Unlike strong earthquake-triggered or heavy rainfall-triggered landslides,silent large-scale landslides(SLL)occur without signifcant triggering factors and cause unexpected signifcant disaster risks and mass casualtie...Unlike strong earthquake-triggered or heavy rainfall-triggered landslides,silent large-scale landslides(SLL)occur without signifcant triggering factors and cause unexpected signifcant disaster risks and mass casualties.Understanding the initiation mechanism of SLLs is crucial for risk reduction.In this study,the mechanism of the Zhaobishan SLL was investigated,and the SLL was jointly controlled by weak-soil(fractured rock mass)and strong-water(abundant water replenishment)conditions under the impact of active tectonism and complex hydraulic properties.Strong tectonic uplift,high fault density,and historical earthquakes led to weak-soil conditions conducive to the Zhaobishan SLL.The combined efect of unique lithology,antiform,and cultivated land contributed to the water replenishment characteristics of extensive runof confuence(3.16 times that of the landslide body)and supported long-distance groundwater replenishment,thereby forming strongwater conditions for the landslide.The amplifed seepage amount caused the strength of the soil mass on the sliding surface to decrease to 0.4 times its initial strength,eventually triggering the Zhaobishan SLL,which occurred 4.6 days after the peak rainfall.Moreover,the landslide deposits have accumulated on the semi-diagenetic clay rock,thereby controlling the subsequent recurring debris fows in the Lengzi Gully.To reduce disaster risk of SLL in vulnerable mountainous regions,the water confuence area behind the main scarp of the landslides and the hysteresis characteristics between landslides and peak rainfall should be further considered,and recurring debris fows following massive landslides also should be focused.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20110)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientifc Expedition and Research Program(STEP)of China(Grant No.2019QZKK0902)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(ID 2020367)the International Cooperation Overseas Platform Project,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.131C11KYSB20200033).
文摘Unlike strong earthquake-triggered or heavy rainfall-triggered landslides,silent large-scale landslides(SLL)occur without signifcant triggering factors and cause unexpected signifcant disaster risks and mass casualties.Understanding the initiation mechanism of SLLs is crucial for risk reduction.In this study,the mechanism of the Zhaobishan SLL was investigated,and the SLL was jointly controlled by weak-soil(fractured rock mass)and strong-water(abundant water replenishment)conditions under the impact of active tectonism and complex hydraulic properties.Strong tectonic uplift,high fault density,and historical earthquakes led to weak-soil conditions conducive to the Zhaobishan SLL.The combined efect of unique lithology,antiform,and cultivated land contributed to the water replenishment characteristics of extensive runof confuence(3.16 times that of the landslide body)and supported long-distance groundwater replenishment,thereby forming strongwater conditions for the landslide.The amplifed seepage amount caused the strength of the soil mass on the sliding surface to decrease to 0.4 times its initial strength,eventually triggering the Zhaobishan SLL,which occurred 4.6 days after the peak rainfall.Moreover,the landslide deposits have accumulated on the semi-diagenetic clay rock,thereby controlling the subsequent recurring debris fows in the Lengzi Gully.To reduce disaster risk of SLL in vulnerable mountainous regions,the water confuence area behind the main scarp of the landslides and the hysteresis characteristics between landslides and peak rainfall should be further considered,and recurring debris fows following massive landslides also should be focused.
