科学发现的历程,伴随着人类认知世界方式不断革新的过程。从远古先民对自然现象的简单观察,到现代科学家借助精密仪器探索宇宙奥秘,每一次认知工具与研究方法的突破,都推动着科学发现范式的迭代演进。今天,人工智能技术与科学研究的深...科学发现的历程,伴随着人类认知世界方式不断革新的过程。从远古先民对自然现象的简单观察,到现代科学家借助精密仪器探索宇宙奥秘,每一次认知工具与研究方法的突破,都推动着科学发现范式的迭代演进。今天,人工智能技术与科学研究的深度融合催生了AI4S(人工智能驱动的科学,AI for Science),这一全新的科学发现范式正突破传统研究的边界,重塑科学探索的逻辑框架,为人类解开自然之谜注入前所未有的强大动力。展开更多
To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical nee...To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.展开更多
目的研究布地奈德(BUD)对S100钙结合蛋白A4(S100A4)诱导的肥大细胞活化、炎性因子释放及受体表达的影响。方法8~10周龄野生型(WT)的C57BL/6健康雄性小鼠2只,取胫骨与股骨提取骨髓进行骨髓源肥大细胞(BMMCs)培养,将5 mL PBS注射至小鼠腹...目的研究布地奈德(BUD)对S100钙结合蛋白A4(S100A4)诱导的肥大细胞活化、炎性因子释放及受体表达的影响。方法8~10周龄野生型(WT)的C57BL/6健康雄性小鼠2只,取胫骨与股骨提取骨髓进行骨髓源肥大细胞(BMMCs)培养,将5 mL PBS注射至小鼠腹腔,取腹腔灌洗液以获取腹膜来源的肥大细胞(PMCs);采用S100A4蛋白与BUD处理小鼠BMMCs和PMCs,实验分为PBS组、S100A4组、BUD组及S100A4+BUD组;β-己糖胺酶(β-hex)释放实验检测细胞脱颗粒指标β-hex、ELISA测定细胞活化介质类胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及白三烯B4的释放,流式细胞术编码微球芯片技术(CBA)法检测炎性因子(IL-5、IL-6、IL-13和TNF-α)分泌水平以及Toll样受体4(TLR4)和晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)的表达。结果在BMMCs与PMCs中,与PBS组相比,S100A4组培养上清中β-hex、类胰蛋白酶、白三烯B4及相关炎性因子IL-5、IL-6、IL-13和TNF-α的释放增加,细胞上TLR4和RAGE的表达上调(P<0.05);与S100A4组相比,S100A4+BUD组肥大细胞活化及炎性因子分泌明显被抑制,同时TLR4的表达下调(P<0.05),而RAGE的表达无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论BUD能够抑制S100A4介导的肥大细胞活化及炎性因子释放,并下调TLR4的表达,但不影响RAGE的表达,BUD可能通过TLR-4受体发挥其功能,为BUD在过敏性炎症中的应用提供新的理论依据。展开更多
[目的/意义]AI4S(AI for Science)作为人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)与科学研究深度融合的新兴形态,引发了科研范式的深刻变革,通过AI技术加速科学发现,推动科学研究从传统的经验、直觉驱动向数据与AI共同驱动转变,已在众多科...[目的/意义]AI4S(AI for Science)作为人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)与科学研究深度融合的新兴形态,引发了科研范式的深刻变革,通过AI技术加速科学发现,推动科学研究从传统的经验、直觉驱动向数据与AI共同驱动转变,已在众多科学领域实现了创新突破,也为农业科研转型带来新的机遇。[进展]本文梳理并分析了AI4S发展现状及其对农业科研产生的影响,研究发现近年来AI4S已取得显著进展,国内外积极布局相关前沿领域并出台系列政策以抢占新一轮科技战略制高点,且在多个学科领域得到了广泛应用。在农业科研领域,AI在加速多学科交叉融合、促进科研效率提升、助力复杂问题突破、驱动科研范式变革和升级科研基础设施五个方面发挥了重要作用。[结论/展望]面向农业科研新需求、核心领域与研究过程,提出了农业智能科研(A IforAgri-cultural Science,AI4AS)的概念及体系关键要素,涵盖大科学基础设施、大数据资源、大模型算法和大协同平台等部分。最后,针对数据资源、模型能力、科研生态,以及人才培养等挑战,从顶层设计规划、关键技术体系、协同创新体系、学科体系建设、复合人才引育等角度,提出打造面向AI4S发展的农业科研新体系的实现路径与具体建议。展开更多
文摘科学发现的历程,伴随着人类认知世界方式不断革新的过程。从远古先民对自然现象的简单观察,到现代科学家借助精密仪器探索宇宙奥秘,每一次认知工具与研究方法的突破,都推动着科学发现范式的迭代演进。今天,人工智能技术与科学研究的深度融合催生了AI4S(人工智能驱动的科学,AI for Science),这一全新的科学发现范式正突破传统研究的边界,重塑科学探索的逻辑框架,为人类解开自然之谜注入前所未有的强大动力。
基金Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI,No.25K11274.
文摘To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.
文摘目的研究布地奈德(BUD)对S100钙结合蛋白A4(S100A4)诱导的肥大细胞活化、炎性因子释放及受体表达的影响。方法8~10周龄野生型(WT)的C57BL/6健康雄性小鼠2只,取胫骨与股骨提取骨髓进行骨髓源肥大细胞(BMMCs)培养,将5 mL PBS注射至小鼠腹腔,取腹腔灌洗液以获取腹膜来源的肥大细胞(PMCs);采用S100A4蛋白与BUD处理小鼠BMMCs和PMCs,实验分为PBS组、S100A4组、BUD组及S100A4+BUD组;β-己糖胺酶(β-hex)释放实验检测细胞脱颗粒指标β-hex、ELISA测定细胞活化介质类胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及白三烯B4的释放,流式细胞术编码微球芯片技术(CBA)法检测炎性因子(IL-5、IL-6、IL-13和TNF-α)分泌水平以及Toll样受体4(TLR4)和晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)的表达。结果在BMMCs与PMCs中,与PBS组相比,S100A4组培养上清中β-hex、类胰蛋白酶、白三烯B4及相关炎性因子IL-5、IL-6、IL-13和TNF-α的释放增加,细胞上TLR4和RAGE的表达上调(P<0.05);与S100A4组相比,S100A4+BUD组肥大细胞活化及炎性因子分泌明显被抑制,同时TLR4的表达下调(P<0.05),而RAGE的表达无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论BUD能够抑制S100A4介导的肥大细胞活化及炎性因子释放,并下调TLR4的表达,但不影响RAGE的表达,BUD可能通过TLR-4受体发挥其功能,为BUD在过敏性炎症中的应用提供新的理论依据。
