[Objective] This study was conducted to provide scientific basis for fertilization of ginger with high quality and high yield. [Method] The soil nutrient contents and plant nutrient characteristics of Zhugen ginger（Z...[Objective] This study was conducted to provide scientific basis for fertilization of ginger with high quality and high yield. [Method] The soil nutrient contents and plant nutrient characteristics of Zhugen ginger（Zingiber officinale Rosc.） were studied. [Result] The results showed that： the soil of ginger planting area in Chongqing（Yongchuan） Seedlings of science and technology city was acidic overall,the soil organic matter content was low and alkali-hydrolyzable N was at moderate level; and the contents of available P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were extremely rich, while the available S was in lack. The contents of N and K were abundant and P was little in ginger plants, the content of K was more than N in ginger roots and stems, while the content of N was more than K in ginger leaves. [Conclusion]In practical production, it was necessary to fertilize rationally and control the ratio of N fertilizer to K fertilizer according to local conditions, thereby promoting ginger growth and realize high-yield ginger production.展开更多
Ginger yields in the NorthEastern region of India are low because the extremely poor farmers of the region can not afford to apply any chemical fertilizers and hence apply only the locally-available farmyard manures t...Ginger yields in the NorthEastern region of India are low because the extremely poor farmers of the region can not afford to apply any chemical fertilizers and hence apply only the locally-available farmyard manures to ginger fields. Biofertilizers may be a cheap source of fertilizers for ginger cultivation as they can increase nutrient availability and improve rhizome quality and are required in small quantity. An investigation was thus undertaken to study the effect of different biofenilizers on growth, productivity, quality and economics of organic ginger grown under rainfed condition in NorthEastern region of India. Seed treatment with biofertilizers enhanced growth, increased rhizome yield by 19.0% and resulted in 32.4% higher net profit over control. Among the seed treatments, Azotobacter 5.0 kg ha＂l, Azospirillum 3.75 kg hal and Phosphotica 3.75 kg ha-1 were found optimum in improving most of the growth attributes, increasing yield components and yield of rhizome by 5.6%-13.5%. They also improved rhizome quality by increasing specific gravity, oleoresin and dry matter content and by decreasing crude fibre in rhizome. They resulted in higher net return by 4.0%-12.0% as compared to their other levels. Combined use of Azotobacter 5.0 kg hal along with Phosphotica 3.75 kg ha＂l was found to be the best treatment combination which greatly improved growth and yield attributes of ginger and ultimately recorded markedly higher productivity （2.0%-23.5%） over other combinations. This treatment combination improved the quality of the produce and resulted in the highest gross return （$4,905 hal）, net return （$3,525 hal） and return per dollar （3.55） invested in ginger cultivation. It appears that growing organic ginger by treating the seed rhizome with Azotobacter 5.0 kg ha-~ along with Phosphotica 3.75 kg ha-1 can result in good growth and high productivity of improved quality rhizome and ultimately result in maximum net profit and thus can be recommended for the NorthEastern region of India.展开更多
A new method, non-polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （NPSMAE）, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale Rosc. in closed-vessel system. By adding microwave absorption mediumcar...A new method, non-polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （NPSMAE）, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale Rosc. in closed-vessel system. By adding microwave absorption mediumcarbonyl iron powders （CIP） into extraction system, the essential oil was extracted by the non-polar solvent （ether） which can be heated by CIP. The constituents of essential oil obtained by NPSMAE were comparable with those obtained by hydrodistillation （HD） by GC-MS analysis, which indicates that NPSMAE is a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried plant materials. The NPSMAE took much less extraction time （5 min） than HD （180 min）, and its extraction efficiency was much higher than that of conventional polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （PSMAE） and mixed solvent microwave-assisted extraction （MSMAE）. It can be a good alternative for the extraction of volatile constituents from dried plant samples.展开更多
目的基于情景的高仿真模拟方法(下面统称情景模拟)指挥团队进行心肺复苏(CPR)在急诊住院医师规范化培训二阶段考核中的应用效果评价。方法选择参加2019、2020年北京市急诊住院医师规范化培训二阶段考核(急诊住院医师培训满5年)的191名...目的基于情景的高仿真模拟方法(下面统称情景模拟)指挥团队进行心肺复苏(CPR)在急诊住院医师规范化培训二阶段考核中的应用效果评价。方法选择参加2019、2020年北京市急诊住院医师规范化培训二阶段考核(急诊住院医师培训满5年)的191名急诊科住院医师为研究对象,二阶段考核内容其中一项为情景模拟下考生指挥团队进行CPR。根据研究对象的调查问卷,将其分为临床工作中未曾独立组织CPR抢救组(n=63)和曾经独立组织CPR抢救组(n=128);同时还分为既往未曾接受过情景模拟培训组(n=57)和曾经接受过情景模拟培训组(n=134)。分别比较两组心脏骤停(cardiac arrest,CA)之前的病情判断、CA的抢救措施、气道管理、胸外按压(按压深度、按压是否回弹、按压频率)、不间断按压、电除颤(能量选择、除颤位置、除颤时机)、自主呼吸循环恢复(return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC)后的处理、人文关怀、团队合作(领导力)和此项考核的总成绩。结果未曾独立组织CPR抢救组CA之前的病情判断、CA的抢救措施、间断按压、除颤时机、ROSC后的处理、人文关怀、团队合作(领导力)及考核总成绩均显著低于曾经独立CPR抢救组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组气道管理、胸外按压(深度、频率、回弹)、电除颤(能量选择、除颤位置)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未曾接受培训组CA之前的病情判断、CA的抢救措施、不间断按压、除颤时机、ROSC后的处理、人文关怀、团队合作(领导力)及总成绩均显著低于曾经接受培训组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组在气道管理、胸外按压(深度、频率、回弹)、电除颤(能量选择、除颤位置)上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用情景模拟方法作为急诊住院医师规范化培训二阶段考核方式,可真实地反映出急诊高年资住院医师的临床急救能力与核心能力。开展基于情景的高仿真模拟培训,有利于提升规培医师抢救时的综合能力。展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJ121216)Achievement Transformation Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZH14216)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to provide scientific basis for fertilization of ginger with high quality and high yield. [Method] The soil nutrient contents and plant nutrient characteristics of Zhugen ginger（Zingiber officinale Rosc.） were studied. [Result] The results showed that： the soil of ginger planting area in Chongqing（Yongchuan） Seedlings of science and technology city was acidic overall,the soil organic matter content was low and alkali-hydrolyzable N was at moderate level; and the contents of available P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were extremely rich, while the available S was in lack. The contents of N and K were abundant and P was little in ginger plants, the content of K was more than N in ginger roots and stems, while the content of N was more than K in ginger leaves. [Conclusion]In practical production, it was necessary to fertilize rationally and control the ratio of N fertilizer to K fertilizer according to local conditions, thereby promoting ginger growth and realize high-yield ginger production.
