针对工业装配任务,尤其是不规则轴孔工件装配中,基于学习的前期样本质量低、训练过程不稳定等问题,提出一种融合引斥力模型(Attraction-Repulsion Model,ARM)引导机制和长短期记忆网络(Long Short Term Memory,LSTM)的柔性演员-评论家(S...针对工业装配任务,尤其是不规则轴孔工件装配中,基于学习的前期样本质量低、训练过程不稳定等问题,提出一种融合引斥力模型(Attraction-Repulsion Model,ARM)引导机制和长短期记忆网络(Long Short Term Memory,LSTM)的柔性演员-评论家(Soft Actor-Critic,SAC)算法。首先,为解决训练初期探索效率低的问题,提出一种基于引斥力模型的策略引导机制,通过目标位置信息引导机械臂运动,加速收敛过程;其次,基于长短期记忆网络对算法的策略网络和价值网络进行改进,有效利用历史信息,增强策略学习能力,提高算法的收敛速度和稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法在行星减速器中心轴装配任务中取得显著的效果,装配成功率高达99.4%,与普通SAC算法相比,平均最大接触力和力矩分别降低了68.8%和79.2%。在物理环境中装配成功率达95%以上,最大接触力和力矩分别小于10 N和1.5 N·m,验证了算法的有效性。展开更多
Air flow in an avian lung was studied numerically to determine the effects of air sac compliance on flow in the parabronchi. In this preliminary study, the geometry of the avian respiratory system was simplified to ca...Air flow in an avian lung was studied numerically to determine the effects of air sac compliance on flow in the parabronchi. In this preliminary study, the geometry of the avian respiratory system was simplified to capture the characteristics of respiratory flow. The pressure fluctuation within air sacs caused by inflation and deflation was expressed by a lumped parameter model. The results demonstrate that the flow direction in the parabronchi varied, depending upon the compliance of the air sacs. A unidirectional flow in the parabronchi was achieved for compliances where pressure fluctuations in all air sacs were in phase. Air sac compliance significantly affected the pressures in the anterior and posterior air sacs and thus the pressure difference over the parabronchi that drove the flow in the parabronchi. These results address the importance of air sac compliance in the avian respiratory system and suggest that the compliance of air sacs would be optimized to accomplish unidirectional flow in the parabronchi.展开更多
Cardiopteris Wall,ex Royle(1836)(=Periptery-gium Hassk.),comprising three species:C.platy-carpa,C.quinqueloba,C.moluccana,is distributed from southeast Asia to northeast Australia.Its system-atic position and relation...Cardiopteris Wall,ex Royle(1836)(=Periptery-gium Hassk.),comprising three species:C.platy-carpa,C.quinqueloba,C.moluccana,is distributed from southeast Asia to northeast Australia.Its system-atic position and relationship are controversial.The genus has been assigned to Olacaceae[2]or Icacinaceae Blume conceived it as a type of monogeneric family3.and now most taxonomists place it in the order of Celas-trales as a distinct family with affinities to Icaci-naceae(4-6),However,Cronquist ever thought that the genus was insufficiently studied and might prove to be misplaced in the Celastrales4.Recently,Takhtajan considered it as an independent order,while it is in an uncertain position based on morphological or molecular data[8].It is clear that the systematic position of Car-diopteris can not be detemmined until it has been more carefully studied.Comparative embryology has been an important approach in revealing the relationship of taxa at familiar or higher levels.The embryological investiga-tions reported in this paper were carried out to provide more information on Cardiopteris classification.Its embry-ological features were thoroughly observed:Cardiopteris has a new type of embryo sac,whose eg apparatus sits in the chalazal end.展开更多
Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence b...Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence by showing relevant antioxidant and passive immunity capabilities during broiler embryonic development.The immunomodulatory effects of phytogenic compound carvacrol have been widely reported.After in ovo delivery in the amniotic fluid during embryonic development carvacrol is known to migrate to the yolk sac.However,it is unknown whether carvacrol in the yolk could enhance defence responsiveness in the yolk sac.Therefore,the aim of this study was to improve early immune function in chicken embryos,and it was hypothesized that in ovo delivery of carvacrol would result in immunomodulatory effects in the yolk sac,potentially improving post-hatch resilience.Methods On embryonic day(E)17.5,either a saline(control)or carvacrol solution was injected into the amniotic fluid.Yolk sac tissue samples were collected at E19.5,and transcriptomic analyses using RNA sequencing were performed,following functional enrichment analyses comparing the control(saline)and carvacrol-injected groups.Results The results showed that 268 genes were upregulated and 174 downregulated in the carvacrol group compared to the control(P<0.05;logFC<-0.5 or log FC>0.5).Functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes,using KEGG,REACTOME,and Gene Ontology databases,showed enrichment of several immune-related pathways.This included the pathways‘Antimicrobial peptides’(P=0.001)and‘Chemoattractant activity’(P=0.004),amongst others.Moreover,the‘NOD-like receptor signaling’pathway was enriched(P=0.002).Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomeriza-tion domain(NOD)-like receptor pathway activation.While these responses may be associated with an inflammatory reaction to an exogenous threat,they could also indicate that in ovo delivery of carvacrol could prepare the newly hatched chick against bacterial pathogens by potentially promoting antimicrobial peptide production through acti-vation of NOD-like receptor signaling in the yolk sac.Conclusion In conclusion,these findings suggest that in ovo delivery of carvacrol has the potential to enhance anti-pathogenic and pro-inflammatory responses in the yolk sac via upregulation of antimicrobial peptides,and NOD-like receptor pathways.展开更多
