The genus Corylus is an important member in the Betulaceae family of the order Fagales. Self-incompatibility is one of the choke points in breeding and hazelnut production. This reviewe describes, the progress on poll...The genus Corylus is an important member in the Betulaceae family of the order Fagales. Self-incompatibility is one of the choke points in breeding and hazelnut production. This reviewe describes, the progress on pollen-stigma compatibility in Corylus, including basic re- productive characteristics, S-alleles testing and their applications, in- ter-specific hybridization, self-compatibility in wild species, and recent molecular research on the genetic mechanism of compatibility. Com- pared with other species, progress on pollen-stigma compatibility （sporophytic self-incompatibility, SSI） in Corylus is slow, especially those in the Brassicaceae family. De novo approaches should be used to target the unique reproductive characteristics of hazelnuts. The continu- ous improvement of technological platforms based on molecular biology should broaden the pathways in investigating compatibility in Corylus. In addition, research should be conducted on overcoming self- and cross- incompatibility, and approaches based on biological, chemical, and physical principles should be introduced. Both theoretical and practical study of compatibility in Corylus should be devoted to change the self-incompatibility trait into a benefit in the species evolvement and nut quality establishment.展开更多
The compactness of plant chromosome and the structures of plant cell wall and cytoplasm pose a great resistance to fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and consequently many new methods for improving spatial resol...The compactness of plant chromosome and the structures of plant cell wall and cytoplasm pose a great resistance to fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and consequently many new methods for improving spatial resolution are being exploited to overcome these problems.However,for plants with small chromosomes like rice and Brassica,there are still many difficulties.In this article a new and effective technique for preparation of extended DNA fibers(EDFs),using a series of treatments to prophase I chromosomes of Brassica oleracea PMCs,is presented.This technique allows longitudinal extension of the chromosomes 30-107 times longer than those of their metaphase counterparts.The length of the extended DNA fibers is between 89μm and 273μm,and the space resolution is 42.8-53.0 kb.Stretching ratios were assessed in a number of FISH experiments with super-stretched chromosomes from meiotic prophase I nuclei ofB.olerecea.Through FISH to EDFs of pachytene chromosomes hybridized in situ with SRK(S-locus receptor kinase)and SPⅡ(S-locus proteinⅡ)probes,for the first time we localized the accurate positions of S-locus and quantitatively analyzed the features of S genes in B.oleracea genome to show all S genes were single-copied.In addition,the length between two linked genes was measured to be about one micron.As a result,the highest space resolution which was about 4 kb was obtained.展开更多
S-locus genes were cloned from three Brassica napus and three B. campestris lines by using PCR walking and homologuesequence methods. A phylogenetic gene tree was constructed based on the six cloned genes and fifty-on...S-locus genes were cloned from three Brassica napus and three B. campestris lines by using PCR walking and homologuesequence methods. A phylogenetic gene tree was constructed based on the six cloned genes and fifty-one previouslyreported SLG/SRK genes of Brassica and Raphanus. The SLGs from R. sativus were dispersed in the phylogenetic treeintermingling with SLG/SRKs from B. oleracea, B. napus and B. campestris. The SLG/SRK genes of classⅡclusteredindependently in one group. The SLG/SRK genes of classⅠshowed to be more divergent than classⅡgenes. Theseresults suggested that the divergence of classⅠand classⅡ should have occurred before the differentiation of thegenera Brassica and Raphanus. In addition, SLG and SRK of the same S haplotypes belonged to the same class. Itsuggested that class-Ⅰ and class-Ⅱ group divergence occurred first, and then SLG and SRK diverged. The three SC SRKgenes from B. napus and B. campestris were grouped into one cluster, displaying difference from the SC SLG of B.oleracea. These three SC SRK genes were close to SI SRK of SI1300, SI271 and guanyou in phylogenetic relationships.These results indicated that SC and SI genes diverged more recently. It is not clear yet whether the differentiation of SCand SI genes was earlier than the differentiation of Brassica and Raphanus. Studies based on more genes are necessaryfor a comprehensive elucidation of the phylogenetic relationships in Brassicaceae.展开更多
The S-RNase-based self-incompatibility locus(S-locus)in Petunia species contains 16-20 F-box genes,which collaboratively function in the recognition and subsequent degradation of non-self S-RNases,while distinguishing...The S-RNase-based self-incompatibility locus(S-locus)in Petunia species contains 16-20 F-box genes,which collaboratively function in the recognition and subsequent degradation of non-self S-RNases,while distinguishing them from self S-RNase.However,the number of S-locus F-box genes(SFBBs)physically interacted with non-self S-RNases remains uncertain in Pyrus species.Utilizing Pacbio long-read sequencing,we successfully assembled the genome of pear cultivar‘Yali’(Pyrus bretschneideri),and identified 19 SFBBs from the Pyrus S_(17)-locus spanning approximately 1.78 Mb.Additionally,we identified 17-21 SFBBs from other Pyrus and Malus S-loci spanning a range of 1.35 to 2.64 Mb.Based on the phylogenetic analysis,it was determined that Pyrus and Malus SFBBs could be classified into 22 groups,denoted as Ⅰ to ⅩⅫ.At amino acid level,SFBBs within a given group exhibited average identities ranged from 88.9%to 97.9%.Notably,all 19 SFBBs from the S_(17)-locus co-segregated with S_(17)-RNase,with 18 of them being specifically expressed in pollen.Consequently,these 18 pollen-specifically expressed SFBBs are considered potential candidates for the pollen-S determinant.Intriguingly,out of the 18 pollen-specifically expressed SFBBs,eight demonstrated interactions with at least one non-self S-RNase,while the remaining SFBBs failed to recognize any S-RNase.These findings provide compelling evidence supporting the existence of a collaborative non-self-recognition system governing self-incompatibility in pear species.展开更多
基金supported by the ‘11th Five-Year’ National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2006BAD01A1701)the Basal Fund of Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry (RIF2012-11)Special Project for Scientific Research of Forestry Commonweal Industry of National Forestry Bureau (201304710)
文摘The genus Corylus is an important member in the Betulaceae family of the order Fagales. Self-incompatibility is one of the choke points in breeding and hazelnut production. This reviewe describes, the progress on pollen-stigma compatibility in Corylus, including basic re- productive characteristics, S-alleles testing and their applications, in- ter-specific hybridization, self-compatibility in wild species, and recent molecular research on the genetic mechanism of compatibility. Com- pared with other species, progress on pollen-stigma compatibility （sporophytic self-incompatibility, SSI） in Corylus is slow, especially those in the Brassicaceae family. De novo approaches should be used to target the unique reproductive characteristics of hazelnuts. The continu- ous improvement of technological platforms based on molecular biology should broaden the pathways in investigating compatibility in Corylus. In addition, research should be conducted on overcoming self- and cross- incompatibility, and approaches based on biological, chemical, and physical principles should be introduced. Both theoretical and practical study of compatibility in Corylus should be devoted to change the self-incompatibility trait into a benefit in the species evolvement and nut quality establishment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60140646)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.7914).
