There is a gradual increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources.Green hydrogen has the potential to become one of the major energy carriers in the future.The Russian Federation,in partnership with countries ...There is a gradual increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources.Green hydrogen has the potential to become one of the major energy carriers in the future.The Russian Federation,in partnership with countries in the Asia-Pacific region and especially China,has the potential to play a significant role in green hydrogen market.This study assessed the potential of developing green hydrogen energy based on wind power in the Far Eastern Federal District(FEFD)of the Russian Federation.Empirical wind speed data were collected from 20 meteorological stations in 4 regions(Sakhalinskaya Oblast’,Primorskiy Krai,Khabarovskiy Krai,and Amurskaya Oblast’)of the FEFD.The Weibull distribution was used to predict the potential of green hydrogen production.Five different methods(Empirical Method of Justus(EMJ),Empirical Method of Lysen(EML),Maximum Likelihood Method(MLE),Power Density Method(PDM),and Median and Quartiles Method(MQM))were used to determine the parameters(scape factor and scale factor)of the Weibull distribution.We calculated the total electricity generation potential based on the technical specifications of the three wind turbines:Senvion 6150 onshore,H165-4.0 MW,and Vestas V150-4.2 MW.The results showed that Vladivostok,Pogibi,Ilyinskiy,Yuzhno-Kuril’sk,Severo-Kuril’sk,Kholmsk,and Okha stations had the higher potential of green hydrogen production,of which Vladivostok exhibited the highest potential of green hydrogen production using the wind turbine of H165-4.0 MW,up to 2.56×10^(5) kg/a.In terms of economic analysis,the levelized cost of hydrogen(LCOH)values of lower than 4.00 USD/kg were obtained at Yuzhno-Kuril’sk,Ilyinskiy,Pogibi,and Vladivostok stations using the wind turbine of H165-4.0 MW,with the values of 3.54,3.50,3.24,and 2.55 USD/kg,respectively.This study concluded that the FEFD possesses significant potential in the production of green hydrogen and,with appropriate investment,has the potential to become a significant hub for green hydrogen trading in the Asia-Pacific region.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge ...BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge to public health.Strategies for preventing and controlling GBTC in Brazil,Russian Federation,India,China and South Africa(BRICS)countries offer valuable lessons for other developing nations.AIM To investigate GBTC burden trends in BRICS countries and perform an ageperiod-cohort(APC)analysis of Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990-2021.METHODS Data on the incidences and crude incidence rates,the number of deaths and crude mortality rates,and the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and agestandardized mortality rate(ASMR)of GBTC were obtained for BRICS countries from the GBD study 2021.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to examine the trends in disease burden from 1990 to 2021.The APC model was utilized to assess the age,period,and birth cohort effects on the changes in GBTC disease burden worldwide and in the BRICS countries during the same time frame.Bayesian APC analysis was used to estimate the future burden.RESULTS The increases in incidence and deaths were 101.09%and 74.26%,respectively,compared with 1990.The ASMRs in Brazil,Russia,and China decreased,while those in India and South Africa increased.Among the BRICS countries,in most age groups in Brazil,Russia,India,and South Africa,the crude incidence and mortality rates in women were higher than those in men,whereas in China,the situation was the opposite.Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that from 1990 to 2021,the overall ASIR of gallbladder and bile duct cancer exhibited a declining trend.Although the incidence rate in China showed an increasing trend,the mortality rate exhibited a declining trend,which became more pronounced over time.CONCLUSION In BRICS countries,the number of incident cases and deaths from GBTC increased between 1990 and 2021,primarily due to rapid population growth.Nevertheless,the ASIR and ASMR declined during the same period.展开更多
The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as w...The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as well as the availability of various services.This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method.The results indicated that 20 regions(Group 1)had the highest percentage of rural population(33.10%).The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value(12.40%)in 31 regions(Group 2).Moreover,20 regions(Group 3)had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget(11.80 USD/person).Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas.Then,we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters.Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El;Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region,Saratov Region,Nizhny Novgorod Region,Perm Territory,Orenburg Region,Chuvash Region,and Republic of Mordovia;and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan,Samara Region,Udmurtian Republic,Penza Region,and Republic of Bashkortostan.Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas.The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure,public services,and agricultural production.We found the highest employment level in rural areas,the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget,the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons,and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3.This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas,which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅥ(MPSⅥ)is a chronic,progressive,inherited disease with multiorgan involvement and a restricted life expectancy.AIM To investigate the epidemiological,clinical,and genetic charact...BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅥ(MPSⅥ)is a chronic,progressive,inherited disease with multiorgan involvement and a restricted life expectancy.AIM To investigate the epidemiological,clinical,and genetic characteristics of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type 6 and their outcomes using the Russian Federation's national registry,as per the Russian registry,and compare them with previously published data.METHODS In a retrospective cohort study,clinical,laboratory data,molecular genetic analysis results,and enzyme replacement therapy(ERT)data were extracted and analyzed from the Russian MPSⅥregistry for 53 patients,comprising 26 males(49.1%)and 27 females(50.9%).RESULTS The median age of first symptoms was 2 years,ranging from the first months of life to 20 years.A positive family history of MPSⅥwas reported in 19/53(35.8%)patients,a negative family history in 24(45.3%),and missing information in 10(18.9%).The main features of the disease were hepatomegaly(n=23;60.5%),splenomegaly(n=15,39.5%),involvement of otolaryngological organs(n=24/33;72.7%),umbilical and inguinal hernia(n=19/36;52.8%),heart involvement(n=26/32;81.3%)with valve involvement(n=25/26;96.2%)and linear growth delay(n=30/39,76.9%).Two patients(3.8%)died.The most common variants identified in the ARSB gene were c.454C>T and c.194C>T.At the time of data collection,ERT had ever received 48/53(90.5%)patients.CONCLUSION No correlation was observed between the age of onset of the first symptoms,the severity of clinical manifestations,enzyme activity,or nucleotide variants in the ARSB gene.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ(MPS Ⅱ)is a chronic inherited disease with multiorgan involvement,a progressive course,and restricted life expectancy.AIM To evaluate the predictors of fatal outcomes in MPS Ⅱ...BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ(MPS Ⅱ)is a chronic inherited disease with multiorgan involvement,a progressive course,and restricted life expectancy.AIM To evaluate the predictors of fatal outcomes in MPS Ⅱ patients.METHODS In the retrospective cohort study,the clinical,laboratory data and enzyme replacement therapy(ERT)(84.2%)of about 160 patients were extracted and analyzed from the Russian MPS Ⅱ registry,with death as a primary outcome.We compared patients who died(n=20;12.5%)with severe form(n=13;68.4%)and attenuated form(n=6,31.6%)to 140 alive patients.RESULTS Fatal outcomes occurred in 5%,35%,20%,and 40%of patients before 10,10-14,15-19,and≥20 years.The most common causes of death were cardiovascular(29.4%),respiratory failure(17.6%),including pneumonia(17.6%),and their associations(17.6%)and MPS Ⅱ progression(11.8%).Acute or chronic respiratory failure was in 53%.Died patients had higher birth weight,higher age of diagnosis,and start of ERT.Hydrocephalus,hydrocephalus bypass surgery,epilepsy,difficulty swallowing,and impaired movement after 12 years of age were significantly more common in the deceased patients.Cox regression analysis has revealed the following time-dependent covariates of the lethal outcome:1^(st)-year psychomotor development delay,delayed mental and speech development,hydrocephalus,swallow disorders,impossible walking at age>12 years,respiratory disorders,tracheostomy,neuronopathic form.CONCLUSION Increased birth weight,delayed diagnosis and the start of ERT,and development of neuronopathic form with impossible walking after 12 years were the main predictors of the fatal outcome.展开更多
