BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is common among adolescents with depressive disorders and poses a major public health challenge.Rumination,a key cognitive feature of depression,includes different subtypes tha...BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is common among adolescents with depressive disorders and poses a major public health challenge.Rumination,a key cognitive feature of depression,includes different subtypes that may relate to NSSI through distinct psychological mechanisms.However,how these subtypes interact with specific NSSI behaviors remains unclear.AIM To examine associations between rumination subtypes and specific NSSI behaviors in adolescents.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 305 hospitalized adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorders.The subjects ranged from 12-18 years in age.Rumi-nation subtypes were assessed using the Ruminative Response Scale,and 12 NSSI behaviors were evaluated using a validated questionnaire.Network analysis was applied to explore symptom-level associations and identify central symptoms.RESULTS The network analysis revealed close connections between rumination subtypes and NSSI behaviors.Brooding was linked to behaviors such as hitting objects and burning.Scratching emerged as the most influential NSSI symptom.Symptomfocused rumination served as a key bridge connecting rumination and NSSI.CONCLUSION Symptom-focused rumination and scratching were identified as potential intervention targets.These findings highlight the psychological significance of specific cognitive-behavioral links in adolescent depression and suggest directions for tailored prevention and treatment.However,the cross-sectional,single-site design limits causal inference and generalizability.Future longitudinal and multi-center studies are needed to confirm causal pathways and verify the generalizability of the findings to broader adolescent populations.展开更多
Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using se...Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using seaweeds as an anti-methanogenic feed additive has become prevailing in recent years.Asparagopsis taxiformis is the preferred species because it contains a relatively higher concentration of bromoform.As a type of halogenated methane analogue,bromoform contained in A.taxiformis can specifically inhibit the activity of coenzyme M methyltransferase,thereby blocking the ruminal methanogenesis.However,bromoform is a potential toxin and ozone-depleting substance.In response,current research focuses on the effects of bromoform-enriched seaweed supplementation on ruminant productivity and safety,as well as the impact of large-scale cultivation of seaweeds on the atmospheric environment.The current research on seaweed still needs to be improved,especially in developing more species with low bromoform content,such as Bonnemaisonia hamifera,Dictyota bartayresii,and Cystoseira trinodis.Otherwise,seaweed is rich in bioactive substances and exhibits antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and other physiological properties,but research on the role of these bioactive compounds in methane emissions is lacking.It is worthy of deeper investigation to identify more potential bioactive compounds.As a new focus of attention,seaweed has attracted the interest of many scientists.Nevertheless,seaweed still faces some challenges as a feed additive to ruminants,such as the residues of heavy metals(iodine and bromine)and bromoform in milk or meat,as well as the establishment of a supply chain for seaweed cultivation,preservation,and processing.We have concluded that the methane-reducing efficacy of seaweed is indisputable.However,its application as a commercial feed additive is still influenced by factors such as safety,costs,policy incentives,and regulations.展开更多
Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the mammary glands that is frequently observed in animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this infection, identify the pathogens responsible and highl...Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the mammary glands that is frequently observed in animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this infection, identify the pathogens responsible and highlight the risk factors in the region of Labé (Republic of Guinea). The survey involved 96 farmers in three prefectures (Koubia, Labé, Lélouma) and covered 3,199 animals, including 611 lactating females. The clinical survey revealed 49 suspected cases of mastitis, mainly in goats. The analysis showed a prevalence of clinical mastitis of 2.95% and a mortality rate of 18.35%. The identified risk factors were the hygiene of the premises, the age of the females, husbandry practices and the lack of regular veterinary care.展开更多
Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is considered as one of the major constraints to the productivity of small ruminants in Sudan. Presently, control measures for PPR are primarily reliant on vaccination using an attenua...Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is considered as one of the major constraints to the productivity of small ruminants in Sudan. Presently, control measures for PPR are primarily reliant on vaccination using an attenuated PPR strain Nigeria 75/1 that has been produced in monolayers of Vero cells grown in static flasks. This study investigates the potential for scaling up PPR vaccine production using roller bottle technology, a more advanced method. A live, homologous vaccine against PPR in sheep and goats was successfully produced on a large scale in roller culture bottles, with DMEM supplemented with ten percent fetal bovine serum serving as the growth medium. The cells were infected with a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, and the vaccine was harvested when the cytopathic effect reached 80%. The vaccine was then freeze-dried to preserve its stability. A series of tests were conducted to ensure the safety and quality of the vaccine. Using PCR, the identity of vaccine was confirmed. It was found to be safe in both single and 100-times dose inoculations in sheep, with the produced batches showing a high titre of 6.4 ± 0.11 log10 TCID50/ml. All batches met the criteria of sterility, passing tests for bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. Furthermore, the vaccine proved effective in small ruminants, with antibodies persisting for over a year post-vaccination. The residual moisture content remained below 2.5%, and the vaccine successfully passed vacuum testing. Stability tests indicated that the vaccine has a shelf-life of at least one year when stored at temperatures of 2˚C - 8˚C and −20˚C. These results demonstrate the potential for applying roller bottle culture technology to PPR vaccine production, significantly streamlining the existing process and enhancing its efficiency. Further research is warranted to address the economic analyses of adopting roller bottle technology with existing PPR control program.展开更多
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies were studied in Sudanese sheep and goats (n = 855) before and after vaccination with a locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine using a commercial competitive ELISA (cEL...Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies were studied in Sudanese sheep and goats (n = 855) before and after vaccination with a locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. Animals were kept healthy under field conditions, in four states: Blue Nile (n = 250), North Kordofan (n = 189), South Darfur (n = 225) and the Northern State (n = 191). Before vaccination, the overall sero-prevalence of PPRV antibodies was 54.6% (53.2% - 56%, 95% CI);high (64.8% - 76.4%, 95% CI) in Blue Nile State, medium (50.5% - 61.9%, 95% CI) in North Kordofan State and South Darfur State and low (28.6% - 35.2% 95%, CI) in Northern State. In high-risk areas (high sero-prevalence), Blue Nile (70.4%) and North Kordofan (57.7%), middle age groups (7 - 12 and 13 - 18 months) were identified as high-risk age. Middle age groups showed lower sero-prevalence than preceding (3 - 6 months) and subsequent (>18 months) age groups while the risk of exposure increased with age. Current and previous findings suggested a transmission pathway of PPRV involving the South Eastern border (Blue Nile) and neighbouring Central Sudan to North Kordofan. One month after vaccination 88.4% (343/388) of sero-negative animals were sero-converted suggesting the efficacy of the locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine. Even if only individuals in the high-risk age group (7 - 18 months) were vaccinated, the overall population immunity (OPI) in high-risk areas (the Blue Nile and North Kordofan) would have surpassed the threshold of 70%, which is indicated for blocking PPRV transmission. However, lower vaccination coverage is expected in wider vaccination programmes. These findings primarily justified the targeting of PPR control in Sudan through the vaccination of high-risk age groups in high-risk areas.展开更多
