Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,ove...Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,overgrazing,and land degradation.This study,conducted in 106 pastoral villages across 33 pastoral banners of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China between August 2021 and October 2022,used a community resilience evaluation indicator system to assess drought resistance.By calculating a community resilience index,the research explored influencing factors and proposed countermeasures,aiming to enhance resilience to prolonged drought.The results revealed three key findings.1)Pastoral areas exhibited a limited degree of community resilience to drought disasters(overall score=0.28),with resilience levels forming a pyramid-shaped hierarchy.2)Dimensional analysis showed that resilience scores decreased sequentially across five domains:social(0.53)>cultural(0.44)>environmental(0.38)>economic(0.32)>management(0.27).These results highlight the crucial role of economic and management resilience in enhancing community resilience,particularly when accompanied by pre-and post-disaster government support and social security,both of which must be improved.3)Key factors influencing community resilience included geographical location,traffic accessibility,and frequency and severity of droughts.From a drought resilience perspective,targeted strategies and recommendations are proposed to provide novel and practical approaches for achieving sustainable development in pastoral areas and rural regions as a whole.展开更多
The current rural community self-organizing of China is closely related with the rural social stability as well as economic and social development. However, the current rural community self-organizing construction fal...The current rural community self-organizing of China is closely related with the rural social stability as well as economic and social development. However, the current rural community self-organizing construction falls far behind the requirements of realistic practice all over China, which greatly affects the advancement of the rural modernization of China. On the other hand, social work provides a unique perspective and method to deal with these problems. Its service philosophy of selfservice as well as its humanitarian value and practical working methods provide reality conformity for the intervention into rural community self-organizing, making it conductive to improving the social relations between rural community residents and possible to realize the mutual development of rural community and rural community residents.展开更多
This paper analyses some problems existing in building of rural community in Jilin Province as follows:the funds for community building are short;the residents show sluggish participation in community;the infrastructu...This paper analyses some problems existing in building of rural community in Jilin Province as follows:the funds for community building are short;the residents show sluggish participation in community;the infrastructure community building is backward;the organizational building of community lags behind;the operating mechanism is in chaos.Finally,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward as follows:we should strengthen the funds guarantee of government for community building;we should reinforce the quality education for the rural residents;we should speed up the construction of rural infrastructure;we should improve organizational building of rural community.展开更多
Through the field survey of traditional rural settlement,it has found that the typical spatial construction model shows the duality of matrix and landmark and they are in a relation of reciprocal causality.However,und...Through the field survey of traditional rural settlement,it has found that the typical spatial construction model shows the duality of matrix and landmark and they are in a relation of reciprocal causality.However,under the impact of urbanization and modernization,this spatial construction model is disappearing,and those natural villages are integrated and reconstructed at a high speed and in a large scale during the construction of new rural communities,leading to a lack of geographical construction system and a damage of ecological living environment.In the perspective of prototype theory,the duality feature should be combined with spatial construction model to guide the inheritance and application of spatial construction model of traditional rural settlements and seek for new spatial development approach for new rural communities based on the sustainable,alternative and transformation strategies.展开更多
Introduction: People in rural communities are exposed to the risk factors for non-communicable disease as those in urban areas. Correct interpretation and management of symptoms are important in primary care especiall...Introduction: People in rural communities are exposed to the risk factors for non-communicable disease as those in urban areas. Correct interpretation and management of symptoms are important in primary care especially in rural communities where diagnostic facilities are not readily available. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a village in Enugu South Local Government area of Enugu State. Thorough medical history was taken from all eligible participants who gave their consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Data from a total of 1019 (64.7%) out of 1576 participants were analysed. Fever was by far the most common presenting complaint 580 (56.9%) of all participants and 67.9% of medical complaints seen in the clinic. This was followed remotely by musculoskeletal problems and neurological problems 15.6% and 3.8% of the participants respectively. Across all age groups, febrile illness was more than non-febrile illness except in those 65 years. Generalized body pains 74 (7.3%), back pains 55 (5.1), headache 33 (3.2%) and abdominal pains 24 (2.4%) were the commonest symptoms presented by the participants. About 15 (1.5%) of the population surveyed had had trauma/surgery in the past. This was twice the number who presented to the clinic with symptoms related to injury and trauma 7 (0.7%). Conclusions: Fever and musculoskeletal pains are the dominant medical complaints presented by adults in a rural community clinic. This may be related to the season of the year and the occupation of the population studied.展开更多