The research of the Russian issue in academic level has a great importance. The Putin-term Russian economy is inadvance, and it reminds of the great economy of the old Soviet Union. For that reason, Putin was given th...The research of the Russian issue in academic level has a great importance. The Putin-term Russian economy is inadvance, and it reminds of the great economy of the old Soviet Union. For that reason, Putin was given the nicknameof the new Russian Tsar. Putin is well-liked by the Russian citizens; as a person he is liked by a vast majority of theRussian population. Putin is indepted his great personality both to the successes achived from the Chechen War andto the numerous successes he has achieved in the economic stabilization since he undertook the management of Rsia. It is true that today Russia has no enough political and economical power to maintain the bipolar world as Ria has an economy of smaller than the one-tenth of the US economy. Nonetheless, Russia is still the secondsuper power of the world as she has nuclear weapons and more than 20 satellites in the space. Russia, today, is aself-sufficient country in having the technology of launching her own satellites, and the very first inventors of therocket technology are Russians. Today, Turkey has a lot to learn from Russia. Putin has been able to attract foreigncapital. The removal of the bureaucratic obstacles affecting the foreigners can be an example to this. Today, Turkeychooses the way of selling of the lands to attract the foreign capital. I think the selling of the lands is not a sensiblepolicy to attract foreign capital, and if the Russian model is adopted more efficient results can be obtained.展开更多
This review of soil erosion(SE)studies in Russia focuses on two main tasks:(i)ensuring the completeness and reliability of SE data in Russia,a large country(17.1 million km2)with a variety of natural and socio-economi...This review of soil erosion(SE)studies in Russia focuses on two main tasks:(i)ensuring the completeness and reliability of SE data in Russia,a large country(17.1 million km2)with a variety of natural and socio-economic causes of land degradation,(ii)assessing the possibility of including a SE indicator among the indicators of land degradation neutrality(LDN).A wide range of statistical,remote sensing,mathematical modeling data.the results of scientific and field studies obtained at different levels were analyzed.It is asserted that in Russia the total area of eroded lands and those under erosion risk occupy more than 50%of all agricultural lands,whereas soil fertility of croplands decreased in Soviet time(from 1950s to 1980s)by 30-60%only due to water erosion.However,recent scientific studies indicate a decrease in erosion rate and in the area of eroded land during the last 30-40 years as a result of abandonment of arable land and subsequent overgrown with natural vegetation.The climate change resulting in decrease of the depth of soil freezing,flow of spring runoff also adds to the decrease of soil erosion.The SE indicator was suggested as an important complement to three global LDN indicators.At national and subnational level,it can be interpreted through such indices as"Rate of soil loss"(ton ha-1 yr-1)and"Total soil loss"(1000 tons,in certain area during selected time period).At local level the set of indices can be wider and site-specific,including those obtained through remote sensing data by using the classifier of thematic applications of remote sensing technologies;the example was tested at the local site.展开更多
文摘There is a gradual increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources.Green hydrogen has the potential to become one of the major energy carriers in the future.The Russian Federation,in partnership with countries in the Asia-Pacific region and especially China,has the potential to play a significant role in green hydrogen market.This study assessed the potential of developing green hydrogen energy based on wind power in the Far Eastern Federal District(FEFD)of the Russian Federation.Empirical wind speed data were collected from 20 meteorological stations in 4 regions(Sakhalinskaya Oblast’,Primorskiy Krai,Khabarovskiy Krai,and Amurskaya Oblast’)of the FEFD.The Weibull distribution was used to predict the potential of green hydrogen production.Five different methods(Empirical Method of Justus(EMJ),Empirical Method of Lysen(EML),Maximum Likelihood Method(MLE),Power Density Method(PDM),and Median and Quartiles Method(MQM))were used to determine the parameters(scape factor and scale factor)of the Weibull distribution.We calculated the total electricity generation potential based on the technical specifications of the three wind turbines:Senvion 6150 onshore,H165-4.0 MW,and Vestas V150-4.2 MW.The results showed that Vladivostok,Pogibi,Ilyinskiy,Yuzhno-Kuril’sk,Severo-Kuril’sk,Kholmsk,and Okha stations had the higher potential of green hydrogen production,of which Vladivostok exhibited the highest potential of green hydrogen production using the wind turbine of H165-4.0 MW,up to 2.56×10^(5) kg/a.In terms of economic analysis,the levelized cost of hydrogen(LCOH)values of lower than 4.00 USD/kg were obtained at Yuzhno-Kuril’sk,Ilyinskiy,Pogibi,and Vladivostok stations using the wind turbine of H165-4.0 MW,with the values of 3.54,3.50,3.24,and 2.55 USD/kg,respectively.This study concluded that the FEFD possesses significant potential in the production of green hydrogen and,with appropriate investment,has the potential to become a significant hub for green hydrogen trading in the Asia-Pacific region.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education,No.2024ZD023.