The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral...The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral trait can influence numerous biological functions,primarily the stress axis,affecting production characteristics and animal welfare.A crucial aspect of temperament expression lies in how individuals perceive stressors.Molecular research has begun to elucidate the central pathways involved in the expression of temperament.Recent investigations suggest that the rumen microbiome may influence temperament,like the way that the effect of the gut microbiota on the brain in monogastric species.Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and ruminant temperament.Future applications may include modifying the temperament of production animals through the manipulation of the rumen microbiota and potentially enhancing their health and welfare.展开更多
Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to em...Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion is essential for developing effective interventions.The present research sought to investigate the potential mediating roles of rumination and coping strategies(adaptive and maladaptive)in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September 2023 and January 2024 involving 576 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab who met the inclusion criteria and actively participated in the study.We employed the Perceived Stress Scale,the Ruminative Response Scale,the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(COPE),and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI)to assess the hypothesized study model.Path analysis was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model,incorporating simple and chain mediation processes.Results:The findings provided empirical evidence supporting a positive association between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion.Rumination significantlymediated this relationship.Further,both adaptive andmaladaptive coping strategieswere found tomediate this relationship,withmaladaptive coping demonstrating amore substantial impact.Conclusion:The chainmediation model demonstrated that rumination and coping strategies(both maladaptive and adaptive)significantly mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Specifically,rumination was found to be a key mediator,with maladaptive coping strategies having a more substantial impact.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion in the pharmacy profession.展开更多
The objective of this study was to characterize the rumination time in lactating dairy cows fed with corn silage.Rumination time was recorded 24 h/day using direct visual observation.Six trials were conducted during 2...The objective of this study was to characterize the rumination time in lactating dairy cows fed with corn silage.Rumination time was recorded 24 h/day using direct visual observation.Six trials were conducted during 2018,2019 and 2020,and rumination time was recorded in 480-2-hour periods from 40 Holstein Friesian cows.In each trial,6 or 8 cows were selected and balanced for days in milk(DIM),milk production and number of lactations.Each cow was recorded continuously for periods of 2 h at a time to complete a full 24-h period per week(12 values per day).Data from all cows were associated with 4 reproductive statuses of cows:Inseminated(1-45 days after insemination),Open(45-150 days after calving),not-pregnant and pregnant.The longest rumination time(RT)was found in pregnant cows(average 536.9±29.87 min/day),and the shortest RT was in open cows(average 420.3±63.2 min/day).Inseminated and non-pregnant cows were found with intermediate values(527.3±82.4 min/day and 467.1±30.7 respectively).Significantly different RT means were found between pregnant and open cows(p<0.0001),pregnant vs.inseminated cows(p<0.0001),and between inseminated and open cows(p=0.0005).We concluded that some gynecological conditions of lactating cows affect the RT.Measurement of RT by visual observations proved to be acceptable for the conditions of this study when cows were housed indoors and were fed with partial mixed ration(PMR)based on corn silage.展开更多
Background Subacute rumen acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health,but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing require...Background Subacute rumen acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health,but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing require-ments.This study explores the potential of the buccal(oral)microbiome as a diagnostic indicator for SARA,hypoth-esizing an interaction with the rumen microbiome.Results The study involved 47 dairy goats,including 11 on a control diet and 36 on high-concentrate diets with increasing rumen-degradable starch.Animals were grouped based on dietary exposure and ruminal pH:Control,Low-RDS Tolerance/SARA(LRDST/LRDSS),and High-RDS Tolerance/SARA(HRDST/HRDSS).Transcriptomics of rumen epithelium showed heightened inflammatory pathway gene expression in SARA-susceptible goats compared to controls and tolerant groups.Alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria showed lower Shannon diversity in HRDSS goats compared to HRDST whereas buccal bacteria displayed significantly lower Chao1 diversity in LRDSS goats compared to HRDST.Beta diversity analyses revealed distinct patterns between SARA-affected goats and healthy controls in both ruminal and buccal microbiomes.Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 emerged as a candidate biomarker,with reduced abundance in SARA-susceptible goats in both rumen and buccal samples.Machine learning classifiers achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SARA-susceptible goats using this genus(rumen AUC=0.807;buccal AUC=0.779).Source tracking analysis illustrated diminished cross-population of bacteria from the buccal to rumen(2.86%to 0.25%)and vice versa(8.59%to 1.17%),signifying compromised microbial interchange in SARA-affected goats.A microbiota transplant experiment verified SARA microbiota’s ability to induce pH decline,escalate inflammation-related gene expression(MAPK10,IL17B,FOSB,SPP1),disrupt microbial transfer,and reduce Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in recipients.Conclusion Our findings highlight SARA’s dual impact on ruminal and buccal microbiota,exacerbating epithelial inflammation gene expression.Shifts in the buccal microbiome,specifically reductions in Prevotellaceae_UCG-003,mirror ruminal changes and can be influenced by inter-compartmental bacterial transmission,thereby offering a non-invasive diagnostic approach for SARA.展开更多
Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investig...Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investigated.Twenty-four fattening Angus females of similar initial weight(575.5±22.1 kg)were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 4 replicate pens(3 cattle per pen).They were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g L-Leu/100 kg BW/d for 120 d.Results(1)Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA)(P=0.017),propionate(P=0.023),isovalerate(P=0.001),and branched-chain volatile fatty acid(BCVFA)(P=0.01)at 4 h post-feeding.It also tended to increase acetate(P=0.083)and decrease the ammonia-N(NH_3-N)concentration(P=0.055),but it did not affect ruminal pH(P>0.1).Leu also increased microbial crude protein(MCP)(P=0.026)at 4 h post-feeding,but decreased MCP at 8 h post-feeding(P=0.010).(2)Supplementation with L-Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of phenylalanine(P=0.011),lysine(P=0.034),and tyrosine(P=0.033),while decreasing the cystine concentration(P=0.010).(3)Leu increased the thickness of the stratum spinosum and basal(P<0.05),while decreasing the thickness of the stratum granulosum(P<0.05).(4)Leu upregulated the relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tight junction proteins(P<0.05)and VFA absorption and metabolism(P<0.01)in the rumen epithelium.This upregulation was positively correlated with the concentrations ruminal isovalerate and BCVFA(P<0.01).(5)L-Leu did not affect the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes(P>0.05),but differential bacterial biomarkers(LEfSe,LDA>2)were either positively or negatively correlated with ruminal MCP,NH_3-N,and BCVFA concentrations(P<0.001).Additionally,differential bacterial metabolites(OPLS-DA,VIP>1.5)were primarily enriched in the amino acid metabolism pathway and the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathway(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary supplementation with L-Leu altered rumen fermentation parameters and patterns,improved rumen epithelial morphology,and enhanced the expression of genes related to VFA absorption and metabolism in the rumen epithelium of beef cattle.