Firstly,an analysis is made from the point of view of sociology on traditional modeling logic of prevention and control of adolescents'deviant behavior in rural community,and maintenance and reproduction of this m...Firstly,an analysis is made from the point of view of sociology on traditional modeling logic of prevention and control of adolescents'deviant behavior in rural community,and maintenance and reproduction of this model.The traditional prevention and control model of adolescents'deviant behavior in rural community is diversity-orderly pattern prevention and control system.This system is based on natural economy,especially on agricultural economy."Supervision by public opinion and moral imitation"is the basic operation logic of this system.It contains a compensation mechanism of"bringing up children for the purpose of being looked after in old age"and"favor returning".Then,deconstruction of traditional prevention and control model for adolescents'deviant behavior in rural community is analyzed.Along with advance in rural modern democratic management and legal construction and growing of rural market economy,function of traditional diversity-orderly pattern of prevention and control of adolescents'deviate behavior in rural community is weak and weak in prevention and control of modern rural adolescents'deviant behavior.Finally,modeling ideas of new(coordinative)prevention and control of rural adolescents'deviant behavior are put forward from four aspects,namely,democracy and legal system,community,family and various rural adolescent admittance organizations.展开更多
<strong>Aim: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emerging disease of public health concern in Nigeria. There has been growing speculation about rural dwellers not being susceptible to this ailment due to...<strong>Aim: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emerging disease of public health concern in Nigeria. There has been growing speculation about rural dwellers not being susceptible to this ailment due to their lifestyle. However, this could be attributed to the paucity of data obtained from rural communities. This community-based survey was conducted to provide recent data about the prevalence of DM in a rural community in Northern Nigeria. <strong>Subject and Methods: </strong>Purposive sampling was used to recruit 78 participants from about 200 adults within the community in September 2019. Consent was obtained to retrieve their blood glucose results and socio-demographic data from an out-patient clinic. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. <strong>Results:</strong> Over half (55%) of the respondents were male, while majority (88%) were involved in agrarian professions. Majority (69%) of the respondents were between 18 to 35 years, while around 10% were over 50 years. The respondents had an average blood glucose level of 5.20 ± 0.62 mmol/L, with 6.50 mmol/L as the maximum reading. The prevalence of DM was 0.0%, majority (68%) had normal glucose level, while the remainder had pre-diabetes glucose levels. There were no statistically significant associations between the respondents’ blood glucose level and any of their socio-demographic characteristics. However, the oldest respondents, male respondents, and traders had the highest blood glucose levels in their respective categories. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The absence of a healthcare center in the community was of concern, as this would impede efforts to monitor the prevalence of non-communicable disease like DM. It is recommended that health interventions to discourage the rural dwellers from embracing adverse urban lifestyles associated with DM should be prioritized.展开更多
The paper targets at reasonable planning and construction of new rural communities on the basis of coordinated "three-zation"(new urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization, hereinafter r...The paper targets at reasonable planning and construction of new rural communities on the basis of coordinated "three-zation"(new urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization, hereinafter referred to as "three-zation"). Through summarizing the connotations of new rural community construction coping with the coordinated "three-zation", and analyzing the role of new rural community in the "three-zation", planning and design of Gaocun Community was taken for example to propose strategies for the planning and construction of new rural communities, and promotion of the coordinated "three-zation".展开更多
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and hypertension is a major contributor to this burden. Many people with hypertension have poorly controlled blood pressure and up to half of...Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and hypertension is a major contributor to this burden. Many people with hypertension have poorly controlled blood pressure and up to half of the adults with hypertension are unaware of their hypertensive status due to factors that bother on poor management and poor screening approaches. The implication is that people who have poor access to healthcare especially those in the rural communities are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality. Unfortunately, not much has been done to ascertain the burden of undiagnosed hypertension and associated risk factors in rural communities in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in a rural community in Imo State, Nigeria, on burden of undiagnosed hypertension with participants recruited via a multi-stage sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used, and standardized instruments were applied to obtain, process and analyze the data. Tests of association between the independent variables and outcome were conducted using logistic regression. P-value of Results: A total of 380 adults participated in the study. The mean age was 44.2 years. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 35.8%. Logistic regression revealed that age, with the respondents in the age groups 26 - 35 years (OR = 10.647, 1.910 - 59.345, p-value = 0.007), 36 - 45 (OR = 3.680, 1.263 - 10.723, p-value = 0.017), 46 - 55 years (OR = 2.737, 1.114 - 6.727, p-value = 0.039), 56 - 65 years old (OR = 3.384, 1.610 - 7.115, p-value = 0.001);and being married (OR = 3.846, 1.118 - 13.233, p-value = 0.033), were independent risk factors for undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in the rural population of South-East Nigeria is high. Younger age (26 - 35 years) had the highest odds of risk for occurrence of hypertension. Also being married was identified as a risk factor for undiagnosed hypertension.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> There is a global trend of increasing obesity, affecting mostly the high-and-middle income countries. Obesity was more prevalent in the urban areas but recent studies have sugg...