文摘BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge to public health.Strategies for preventing and controlling GBTC in Brazil,Russian Federation,India,China and South Africa(BRICS)countries offer valuable lessons for other developing nations.AIM To investigate GBTC burden trends in BRICS countries and perform an ageperiod-cohort(APC)analysis of Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990-2021.METHODS Data on the incidences and crude incidence rates,the number of deaths and crude mortality rates,and the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and agestandardized mortality rate(ASMR)of GBTC were obtained for BRICS countries from the GBD study 2021.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to examine the trends in disease burden from 1990 to 2021.The APC model was utilized to assess the age,period,and birth cohort effects on the changes in GBTC disease burden worldwide and in the BRICS countries during the same time frame.Bayesian APC analysis was used to estimate the future burden.RESULTS The increases in incidence and deaths were 101.09%and 74.26%,respectively,compared with 1990.The ASMRs in Brazil,Russia,and China decreased,while those in India and South Africa increased.Among the BRICS countries,in most age groups in Brazil,Russia,India,and South Africa,the crude incidence and mortality rates in women were higher than those in men,whereas in China,the situation was the opposite.Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that from 1990 to 2021,the overall ASIR of gallbladder and bile duct cancer exhibited a declining trend.Although the incidence rate in China showed an increasing trend,the mortality rate exhibited a declining trend,which became more pronounced over time.CONCLUSION In BRICS countries,the number of incident cases and deaths from GBTC increased between 1990 and 2021,primarily due to rapid population growth.Nevertheless,the ASIR and ASMR declined during the same period.
文摘The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as well as the availability of various services.This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method.The results indicated that 20 regions(Group 1)had the highest percentage of rural population(33.10%).The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value(12.40%)in 31 regions(Group 2).Moreover,20 regions(Group 3)had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget(11.80 USD/person).Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas.Then,we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters.Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El;Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region,Saratov Region,Nizhny Novgorod Region,Perm Territory,Orenburg Region,Chuvash Region,and Republic of Mordovia;and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan,Samara Region,Udmurtian Republic,Penza Region,and Republic of Bashkortostan.Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas.The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure,public services,and agricultural production.We found the highest employment level in rural areas,the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget,the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons,and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3.This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas,which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅥ(MPSⅥ)is a chronic,progressive,inherited disease with multiorgan involvement and a restricted life expectancy.AIM To investigate the epidemiological,clinical,and genetic characteristics of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type 6 and their outcomes using the Russian Federation's national registry,as per the Russian registry,and compare them with previously published data.METHODS In a retrospective cohort study,clinical,laboratory data,molecular genetic analysis results,and enzyme replacement therapy(ERT)data were extracted and analyzed from the Russian MPSⅥregistry for 53 patients,comprising 26 males(49.1%)and 27 females(50.9%).RESULTS The median age of first symptoms was 2 years,ranging from the first months of life to 20 years.A positive family history of MPSⅥwas reported in 19/53(35.8%)patients,a negative family history in 24(45.3%),and missing information in 10(18.9%).The main features of the disease were hepatomegaly(n=23;60.5%),splenomegaly(n=15,39.5%),involvement of otolaryngological organs(n=24/33;72.7%),umbilical and inguinal hernia(n=19/36;52.8%),heart involvement(n=26/32;81.3%)with valve involvement(n=25/26;96.2%)and linear growth delay(n=30/39,76.9%).Two patients(3.8%)died.The most common variants identified in the ARSB gene were c.454C>T and c.194C>T.At the time of data collection,ERT had ever received 48/53(90.5%)patients.CONCLUSION No correlation was observed between the age of onset of the first symptoms,the severity of clinical manifestations,enzyme activity,or nucleotide variants in the ARSB gene.