Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence b...Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence by showing relevant antioxidant and passive immunity capabilities during broiler embryonic development.The immunomodulatory effects of phytogenic compound carvacrol have been widely reported.After in ovo delivery in the amniotic fluid during embryonic development carvacrol is known to migrate to the yolk sac.However,it is unknown whether carvacrol in the yolk could enhance defence responsiveness in the yolk sac.Therefore,the aim of this study was to improve early immune function in chicken embryos,and it was hypothesized that in ovo delivery of carvacrol would result in immunomodulatory effects in the yolk sac,potentially improving post-hatch resilience.Methods On embryonic day(E)17.5,either a saline(control)or carvacrol solution was injected into the amniotic fluid.Yolk sac tissue samples were collected at E19.5,and transcriptomic analyses using RNA sequencing were performed,following functional enrichment analyses comparing the control(saline)and carvacrol-injected groups.Results The results showed that 268 genes were upregulated and 174 downregulated in the carvacrol group compared to the control(P<0.05;logFC<-0.5 or log FC>0.5).Functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes,using KEGG,REACTOME,and Gene Ontology databases,showed enrichment of several immune-related pathways.This included the pathways‘Antimicrobial peptides’(P=0.001)and‘Chemoattractant activity’(P=0.004),amongst others.Moreover,the‘NOD-like receptor signaling’pathway was enriched(P=0.002).Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomeriza-tion domain(NOD)-like receptor pathway activation.While these responses may be associated with an inflammatory reaction to an exogenous threat,they could also indicate that in ovo delivery of carvacrol could prepare the newly hatched chick against bacterial pathogens by potentially promoting antimicrobial peptide production through acti-vation of NOD-like receptor signaling in the yolk sac.Conclusion In conclusion,these findings suggest that in ovo delivery of carvacrol has the potential to enhance anti-pathogenic and pro-inflammatory responses in the yolk sac via upregulation of antimicrobial peptides,and NOD-like receptor pathways.展开更多
近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。...近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。该研究揭示了大语言模型工具学习系统(LLM Tool-Learning System)存在的安全隐患,通过模拟攻击者工具投毒,分析造成的信息窃取风险并提出针对性防御方法,弥补了现有推理端安全检测方法的不足。论文主要完成人为特别研究助理江子攸、副研究员李明阳、研究员王俊杰和研究员王青。展开更多
BACKGROUND The presence of a large paraesophageal hernia is a source of concern in foregut surgery.Thus,scholars have focused on ascertaining the optimal surgical approach,methods for reinforcing the esophageal hiatus...BACKGROUND The presence of a large paraesophageal hernia is a source of concern in foregut surgery.Thus,scholars have focused on ascertaining the optimal surgical approach,methods for reinforcing the esophageal hiatus,and strategies for preventing hernia recurrence and gastroesophageal reflux.AIM To investigate the outcomes of surgery for giant paraesophageal hernias without sac removal.METHODS Sixty-six consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a giant paraesophageal hernia between May 2010 and December 2024 were included in this retrospective study.The pre-and postoperative examinations included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,X-ray with barium contrast swallow,contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)scans of the chest and abdomen,24-hour potential hydrogen esophageal monitoring,and esophagomanometry.The study group included 36 patients who underwent surgery without sac removal,and the control group included 30 patients who underwent surgery with sac removal.RESULTS Fifty-two patients(28 in the study group and 24 in the control group)underwent laparoscopic procedures,10(6 in the study group and 4 in the control group)underwent open procedures,and 4(2 in each group)underwent conversion procedures.The operative time and postoperative length of stay were significantly longer in the control group than in the study group.In 12 patients in the study group,X-ray examination on postoperative days 3-5 revealed air-fluid levels at the site of the remaining hernia sac;all air-fluid levels disappeared without intervention 2 months later.Postoperative day 60 CT and X-ray examinations revealed no pathological changes related to the hernia sac in the mediastinum.CONCLUSION Removal of the hernia sac during surgery for giant paraesophageal hernias is not mandatory.Further large-scale multicentric randomized trials are needed for a more detailed investigation in this field.展开更多
