为观察拟南芥突变体sad2(sensitive to ABA and drought)的微管列阵,以拟南芥突变体sad2-1和sad2-2为母本,转GFP(green fluorescence protein)-α-tubulin野生型拟南芥为父本杂交,并对F2代幼苗进行叶表型分析、卡那霉素抗性筛选和荧光...为观察拟南芥突变体sad2(sensitive to ABA and drought)的微管列阵,以拟南芥突变体sad2-1和sad2-2为母本,转GFP(green fluorescence protein)-α-tubulin野生型拟南芥为父本杂交,并对F2代幼苗进行叶表型分析、卡那霉素抗性筛选和荧光镜检。表型分析显示,拟南芥sad2-2突变体与转GFP-α-tubulin的杂交F2代幼苗叶片出现有毛和无毛2种性状,二者分离比为2.81∶1。卡那霉素抗性筛选显示,部分F2代幼苗在卡那霉素培养基上出现白化死亡,大部分可正常生长。荧光镜检显示,卡那霉素阳性苗的子叶出现GFP绿色荧光。此外,共聚焦显微镜观察显示,拟南芥突变体子叶细胞微管列阵清晰可见,且sad2-1和sad2-2两种突变体的微管比野生型更加致密,但sad2-1和sad2-2两突变体间无明显差异。说明:采用杂交法将GFP-α-tubulin引入突变体来分析微管是一种简便可靠的方法,且sad2基因影响细胞微管列阵,可用于sad2基因与微管功能的进一步研究。展开更多
Most genes identified that control Arabidopsis trichome initiation and formation are transcription factors or regulatory components in transcriptional networks and include GLABROUS1 （GL1）, GLABRA2 （GL2）, GLABRA3 ...Most genes identified that control Arabidopsis trichome initiation and formation are transcription factors or regulatory components in transcriptional networks and include GLABROUS1 （GL1）, GLABRA2 （GL2）, GLABRA3 （GL3） and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 （TTG1）. Herein, we report that an importin β-like protein, SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2 （SAD2）, is required for trichome initiation. Mutations in SAD2 disrupted trichome initiation resulting in reduced trichome number, but had no effect on trichome development or root hair number and development. Expression levels of GL1, MYB23, GL2 and TTG1 were reduced in shoots of sad2 mutants while expression levels of GL3 and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 （EGL3） were enhanced. Overexpression of GL3 increased trichome numbers in wild type but not in sad2 mutants, indicating that the function of the GL3 protein is altered in the sad2 mutants. In contrast, overexpression of GFP-GL1 decreased trichome number in both wild type and sad2. Double mutant analysis of gll sad2 and g13 sad2 indicated that SAD2 functions genetically, at least in part, in the same pathway with these two genes. Co-immunoprecipitation indicated that the sad2 mutation does not disrupt formation of the TTG1-GL3-GL1 complex. Analysis of GFP fusions of GL1, GL2, GL3 and TTG1 suggested that these proteins are most likely not direct cargo of SAD2. Our data suggest that SAD2 is involved in trichome initiation by regulating these nuclear genes.展开更多
文摘为观察拟南芥突变体sad2(sensitive to ABA and drought)的微管列阵,以拟南芥突变体sad2-1和sad2-2为母本,转GFP(green fluorescence protein)-α-tubulin野生型拟南芥为父本杂交,并对F2代幼苗进行叶表型分析、卡那霉素抗性筛选和荧光镜检。表型分析显示,拟南芥sad2-2突变体与转GFP-α-tubulin的杂交F2代幼苗叶片出现有毛和无毛2种性状,二者分离比为2.81∶1。卡那霉素抗性筛选显示,部分F2代幼苗在卡那霉素培养基上出现白化死亡,大部分可正常生长。荧光镜检显示,卡那霉素阳性苗的子叶出现GFP绿色荧光。此外,共聚焦显微镜观察显示,拟南芥突变体子叶细胞微管列阵清晰可见,且sad2-1和sad2-2两种突变体的微管比野生型更加致密,但sad2-1和sad2-2两突变体间无明显差异。说明:采用杂交法将GFP-α-tubulin引入突变体来分析微管是一种简便可靠的方法,且sad2基因影响细胞微管列阵,可用于sad2基因与微管功能的进一步研究。
基金the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2003AA210100) to Y. Guothe Department of Energy/Energy Bio-sciences (DE-FG02-04ER15616/G) to K.S. Schumaker
文摘Most genes identified that control Arabidopsis trichome initiation and formation are transcription factors or regulatory components in transcriptional networks and include GLABROUS1 （GL1）, GLABRA2 （GL2）, GLABRA3 （GL3） and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 （TTG1）. Herein, we report that an importin β-like protein, SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2 （SAD2）, is required for trichome initiation. Mutations in SAD2 disrupted trichome initiation resulting in reduced trichome number, but had no effect on trichome development or root hair number and development. Expression levels of GL1, MYB23, GL2 and TTG1 were reduced in shoots of sad2 mutants while expression levels of GL3 and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 （EGL3） were enhanced. Overexpression of GL3 increased trichome numbers in wild type but not in sad2 mutants, indicating that the function of the GL3 protein is altered in the sad2 mutants. In contrast, overexpression of GFP-GL1 decreased trichome number in both wild type and sad2. Double mutant analysis of gll sad2 and g13 sad2 indicated that SAD2 functions genetically, at least in part, in the same pathway with these two genes. Co-immunoprecipitation indicated that the sad2 mutation does not disrupt formation of the TTG1-GL3-GL1 complex. Analysis of GFP fusions of GL1, GL2, GL3 and TTG1 suggested that these proteins are most likely not direct cargo of SAD2. Our data suggest that SAD2 is involved in trichome initiation by regulating these nuclear genes.