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rumination is a critical psychological factor contributing to the relapse of major depressive episodes(MDEs)and a core residual symptom in remitted MDEs.Investigating its neural correlations is essential fo...BACKGROUND Rumination is a critical psychological factor contributing to the relapse of major depressive episodes(MDEs)and a core residual symptom in remitted MDEs.Investigating its neural correlations is essential for developing strategies to prevent MDE relapse.Despite its clinical importance,the brain network mechanisms underlying rumination in remitted MDE patients have yet to be fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the brain network mechanism underlying rumination in patients with remitted MDEs using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).METHODS We conducted an fMRI-based rumination-distraction task to induce rumination and distraction states in 51 patients with remitted MDEs.Functional connectivity(FC)was analyzed using the network-based statistic(NBS)approach,and eight topological metrics were calculated to compare the network topological properties between the two states.Correlation analyses were further performed to identify the relationships between individual rumination levels and the significantly altered brain network metrics.RESULTS The NBS analysis revealed that the altered FCs between the rumination and distraction states were located primarily in the frontoparietal,default mode,and cerebellar networks.No significant correlation was detected between these altered FCs and individual rumination levels.Among the eight topological metrics,the clustering coefficient,shortest path length,and local efficiency were significantly lower during rumination and positively correlated with individual rumination levels.In contrast,global efficiency was greater in the rumination state than in the distraction state and was negatively correlated with individual rumination levels.CONCLUSION Our work revealed the altered FC and topological properties during rumination in remitted MDE patients,offering valuable insights into the neural mechanisms of rumination from a brain network perspective.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to enhance the prevention and control of peste des petits ruminants(PPR)and goatpox(GTP).[Methods]Two experimental sheep farms in Northern Shandong were selected to conduct a compa...[Objectives]This study was conducted to enhance the prevention and control of peste des petits ruminants(PPR)and goatpox(GTP).[Methods]Two experimental sheep farms in Northern Shandong were selected to conduct a comparative experiment between separate vaccinations for PPR and GTP and immunization with a combined live vaccine for both diseases.Antibody levels were measured to assess immunization effect on days 7,14,21 and 28 after vaccination.[Results]The qualified rates of group immune antibodies in both the experimental and control groups exceeded 75%,achieving the goal of preventing both PPR and GTP through a single immunization.[Conclusions]This study provides clinical application references for the prevention of PPR and GTP in the local area.展开更多
In 2013,peste des petits ruminants(PPR)re-emerged in China and spread to the majority of provinces across the country.The disease was effectively controlled through a vaccination campaign employing live attenuated vac...In 2013,peste des petits ruminants(PPR)re-emerged in China and spread to the majority of provinces across the country.The disease was effectively controlled through a vaccination campaign employing live attenuated vaccines,although sporadic cases still occurred.However,limited information is currently available regarding the peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV)endemic in China.Here,a PPRV strain(HLJ/13)was isolated from a field sample in China using Vero cells expressing goat signalling lymphocyte activation molecule.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HLJ/13 belonged to lineage IV.Subsequent intranasal and subcutaneous inoculation of goats with a dose of 2×10~6 TCID50of HLJ/13 resulted in the development of typical clinical symptoms of PPR,including pyrexia,ocular and nasal discharges,stomatitis,and diarrhea.All infected goats succumbed to the disease by day 8.To gain further insight,viral loading,pathological examination and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted,elucidating the main targets of HLJ/13 as the respiratory system,digestive tract and lymphoid organs.Employing the goat infection model established above,the goat poxvirus-vectored PPR vaccine,which was previously developed and could be used as DIVA(differentiating infected from vaccinated animals)vaccine,provided complete protection against the challenge of HLJ/13.It is important to note that this study represents the first comprehensive report delineating the biology and pathogenicity characterization,and infection model of PPRV isolated in China.展开更多
Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) describes an animal’s feed efficiency independent of growth performance.The objective of this study was to determine differences in growth performance, carcass traits, major bact...Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) describes an animal’s feed efficiency independent of growth performance.The objective of this study was to determine differences in growth performance, carcass traits, major bacteria attached to ruminal solids-fraction, and ruminal epithelium gene expression between the most-efficient and the least-efficient beef cattle. One-hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to three contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were fed a finishing diet in confinement for 70 d to determine the RFI category for each. Within each group, the two most-efficient(n = 6; RFI coefficient =-2.69 ± 0.58 kg dry matter intake(DMI)/d) and the two least-efficient animals(n = 6; RFI coefficient = 3.08 ± 0.55 kg DMI/d) were selected. Immediately after slaughter, ruminal solids-fraction and ruminal epithelium were collected for bacteria relative abundance and epithelial gene expression analyses, respectively, using real-time PCR.Results: The most-efficient animals consumed less feed(P = 0.01; 5.03 kg less DMI/d) compared with the leastefficient animals. No differences(P > 0.10) in initial body weight(BW), final BW, and average daily gain(ADG) were observed between the two RFI classes. There were no significant RFI × sex effects(P > 0.10) on growth performance.Compared with the least-efficient group, hot carcass weight(HCW), ribeye area(REA), and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat(KPH) were greater(P ≤ 0.05) in the most-efficient cattle. No RFI × sex effect(P > 0.10) for carcass traits was detected between RFI groups. Of the 10 bacterial species evaluated, the most-efficient compared with least efficient cattle had greater(P ≤ 0.05) relative abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Megasphaera elsdenii, and lower(P ≤ 0.05) Succinimonas amylolytica and total bacterial density. No RFI × sex effect on ruminal bacteria was detected between RFI groups. Of the 34 genes evaluated in ruminal epithelium, the mostefficient cattle had greater(P ≤ 0.05) abundance of genes involved in VFA absorption, metabolism, ketogenesis, and immune/inflammation-response. The RFI × sex interactions indicated that responses in gene expression between RFI groups were due to differences in sex. Steers in the most-efficient compared with least-efficient group had greater(P ≤ 0.05) expression of SLC9 A1, HIF1 A, and ACO2. The most-efficient compared with least-efficient heifers had greater(P ≤ 0.05) m RNA expression of BDH1 and lower expression(P ≤ 0.05) of SLC9 A2 and PDHA1.Conclusions: The present study revealed that greater feed efficiency in beef cattle is associated with differences in bacterial species and transcriptional adaptations in the ruminal epithelium that might enhance nutrient delivery and utilization by tissues. The lack of RFI × sex interaction for growth performance and carcass traits indicates that sex may not play a major role in improving these phenotypes in superior RFI beef cattle. However, it is important to note that this result should not be considered a solid biomarker of efficient beef cattle prior to further examination due to the limited number of heifers compared with steers used in the study.展开更多
The present study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 to estimate the sero-prevalence and identify the risk factors of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Cameroon. A total of 269 herds randomly sa...The present study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 to estimate the sero-prevalence and identify the risk factors of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Cameroon. A total of 269 herds randomly sampled across the country have been studied and 1622 samples of serum have been levied on the sheep and goat. The c-ELISA has been studied in order to detect the presence of antibodies in small ruminants like an indicator of exposition to PPRV. The results revealed the circulation of PPRV in the country with a total sero-prevalence of 39% [95%CI;37 - 41] and a sero-prevalence of 63.2% [95%CI;57.2 - 69.2] at the herd level. Sero-prevalence was variable in the ten regions ranging from 7% [95% CI;6.2 - 8.4] to 73% [95% CI;62 - 84] with the northern zone (Adamawa, North and Far-North) having 52.3% [95% CI;37 - 60] and southern zone (including the remaining seven regions) recording 29% [95% CI;11 - 57]. Similarly, it was higher in animals found in urban/peri-urban areas than in rural areas with prevalence ratio of 2.9 [95% CI 2.54 - 3.4;p < 0.001] <em>i.e. </em>3 times more, 1.6 [95% CI 1.36 - 1.90;p < 0.001] <em>i.e.</em> 1.6 times more, and 5.02 [95% CI 3.91 - 6.85;p < 0.001] <em>i.e.</em> 5 times more at national level, in the northern zone and in the southern area, respectively. Five risk factors have been identified: the breeding environment, introduction of new animals into the herds, gathering of animals for pasture and watering, wandering and transhumance. The breeding area appeared to be the most important risk factor associated with disease exposure. The control measures for the eradication of this disease must take into account the epidemiological situation, the breeding environment, animal transhumance and breeding system.展开更多
Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)causes an increase in endotoxin,which can induce immune and inflammatory responses in the ruminal epithelium of dair y cows.In non-ruminants,epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),a...Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)causes an increase in endotoxin,which can induce immune and inflammatory responses in the ruminal epithelium of dair y cows.In non-ruminants,epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),a major bioactive ingredient of green tea,is well-known to alleviate inflammation.Whether EGCG confers protection against SARA-induced inflammation and the underlying mechanisms are unknown.Results In vivo,eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned to either a low-concentrate(40%)diet(CON)or a high-concentrate(60%)diet(HC)for 3 weeks to induce SARA(n=4).Cows with SARA had greater serum coccentrations of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin-6,and epitheliu m had histological signs of damage.In vitro,immortalized bovine ruminal epithelial cells(BREC)were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to imitate the inflammatory damage caused by SARA.Our data revealed that BREC treated with 10 pg/mL LPS for 6 h successfully induce a robust inflammatory response as indicated by increased phosphorylation of IKBa and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65.Pre-treatment of BREC with 50μmol/L EGCG for 6 h before LPS challenge promoted the degradation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome through activation of autophagy,which further repressed activation of NF-κB pathway targeting Toll-like receptor4(TLR4).Analyses also revealed that the ECGG upregulated tight junction(TJ)protein expression upon incubation with LPS.Conclusions Subacute ruminal acidosis causes ruminal epithelium injury and systemic inflammation in dairy cows.However,the anti-in flammatory effects of EGCG help preserve the integrity of the epithelial barrier through activating autophagy when BREC are exposed to LPS.Thus,EGCG could potentially serve as an e,fifective therapeutic agent for SARA-associated inflammation.展开更多
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) super family that is expressed by oocytes and plays key roles in granulosa cell development and fertility in animal. This ...Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) super family that is expressed by oocytes and plays key roles in granulosa cell development and fertility in animal. This study investigated the molecular genetic variation of BMP15 gene of some selected mammalian species with a view to providing relevant genetic information for breeding and selection programmes in the studied species using computational methods. A total of thirty seven (37) BMP15 nucleotide sequences comprising goats (18), sheep (6), cattle (6), swine (4) and chicken (3) were retrieved from the GenBank. Sequence alignment, translation and comparison of the BMP15 gene of the various species were done with ClustalW. High degree of polymorphism of BMP15 gene was observed among the studied species. The significant value (P bovidae family (goat, sheep and cattle). The present information could guide future efforts involving selection of markers of fecundity to improve genetically livestock species in Nigeria.展开更多
Arginine （ARG） exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen （N） metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth...Arginine （ARG） exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen （N） metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth. Unfortunately, unprotected ARG will be degraded in the rumen and its price is high, thus feeding rumen-protected ARG seems to be uneconomical. Alternatively, N-carbamoyl glutamate （NCG） is structural analogue of N-acetyl glutamate, cofactor of cabamoyl phosphate synthetasel, is lower in rumen degradation compared to ARG. Additionally, rumen epithelial and duodenal cells have potentially utilized the NCG for ureagenesis. Supplementation of NCG to high yielding dairy cows increased plasma concentration of ARG and nitric oxide, decreased the plasma ammonia N and improved lactation performance and N utilization. Supplementation of NCG enhanced pregnancy rates in rats, improved litter size and fetal survival rate, thereby improved the reproductive performance of sows. Oral NCG supplementation increases plasma ARG and somatotropin levels, and increased growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. The NCG is potential a relatively cheaper source of feed additive to offer vital compensation over oral administration of ARG, resulting in improved ruminant animal health and production. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of AfiG biosynthesis by NCG and their significance in growth, reproduction, milk production and N utilization in ruminant animals.展开更多
Nitrogenous emissions from ruminant livestock production are of increasing public concern and, together with methane, contribute to environmental pollution. The main cause of nitrogen-(N)-containing emissions is the i...Nitrogenous emissions from ruminant livestock production are of increasing public concern and, together with methane, contribute to environmental pollution. The main cause of nitrogen-(N)-containing emissions is the inadequate provision of N to ruminants, leading to an excess of ammonia in the rumen, which is subsequently excreted. Depending on the size and molecular structure, various bacterial, protozoal and fungal species are involved in the ruminal breakdown of nitrogenous compounds(NC). Decelerating ruminal NC degradation by controlling the abundance and activity of proteolytic and deaminating microorganisms, but without reducing cellulolytic processes, is a promising strategy to decrease N emissions along with increasing N utilization by ruminants. Different dietary options, including among others the treatment of feedstuffs with heat or the application of diverse feed additives, as well as vaccination against rumen microorganisms or their enzymes have been evaluated. Thereby, reduced productions of microbial metabolites, e.g. ammonia, and increased microbial N flows give evidence for an improved N retention. However, linkage between these findings and alterations in the rumen microbiota composition, particularly NC-degrading microbes, remains sparse and contradictory findings confound the exact evaluation of these manipulating strategies, thus emphasizing the need for comprehensive research. The demand for increased sustainability in ruminant livestock production requests to apply attention to microbial N utilization efficiency and this will require a better understanding of underlying metabolic processes as well as composition and interactions of ruminal NC-degrading microorganisms.展开更多
