The objective of this study is to develop a unique modeling approach for fast assessment of massive soil erosion by water at a regional scale in the Loess Plateau, China. This approach relies on an understanding of bo...The objective of this study is to develop a unique modeling approach for fast assessment of massive soil erosion by water at a regional scale in the Loess Plateau, China. This approach relies on an understanding of both regional patterns of soil loss and its impact factors in the plateau area. Based on the regional characteristics of precipitation, vegetation and land form, and with the use of Landsat TM and ground investigation data, the entire Loess Plateau was first divided into 3 380 Fundamental Assessment Units （FAUs） to adapt to this regional modeling and fast assessment. A set of easily available parameters reflecting relevant water erosion factors at a regional scale was then developed, in which dynamic and static factors were discriminated. Arclnfo GIS was used to integrate all essential data into a central database. A resulting mathematical model was established to link the sediment yields and the selected variables on the basis of FAUs through overlay in GIS and multiple regression analyses. The sensitivity analyses and validation results show that this approach works effectively in assessing large area soil erosion, and also helps to understand the regional associations of erosion and its impact factors, and thus might significantly contribute to planning and policymaking for a large area erosion control in the Loess Plateau.展开更多
Major challenges for cancer treatment are how to effectively eliminate primary tumor and sufficiently induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)to provoke a robust immune response for metastasis control.Here,a self-assembled ...Major challenges for cancer treatment are how to effectively eliminate primary tumor and sufficiently induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)to provoke a robust immune response for metastasis control.Here,a self-assembled cascade bioreactor was developed to improve cancer treatment with enhanced tumor penetration and synergistic therapy of starvation,chemodynamic(CDT)and photothermal therapy.Ultrasmall Fe S-GOx nanodots were synthesized with glucose oxidase(GOx)as template and induced by paclitaxel(PTX)to form self-assembling Fe S-GOx@PTX(FGP)via hydrophobic interaction.After accumulated at tumor sites,FGP disassembles to smaller Fe S-GOx for enhanced deep tumor penetration.GOx maintains high enzymatic activity to catalyze glucose with assistant of oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as starvation therapy.Fenton reaction involving the regenerated H_(2)O_(2) in turn produced more hydroxyl radicals for enhanced CDT.Following near-infrared laser at 808 nm,FGPs displayed pronounced tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo by the combination therapy.The consequent increased exposure to calreticulin amplified ICD and promoted dendritic cells maturation.In combination with anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade,FGP can absolutely eliminate primary tumor and avidly inhibit distant tumors due to the enhanced intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Our work presents a promising strategy for primary tumor and metastasis inhibition.展开更多
Impact of detuning between signal wavelength and MUX/DEMUX filter passband in WDM systems was numerically studied for 50 GHz-spaced 42.7 Gbit/s RZ and CS-RZ signals. RZ signal was found more robust against signal wave...Impact of detuning between signal wavelength and MUX/DEMUX filter passband in WDM systems was numerically studied for 50 GHz-spaced 42.7 Gbit/s RZ and CS-RZ signals. RZ signal was found more robust against signal wavelength detuning but not against filter detuning.展开更多
The paper presents the results of a comprehensive monitoring of the polygon： ＂Odessa Region, north-western part of the Black Sea＂ for the period 2009-2011. It is shown that most of the copper and nickel is brought ...The paper presents the results of a comprehensive monitoring of the polygon： ＂Odessa Region, north-western part of the Black Sea＂ for the period 2009-2011. It is shown that most of the copper and nickel is brought into the sea from the catchment area, and zinc and cadmium are mainly of the autochthonous origin. It is found that in 2010, after heavy rains, the area of bottom sediments contaminated by copper and nickel was increased. The main source of copper in the sea is vast vineyards.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Northeast Normal University Sci-tech Innovation Incubation Program(No.NENU-STC08017)European Commission FP7 Project―PRACTICE(No.ENVI-2008-226818)
文摘The objective of this study is to develop a unique modeling approach for fast assessment of massive soil erosion by water at a regional scale in the Loess Plateau, China. This approach relies on an understanding of both regional patterns of soil loss and its impact factors in the plateau area. Based on the regional characteristics of precipitation, vegetation and land form, and with the use of Landsat TM and ground investigation data, the entire Loess Plateau was first divided into 3 380 Fundamental Assessment Units （FAUs） to adapt to this regional modeling and fast assessment. A set of easily available parameters reflecting relevant water erosion factors at a regional scale was then developed, in which dynamic and static factors were discriminated. Arclnfo GIS was used to integrate all essential data into a central database. A resulting mathematical model was established to link the sediment yields and the selected variables on the basis of FAUs through overlay in GIS and multiple regression analyses. The sensitivity analyses and validation results show that this approach works effectively in assessing large area soil erosion, and also helps to understand the regional associations of erosion and its impact factors, and thus might significantly contribute to planning and policymaking for a large area erosion control in the Loess Plateau.
基金financially supported by the Youth Foundation of Jiangsu province(No.BK20180699,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81803439,and 81703940)。
文摘Major challenges for cancer treatment are how to effectively eliminate primary tumor and sufficiently induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)to provoke a robust immune response for metastasis control.Here,a self-assembled cascade bioreactor was developed to improve cancer treatment with enhanced tumor penetration and synergistic therapy of starvation,chemodynamic(CDT)and photothermal therapy.Ultrasmall Fe S-GOx nanodots were synthesized with glucose oxidase(GOx)as template and induced by paclitaxel(PTX)to form self-assembling Fe S-GOx@PTX(FGP)via hydrophobic interaction.After accumulated at tumor sites,FGP disassembles to smaller Fe S-GOx for enhanced deep tumor penetration.GOx maintains high enzymatic activity to catalyze glucose with assistant of oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as starvation therapy.Fenton reaction involving the regenerated H_(2)O_(2) in turn produced more hydroxyl radicals for enhanced CDT.Following near-infrared laser at 808 nm,FGPs displayed pronounced tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo by the combination therapy.The consequent increased exposure to calreticulin amplified ICD and promoted dendritic cells maturation.In combination with anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade,FGP can absolutely eliminate primary tumor and avidly inhibit distant tumors due to the enhanced intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Our work presents a promising strategy for primary tumor and metastasis inhibition.
文摘Impact of detuning between signal wavelength and MUX/DEMUX filter passband in WDM systems was numerically studied for 50 GHz-spaced 42.7 Gbit/s RZ and CS-RZ signals. RZ signal was found more robust against signal wavelength detuning but not against filter detuning.
文摘The paper presents the results of a comprehensive monitoring of the polygon： ＂Odessa Region, north-western part of the Black Sea＂ for the period 2009-2011. It is shown that most of the copper and nickel is brought into the sea from the catchment area, and zinc and cadmium are mainly of the autochthonous origin. It is found that in 2010, after heavy rains, the area of bottom sediments contaminated by copper and nickel was increased. The main source of copper in the sea is vast vineyards.