基金support by AgriFutures Australia’s Chicken Meat Program[grant number PRJ-011584]is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence by showing relevant antioxidant and passive immunity capabilities during broiler embryonic development.The immunomodulatory effects of phytogenic compound carvacrol have been widely reported.After in ovo delivery in the amniotic fluid during embryonic development carvacrol is known to migrate to the yolk sac.However,it is unknown whether carvacrol in the yolk could enhance defence responsiveness in the yolk sac.Therefore,the aim of this study was to improve early immune function in chicken embryos,and it was hypothesized that in ovo delivery of carvacrol would result in immunomodulatory effects in the yolk sac,potentially improving post-hatch resilience.Methods On embryonic day(E)17.5,either a saline(control)or carvacrol solution was injected into the amniotic fluid.Yolk sac tissue samples were collected at E19.5,and transcriptomic analyses using RNA sequencing were performed,following functional enrichment analyses comparing the control(saline)and carvacrol-injected groups.Results The results showed that 268 genes were upregulated and 174 downregulated in the carvacrol group compared to the control(P<0.05;logFC<-0.5 or log FC>0.5).Functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes,using KEGG,REACTOME,and Gene Ontology databases,showed enrichment of several immune-related pathways.This included the pathways‘Antimicrobial peptides’(P=0.001)and‘Chemoattractant activity’(P=0.004),amongst others.Moreover,the‘NOD-like receptor signaling’pathway was enriched(P=0.002).Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomeriza-tion domain(NOD)-like receptor pathway activation.While these responses may be associated with an inflammatory reaction to an exogenous threat,they could also indicate that in ovo delivery of carvacrol could prepare the newly hatched chick against bacterial pathogens by potentially promoting antimicrobial peptide production through acti-vation of NOD-like receptor signaling in the yolk sac.Conclusion In conclusion,these findings suggest that in ovo delivery of carvacrol has the potential to enhance anti-pathogenic and pro-inflammatory responses in the yolk sac via upregulation of antimicrobial peptides,and NOD-like receptor pathways.
文摘近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。该研究揭示了大语言模型工具学习系统(LLM Tool-Learning System)存在的安全隐患,通过模拟攻击者工具投毒,分析造成的信息窃取风险并提出针对性防御方法,弥补了现有推理端安全检测方法的不足。论文主要完成人为特别研究助理江子攸、副研究员李明阳、研究员王俊杰和研究员王青。
文摘BACKGROUND The presence of a large paraesophageal hernia is a source of concern in foregut surgery.Thus,scholars have focused on ascertaining the optimal surgical approach,methods for reinforcing the esophageal hiatus,and strategies for preventing hernia recurrence and gastroesophageal reflux.AIM To investigate the outcomes of surgery for giant paraesophageal hernias without sac removal.METHODS Sixty-six consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a giant paraesophageal hernia between May 2010 and December 2024 were included in this retrospective study.The pre-and postoperative examinations included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,X-ray with barium contrast swallow,contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)scans of the chest and abdomen,24-hour potential hydrogen esophageal monitoring,and esophagomanometry.The study group included 36 patients who underwent surgery without sac removal,and the control group included 30 patients who underwent surgery with sac removal.RESULTS Fifty-two patients(28 in the study group and 24 in the control group)underwent laparoscopic procedures,10(6 in the study group and 4 in the control group)underwent open procedures,and 4(2 in each group)underwent conversion procedures.The operative time and postoperative length of stay were significantly longer in the control group than in the study group.In 12 patients in the study group,X-ray examination on postoperative days 3-5 revealed air-fluid levels at the site of the remaining hernia sac;all air-fluid levels disappeared without intervention 2 months later.Postoperative day 60 CT and X-ray examinations revealed no pathological changes related to the hernia sac in the mediastinum.CONCLUSION Removal of the hernia sac during surgery for giant paraesophageal hernias is not mandatory.Further large-scale multicentric randomized trials are needed for a more detailed investigation in this field.