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ(MPS Ⅱ)is a chronic inherited disease with multiorgan involvement,a progressive course,and restricted life expectancy.AIM To evaluate the predictors of fatal outcomes in MPS Ⅱ patients.METHODS In the retrospective cohort study,the clinical,laboratory data and enzyme replacement therapy(ERT)(84.2%)of about 160 patients were extracted and analyzed from the Russian MPS Ⅱ registry,with death as a primary outcome.We compared patients who died(n=20;12.5%)with severe form(n=13;68.4%)and attenuated form(n=6,31.6%)to 140 alive patients.RESULTS Fatal outcomes occurred in 5%,35%,20%,and 40%of patients before 10,10-14,15-19,and≥20 years.The most common causes of death were cardiovascular(29.4%),respiratory failure(17.6%),including pneumonia(17.6%),and their associations(17.6%)and MPS Ⅱ progression(11.8%).Acute or chronic respiratory failure was in 53%.Died patients had higher birth weight,higher age of diagnosis,and start of ERT.Hydrocephalus,hydrocephalus bypass surgery,epilepsy,difficulty swallowing,and impaired movement after 12 years of age were significantly more common in the deceased patients.Cox regression analysis has revealed the following time-dependent covariates of the lethal outcome:1^(st)-year psychomotor development delay,delayed mental and speech development,hydrocephalus,swallow disorders,impossible walking at age>12 years,respiratory disorders,tracheostomy,neuronopathic form.CONCLUSION Increased birth weight,delayed diagnosis and the start of ERT,and development of neuronopathic form with impossible walking after 12 years were the main predictors of the fatal outcome.
文摘The research of the Russian issue in academic level has a great importance. The Putin-term Russian economy is inadvance, and it reminds of the great economy of the old Soviet Union. For that reason, Putin was given the nicknameof the new Russian Tsar. Putin is well-liked by the Russian citizens; as a person he is liked by a vast majority of theRussian population. Putin is indepted his great personality both to the successes achived from the Chechen War andto the numerous successes he has achieved in the economic stabilization since he undertook the management of Rsia. It is true that today Russia has no enough political and economical power to maintain the bipolar world as Ria has an economy of smaller than the one-tenth of the US economy. Nonetheless, Russia is still the secondsuper power of the world as she has nuclear weapons and more than 20 satellites in the space. Russia, today, is aself-sufficient country in having the technology of launching her own satellites, and the very first inventors of therocket technology are Russians. Today, Turkey has a lot to learn from Russia. Putin has been able to attract foreigncapital. The removal of the bureaucratic obstacles affecting the foreigners can be an example to this. Today, Turkeychooses the way of selling of the lands to attract the foreign capital. I think the selling of the lands is not a sensiblepolicy to attract foreign capital, and if the Russian model is adopted more efficient results can be obtained.
基金Russian Science Foundation project#18-17-00178by Russian Foundation for Basic Research project#19-29-05025mk
文摘This review of soil erosion(SE)studies in Russia focuses on two main tasks:(i)ensuring the completeness and reliability of SE data in Russia,a large country(17.1 million km2)with a variety of natural and socio-economic causes of land degradation,(ii)assessing the possibility of including a SE indicator among the indicators of land degradation neutrality(LDN).A wide range of statistical,remote sensing,mathematical modeling data.the results of scientific and field studies obtained at different levels were analyzed.It is asserted that in Russia the total area of eroded lands and those under erosion risk occupy more than 50%of all agricultural lands,whereas soil fertility of croplands decreased in Soviet time(from 1950s to 1980s)by 30-60%only due to water erosion.However,recent scientific studies indicate a decrease in erosion rate and in the area of eroded land during the last 30-40 years as a result of abandonment of arable land and subsequent overgrown with natural vegetation.The climate change resulting in decrease of the depth of soil freezing,flow of spring runoff also adds to the decrease of soil erosion.The SE indicator was suggested as an important complement to three global LDN indicators.At national and subnational level,it can be interpreted through such indices as"Rate of soil loss"(ton ha-1 yr-1)and"Total soil loss"(1000 tons,in certain area during selected time period).At local level the set of indices can be wider and site-specific,including those obtained through remote sensing data by using the classifier of thematic applications of remote sensing technologies;the example was tested at the local site.