近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。...近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。该研究揭示了大语言模型工具学习系统(LLM Tool-Learning System)存在的安全隐患,通过模拟攻击者工具投毒,分析造成的信息窃取风险并提出针对性防御方法,弥补了现有推理端安全检测方法的不足。论文主要完成人为特别研究助理江子攸、副研究员李明阳、研究员王俊杰和研究员王青。展开更多
BACKGROUND The presence of a large paraesophageal hernia is a source of concern in foregut surgery.Thus,scholars have focused on ascertaining the optimal surgical approach,methods for reinforcing the esophageal hiatus...BACKGROUND The presence of a large paraesophageal hernia is a source of concern in foregut surgery.Thus,scholars have focused on ascertaining the optimal surgical approach,methods for reinforcing the esophageal hiatus,and strategies for preventing hernia recurrence and gastroesophageal reflux.AIM To investigate the outcomes of surgery for giant paraesophageal hernias without sac removal.METHODS Sixty-six consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a giant paraesophageal hernia between May 2010 and December 2024 were included in this retrospective study.The pre-and postoperative examinations included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,X-ray with barium contrast swallow,contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)scans of the chest and abdomen,24-hour potential hydrogen esophageal monitoring,and esophagomanometry.The study group included 36 patients who underwent surgery without sac removal,and the control group included 30 patients who underwent surgery with sac removal.RESULTS Fifty-two patients(28 in the study group and 24 in the control group)underwent laparoscopic procedures,10(6 in the study group and 4 in the control group)underwent open procedures,and 4(2 in each group)underwent conversion procedures.The operative time and postoperative length of stay were significantly longer in the control group than in the study group.In 12 patients in the study group,X-ray examination on postoperative days 3-5 revealed air-fluid levels at the site of the remaining hernia sac;all air-fluid levels disappeared without intervention 2 months later.Postoperative day 60 CT and X-ray examinations revealed no pathological changes related to the hernia sac in the mediastinum.CONCLUSION Removal of the hernia sac during surgery for giant paraesophageal hernias is not mandatory.Further large-scale multicentric randomized trials are needed for a more detailed investigation in this field.展开更多
Eucotylidae is a family of microphalloid digeneans parasitising as adults in the urinary system of birds.There are few molecular data on members of this family,and phylogenetic relationships of its genera and species ...Eucotylidae is a family of microphalloid digeneans parasitising as adults in the urinary system of birds.There are few molecular data on members of this family,and phylogenetic relationships of its genera and species are still unclear.Here we present new morphological and molecular data on a eucotylid species Tanaisia atra(Nezlobinsky,1926).Specimens of T.atra were found in Eurasian Coot Fulica atra Linnaeus,1758 in European and Asian parts of Russia and examined using optical and SEM microscopy and molecular techniques.We report the presence of a well-developed cirrus sac and different types of tegumental scales in this species for the first time.All molecular markers used in our study(ITS2 region,28S rRNA and cox1gene)indicate that T.atra isolates from European and Asian parts of Russia are conspecific.In phylograms based on ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene sequences,T.atra clustered with other Tanaisia spp.展开更多
AIM:To describe the anatomic characteristics of the lacrimal sac and its adjacent bone structures and to provide surgical recommendations for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(EN-DCR).METHODS:This retrospective compara...AIM:To describe the anatomic characteristics of the lacrimal sac and its adjacent bone structures and to provide surgical recommendations for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(EN-DCR).METHODS:This retrospective comparative study involved 118 sides with complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction and 83 unaffected sides from 126 patients.Computed tomographic-dacryocystography(CT-DCG)scans were performed before lacrimal surgery,and image reconstruction was used to obtain continuous 0.75-mm axial,coronal,and