Rhizoma Atractylodis has a long history of medicinal use,a broad spectrum of applications,and diverse clinical utility.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Rhizoma Atractylodis,focusing on its processing,c...Rhizoma Atractylodis has a long history of medicinal use,a broad spectrum of applications,and diverse clinical utility.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Rhizoma Atractylodis,focusing on its processing,chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and product development.Processing methods include stir-frying with bran,stir-frying until cooked,and rinsing with rice-washed water.The chemical composition includes terpenes,alkynes,sugars and their glycosides,organic acids and their esters,coumarins,and other compounds.Its pharmacological effects include the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases,arthritis,liver diseases,lung diseases,cancer,cardiovascular conditions,etc.Finally,product development prospects include decoction-ready products,Chinese patent medicines,health products and daily necessities,epidemic prevention,and veterinary medicine.Notably,this review simultaneously discusses,analyzes,and explores the quality control and industrial development of Rhizoma Atractylodis,offering guidance for advancing related industries,enhancing production quality control,and exploring innovative strategies for the clinical application and development of new Rhizoma Atractylodis-based products.展开更多
Deep learning now underpins many state-of-the-art systems for biomedical image and signal processing,enabling automated lesion detection,physiological monitoring,and therapy planning with accuracy that rivals expert p...Deep learning now underpins many state-of-the-art systems for biomedical image and signal processing,enabling automated lesion detection,physiological monitoring,and therapy planning with accuracy that rivals expert performance.This survey reviews the principal model families as convolutional,recurrent,generative,reinforcement,autoencoder,and transfer-learning approaches as emphasising how their architectural choices map to tasks such as segmentation,classification,reconstruction,and anomaly detection.A dedicated treatment of multimodal fusion networks shows how imaging features can be integrated with genomic profiles and clinical records to yield more robust,context-aware predictions.To support clinical adoption,we outline post-hoc explainability techniques(Grad-CAM,SHAP,LIME)and describe emerging intrinsically interpretable designs that expose decision logic to end users.Regulatory guidance from the U.S.FDA,the European Medicines Agency,and the EU AI Act is summarised,linking transparency and lifecycle-monitoring requirements to concrete development practices.Remaining challenges as data imbalance,computational cost,privacy constraints,and cross-domain generalization are discussed alongside promising solutions such as federated learning,uncertainty quantification,and lightweight 3-D architectures.The article therefore offers researchers,clinicians,and policymakers a concise,practice-oriented roadmap for deploying trustworthy deep-learning systems in healthcare.展开更多
Background:Traditional Chinese medicine requires special processing before it can be effectively used for clinical treatment of diseases.In particular,Tangshen stir-fried with wheat bran smoke has been found to enhanc...Background:Traditional Chinese medicine requires special processing before it can be effectively used for clinical treatment of diseases.In particular,Tangshen stir-fried with wheat bran smoke has been found to enhance the function of the stomach and spleen.However,there is limited research on the technology and pharmacodynamic effects of Tangshen fried with bran.Therefore,the objective of this article is to optimize the method of stir-frying with bran for Tangshen processing and to compare the anti-fatigue and hypoxia-resistance effects of Tangshen before and after bran-frying.Methods:The response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the frying temperature,frying time,and the bran-to-Tangshen ratio,using lobetyolin as the indicator.The swimming time of mice and the levels of blood urea nitrogen,lactate dehydrogenase,and blood glucose in fatigued mice were compared before and after Tangshen was fried with bran.Additionally,the hypoxic resistance ability of Tangshen before and after bran-frying was determined through normobaric hypoxia test and sodium nitrite poisoning test.Results:The optimal bran-frying conditions for Tangshen processing were determined as:frying temperature of 167°C,frying time of 2.67 min,and the bran-to-Tangshen ratio of 50:100.Pharmacodynamic analysis results indicated that Tangshen significantly increased the GLU content(P<0.01)and significantly reduced the LDH content(P<0.01)both before and after bran-frying.While both traditional and new bran-frying methods significantly increased the content of muscle glycogen(P<0.05),the optimized method in this study also significantly elevated the content of liver glycogen(P<0.05).The traditional method significantly prolonged the survival time of mice from sodium nitrite poisoning(P<0.05).Conclusion:The response surface model proved to be highly effective in optimizing the stir-frying process with bran for Tangshen processing.The results of this study indicate that Tangshen possesses anti-fatigue and hypoxia-resistance effects both before and after bran-frying,with bran-fried Tangshen exhibiting significantly stronger effects.展开更多