Background： The objective of this study was to characterize the mRNA expression profile related to rumen epithelial inflammation through the in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the in vivo experiment, rumen papillae...Background： The objective of this study was to characterize the mRNA expression profile related to rumen epithelial inflammation through the in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the in vivo experiment, rumen papillae were collected from four dairy cows adapted to either a 40 % （LC） or 70 % （HC） concentrate feeds for microarray analysis. Results： Results showed that 245 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were detected in the cows fed the HC relative to the LC diet. The DEGs were first annotated, and results revealed that the expression of inflammation- related genes, including IL-1t8, 1L-2, IL-22, CCL19, CCLS, CX3CR1, CXCL6, INHBE, LEPR, PRL, and TNFRSF9 found in the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway were up-regulated in the HC-fed cows, indicating local inflammation in the rumen epithelium was triggered. The expression of IL-1~, 1l_-2, and IL-6 was further validated by qRT-PCR. To demonstrate whether there were relationships between cytokine mRNA expression and ruminal factors （pH and LPS）, the isolated ruminal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro. Results showed that the mRNA expression of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 increased after the LPS treatment, while Iow-pH treatment elevated the mRNA expression of TNF-a, suggesting that Iow-pH coupled with higher levels of LPS in rumen of cows fed the HC may be mainly responsible for the triggered local ruminal inflammation. Conclusions： Our results indicate that ruminal local inflammation response might be triggered during HC feeding and these findings also enhance the knowledge of rumen epithelial adaptation to HC at the molecular level.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China,No.2024SF-YBXM-078.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is common among adolescents with depressive disorders and poses a major public health challenge.Rumination,a key cognitive feature of depression,includes different subtypes that may relate to NSSI through distinct psychological mechanisms.However,how these subtypes interact with specific NSSI behaviors remains unclear.AIM To examine associations between rumination subtypes and specific NSSI behaviors in adolescents.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 305 hospitalized adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorders.The subjects ranged from 12-18 years in age.Rumi-nation subtypes were assessed using the Ruminative Response Scale,and 12 NSSI behaviors were evaluated using a validated questionnaire.Network analysis was applied to explore symptom-level associations and identify central symptoms.RESULTS The network analysis revealed close connections between rumination subtypes and NSSI behaviors.Brooding was linked to behaviors such as hitting objects and burning.Scratching emerged as the most influential NSSI symptom.Symptomfocused rumination served as a key bridge connecting rumination and NSSI.CONCLUSION Symptom-focused rumination and scratching were identified as potential intervention targets.These findings highlight the psychological significance of specific cognitive-behavioral links in adolescent depression and suggest directions for tailored prevention and treatment.However,the cross-sectional,single-site design limits causal inference and generalizability.Future longitudinal and multi-center studies are needed to confirm causal pathways and verify the generalizability of the findings to broader adolescent populations.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Y2022QC10)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-03,CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202302 and CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202404)the Basal Research Fund of the Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610382024009)。
文摘Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using seaweeds as an anti-methanogenic feed additive has become prevailing in recent years.Asparagopsis taxiformis is the preferred species because it contains a relatively higher concentration of bromoform.As a type of halogenated methane analogue,bromoform contained in A.taxiformis can specifically inhibit the activity of coenzyme M methyltransferase,thereby blocking the ruminal methanogenesis.However,bromoform is a potential toxin and ozone-depleting substance.In response,current research focuses on the effects of bromoform-enriched seaweed supplementation on ruminant productivity and safety,as well as the impact of large-scale cultivation of seaweeds on the atmospheric environment.The current research on seaweed still needs to be improved,especially in developing more species with low bromoform content,such as Bonnemaisonia hamifera,Dictyota bartayresii,and Cystoseira trinodis.Otherwise,seaweed is rich in bioactive substances and exhibits antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and other physiological properties,but research on the role of these bioactive compounds in methane emissions is lacking.It is worthy of deeper investigation to identify more potential bioactive compounds.As a new focus of attention,seaweed has attracted the interest of many scientists.Nevertheless,seaweed still faces some challenges as a feed additive to ruminants,such as the residues of heavy metals(iodine and bromine)and bromoform in milk or meat,as well as the establishment of a supply chain for seaweed cultivation,preservation,and processing.We have concluded that the methane-reducing efficacy of seaweed is indisputable.However,its application as a commercial feed additive is still influenced by factors such as safety,costs,policy incentives,and regulations.
文摘Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the mammary glands that is frequently observed in animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this infection, identify the pathogens responsible and highlight the risk factors in the region of Labé (Republic of Guinea). The survey involved 96 farmers in three prefectures (Koubia, Labé, Lélouma) and covered 3,199 animals, including 611 lactating females. The clinical survey revealed 49 suspected cases of mastitis, mainly in goats. The analysis showed a prevalence of clinical mastitis of 2.95% and a mortality rate of 18.35%. The identified risk factors were the hygiene of the premises, the age of the females, husbandry practices and the lack of regular veterinary care.
文摘Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is considered as one of the major constraints to the productivity of small ruminants in Sudan. Presently, control measures for PPR are primarily reliant on vaccination using an attenuated PPR strain Nigeria 75/1 that has been produced in monolayers of Vero cells grown in static flasks. This study investigates the potential for scaling up PPR vaccine production using roller bottle technology, a more advanced method. A live, homologous vaccine against PPR in sheep and goats was successfully produced on a large scale in roller culture bottles, with DMEM supplemented with ten percent fetal bovine serum serving as the growth medium. The cells were infected with a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, and the vaccine was harvested when the cytopathic effect reached 80%. The vaccine was then freeze-dried to preserve its stability. A series of tests were conducted to ensure the safety and quality of the vaccine. Using PCR, the identity of vaccine was confirmed. It was found to be safe in both single and 100-times dose inoculations in sheep, with the produced batches showing a high titre of 6.4 ± 0.11 log10 TCID50/ml. All batches met the criteria of sterility, passing tests for bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. Furthermore, the vaccine proved effective in small ruminants, with antibodies persisting for over a year post-vaccination. The residual moisture content remained below 2.5%, and the vaccine successfully passed vacuum testing. Stability tests indicated that the vaccine has a shelf-life of at least one year when stored at temperatures of 2˚C - 8˚C and −20˚C. These results demonstrate the potential for applying roller bottle culture technology to PPR vaccine production, significantly streamlining the existing process and enhancing its efficiency. Further research is warranted to address the economic analyses of adopting roller bottle technology with existing PPR control program.
文摘Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies were studied in Sudanese sheep and goats (n = 855) before and after vaccination with a locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. Animals were kept healthy under field conditions, in four states: Blue Nile (n = 250), North Kordofan (n = 189), South Darfur (n = 225) and the Northern State (n = 191). Before vaccination, the overall sero-prevalence of PPRV antibodies was 54.6% (53.2% - 56%, 95% CI);high (64.8% - 76.4%, 95% CI) in Blue Nile State, medium (50.5% - 61.9%, 95% CI) in North Kordofan State and South Darfur State and low (28.6% - 35.2% 95%, CI) in Northern State. In high-risk areas (high sero-prevalence), Blue Nile (70.4%) and North Kordofan (57.7%), middle age groups (7 - 12 and 13 - 18 months) were identified as high-risk age. Middle age groups showed lower sero-prevalence than preceding (3 - 6 months) and subsequent (>18 months) age groups while the risk of exposure increased with age. Current and previous findings suggested a transmission pathway of PPRV involving the South Eastern border (Blue Nile) and neighbouring Central Sudan to North Kordofan. One month after vaccination 88.4% (343/388) of sero-negative animals were sero-converted suggesting the efficacy of the locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine. Even if only individuals in the high-risk age group (7 - 18 months) were vaccinated, the overall population immunity (OPI) in high-risk areas (the Blue Nile and North Kordofan) would have surpassed the threshold of 70%, which is indicated for blocking PPRV transmission. However, lower vaccination coverage is expected in wider vaccination programmes. These findings primarily justified the targeting of PPR control in Sudan through the vaccination of high-risk age groups in high-risk areas.