segmental sections for review.The morphology of the lacrimal sac and its relationship with adjacent bony structures were determined for measurement,as well as the obstructed location.RESULTS:The height of the lacrimal sac was 12.99±2.10 mm in this study.The operculum of the middle turbinate(OMT)was located vertically in the lower third of the lacrimal sac.Horizontally,the junction between the maxillary bone and the lacrimal bone(MB-LB)was close to,mostly(60.2%)posterior to,the lacrimal sac.The uncinate process was more frequently attached to the lacrimal bones(75.1%).The obstructions were generally located around the entrance of the nasolacrimal duct(NLD).However,some were placed higher,with 7.63%blocked not lower than the OMT.There was a negative correlation between the diameter of the lacrimal sac and the level of obstruction(r=-0.35,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:In this study,the OMT and MB-LB can be served as the landmarks in EN-DCR.Partial uncinectomy should be performed in most cases.The obstructions were generally located around the entrance of the NLD,but some extreme individual variations strongly implies the importance of CT-DCG scanning before surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is at the forefront of the global spectrum of cancer incidence and mortality,with conventional therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors limited by resistance.Recent studies hav...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is at the forefront of the global spectrum of cancer incidence and mortality,with conventional therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors limited by resistance.Recent studies have highlighted the promising anticancer effects of nitidine chloride(NC)against HCC.SAC3 domain containing 1(SAC3D1)is critical for centrosome replication and spindle formation.However,research on SAC3D1 in HCC and NC remains limited.AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying SAC3D1’s role in HCC progression and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic target of NC.METHODS RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)identified SAC3D1 expression changes in HCC cells after NC treatment.Molecular docking was further employed to validate the direct binding between NC and SAC3D1.Additionally,HCC multicenter data(The Cancer Genome Atlas_GTEx,ArrayExpress),pathway analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and SAC3D1 in vitro knockdown experiments were integrated to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying SAC3D1's involvement in HCC progression.RESULTS RNA-seq showed that NC treatment significantly downregulated SAC3D1 expression[log2(fold change)=-0.95,P<0.05],with molecular docking revealing that NC directly bound to SAC3D1 proteins(binding energy:-9.7 kcal/mol).Enrichment analysis showed that most pathways were closely related to the cell cycle.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that SAC3D1 and cell cycle genes were significantly positively correlated(correlation coefficient≥0.3,P<0.05).SAC3D1 knockdown inhibited HCC cell invasion,migration,and proliferation by arresting cells in the S and G2/M phases.Flow cytometry confirmed that after SAC3D1 knockdown,the early and total apoptosis percentage of HCC cells decreased,while the late apoptosis percentage increased.CONCLUSION As a potential target of NC,SAC3D1 may inhibit HCC progression through cell cycle regulation following its downregulation by NC.展开更多
文摘针对工业装配任务,尤其是不规则轴孔工件装配中,基于学习的前期样本质量低、训练过程不稳定等问题,提出一种融合引斥力模型(Attraction-Repulsion Model,ARM)引导机制和长短期记忆网络(Long Short Term Memory,LSTM)的柔性演员-评论家(Soft Actor-Critic,SAC)算法。首先,为解决训练初期探索效率低的问题,提出一种基于引斥力模型的策略引导机制,通过目标位置信息引导机械臂运动,加速收敛过程;其次,基于长短期记忆网络对算法的策略网络和价值网络进行改进,有效利用历史信息,增强策略学习能力,提高算法的收敛速度和稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法在行星减速器中心轴装配任务中取得显著的效果,装配成功率高达99.4%,与普通SAC算法相比,平均最大接触力和力矩分别降低了68.8%和79.2%。在物理环境中装配成功率达95%以上,最大接触力和力矩分别小于10 N和1.5 N·m,验证了算法的有效性。
文摘Air flow in an avian lung was studied numerically to determine the effects of air sac compliance on flow in the parabronchi. In this preliminary study, the geometry of the avian respiratory system was simplified to capture the characteristics of respiratory flow. The pressure fluctuation within air sacs caused by inflation and deflation was expressed by a lumped parameter model. The results demonstrate that the flow direction in the parabronchi varied, depending upon the compliance of the air sacs. A unidirectional flow in the parabronchi was achieved for compliances where pressure fluctuations in all air sacs were in phase. Air sac compliance significantly affected the pressures in the anterior and posterior air sacs and thus the pressure difference over the parabronchi that drove the flow in the parabronchi. These results address the importance of air sac compliance in the avian respiratory system and suggest that the compliance of air sacs would be optimized to accomplish unidirectional flow in the parabronchi.