Objective To study how to improve and perfect the information platform and processing mechanism of drug shortages in China.Methods By searching the relevant policies from official websites of FDA,European Medicines Ag...Objective To study how to improve and perfect the information platform and processing mechanism of drug shortages in China.Methods By searching the relevant policies from official websites of FDA,European Medicines Agency(EMA),Health Canada(HC)and National Health Commission,the good experience of the United States,the European Union and Canada in the construction of information platform and processing mechanism of drug shortages was summarized for reference in China.Results and Conclusion China has initially established the processing mechanism of drug shortages,but the platform construction should be improved,and the information disclosure of drug shortages varies from province to province.We should improve the information platform of drug shortages,strengthen the disclosure and communication of information,enrich the processing tools and measures after the drug shortages occurs,and strengthen the cooperation with relevant associations and other non-governmental departments.展开更多
Stir-frying is one of the important methods of processing medicinal materials. When stir-frying medicinal materials, no auxiliary materials are added, and only equipment is used to control the stir-frying temperature....Stir-frying is one of the important methods of processing medicinal materials. When stir-frying medicinal materials, no auxiliary materials are added, and only equipment is used to control the stir-frying temperature. Through stir-frying, expected changes in the appearance, smell and medicinal properties of the medicinal materials are promoted, and the application value of the Chinese medicinal materials is improved. In this paper, the method of stir-frying is briefly described, and the three operation methods of stir-frying yellow, stir-frying coke and stir-frying charcoal are explained. The practical application of stir-frying Chinese medicine processing is also analyzed.展开更多
For pharmaceutical enterprises, the emphasis is on strengthening the production level of sterile drugs. The standard requirements for the production of sterile drugs are extremely strict and the standard requirements ...For pharmaceutical enterprises, the emphasis is on strengthening the production level of sterile drugs. The standard requirements for the production of sterile drugs are extremely strict and the standard requirements for sterility are relatively high. However, at present, there are still some non-standard behaviors in the actual production process of aseptic drugs, which need to be solved and improved by strengthening aseptic control. Based on this, this paper studies the aseptic control in the production process of aseptic drugs, first outlines the basic characteristics of aseptic drugs, then analyzes the non-standard behavior in the production process of aseptic drugs, and finally studies the aseptic control strategy.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine processing is a traditional Chinese medicine processing technology with a long history in our country. Through different processing methods, the properties, functions and side effects of t...Traditional Chinese medicine processing is a traditional Chinese medicine processing technology with a long history in our country. Through different processing methods, the properties, functions and side effects of traditional Chinese medicine will change. The ultimate purpose of processing Chinese medicine is to reduce the toxicity of Chinese medicine and enhance the drug properties. With the development of science and technology, the processing of traditional Chinese medicine plays an extremely important role in the properties of the medicine. In this paper, the effects of different processing methods on the medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine are explained.展开更多
The theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”was firstly put forward by Chen Jiamu,a medical doctor of Xin’an,in“Enlightening Primer of Materia Medica”.This theory integrates the theory of th...The theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”was firstly put forward by Chen Jiamu,a medical doctor of Xin’an,in“Enlightening Primer of Materia Medica”.This theory integrates the theory of the five elements of Chinese medicine that the five flavors enter into the five viscera,and forms the theory of the role of the auxiliary materials of Chinese medicine concoctions.This theory is an important guiding significance for the clinical use of raw and cooked Chinese medicine tablets.At present,there are more studies on the theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”in the literature,mainly focusing on the chemical composition,efficacy changes and the concoction mechanism of salt products of traditional Chinese medicines before and after salt preparation.There are relatively few review papers on the theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”from the perspectives of auxiliary salt and attribution of meridians.In this paper,through reviewing relevant ancient books and literature,and on the basis of the previous review articles,this paper centers on the auxiliary salt,and conducts in-depth excavation and elaboration in terms of its sources,types,and the historical evolution of the salt production method.From the perspective of categorization,focusing on the core theory of“Kidney stores essence,governing reproduction,bone and generating marrow,water and brain”,we summarize the changes in efficacy before and after the salt preparation of kidney tonic traditional Chinese medicines,the changes in external and internal constituents as well as the scientific connotation of the concocting mechanism behind the effect-constituent changes.The scientific connotation of the concoction theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”was initially elucidated,providing a new reference model for the study of the theory of Chinese medicine concoction attribution.展开更多
The latest progress in the process optimization and stability improvement of third-generation cephalosporins in recent years was reviewed.The introduction of green chemistry,enzyme catalysis,nanotechnology,lyophilizat...The latest progress in the process optimization and stability improvement of third-generation cephalosporins in recent years was reviewed.The introduction of green chemistry,enzyme catalysis,nanotechnology,lyophilization,and nitrogen-filled packaging technologies can only improve production efficiency and reduce the generation of by-products,but also significantly extend the shelf life of drugs.In the future,process automation and intelligent technology will further optimize the large-scale production process,and the combination of nanotechnology and precision drug delivery will promote the improvement of effect in clinical applications.展开更多
目的基于AHP-TOPSIS法建立达格列净药物利用评价(Drug utilization evaluation,DUE)标准,为指导临床用药提供参考。方法以达格列净药品说明书为基础,以相关指南、专家共识等资料为依据,建立达格列净的DUE标准,并利用层次分析法(Analytic...目的基于AHP-TOPSIS法建立达格列净药物利用评价(Drug utilization evaluation,DUE)标准,为指导临床用药提供参考。方法以达格列净药品说明书为基础,以相关指南、专家共识等资料为依据,建立达格列净的DUE标准,并利用层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)联合逼近理想解排序法(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)对2024年1至12月南京中医药大学常熟附属医院应用达格列净患者的住院病历进行用药情况分析,评价其用药合理性。结果在1425份病历中,683例(47.93%)用药合理[0.8≤最优方案之间的接近程度(Closeness to ideal solution,C_(i))≤1.0],665例(46.67%)用药基本合理(0.6≤C_(i)<0.8),77例(5.40%)用药不合理(C_(i)<0.6)。77份病历用药不合理主要体现在用药风险评估、适应证、禁忌证、特殊人群使用和不良反应等方面。结论基于AHP-TOPSIS法建立的达格列净合理用药评价体系,其评价结果能以可量化数据的形式应用于药物合理性评价。我院达格列净的使用总体较合理,但仍存在超适应证用药、用药风险评估不足和出现不良反应等问题,临床用药需要进一步优化。展开更多
基金by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFD154)Wuhan Municipal Health Scientific Research Fund(WZ24Z22).
文摘Rhizoma Atractylodis has a long history of medicinal use,a broad spectrum of applications,and diverse clinical utility.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Rhizoma Atractylodis,focusing on its processing,chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and product development.Processing methods include stir-frying with bran,stir-frying until cooked,and rinsing with rice-washed water.The chemical composition includes terpenes,alkynes,sugars and their glycosides,organic acids and their esters,coumarins,and other compounds.Its pharmacological effects include the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases,arthritis,liver diseases,lung diseases,cancer,cardiovascular conditions,etc.Finally,product development prospects include decoction-ready products,Chinese patent medicines,health products and daily necessities,epidemic prevention,and veterinary medicine.Notably,this review simultaneously discusses,analyzes,and explores the quality control and industrial development of Rhizoma Atractylodis,offering guidance for advancing related industries,enhancing production quality control,and exploring innovative strategies for the clinical application and development of new Rhizoma Atractylodis-based products.
基金supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of grant AP23489899“Applying Deep Learning and Neuroimaging Methods for Brain Stroke Diagnosis”.