<strong>Background:</strong> There is a global trend of increasing obesity, affecting mostly the high-and-middle income countries. Obesity was more prevalent in the urban areas but recent studies have suggested a disproportionate increase in obesity in the rural areas outstripping that of urban areas thus fueling the global obesity epidemic. This cross-sectional community study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of obesity in a rural community in South east Nigeria using Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Adults (≥18 years) in a rural community in Enugu State were studied in July 2019. The weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference of the participants were taken. The BMI was calculated from the weight and height and the waist-hip ratio was determined for each participant. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 210 participants were studied and analyzed. The prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 10.9% and 28.0% respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity in males and females (10.9% vs 10.9%) and overweight (27% for males and 28% for females). Significantly more females (40%) than males (7.3%) were obese by sex specific waist circumference (<em>p</em> < 0.001). There was no difference in the proportions of males (49%) and females (53.3%) that were obese by sex specific waist/hip ratio, P-Value 0.575. There was no difference in the BMI between the age groups for males (<em>p</em> = 0.629) and females (<em>p</em> = 0.439). However, middle aged females (40 - 59 years) had higher waist circumference than the younger and older females (<em>p</em> = 0.025), while the older males (60 - 79 years) had higher waist-hip ratio than younger age groups p = 0.002. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The result of this study shows an increasing trend of obesity and overweight in a farming rural community in South east Nigeria compared with the prevalence recorded in the region in the past.展开更多
Objective: We studied the feasibility of using Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) linked with Brief Intervention (ALBI) in treating Substance Use Disorder in Nigeria. There is a clear ...Objective: We studied the feasibility of using Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) linked with Brief Intervention (ALBI) in treating Substance Use Disorder in Nigeria. There is a clear gap in meeting the needs for treatment and care for people with drug use disorders in Nigeria with many users reporting a self-perceived need for treatment and about 40% of them wanting to receive drug treatment but were unable to access such services. Methods: ASSIST questionnaire was used to gather baseline data, and ALBI along with Motivational Interviewing (MI) was used to intervene for 6 weeks following which ASSIST score was repeated and compared with baseline. Results: Majority of the participants were aged 21 - 30 years, mostly males with (61.3%) lacking steady jobs. Lifetime prevalence of any drug use was (88.2%). Three months prevalence was nicotine (72.0%), alcohol (66.7%), cannabis (47.3%), opioids (11.8%) among others. The ASSIST scores were mostly on the severe ranges. ASSIST result after six weeks showed marked reduction. The Mean Difference (MD) in the ASSIST scores after intervention was significant for tobacco, opioids, alcohol, and cannabis. The Cohen’s D effect size was large for tobacco (1.08), alcohol (0.92) and cannabis (0.73) but low for other substances. Conclusion: ALBI along with MI was helpful in combating the menace of substance use.展开更多
Rural community construction is an important part in the construction of a socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics,and a significant measure to consolidate the foundation of the Party's governance in th...Rural community construction is an important part in the construction of a socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics,and a significant measure to consolidate the foundation of the Party's governance in the rural areas.To further promote the rural community construction pilot work we must develop rural economies to lay a solid industrial foundation for rural community construction,increase farmers'income,enhance the effective cohesive force,foster new types of farmers,cultivate reliable contributors,develop rural cultures,create a good cultural environment,improve the environment,build good ecological conditions,innovate organization and management,provide powerful organizational guarantees,and improve the service system to support good social conditions.展开更多
Research encourages evidence-based guidelines for practice. This paper describes the guidelines for HIV/AIDS stigma reduction in the community. These guidelines were developed by the authors based on findings of the s...Research encourages evidence-based guidelines for practice. This paper describes the guidelines for HIV/AIDS stigma reduction in the community. These guidelines were developed by the authors based on findings of the study which was conducted to develop and evaluate HIV/AIDS stigma reduction intervention in a rural Namibian community. The developed intervention consisted of three strategies which are recommended as baseline for these guidelines. The three strategies were: education, community involvement and contacts with infected and affected groups that were implemented in this study. These strategies were implemented among the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), their families and community members from the intervention group. The post-intervention results showed significant differences on stigma reduction between the intervention and control groups, therefore these strategies were recommended for future use. Furthermore, the study found that a combination of strategies was more effective than using a single approach. Another strategy that was absent in this study but was recommended in these guidelines for future stigma reduction was: counselling approach, which could be used to address internal stigma. This paper therefore recommends that these combined strategies: education, community involvement, contacts with affected and infected groups and continuous counselling, which will be named ECCC approach might be useful to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma in the community.展开更多