文摘Cardiopteris Wall,ex Royle(1836)(=Periptery-gium Hassk.),comprising three species:C.platy-carpa,C.quinqueloba,C.moluccana,is distributed from southeast Asia to northeast Australia.Its system-atic position and relationship are controversial.The genus has been assigned to Olacaceae[2]or Icacinaceae Blume conceived it as a type of monogeneric family3.and now most taxonomists place it in the order of Celas-trales as a distinct family with affinities to Icaci-naceae(4-6),However,Cronquist ever thought that the genus was insufficiently studied and might prove to be misplaced in the Celastrales4.Recently,Takhtajan considered it as an independent order,while it is in an uncertain position based on morphological or molecular data[8].It is clear that the systematic position of Car-diopteris can not be detemmined until it has been more carefully studied.Comparative embryology has been an important approach in revealing the relationship of taxa at familiar or higher levels.The embryological investiga-tions reported in this paper were carried out to provide more information on Cardiopteris classification.Its embry-ological features were thoroughly observed:Cardiopteris has a new type of embryo sac,whose eg apparatus sits in the chalazal end.
基金support by AgriFutures Australia’s Chicken Meat Program[grant number PRJ-011584]is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence by showing relevant antioxidant and passive immunity capabilities during broiler embryonic development.The immunomodulatory effects of phytogenic compound carvacrol have been widely reported.After in ovo delivery in the amniotic fluid during embryonic development carvacrol is known to migrate to the yolk sac.However,it is unknown whether carvacrol in the yolk could enhance defence responsiveness in the yolk sac.Therefore,the aim of this study was to improve early immune function in chicken embryos,and it was hypothesized that in ovo delivery of carvacrol would result in immunomodulatory effects in the yolk sac,potentially improving post-hatch resilience.Methods On embryonic day(E)17.5,either a saline(control)or carvacrol solution was injected into the amniotic fluid.Yolk sac tissue samples were collected at E19.5,and transcriptomic analyses using RNA sequencing were performed,following functional enrichment analyses comparing the control(saline)and carvacrol-injected groups.Results The results showed that 268 genes were upregulated and 174 downregulated in the carvacrol group compared to the control(P<0.05;logFC<-0.5 or log FC>0.5).Functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes,using KEGG,REACTOME,and Gene Ontology databases,showed enrichment of several immune-related pathways.This included the pathways‘Antimicrobial peptides’(P=0.001)and‘Chemoattractant activity’(P=0.004),amongst others.Moreover,the‘NOD-like receptor signaling’pathway was enriched(P=0.002).Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomeriza-tion domain(NOD)-like receptor pathway activation.While these responses may be associated with an inflammatory reaction to an exogenous threat,they could also indicate that in ovo delivery of carvacrol could prepare the newly hatched chick against bacterial pathogens by potentially promoting antimicrobial peptide production through acti-vation of NOD-like receptor signaling in the yolk sac.Conclusion In conclusion,these findings suggest that in ovo delivery of carvacrol has the potential to enhance anti-pathogenic and pro-inflammatory responses in the yolk sac via upregulation of antimicrobial peptides,and NOD-like receptor pathways.
文摘近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。该研究揭示了大语言模型工具学习系统(LLM Tool-Learning System)存在的安全隐患,通过模拟攻击者工具投毒,分析造成的信息窃取风险并提出针对性防御方法,弥补了现有推理端安全检测方法的不足。论文主要完成人为特别研究助理江子攸、副研究员李明阳、研究员王俊杰和研究员王青。
文摘BACKGROUND The presence of a large paraesophageal hernia is a source of concern in foregut surgery.Thus,scholars have focused on ascertaining the optimal surgical approach,methods for reinforcing the esophageal hiatus,and strategies for preventing hernia recurrence and gastroesophageal reflux.AIM To investigate the outcomes of surgery for giant paraesophageal hernias without sac removal.METHODS Sixty-six consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a giant paraesophageal hernia between May 2010 and December 2024 were included in this retrospective study.The pre-and postoperative examinations included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,X-ray with barium contrast swallow,contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)scans of the chest and abdomen,24-hour potential hydrogen esophageal monitoring,and esophagomanometry.The study group included 36 patients who underwent surgery without sac removal,and the control group included 30 patients who underwent surgery with sac removal.RESULTS Fifty-two patients(28 in the study group and 24 in the control group)underwent laparoscopic procedures,10(6 in the study group and 4 in the control group)underwent open procedures,and 4(2 in each group)underwent conversion procedures.The operative time and postoperative length of stay were significantly longer in the control group than in the study group.In 12 patients in the study group,X-ray examination on postoperative days 3-5 revealed air-fluid levels at the site of the remaining hernia sac;all air-fluid levels disappeared without intervention 2 months later.Postoperative day 60 CT and X-ray examinations revealed no pathological changes related to the hernia sac in the mediastinum.CONCLUSION Removal of the hernia sac during surgery for giant paraesophageal hernias is not mandatory.Further large-scale multicentric randomized trials are needed for a more detailed investigation in this field.