文摘Deep learning now underpins many state-of-the-art systems for biomedical image and signal processing,enabling automated lesion detection,physiological monitoring,and therapy planning with accuracy that rivals expert performance.This survey reviews the principal model families as convolutional,recurrent,generative,reinforcement,autoencoder,and transfer-learning approaches as emphasising how their architectural choices map to tasks such as segmentation,classification,reconstruction,and anomaly detection.A dedicated treatment of multimodal fusion networks shows how imaging features can be integrated with genomic profiles and clinical records to yield more robust,context-aware predictions.To support clinical adoption,we outline post-hoc explainability techniques(Grad-CAM,SHAP,LIME)and describe emerging intrinsically interpretable designs that expose decision logic to end users.Regulatory guidance from the U.S.FDA,the European Medicines Agency,and the EU AI Act is summarised,linking transparency and lifecycle-monitoring requirements to concrete development practices.Remaining challenges as data imbalance,computational cost,privacy constraints,and cross-domain generalization are discussed alongside promising solutions such as federated learning,uncertainty quantification,and lightweight 3-D architectures.The article therefore offers researchers,clinicians,and policymakers a concise,practice-oriented roadmap for deploying trustworthy deep-learning systems in healthcare.
基金This work was supported by the Key Project of the Key R&D Program of the Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province(201603D3112002).
文摘Background:Traditional Chinese medicine requires special processing before it can be effectively used for clinical treatment of diseases.In particular,Tangshen stir-fried with wheat bran smoke has been found to enhance the function of the stomach and spleen.However,there is limited research on the technology and pharmacodynamic effects of Tangshen fried with bran.Therefore,the objective of this article is to optimize the method of stir-frying with bran for Tangshen processing and to compare the anti-fatigue and hypoxia-resistance effects of Tangshen before and after bran-frying.Methods:The response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the frying temperature,frying time,and the bran-to-Tangshen ratio,using lobetyolin as the indicator.The swimming time of mice and the levels of blood urea nitrogen,lactate dehydrogenase,and blood glucose in fatigued mice were compared before and after Tangshen was fried with bran.Additionally,the hypoxic resistance ability of Tangshen before and after bran-frying was determined through normobaric hypoxia test and sodium nitrite poisoning test.Results:The optimal bran-frying conditions for Tangshen processing were determined as:frying temperature of 167°C,frying time of 2.67 min,and the bran-to-Tangshen ratio of 50:100.Pharmacodynamic analysis results indicated that Tangshen significantly increased the GLU content(P<0.01)and significantly reduced the LDH content(P<0.01)both before and after bran-frying.While both traditional and new bran-frying methods significantly increased the content of muscle glycogen(P<0.05),the optimized method in this study also significantly elevated the content of liver glycogen(P<0.05).The traditional method significantly prolonged the survival time of mice from sodium nitrite poisoning(P<0.05).Conclusion:The response surface model proved to be highly effective in optimizing the stir-frying process with bran for Tangshen processing.The results of this study indicate that Tangshen possesses anti-fatigue and hypoxia-resistance effects both before and after bran-frying,with bran-fried Tangshen exhibiting significantly stronger effects.
文摘Objective To study how to improve and perfect the information platform and processing mechanism of drug shortages in China.Methods By searching the relevant policies from official websites of FDA,European Medicines Agency(EMA),Health Canada(HC)and National Health Commission,the good experience of the United States,the European Union and Canada in the construction of information platform and processing mechanism of drug shortages was summarized for reference in China.Results and Conclusion China has initially established the processing mechanism of drug shortages,but the platform construction should be improved,and the information disclosure of drug shortages varies from province to province.We should improve the information platform of drug shortages,strengthen the disclosure and communication of information,enrich the processing tools and measures after the drug shortages occurs,and strengthen the cooperation with relevant associations and other non-governmental departments.
文摘Stir-frying is one of the important methods of processing medicinal materials. When stir-frying medicinal materials, no auxiliary materials are added, and only equipment is used to control the stir-frying temperature. Through stir-frying, expected changes in the appearance, smell and medicinal properties of the medicinal materials are promoted, and the application value of the Chinese medicinal materials is improved. In this paper, the method of stir-frying is briefly described, and the three operation methods of stir-frying yellow, stir-frying coke and stir-frying charcoal are explained. The practical application of stir-frying Chinese medicine processing is also analyzed.
