Schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease that causes serious harms to humans and animals.Surveillance and diagnosis play key roles in schistosomiasis control,however,current techniques for surveillan...Schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease that causes serious harms to humans and animals.Surveillance and diagnosis play key roles in schistosomiasis control,however,current techniques for surveillance and diagnosis of the disease have limitations.As genome data for parasites are increasing,novel techniques for detection incorporating nucleotide sequences are receiving widespread attention.These sensitive,specific,and rapid detection methods are particularly important in the diagnosis of low-grade and early infections,and may prove to have clinical significance.This paper reviews the progress of nucleic acid detection in the diagnosis and prevention of schistosomiasis,including such aspects as the selection of target genes,and development and application of nucleic acid detection methods.展开更多
Background:Animal studies have demonstrated that functional immune responses,as determined by the levels of CD4+cell counts and anti-schistosome antibodies responses,determine the efficacy of praziquantel.Based on thi...Background:Animal studies have demonstrated that functional immune responses,as determined by the levels of CD4+cell counts and anti-schistosome antibodies responses,determine the efficacy of praziquantel.Based on this evidence,it has been hypothesised that the immunodeficiency effects of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection may affect the efficacy of praziquantel in co-infected human hosts.Thus,the present study assessed the efficacy of praziquantel by comparing parasitological cure rates and the reduction in infection intensity in HIV-1 seronegative individuals infected with S.mansoni and HIV-1 seropositive individuals co-infected with S.mansoni,following treatment with a single oral dose of praziquantel.Methods:This was a prospective longitudinal study which included,at baseline,555 S.mansoni infected adults aged 21-55 years,who were either co-infected or not with HIV-1 and who lived in fishing villages along Lake Victoria in Northwest Tanzania.These individuals were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel(40 mg/kg)and,at 12 weeks,single stool samples were obtained and examined for S.mansoni eggs using the Kato-Katz technique.Finger prick and venous blood samples were collected for HIV-1 screening and CD4+cell quantification.Results:The parasitological cure rate did not differ significantly from the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.12):among the co-infected individuals,the cure rate was 48.3%(14/29),and among the individuals infected only with S.mansoni,the cure rate was 62.6%(329/526).The egg reduction rate did not vary with the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.22):77.22%for HIV-1 seronegative and 75%for HIV-1 seropositive individuals.The level of CD4^(+) cell counts(median 228 cells/μL:range 202-380 cells)did not influence the cure rate(P=0.23)or the reduction in the intensity of the infection(P=0.37).Conclusion:The HIV-1 infection per se or its moderate immunodeficiency effects,demonstrated by the range of CD4^(+) cell counts observed in co-infected individuals,did not affect praziquantel efficacy,as measured by the parasitological cure rate and the reduction in intensity of infection in the present study cohort.展开更多
基金supported by the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project(no.2012ZX10004220)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.81401688,81271855,81261160324,81371836,and 81572023)。
文摘Schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease that causes serious harms to humans and animals.Surveillance and diagnosis play key roles in schistosomiasis control,however,current techniques for surveillance and diagnosis of the disease have limitations.As genome data for parasites are increasing,novel techniques for detection incorporating nucleotide sequences are receiving widespread attention.These sensitive,specific,and rapid detection methods are particularly important in the diagnosis of low-grade and early infections,and may prove to have clinical significance.This paper reviews the progress of nucleic acid detection in the diagnosis and prevention of schistosomiasis,including such aspects as the selection of target genes,and development and application of nucleic acid detection methods.
基金This work was supported by Training Health Researchers into Vocational Excellence in East Africa(THRiVE),grant number 087540,funded by the Wellcome Trust.Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors anddo not necessarily reflect the official views of the supporting officesDWD and HDM received additional funds from the Cambridge-Africa Alborada Research Fund,we acknowledge its support+1 种基金HDM received additionalfunding support from the Dan David Prize Scholarship,Tel Aviv University,IsraelHDM also received financial support from TDR,the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases,co-sponsored by UNICEF,UNDP,the World Bank and the WHO,we acknowledge their support.
文摘Background:Animal studies have demonstrated that functional immune responses,as determined by the levels of CD4+cell counts and anti-schistosome antibodies responses,determine the efficacy of praziquantel.Based on this evidence,it has been hypothesised that the immunodeficiency effects of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection may affect the efficacy of praziquantel in co-infected human hosts.Thus,the present study assessed the efficacy of praziquantel by comparing parasitological cure rates and the reduction in infection intensity in HIV-1 seronegative individuals infected with S.mansoni and HIV-1 seropositive individuals co-infected with S.mansoni,following treatment with a single oral dose of praziquantel.Methods:This was a prospective longitudinal study which included,at baseline,555 S.mansoni infected adults aged 21-55 years,who were either co-infected or not with HIV-1 and who lived in fishing villages along Lake Victoria in Northwest Tanzania.These individuals were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel(40 mg/kg)and,at 12 weeks,single stool samples were obtained and examined for S.mansoni eggs using the Kato-Katz technique.Finger prick and venous blood samples were collected for HIV-1 screening and CD4+cell quantification.Results:The parasitological cure rate did not differ significantly from the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.12):among the co-infected individuals,the cure rate was 48.3%(14/29),and among the individuals infected only with S.mansoni,the cure rate was 62.6%(329/526).The egg reduction rate did not vary with the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.22):77.22%for HIV-1 seronegative and 75%for HIV-1 seropositive individuals.The level of CD4^(+) cell counts(median 228 cells/μL:range 202-380 cells)did not influence the cure rate(P=0.23)or the reduction in the intensity of the infection(P=0.37).Conclusion:The HIV-1 infection per se or its moderate immunodeficiency effects,demonstrated by the range of CD4^(+) cell counts observed in co-infected individuals,did not affect praziquantel efficacy,as measured by the parasitological cure rate and the reduction in intensity of infection in the present study cohort.