Both in their mid-70s, Shan Baorui and his wife are now living at a model home for the aged in north China.The couple lives in a single room with heating in winter and an indoor toilet. Outside is a garden-like compou...Both in their mid-70s, Shan Baorui and his wife are now living at a model home for the aged in north China.The couple lives in a single room with heating in winter and an indoor toilet. Outside is a garden-like compound with flowers colorfully bright in the refresh- ing breeze.展开更多
When the government implemented a series of land reform policies,take the“rural land owned by farmers and used as agricultural aims”as the core of agricultural land policy,and exactly make the farmlands to increase ...When the government implemented a series of land reform policies,take the“rural land owned by farmers and used as agricultural aims”as the core of agricultural land policy,and exactly make the farmlands to increase the quantity of crops and the peasants have raised their income.But let the rural communities gradually decline and the agricultural output value continued to decline;the rural population moved outwards.When the rural regions are in decline,which tend to experience high rates of unemployment and outmigration,how to develop the agriculture and countryside to maintain the vitality of rural community becomes the focus of government.This article is to explore the vitality of rural communities from the regeneration plan,selecting the Yilan County,Wujie Township,San Xing Community,and interviews with in-path interview about the problems and the view of community.Discuss with the rural community how to overcome the problems of the ever-changing social,economic,environment.In addition,provide some suggestions for the development of the rural community.展开更多
The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural val...The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural values.GIAHS has been accepted by many countries as a tool to maintain traditional agrosystems as“living heritage”.This paper examined the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem in eastern China to explore whether the GIAHS programme is an effective instrument for top-down implementation of conservation policies initiated by the government.An intensive social survey using a questionnaire was conducted in the core conservation area to examine farmers’understanding of the agrosystem and their willingness to conserve it.Statistical analyses including factor analysis,a linear model,a logit model and an optimal scale model were used to reveal farmers’perception of GIAHS and the factors that impact their willingness to conserve.Results show that the agrosystem faces challenges of aging and population loss.Farmers were not very familiar with GIAHS.They did not link GIAHS to the agrosystem because they generally understood GIAHS as a title meant to bring economic benefits,although they also thought the agrosystem had non-economic values worth conserving.Because farmers were not sure about the economic outcomes of the GIAHS programme,they thought the government,not them,should take the main role in conservation.Therefore,GIAHS as a tool to encourage farmers to become active in conservation does not seem very effective.It will not become so until it truly facilitates the transformation of non-economic values to economic values in the agrosystem.We suggested that the concepts of GIAHS should be matched to farmers’perceptions to provide farmers with conservation incentives.展开更多
On Jun.12,2017,the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Strengthening and Improving the Urban and Rural Community Governance were issued.They put forward an overall goal in which by 2020 a mu...On Jun.12,2017,the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Strengthening and Improving the Urban and Rural Community Governance were issued.They put forward an overall goal in which by 2020 a multi-participator and co-governance urban and rural community governance system should have been formed that展开更多
The present work seeks to develop a model for measuring efficiency of RCBs in Ghana by means of financial key performance indicators pairing macroeconomic indicators. A stochastic differential equation model for predi...The present work seeks to develop a model for measuring efficiency of RCBs in Ghana by means of financial key performance indicators pairing macroeconomic indicators. A stochastic differential equation model for predicting the efficiency of RCBs in the future is developed and simulated using gaussian jumps to evaluate the models’ performance in unpredicted situations with four distinct phases of efficiency. Unique solution Exit multiple 4-dimensional stochastic differential equations and Macroeconomic model is proven to be the best-fitting model for the data with the lowest information criterion.展开更多
The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding c...The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding climate change adaptation processes in Kogi State’s rural populace while contributing to policy frameworks and climate messaging strategies.Correspondingly,this study examines how traditional knowledge supports rural communities during climate change adaptation and it examines the performance of communication methods for weaving indigenous understanding into adaptation procedures.The study was anchored on the Indigenous Knowledge Systems(IKS)Theory according to which the knowledge of indigenous people is considered to be valid and culturally grounded and sustainable instrument of environmental adaptation.It employed surveys by obtaining data from 246 participants in nine(three each from the senatorial districts)rural communities of Kogi State.The analysis focused on 246 responses collected during this research.The finding showed that local weather predictions systems,agricultural traditions,as well as traditional soil preservation methods,are popular and applied by the rural population with high confidence rates to overcome changes in climate.These are community practices,and are still part of the local adaptation strategies.It is also revealed in the study that conventional forms of communication-storytelling,use of indigenous languages,and incorporation of traditional leaders are moderately useful in persuasion of climate adaptation,although there is little reparation of government when it comes to development of communication tactics.The respondents confirmed that it is important to combine the traditional knowledge with suitable formal policy.The study concludes that to become effective and culturally responsive,climate policies and related communication strategies should include participatory approaches of traditional knowledge systems.Its outcomes can be used significantly by policymakers,development practitioners,and climate communication professionals to establish resilient and inclusive adaptation channels in Nigeria and other related settings.展开更多