文摘For pharmaceutical enterprises, the emphasis is on strengthening the production level of sterile drugs. The standard requirements for the production of sterile drugs are extremely strict and the standard requirements for sterility are relatively high. However, at present, there are still some non-standard behaviors in the actual production process of aseptic drugs, which need to be solved and improved by strengthening aseptic control. Based on this, this paper studies the aseptic control in the production process of aseptic drugs, first outlines the basic characteristics of aseptic drugs, then analyzes the non-standard behavior in the production process of aseptic drugs, and finally studies the aseptic control strategy.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine processing is a traditional Chinese medicine processing technology with a long history in our country. Through different processing methods, the properties, functions and side effects of traditional Chinese medicine will change. The ultimate purpose of processing Chinese medicine is to reduce the toxicity of Chinese medicine and enhance the drug properties. With the development of science and technology, the processing of traditional Chinese medicine plays an extremely important role in the properties of the medicine. In this paper, the effects of different processing methods on the medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine are explained.
基金supported by The Youth Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204623)Key scientific research projects in universities in Anhui Province(No.2022AH050471)+1 种基金Young Science and Technology Talents Cultivation Program of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2021qnyc04)Scientific Research Team Program of Anhui Colleges and Universities(No.2022AH010036).
文摘The theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”was firstly put forward by Chen Jiamu,a medical doctor of Xin’an,in“Enlightening Primer of Materia Medica”.This theory integrates the theory of the five elements of Chinese medicine that the five flavors enter into the five viscera,and forms the theory of the role of the auxiliary materials of Chinese medicine concoctions.This theory is an important guiding significance for the clinical use of raw and cooked Chinese medicine tablets.At present,there are more studies on the theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”in the literature,mainly focusing on the chemical composition,efficacy changes and the concoction mechanism of salt products of traditional Chinese medicines before and after salt preparation.There are relatively few review papers on the theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”from the perspectives of auxiliary salt and attribution of meridians.In this paper,through reviewing relevant ancient books and literature,and on the basis of the previous review articles,this paper centers on the auxiliary salt,and conducts in-depth excavation and elaboration in terms of its sources,types,and the historical evolution of the salt production method.From the perspective of categorization,focusing on the core theory of“Kidney stores essence,governing reproduction,bone and generating marrow,water and brain”,we summarize the changes in efficacy before and after the salt preparation of kidney tonic traditional Chinese medicines,the changes in external and internal constituents as well as the scientific connotation of the concocting mechanism behind the effect-constituent changes.The scientific connotation of the concoction theory of“Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian”was initially elucidated,providing a new reference model for the study of the theory of Chinese medicine concoction attribution.
基金Supported by the Funds from Central Government for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(ZY20230102)Planning Project of Scientific Research and Technology Development in Guilin(20220104-4,20210202-1)Science and Technology Planing Project of Guangxi(Guike AB24010263).
文摘The latest progress in the process optimization and stability improvement of third-generation cephalosporins in recent years was reviewed.The introduction of green chemistry,enzyme catalysis,nanotechnology,lyophilization,and nitrogen-filled packaging technologies can only improve production efficiency and reduce the generation of by-products,but also significantly extend the shelf life of drugs.In the future,process automation and intelligent technology will further optimize the large-scale production process,and the combination of nanotechnology and precision drug delivery will promote the improvement of effect in clinical applications.
文摘目的基于AHP-TOPSIS法建立达格列净药物利用评价(Drug utilization evaluation,DUE)标准,为指导临床用药提供参考。方法以达格列净药品说明书为基础,以相关指南、专家共识等资料为依据,建立达格列净的DUE标准,并利用层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)联合逼近理想解排序法(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)对2024年1至12月南京中医药大学常熟附属医院应用达格列净患者的住院病历进行用药情况分析,评价其用药合理性。结果在1425份病历中,683例(47.93%)用药合理[0.8≤最优方案之间的接近程度(Closeness to ideal solution,C_(i))≤1.0],665例(46.67%)用药基本合理(0.6≤C_(i)<0.8),77例(5.40%)用药不合理(C_(i)<0.6)。77份病历用药不合理主要体现在用药风险评估、适应证、禁忌证、特殊人群使用和不良反应等方面。结论基于AHP-TOPSIS法建立的达格列净合理用药评价体系,其评价结果能以可量化数据的形式应用于药物合理性评价。我院达格列净的使用总体较合理,但仍存在超适应证用药、用药风险评估不足和出现不良反应等问题,临床用药需要进一步优化。