文摘The compactness of plant chromosome and the structures of plant cell wall and cytoplasm pose a great resistance to fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and consequently many new methods for improving spatial resolution are being exploited to overcome these problems.However,for plants with small chromosomes like rice and Brassica,there are still many difficulties.In this article a new and effective technique for preparation of extended DNA fibers(EDFs),using a series of treatments to prophase I chromosomes of Brassica oleracea PMCs,is presented.This technique allows longitudinal extension of the chromosomes 30-107 times longer than those of their metaphase counterparts.The length of the extended DNA fibers is between 89μm and 273μm,and the space resolution is 42.8-53.0 kb.Stretching ratios were assessed in a number of FISH experiments with super-stretched chromosomes from meiotic prophase I nuclei ofB.olerecea.Through FISH to EDFs of pachytene chromosomes hybridized in situ with SRK(S-locus receptor kinase)and SPⅡ(S-locus proteinⅡ)probes,for the first time we localized the accurate positions of S-locus and quantitatively analyzed the features of S genes in B.oleracea genome to show all S genes were single-copied.In addition,the length between two linked genes was measured to be about one micron.As a result,the highest space resolution which was about 4 kb was obtained.
基金supported by the Outstanding Youth Science Funds(39825117)Bohai University Science Funds(BJ2004001),P.R.China
文摘S-locus genes were cloned from three Brassica napus and three B. campestris lines by using PCR walking and homologuesequence methods. A phylogenetic gene tree was constructed based on the six cloned genes and fifty-one previouslyreported SLG/SRK genes of Brassica and Raphanus. The SLGs from R. sativus were dispersed in the phylogenetic treeintermingling with SLG/SRKs from B. oleracea, B. napus and B. campestris. The SLG/SRK genes of classⅡclusteredindependently in one group. The SLG/SRK genes of classⅠshowed to be more divergent than classⅡgenes. Theseresults suggested that the divergence of classⅠand classⅡ should have occurred before the differentiation of thegenera Brassica and Raphanus. In addition, SLG and SRK of the same S haplotypes belonged to the same class. Itsuggested that class-Ⅰ and class-Ⅱ group divergence occurred first, and then SLG and SRK diverged. The three SC SRKgenes from B. napus and B. campestris were grouped into one cluster, displaying difference from the SC SLG of B.oleracea. These three SC SRK genes were close to SI SRK of SI1300, SI271 and guanyou in phylogenetic relationships.These results indicated that SC and SI genes diverged more recently. It is not clear yet whether the differentiation of SCand SI genes was earlier than the differentiation of Brassica and Raphanus. Studies based on more genes are necessaryfor a comprehensive elucidation of the phylogenetic relationships in Brassicaceae.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1200501)the National Science Foundation of China(32172511)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program(Modern Agriculture)of Jiangsu Province(BE2022381)the Earmarked Fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28).
文摘The S-RNase-based self-incompatibility locus(S-locus)in Petunia species contains 16-20 F-box genes,which collaboratively function in the recognition and subsequent degradation of non-self S-RNases,while distinguishing them from self S-RNase.However,the number of S-locus F-box genes(SFBBs)physically interacted with non-self S-RNases remains uncertain in Pyrus species.Utilizing Pacbio long-read sequencing,we successfully assembled the genome of pear cultivar‘Yali’(Pyrus bretschneideri),and identified 19 SFBBs from the Pyrus S_(17)-locus spanning approximately 1.78 Mb.Additionally,we identified 17-21 SFBBs from other Pyrus and Malus S-loci spanning a range of 1.35 to 2.64 Mb.Based on the phylogenetic analysis,it was determined that Pyrus and Malus SFBBs could be classified into 22 groups,denoted as Ⅰ to ⅩⅫ.At amino acid level,SFBBs within a given group exhibited average identities ranged from 88.9%to 97.9%.Notably,all 19 SFBBs from the S_(17)-locus co-segregated with S_(17)-RNase,with 18 of them being specifically expressed in pollen.Consequently,these 18 pollen-specifically expressed SFBBs are considered potential candidates for the pollen-S determinant.Intriguingly,out of the 18 pollen-specifically expressed SFBBs,eight demonstrated interactions with at least one non-self S-RNase,while the remaining SFBBs failed to recognize any S-RNase.These findings provide compelling evidence supporting the existence of a collaborative non-self-recognition system governing self-incompatibility in pear species.