It was widely recognized that rural development especially rural development in the poor areas is closely related with environment issue. It is also common bias that farmers in the poor areas lack of environmental awa...It was widely recognized that rural development especially rural development in the poor areas is closely related with environment issue. It is also common bias that farmers in the poor areas lack of environmental awareness, and their production activities directly cause the environment degradation. The study has shown that with appropriate outside facilitation. a poor rural community can not only analyze its environmental problem, but can also make feasible planning to recover the problem.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the Chinese and Russian Governments(No.2023YFE0111300)National Social Science Fund of China(No.23BGL204)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(No.2022MS04001)。
文摘Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,overgrazing,and land degradation.This study,conducted in 106 pastoral villages across 33 pastoral banners of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China between August 2021 and October 2022,used a community resilience evaluation indicator system to assess drought resistance.By calculating a community resilience index,the research explored influencing factors and proposed countermeasures,aiming to enhance resilience to prolonged drought.The results revealed three key findings.1)Pastoral areas exhibited a limited degree of community resilience to drought disasters(overall score=0.28),with resilience levels forming a pyramid-shaped hierarchy.2)Dimensional analysis showed that resilience scores decreased sequentially across five domains:social(0.53)>cultural(0.44)>environmental(0.38)>economic(0.32)>management(0.27).These results highlight the crucial role of economic and management resilience in enhancing community resilience,particularly when accompanied by pre-and post-disaster government support and social security,both of which must be improved.3)Key factors influencing community resilience included geographical location,traffic accessibility,and frequency and severity of droughts.From a drought resilience perspective,targeted strategies and recommendations are proposed to provide novel and practical approaches for achieving sustainable development in pastoral areas and rural regions as a whole.
文摘The current rural community self-organizing of China is closely related with the rural social stability as well as economic and social development. However, the current rural community self-organizing construction falls far behind the requirements of realistic practice all over China, which greatly affects the advancement of the rural modernization of China. On the other hand, social work provides a unique perspective and method to deal with these problems. Its service philosophy of selfservice as well as its humanitarian value and practical working methods provide reality conformity for the intervention into rural community self-organizing, making it conductive to improving the social relations between rural community residents and possible to realize the mutual development of rural community and rural community residents.
基金Supported by Youth Project Initial Funding Program in Jilin Agricultural University(201053)
文摘This paper analyses some problems existing in building of rural community in Jilin Province as follows:the funds for community building are short;the residents show sluggish participation in community;the infrastructure community building is backward;the organizational building of community lags behind;the operating mechanism is in chaos.Finally,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward as follows:we should strengthen the funds guarantee of government for community building;we should reinforce the quality education for the rural residents;we should speed up the construction of rural infrastructure;we should improve organizational building of rural community.
文摘Through the field survey of traditional rural settlement,it has found that the typical spatial construction model shows the duality of matrix and landmark and they are in a relation of reciprocal causality.However,under the impact of urbanization and modernization,this spatial construction model is disappearing,and those natural villages are integrated and reconstructed at a high speed and in a large scale during the construction of new rural communities,leading to a lack of geographical construction system and a damage of ecological living environment.In the perspective of prototype theory,the duality feature should be combined with spatial construction model to guide the inheritance and application of spatial construction model of traditional rural settlements and seek for new spatial development approach for new rural communities based on the sustainable,alternative and transformation strategies.
文摘Introduction: People in rural communities are exposed to the risk factors for non-communicable disease as those in urban areas. Correct interpretation and management of symptoms are important in primary care especially in rural communities where diagnostic facilities are not readily available. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a village in Enugu South Local Government area of Enugu State. Thorough medical history was taken from all eligible participants who gave their consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Data from a total of 1019 (64.7%) out of 1576 participants were analysed. Fever was by far the most common presenting complaint 580 (56.9%) of all participants and 67.9% of medical complaints seen in the clinic. This was followed remotely by musculoskeletal problems and neurological problems 15.6% and 3.8% of the participants respectively. Across all age groups, febrile illness was more than non-febrile illness except in those 65 years. Generalized body pains 74 (7.3%), back pains 55 (5.1), headache 33 (3.2%) and abdominal pains 24 (2.4%) were the commonest symptoms presented by the participants. About 15 (1.5%) of the population surveyed had had trauma/surgery in the past. This was twice the number who presented to the clinic with symptoms related to injury and trauma 7 (0.7%). Conclusions: Fever and musculoskeletal pains are the dominant medical complaints presented by adults in a rural community clinic. This may be related to the season of the year and the occupation of the population studied.