基金funded by the Sub-Project of the 14th Five-Year National Key Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFD1301705)the High-end Foreign Expert Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(G2023014066L)the State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding of China(2021ZD07).
文摘The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral trait can influence numerous biological functions,primarily the stress axis,affecting production characteristics and animal welfare.A crucial aspect of temperament expression lies in how individuals perceive stressors.Molecular research has begun to elucidate the central pathways involved in the expression of temperament.Recent investigations suggest that the rumen microbiome may influence temperament,like the way that the effect of the gut microbiota on the brain in monogastric species.Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and ruminant temperament.Future applications may include modifying the temperament of production animals through the manipulation of the rumen microbiota and potentially enhancing their health and welfare.
基金supported by Social Policy Grant through Nazarbayev University,Kazakhstan.
文摘Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion is essential for developing effective interventions.The present research sought to investigate the potential mediating roles of rumination and coping strategies(adaptive and maladaptive)in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September 2023 and January 2024 involving 576 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab who met the inclusion criteria and actively participated in the study.We employed the Perceived Stress Scale,the Ruminative Response Scale,the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(COPE),and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI)to assess the hypothesized study model.Path analysis was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model,incorporating simple and chain mediation processes.Results:The findings provided empirical evidence supporting a positive association between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion.Rumination significantlymediated this relationship.Further,both adaptive andmaladaptive coping strategieswere found tomediate this relationship,withmaladaptive coping demonstrating amore substantial impact.Conclusion:The chainmediation model demonstrated that rumination and coping strategies(both maladaptive and adaptive)significantly mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Specifically,rumination was found to be a key mediator,with maladaptive coping strategies having a more substantial impact.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion in the pharmacy profession.
文摘The objective of this study was to characterize the rumination time in lactating dairy cows fed with corn silage.Rumination time was recorded 24 h/day using direct visual observation.Six trials were conducted during 2018,2019 and 2020,and rumination time was recorded in 480-2-hour periods from 40 Holstein Friesian cows.In each trial,6 or 8 cows were selected and balanced for days in milk(DIM),milk production and number of lactations.Each cow was recorded continuously for periods of 2 h at a time to complete a full 24-h period per week(12 values per day).Data from all cows were associated with 4 reproductive statuses of cows:Inseminated(1-45 days after insemination),Open(45-150 days after calving),not-pregnant and pregnant.The longest rumination time(RT)was found in pregnant cows(average 536.9±29.87 min/day),and the shortest RT was in open cows(average 420.3±63.2 min/day).Inseminated and non-pregnant cows were found with intermediate values(527.3±82.4 min/day and 467.1±30.7 respectively).Significantly different RT means were found between pregnant and open cows(p<0.0001),pregnant vs.inseminated cows(p<0.0001),and between inseminated and open cows(p=0.0005).We concluded that some gynecological conditions of lactating cows affect the RT.Measurement of RT by visual observations proved to be acceptable for the conditions of this study when cows were housed indoors and were fed with partial mixed ration(PMR)based on corn silage.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program for International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation between Governments(2023YFE0111800)the Shaanxi Province’s San Qin Talent Attraction Program for Regional Youth Talents.
文摘Background Subacute rumen acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health,but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing require-ments.This study explores the potential of the buccal(oral)microbiome as a diagnostic indicator for SARA,hypoth-esizing an interaction with the rumen microbiome.Results The study involved 47 dairy goats,including 11 on a control diet and 36 on high-concentrate diets with increasing rumen-degradable starch.Animals were grouped based on dietary exposure and ruminal pH:Control,Low-RDS Tolerance/SARA(LRDST/LRDSS),and High-RDS Tolerance/SARA(HRDST/HRDSS).Transcriptomics of rumen epithelium showed heightened inflammatory pathway gene expression in SARA-susceptible goats compared to controls and tolerant groups.Alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria showed lower Shannon diversity in HRDSS goats compared to HRDST whereas buccal bacteria displayed significantly lower Chao1 diversity in LRDSS goats compared to HRDST.Beta diversity analyses revealed distinct patterns between SARA-affected goats and healthy controls in both ruminal and buccal microbiomes.Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 emerged as a candidate biomarker,with reduced abundance in SARA-susceptible goats in both rumen and buccal samples.Machine learning classifiers achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SARA-susceptible goats using this genus(rumen AUC=0.807;buccal AUC=0.779).Source tracking analysis illustrated diminished cross-population of bacteria from the buccal to rumen(2.86%to 0.25%)and vice versa(8.59%to 1.17%),signifying compromised microbial interchange in SARA-affected goats.A microbiota transplant experiment verified SARA microbiota’s ability to induce pH decline,escalate inflammation-related gene expression(MAPK10,IL17B,FOSB,SPP1),disrupt microbial transfer,and reduce Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in recipients.Conclusion Our findings highlight SARA’s dual impact on ruminal and buccal microbiota,exacerbating epithelial inflammation gene expression.Shifts in the buccal microbiome,specifically reductions in Prevotellaceae_UCG-003,mirror ruminal changes and can be influenced by inter-compartmental bacterial transmission,thereby offering a non-invasive diagnostic approach for SARA.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2022YFD1301101-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172758)Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia(Grant No.2024BBF01008)。
文摘Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investigated.Twenty-four fattening Angus females of similar initial weight(575.5±22.1 kg)were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 4 replicate pens(3 cattle per pen).They were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g L-Leu/100 kg BW/d for 120 d.Results(1)Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA)(P=0.017),propionate(P=0.023),isovalerate(P=0.001),and branched-chain volatile fatty acid(BCVFA)(P=0.01)at 4 h post-feeding.It also tended to increase acetate(P=0.083)and decrease the ammonia-N(NH_3-N)concentration(P=0.055),but it did not affect ruminal pH(P>0.1).Leu also increased microbial crude protein(MCP)(P=0.026)at 4 h post-feeding,but decreased MCP at 8 h post-feeding(P=0.010).(2)Supplementation with L-Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of phenylalanine(P=0.011),lysine(P=0.034),and tyrosine(P=0.033),while decreasing the cystine concentration(P=0.010).(3)Leu increased the thickness of the stratum spinosum and basal(P<0.05),while decreasing the thickness of the stratum granulosum(P<0.05).(4)Leu upregulated the relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tight junction proteins(P<0.05)and VFA absorption and metabolism(P<0.01)in the rumen epithelium.This upregulation was positively correlated with the concentrations ruminal isovalerate and BCVFA(P<0.01).(5)L-Leu did not affect the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes(P>0.05),but differential bacterial biomarkers(LEfSe,LDA>2)were either positively or negatively correlated with ruminal MCP,NH_3-N,and BCVFA concentrations(P<0.001).Additionally,differential bacterial metabolites(OPLS-DA,VIP>1.5)were primarily enriched in the amino acid metabolism pathway and the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathway(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary supplementation with L-Leu altered rumen fermentation parameters and patterns,improved rumen epithelial morphology,and enhanced the expression of genes related to VFA absorption and metabolism in the rumen epithelium of beef cattle.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021ZD0202000the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82101612 and No.82471570+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2022JJ40692the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2021RC2040 and No.2024RC3056.