基金supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education FFER-2024-0027。
文摘Eucotylidae is a family of microphalloid digeneans parasitising as adults in the urinary system of birds.There are few molecular data on members of this family,and phylogenetic relationships of its genera and species are still unclear.Here we present new morphological and molecular data on a eucotylid species Tanaisia atra(Nezlobinsky,1926).Specimens of T.atra were found in Eurasian Coot Fulica atra Linnaeus,1758 in European and Asian parts of Russia and examined using optical and SEM microscopy and molecular techniques.We report the presence of a well-developed cirrus sac and different types of tegumental scales in this species for the first time.All molecular markers used in our study(ITS2 region,28S rRNA and cox1gene)indicate that T.atra isolates from European and Asian parts of Russia are conspecific.In phylograms based on ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene sequences,T.atra clustered with other Tanaisia spp.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81700807).
文摘AIM:To describe the anatomic characteristics of the lacrimal sac and its adjacent bone structures and to provide surgical recommendations for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(EN-DCR).METHODS:This retrospective comparative study involved 118 sides with complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction and 83 unaffected sides from 126 patients.Computed tomographic-dacryocystography(CT-DCG)scans were performed before lacrimal surgery,and image reconstruction was used to obtain continuous 0.75-mm axial,coronal,and segmental sections for review.The morphology of the lacrimal sac and its relationship with adjacent bony structures were determined for measurement,as well as the obstructed location.RESULTS:The height of the lacrimal sac was 12.99±2.10 mm in this study.The operculum of the middle turbinate(OMT)was located vertically in the lower third of the lacrimal sac.Horizontally,the junction between the maxillary bone and the lacrimal bone(MB-LB)was close to,mostly(60.2%)posterior to,the lacrimal sac.The uncinate process was more frequently attached to the lacrimal bones(75.1%).The obstructions were generally located around the entrance of the nasolacrimal duct(NLD).However,some were placed higher,with 7.63%blocked not lower than the OMT.There was a negative correlation between the diameter of the lacrimal sac and the level of obstruction(r=-0.35,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:In this study,the OMT and MB-LB can be served as the landmarks in EN-DCR.Partial uncinectomy should be performed in most cases.The obstructions were generally located around the entrance of the NLD,but some extreme individual variations strongly implies the importance of CT-DCG scanning before surgery.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160762 and No.82460783Guangxi Medical University“Four New”Project,No.SX202403+2 种基金Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.JGY2023068Guangxi Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project,No.2022JGA146China Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,No.202310598045.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is at the forefront of the global spectrum of cancer incidence and mortality,with conventional therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors limited by resistance.Recent studies have highlighted the promising anticancer effects of nitidine chloride(NC)against HCC.SAC3 domain containing 1(SAC3D1)is critical for centrosome replication and spindle formation.However,research on SAC3D1 in HCC and NC remains limited.AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying SAC3D1’s role in HCC progression and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic target of NC.METHODS RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)identified SAC3D1 expression changes in HCC cells after NC treatment.Molecular docking was further employed to validate the direct binding between NC and SAC3D1.Additionally,HCC multicenter data(The Cancer Genome Atlas_GTEx,ArrayExpress),pathway analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and SAC3D1 in vitro knockdown experiments were integrated to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying SAC3D1's involvement in HCC progression.RESULTS RNA-seq showed that NC treatment significantly downregulated SAC3D1 expression[log2(fold change)=-0.95,P<0.05],with molecular docking revealing that NC directly bound to SAC3D1 proteins(binding energy:-9.7 kcal/mol).Enrichment analysis showed that most pathways were closely related to the cell cycle.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that SAC3D1 and cell cycle genes were significantly positively correlated(correlation coefficient≥0.3,P<0.05).SAC3D1 knockdown inhibited HCC cell invasion,migration,and proliferation by arresting cells in the S and G2/M phases.Flow cytometry confirmed that after SAC3D1 knockdown,the early and total apoptosis percentage of HCC cells decreased,while the late apoptosis percentage increased.CONCLUSION As a potential target of NC,SAC3D1 may inhibit HCC progression through cell cycle regulation following its downregulation by NC.