文摘Firstly,an analysis is made from the point of view of sociology on traditional modeling logic of prevention and control of adolescents'deviant behavior in rural community,and maintenance and reproduction of this model.The traditional prevention and control model of adolescents'deviant behavior in rural community is diversity-orderly pattern prevention and control system.This system is based on natural economy,especially on agricultural economy."Supervision by public opinion and moral imitation"is the basic operation logic of this system.It contains a compensation mechanism of"bringing up children for the purpose of being looked after in old age"and"favor returning".Then,deconstruction of traditional prevention and control model for adolescents'deviant behavior in rural community is analyzed.Along with advance in rural modern democratic management and legal construction and growing of rural market economy,function of traditional diversity-orderly pattern of prevention and control of adolescents'deviate behavior in rural community is weak and weak in prevention and control of modern rural adolescents'deviant behavior.Finally,modeling ideas of new(coordinative)prevention and control of rural adolescents'deviant behavior are put forward from four aspects,namely,democracy and legal system,community,family and various rural adolescent admittance organizations.
文摘<strong>Aim: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emerging disease of public health concern in Nigeria. There has been growing speculation about rural dwellers not being susceptible to this ailment due to their lifestyle. However, this could be attributed to the paucity of data obtained from rural communities. This community-based survey was conducted to provide recent data about the prevalence of DM in a rural community in Northern Nigeria. <strong>Subject and Methods: </strong>Purposive sampling was used to recruit 78 participants from about 200 adults within the community in September 2019. Consent was obtained to retrieve their blood glucose results and socio-demographic data from an out-patient clinic. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. <strong>Results:</strong> Over half (55%) of the respondents were male, while majority (88%) were involved in agrarian professions. Majority (69%) of the respondents were between 18 to 35 years, while around 10% were over 50 years. The respondents had an average blood glucose level of 5.20 ± 0.62 mmol/L, with 6.50 mmol/L as the maximum reading. The prevalence of DM was 0.0%, majority (68%) had normal glucose level, while the remainder had pre-diabetes glucose levels. There were no statistically significant associations between the respondents’ blood glucose level and any of their socio-demographic characteristics. However, the oldest respondents, male respondents, and traders had the highest blood glucose levels in their respective categories. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The absence of a healthcare center in the community was of concern, as this would impede efforts to monitor the prevalence of non-communicable disease like DM. It is recommended that health interventions to discourage the rural dwellers from embracing adverse urban lifestyles associated with DM should be prioritized.
基金Sponsored by Key Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Henan Provincial Department of Education(2013-ZD-002)Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Henan Provincial Department of Education(2011-QN-195)Undergraduates’Innovative Experimental Project of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(2014-11)
文摘The paper targets at reasonable planning and construction of new rural communities on the basis of coordinated "three-zation"(new urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization, hereinafter referred to as "three-zation"). Through summarizing the connotations of new rural community construction coping with the coordinated "three-zation", and analyzing the role of new rural community in the "three-zation", planning and design of Gaocun Community was taken for example to propose strategies for the planning and construction of new rural communities, and promotion of the coordinated "three-zation".
文摘Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and hypertension is a major contributor to this burden. Many people with hypertension have poorly controlled blood pressure and up to half of the adults with hypertension are unaware of their hypertensive status due to factors that bother on poor management and poor screening approaches. The implication is that people who have poor access to healthcare especially those in the rural communities are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality. Unfortunately, not much has been done to ascertain the burden of undiagnosed hypertension and associated risk factors in rural communities in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in a rural community in Imo State, Nigeria, on burden of undiagnosed hypertension with participants recruited via a multi-stage sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used, and standardized instruments were applied to obtain, process and analyze the data. Tests of association between the independent variables and outcome were conducted using logistic regression. P-value of Results: A total of 380 adults participated in the study. The mean age was 44.2 years. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 35.8%. Logistic regression revealed that age, with the respondents in the age groups 26 - 35 years (OR = 10.647, 1.910 - 59.345, p-value = 0.007), 36 - 45 (OR = 3.680, 1.263 - 10.723, p-value = 0.017), 46 - 55 years (OR = 2.737, 1.114 - 6.727, p-value = 0.039), 56 - 65 years old (OR = 3.384, 1.610 - 7.115, p-value = 0.001);and being married (OR = 3.846, 1.118 - 13.233, p-value = 0.033), were independent risk factors for undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in the rural population of South-East Nigeria is high. Younger age (26 - 35 years) had the highest odds of risk for occurrence of hypertension. Also being married was identified as a risk factor for undiagnosed hypertension.