文摘BACKGROUND Rumination is a critical psychological factor contributing to the relapse of major depressive episodes(MDEs)and a core residual symptom in remitted MDEs.Investigating its neural correlations is essential for developing strategies to prevent MDE relapse.Despite its clinical importance,the brain network mechanisms underlying rumination in remitted MDE patients have yet to be fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the brain network mechanism underlying rumination in patients with remitted MDEs using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).METHODS We conducted an fMRI-based rumination-distraction task to induce rumination and distraction states in 51 patients with remitted MDEs.Functional connectivity(FC)was analyzed using the network-based statistic(NBS)approach,and eight topological metrics were calculated to compare the network topological properties between the two states.Correlation analyses were further performed to identify the relationships between individual rumination levels and the significantly altered brain network metrics.RESULTS The NBS analysis revealed that the altered FCs between the rumination and distraction states were located primarily in the frontoparietal,default mode,and cerebellar networks.No significant correlation was detected between these altered FCs and individual rumination levels.Among the eight topological metrics,the clustering coefficient,shortest path length,and local efficiency were significantly lower during rumination and positively correlated with individual rumination levels.In contrast,global efficiency was greater in the rumination state than in the distraction state and was negatively correlated with individual rumination levels.CONCLUSION Our work revealed the altered FC and topological properties during rumination in remitted MDE patients,offering valuable insights into the neural mechanisms of rumination from a brain network perspective.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Sheep Industry Technology System Position Expert Project(SDAIT-10-06)Binzhou Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Policy Guidance Plan Project for the Agricultural Social Service Field(2023SHFZ004).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to enhance the prevention and control of peste des petits ruminants(PPR)and goatpox(GTP).[Methods]Two experimental sheep farms in Northern Shandong were selected to conduct a comparative experiment between separate vaccinations for PPR and GTP and immunization with a combined live vaccine for both diseases.Antibody levels were measured to assess immunization effect on days 7,14,21 and 28 after vaccination.[Results]The qualified rates of group immune antibodies in both the experimental and control groups exceeded 75%,achieving the goal of preventing both PPR and GTP through a single immunization.[Conclusions]This study provides clinical application references for the prevention of PPR and GTP in the local area.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500108)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(ISTCP)(2015DFA31300)。
文摘In 2013,peste des petits ruminants(PPR)re-emerged in China and spread to the majority of provinces across the country.The disease was effectively controlled through a vaccination campaign employing live attenuated vaccines,although sporadic cases still occurred.However,limited information is currently available regarding the peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV)endemic in China.Here,a PPRV strain(HLJ/13)was isolated from a field sample in China using Vero cells expressing goat signalling lymphocyte activation molecule.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HLJ/13 belonged to lineage IV.Subsequent intranasal and subcutaneous inoculation of goats with a dose of 2×10~6 TCID50of HLJ/13 resulted in the development of typical clinical symptoms of PPR,including pyrexia,ocular and nasal discharges,stomatitis,and diarrhea.All infected goats succumbed to the disease by day 8.To gain further insight,viral loading,pathological examination and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted,elucidating the main targets of HLJ/13 as the respiratory system,digestive tract and lymphoid organs.Employing the goat infection model established above,the goat poxvirus-vectored PPR vaccine,which was previously developed and could be used as DIVA(differentiating infected from vaccinated animals)vaccine,provided complete protection against the challenge of HLJ/13.It is important to note that this study represents the first comprehensive report delineating the biology and pathogenicity characterization,and infection model of PPRV isolated in China.
文摘Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) describes an animal’s feed efficiency independent of growth performance.The objective of this study was to determine differences in growth performance, carcass traits, major bacteria attached to ruminal solids-fraction, and ruminal epithelium gene expression between the most-efficient and the least-efficient beef cattle. One-hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to three contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were fed a finishing diet in confinement for 70 d to determine the RFI category for each. Within each group, the two most-efficient(n = 6; RFI coefficient =-2.69 ± 0.58 kg dry matter intake(DMI)/d) and the two least-efficient animals(n = 6; RFI coefficient = 3.08 ± 0.55 kg DMI/d) were selected. Immediately after slaughter, ruminal solids-fraction and ruminal epithelium were collected for bacteria relative abundance and epithelial gene expression analyses, respectively, using real-time PCR.Results: The most-efficient animals consumed less feed(P = 0.01; 5.03 kg less DMI/d) compared with the leastefficient animals. No differences(P > 0.10) in initial body weight(BW), final BW, and average daily gain(ADG) were observed between the two RFI classes. There were no significant RFI × sex effects(P > 0.10) on growth performance.Compared with the least-efficient group, hot carcass weight(HCW), ribeye area(REA), and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat(KPH) were greater(P ≤ 0.05) in the most-efficient cattle. No RFI × sex effect(P > 0.10) for carcass traits was detected between RFI groups. Of the 10 bacterial species evaluated, the most-efficient compared with least efficient cattle had greater(P ≤ 0.05) relative abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Megasphaera elsdenii, and lower(P ≤ 0.05) Succinimonas amylolytica and total bacterial density. No RFI × sex effect on ruminal bacteria was detected between RFI groups. Of the 34 genes evaluated in ruminal epithelium, the mostefficient cattle had greater(P ≤ 0.05) abundance of genes involved in VFA absorption, metabolism, ketogenesis, and immune/inflammation-response. The RFI × sex interactions indicated that responses in gene expression between RFI groups were due to differences in sex. Steers in the most-efficient compared with least-efficient group had greater(P ≤ 0.05) expression of SLC9 A1, HIF1 A, and ACO2. The most-efficient compared with least-efficient heifers had greater(P ≤ 0.05) m RNA expression of BDH1 and lower expression(P ≤ 0.05) of SLC9 A2 and PDHA1.Conclusions: The present study revealed that greater feed efficiency in beef cattle is associated with differences in bacterial species and transcriptional adaptations in the ruminal epithelium that might enhance nutrient delivery and utilization by tissues. The lack of RFI × sex interaction for growth performance and carcass traits indicates that sex may not play a major role in improving these phenotypes in superior RFI beef cattle. However, it is important to note that this result should not be considered a solid biomarker of efficient beef cattle prior to further examination due to the limited number of heifers compared with steers used in the study.