文摘Ginger yields in the NorthEastern region of India are low because the extremely poor farmers of the region can not afford to apply any chemical fertilizers and hence apply only the locally-available farmyard manures to ginger fields. Biofertilizers may be a cheap source of fertilizers for ginger cultivation as they can increase nutrient availability and improve rhizome quality and are required in small quantity. An investigation was thus undertaken to study the effect of different biofenilizers on growth, productivity, quality and economics of organic ginger grown under rainfed condition in NorthEastern region of India. Seed treatment with biofertilizers enhanced growth, increased rhizome yield by 19.0% and resulted in 32.4% higher net profit over control. Among the seed treatments, Azotobacter 5.0 kg ha＂l, Azospirillum 3.75 kg hal and Phosphotica 3.75 kg ha-1 were found optimum in improving most of the growth attributes, increasing yield components and yield of rhizome by 5.6%-13.5%. They also improved rhizome quality by increasing specific gravity, oleoresin and dry matter content and by decreasing crude fibre in rhizome. They resulted in higher net return by 4.0%-12.0% as compared to their other levels. Combined use of Azotobacter 5.0 kg hal along with Phosphotica 3.75 kg ha＂l was found to be the best treatment combination which greatly improved growth and yield attributes of ginger and ultimately recorded markedly higher productivity （2.0%-23.5%） over other combinations. This treatment combination improved the quality of the produce and resulted in the highest gross return （$4,905 hal）, net return （$3,525 hal） and return per dollar （3.55） invested in ginger cultivation. It appears that growing organic ginger by treating the seed rhizome with Azotobacter 5.0 kg ha-~ along with Phosphotica 3.75 kg ha-1 can result in good growth and high productivity of improved quality rhizome and ultimately result in maximum net profit and thus can be recommended for the NorthEastern region of India.
文摘A new method, non-polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （NPSMAE）, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale Rosc. in closed-vessel system. By adding microwave absorption mediumcarbonyl iron powders （CIP） into extraction system, the essential oil was extracted by the non-polar solvent （ether） which can be heated by CIP. The constituents of essential oil obtained by NPSMAE were comparable with those obtained by hydrodistillation （HD） by GC-MS analysis, which indicates that NPSMAE is a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried plant materials. The NPSMAE took much less extraction time （5 min） than HD （180 min）, and its extraction efficiency was much higher than that of conventional polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （PSMAE） and mixed solvent microwave-assisted extraction （MSMAE）. It can be a good alternative for the extraction of volatile constituents from dried plant samples.
文摘目的基于情景的高仿真模拟方法(下面统称情景模拟)指挥团队进行心肺复苏(CPR)在急诊住院医师规范化培训二阶段考核中的应用效果评价。方法选择参加2019、2020年北京市急诊住院医师规范化培训二阶段考核(急诊住院医师培训满5年)的191名急诊科住院医师为研究对象,二阶段考核内容其中一项为情景模拟下考生指挥团队进行CPR。根据研究对象的调查问卷,将其分为临床工作中未曾独立组织CPR抢救组(n=63)和曾经独立组织CPR抢救组(n=128);同时还分为既往未曾接受过情景模拟培训组(n=57)和曾经接受过情景模拟培训组(n=134)。分别比较两组心脏骤停(cardiac arrest,CA)之前的病情判断、CA的抢救措施、气道管理、胸外按压(按压深度、按压是否回弹、按压频率)、不间断按压、电除颤(能量选择、除颤位置、除颤时机)、自主呼吸循环恢复(return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC)后的处理、人文关怀、团队合作(领导力)和此项考核的总成绩。结果未曾独立组织CPR抢救组CA之前的病情判断、CA的抢救措施、间断按压、除颤时机、ROSC后的处理、人文关怀、团队合作(领导力)及考核总成绩均显著低于曾经独立CPR抢救组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组气道管理、胸外按压(深度、频率、回弹)、电除颤(能量选择、除颤位置)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未曾接受培训组CA之前的病情判断、CA的抢救措施、不间断按压、除颤时机、ROSC后的处理、人文关怀、团队合作(领导力)及总成绩均显著低于曾经接受培训组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组在气道管理、胸外按压(深度、频率、回弹)、电除颤(能量选择、除颤位置)上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用情景模拟方法作为急诊住院医师规范化培训二阶段考核方式,可真实地反映出急诊高年资住院医师的临床急救能力与核心能力。开展基于情景的高仿真模拟培训,有利于提升规培医师抢救时的综合能力。