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> There is a global trend of increasing obesity, affecting mostly the high-and-middle income countries. Obesity was more prevalent in the urban areas but recent studies have suggested a disproportionate increase in obesity in the rural areas outstripping that of urban areas thus fueling the global obesity epidemic. This cross-sectional community study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of obesity in a rural community in South east Nigeria using Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Adults (≥18 years) in a rural community in Enugu State were studied in July 2019. The weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference of the participants were taken. The BMI was calculated from the weight and height and the waist-hip ratio was determined for each participant. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 210 participants were studied and analyzed. The prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 10.9% and 28.0% respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity in males and females (10.9% vs 10.9%) and overweight (27% for males and 28% for females). Significantly more females (40%) than males (7.3%) were obese by sex specific waist circumference (<em>p</em> < 0.001). There was no difference in the proportions of males (49%) and females (53.3%) that were obese by sex specific waist/hip ratio, P-Value 0.575. There was no difference in the BMI between the age groups for males (<em>p</em> = 0.629) and females (<em>p</em> = 0.439). However, middle aged females (40 - 59 years) had higher waist circumference than the younger and older females (<em>p</em> = 0.025), while the older males (60 - 79 years) had higher waist-hip ratio than younger age groups p = 0.002. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The result of this study shows an increasing trend of obesity and overweight in a farming rural community in South east Nigeria compared with the prevalence recorded in the region in the past.
文摘Objective: We studied the feasibility of using Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) linked with Brief Intervention (ALBI) in treating Substance Use Disorder in Nigeria. There is a clear gap in meeting the needs for treatment and care for people with drug use disorders in Nigeria with many users reporting a self-perceived need for treatment and about 40% of them wanting to receive drug treatment but were unable to access such services. Methods: ASSIST questionnaire was used to gather baseline data, and ALBI along with Motivational Interviewing (MI) was used to intervene for 6 weeks following which ASSIST score was repeated and compared with baseline. Results: Majority of the participants were aged 21 - 30 years, mostly males with (61.3%) lacking steady jobs. Lifetime prevalence of any drug use was (88.2%). Three months prevalence was nicotine (72.0%), alcohol (66.7%), cannabis (47.3%), opioids (11.8%) among others. The ASSIST scores were mostly on the severe ranges. ASSIST result after six weeks showed marked reduction. The Mean Difference (MD) in the ASSIST scores after intervention was significant for tobacco, opioids, alcohol, and cannabis. The Cohen’s D effect size was large for tobacco (1.08), alcohol (0.92) and cannabis (0.73) but low for other substances. Conclusion: ALBI along with MI was helpful in combating the menace of substance use.
基金the phased deliverables of the third batch research projec"tResearch on Achievements,Problems and Countermeasures in the Construction of New Rural Communities"of Modern Agriculture Development Research Institute of Shandong Agricultural Universitythe approved 2013 Humanistic and Social Sciences Research Project(Project No.13XSKB001)themed"Research on the Construction of New Rural Communities"
文摘Rural community construction is an important part in the construction of a socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics,and a significant measure to consolidate the foundation of the Party's governance in the rural areas.To further promote the rural community construction pilot work we must develop rural economies to lay a solid industrial foundation for rural community construction,increase farmers'income,enhance the effective cohesive force,foster new types of farmers,cultivate reliable contributors,develop rural cultures,create a good cultural environment,improve the environment,build good ecological conditions,innovate organization and management,provide powerful organizational guarantees,and improve the service system to support good social conditions.
文摘Research encourages evidence-based guidelines for practice. This paper describes the guidelines for HIV/AIDS stigma reduction in the community. These guidelines were developed by the authors based on findings of the study which was conducted to develop and evaluate HIV/AIDS stigma reduction intervention in a rural Namibian community. The developed intervention consisted of three strategies which are recommended as baseline for these guidelines. The three strategies were: education, community involvement and contacts with infected and affected groups that were implemented in this study. These strategies were implemented among the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), their families and community members from the intervention group. The post-intervention results showed significant differences on stigma reduction between the intervention and control groups, therefore these strategies were recommended for future use. Furthermore, the study found that a combination of strategies was more effective than using a single approach. Another strategy that was absent in this study but was recommended in these guidelines for future stigma reduction was: counselling approach, which could be used to address internal stigma. This paper therefore recommends that these combined strategies: education, community involvement, contacts with affected and infected groups and continuous counselling, which will be named ECCC approach might be useful to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma in the community.
文摘Both in their mid-70s, Shan Baorui and his wife are now living at a model home for the aged in north China.The couple lives in a single room with heating in winter and an indoor toilet. Outside is a garden-like compound with flowers colorfully bright in the refresh- ing breeze.