文摘The present study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 to estimate the sero-prevalence and identify the risk factors of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Cameroon. A total of 269 herds randomly sampled across the country have been studied and 1622 samples of serum have been levied on the sheep and goat. The c-ELISA has been studied in order to detect the presence of antibodies in small ruminants like an indicator of exposition to PPRV. The results revealed the circulation of PPRV in the country with a total sero-prevalence of 39% [95%CI;37 - 41] and a sero-prevalence of 63.2% [95%CI;57.2 - 69.2] at the herd level. Sero-prevalence was variable in the ten regions ranging from 7% [95% CI;6.2 - 8.4] to 73% [95% CI;62 - 84] with the northern zone (Adamawa, North and Far-North) having 52.3% [95% CI;37 - 60] and southern zone (including the remaining seven regions) recording 29% [95% CI;11 - 57]. Similarly, it was higher in animals found in urban/peri-urban areas than in rural areas with prevalence ratio of 2.9 [95% CI 2.54 - 3.4;p < 0.001] <em>i.e. </em>3 times more, 1.6 [95% CI 1.36 - 1.90;p < 0.001] <em>i.e.</em> 1.6 times more, and 5.02 [95% CI 3.91 - 6.85;p < 0.001] <em>i.e.</em> 5 times more at national level, in the northern zone and in the southern area, respectively. Five risk factors have been identified: the breeding environment, introduction of new animals into the herds, gathering of animals for pasture and watering, wandering and transhumance. The breeding area appeared to be the most important risk factor associated with disease exposure. The control measures for the eradication of this disease must take into account the epidemiological situation, the breeding environment, animal transhumance and breeding system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Beijing,China,grant nos.32125038)。
文摘Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)causes an increase in endotoxin,which can induce immune and inflammatory responses in the ruminal epithelium of dair y cows.In non-ruminants,epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),a major bioactive ingredient of green tea,is well-known to alleviate inflammation.Whether EGCG confers protection against SARA-induced inflammation and the underlying mechanisms are unknown.Results In vivo,eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned to either a low-concentrate(40%)diet(CON)or a high-concentrate(60%)diet(HC)for 3 weeks to induce SARA(n=4).Cows with SARA had greater serum coccentrations of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin-6,and epitheliu m had histological signs of damage.In vitro,immortalized bovine ruminal epithelial cells(BREC)were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to imitate the inflammatory damage caused by SARA.Our data revealed that BREC treated with 10 pg/mL LPS for 6 h successfully induce a robust inflammatory response as indicated by increased phosphorylation of IKBa and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65.Pre-treatment of BREC with 50μmol/L EGCG for 6 h before LPS challenge promoted the degradation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome through activation of autophagy,which further repressed activation of NF-κB pathway targeting Toll-like receptor4(TLR4).Analyses also revealed that the ECGG upregulated tight junction(TJ)protein expression upon incubation with LPS.Conclusions Subacute ruminal acidosis causes ruminal epithelium injury and systemic inflammation in dairy cows.However,the anti-in flammatory effects of EGCG help preserve the integrity of the epithelial barrier through activating autophagy when BREC are exposed to LPS.Thus,EGCG could potentially serve as an e,fifective therapeutic agent for SARA-associated inflammation.
文摘Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) super family that is expressed by oocytes and plays key roles in granulosa cell development and fertility in animal. This study investigated the molecular genetic variation of BMP15 gene of some selected mammalian species with a view to providing relevant genetic information for breeding and selection programmes in the studied species using computational methods. A total of thirty seven (37) BMP15 nucleotide sequences comprising goats (18), sheep (6), cattle (6), swine (4) and chicken (3) were retrieved from the GenBank. Sequence alignment, translation and comparison of the BMP15 gene of the various species were done with ClustalW. High degree of polymorphism of BMP15 gene was observed among the studied species. The significant value (P bovidae family (goat, sheep and cattle). The present information could guide future efforts involving selection of markers of fecundity to improve genetically livestock species in Nigeria.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-37)
文摘Arginine （ARG） exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen （N） metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth. Unfortunately, unprotected ARG will be degraded in the rumen and its price is high, thus feeding rumen-protected ARG seems to be uneconomical. Alternatively, N-carbamoyl glutamate （NCG） is structural analogue of N-acetyl glutamate, cofactor of cabamoyl phosphate synthetasel, is lower in rumen degradation compared to ARG. Additionally, rumen epithelial and duodenal cells have potentially utilized the NCG for ureagenesis. Supplementation of NCG to high yielding dairy cows increased plasma concentration of ARG and nitric oxide, decreased the plasma ammonia N and improved lactation performance and N utilization. Supplementation of NCG enhanced pregnancy rates in rats, improved litter size and fetal survival rate, thereby improved the reproductive performance of sows. Oral NCG supplementation increases plasma ARG and somatotropin levels, and increased growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. The NCG is potential a relatively cheaper source of feed additive to offer vital compensation over oral administration of ARG, resulting in improved ruminant animal health and production. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of AfiG biosynthesis by NCG and their significance in growth, reproduction, milk production and N utilization in ruminant animals.
基金supported by the"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"(DFG,German Research Foundation,SU124/33–1)
文摘Nitrogenous emissions from ruminant livestock production are of increasing public concern and, together with methane, contribute to environmental pollution. The main cause of nitrogen-(N)-containing emissions is the inadequate provision of N to ruminants, leading to an excess of ammonia in the rumen, which is subsequently excreted. Depending on the size and molecular structure, various bacterial, protozoal and fungal species are involved in the ruminal breakdown of nitrogenous compounds(NC). Decelerating ruminal NC degradation by controlling the abundance and activity of proteolytic and deaminating microorganisms, but without reducing cellulolytic processes, is a promising strategy to decrease N emissions along with increasing N utilization by ruminants. Different dietary options, including among others the treatment of feedstuffs with heat or the application of diverse feed additives, as well as vaccination against rumen microorganisms or their enzymes have been evaluated. Thereby, reduced productions of microbial metabolites, e.g. ammonia, and increased microbial N flows give evidence for an improved N retention. However, linkage between these findings and alterations in the rumen microbiota composition, particularly NC-degrading microbes, remains sparse and contradictory findings confound the exact evaluation of these manipulating strategies, thus emphasizing the need for comprehensive research. The demand for increased sustainability in ruminant livestock production requests to apply attention to microbial N utilization efficiency and this will require a better understanding of underlying metabolic processes as well as composition and interactions of ruminal NC-degrading microorganisms.
基金support of the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB100801)
文摘Background： The objective of this study was to characterize the mRNA expression profile related to rumen epithelial inflammation through the in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the in vivo experiment, rumen papillae were collected from four dairy cows adapted to either a 40 % （LC） or 70 % （HC） concentrate feeds for microarray analysis. Results： Results showed that 245 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were detected in the cows fed the HC relative to the LC diet. The DEGs were first annotated, and results revealed that the expression of inflammation- related genes, including IL-1t8, 1L-2, IL-22, CCL19, CCLS, CX3CR1, CXCL6, INHBE, LEPR, PRL, and TNFRSF9 found in the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway were up-regulated in the HC-fed cows, indicating local inflammation in the rumen epithelium was triggered. The expression of IL-1~, 1l_-2, and IL-6 was further validated by qRT-PCR. To demonstrate whether there were relationships between cytokine mRNA expression and ruminal factors （pH and LPS）, the isolated ruminal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro. Results showed that the mRNA expression of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 increased after the LPS treatment, while Iow-pH treatment elevated the mRNA expression of TNF-a, suggesting that Iow-pH coupled with higher levels of LPS in rumen of cows fed the HC may be mainly responsible for the triggered local ruminal inflammation. Conclusions： Our results indicate that ruminal local inflammation response might be triggered during HC feeding and these findings also enhance the knowledge of rumen epithelial adaptation to HC at the molecular level.
