg. The difference becomes even larger for partly cloudy weather, because in coastal areas sunshine hours are usually less than in continental areas. Furthermore, coastal areas have higher humidity and bigger air mass compared to continental locations. It is concluded that continental areas are more convenient for utilisation of solar energy using solar devices with concentrators （middle-temperature and high-temperature Rankine cycles）, while at coastal areas flat-plate collectors and PV-arrays are preferable. It is found out that the range of optimum slopes for SADC countries studied is from ＋30° to -62°.