文摘When the government implemented a series of land reform policies,take the“rural land owned by farmers and used as agricultural aims”as the core of agricultural land policy,and exactly make the farmlands to increase the quantity of crops and the peasants have raised their income.But let the rural communities gradually decline and the agricultural output value continued to decline;the rural population moved outwards.When the rural regions are in decline,which tend to experience high rates of unemployment and outmigration,how to develop the agriculture and countryside to maintain the vitality of rural community becomes the focus of government.This article is to explore the vitality of rural communities from the regeneration plan,selecting the Yilan County,Wujie Township,San Xing Community,and interviews with in-path interview about the problems and the view of community.Discuss with the rural community how to overcome the problems of the ever-changing social,economic,environment.In addition,provide some suggestions for the development of the rural community.
基金The National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFC0506404)Xinghua Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau(Evaluation of the economic,ecological and cultural values of the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem)
文摘The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural values.GIAHS has been accepted by many countries as a tool to maintain traditional agrosystems as“living heritage”.This paper examined the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem in eastern China to explore whether the GIAHS programme is an effective instrument for top-down implementation of conservation policies initiated by the government.An intensive social survey using a questionnaire was conducted in the core conservation area to examine farmers’understanding of the agrosystem and their willingness to conserve it.Statistical analyses including factor analysis,a linear model,a logit model and an optimal scale model were used to reveal farmers’perception of GIAHS and the factors that impact their willingness to conserve.Results show that the agrosystem faces challenges of aging and population loss.Farmers were not very familiar with GIAHS.They did not link GIAHS to the agrosystem because they generally understood GIAHS as a title meant to bring economic benefits,although they also thought the agrosystem had non-economic values worth conserving.Because farmers were not sure about the economic outcomes of the GIAHS programme,they thought the government,not them,should take the main role in conservation.Therefore,GIAHS as a tool to encourage farmers to become active in conservation does not seem very effective.It will not become so until it truly facilitates the transformation of non-economic values to economic values in the agrosystem.We suggested that the concepts of GIAHS should be matched to farmers’perceptions to provide farmers with conservation incentives.
文摘On Jun.12,2017,the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Strengthening and Improving the Urban and Rural Community Governance were issued.They put forward an overall goal in which by 2020 a multi-participator and co-governance urban and rural community governance system should have been formed that
文摘The present work seeks to develop a model for measuring efficiency of RCBs in Ghana by means of financial key performance indicators pairing macroeconomic indicators. A stochastic differential equation model for predicting the efficiency of RCBs in the future is developed and simulated using gaussian jumps to evaluate the models’ performance in unpredicted situations with four distinct phases of efficiency. Unique solution Exit multiple 4-dimensional stochastic differential equations and Macroeconomic model is proven to be the best-fitting model for the data with the lowest information criterion.
文摘The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding climate change adaptation processes in Kogi State’s rural populace while contributing to policy frameworks and climate messaging strategies.Correspondingly,this study examines how traditional knowledge supports rural communities during climate change adaptation and it examines the performance of communication methods for weaving indigenous understanding into adaptation procedures.The study was anchored on the Indigenous Knowledge Systems(IKS)Theory according to which the knowledge of indigenous people is considered to be valid and culturally grounded and sustainable instrument of environmental adaptation.It employed surveys by obtaining data from 246 participants in nine(three each from the senatorial districts)rural communities of Kogi State.The analysis focused on 246 responses collected during this research.The finding showed that local weather predictions systems,agricultural traditions,as well as traditional soil preservation methods,are popular and applied by the rural population with high confidence rates to overcome changes in climate.These are community practices,and are still part of the local adaptation strategies.It is also revealed in the study that conventional forms of communication-storytelling,use of indigenous languages,and incorporation of traditional leaders are moderately useful in persuasion of climate adaptation,although there is little reparation of government when it comes to development of communication tactics.The respondents confirmed that it is important to combine the traditional knowledge with suitable formal policy.The study concludes that to become effective and culturally responsive,climate policies and related communication strategies should include participatory approaches of traditional knowledge systems.Its outcomes can be used significantly by policymakers,development practitioners,and climate communication professionals to establish resilient and inclusive adaptation channels in Nigeria and other related settings.
基金The Project entitled "A Feasibility Study to Strengthen Participatory Planning Capacity by MIGIS" supported by Asian Development
文摘It was widely recognized that rural development especially rural development in the poor areas is closely related with environment issue. It is also common bias that farmers in the poor areas lack of environmental awareness, and their production activities directly cause the environment degradation. The study has shown that with appropriate outside facilitation. a poor rural community can not only analyze its environmental problem, but can also make feasible planning to recover the problem.
