Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants h...Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar traits.In addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal roses.Therefore,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints.Then,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large differences.Differential compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and Meigui.Results:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the samples.Through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four groups.Partial least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,as well as phenolic acids.Eight differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot analysis.Quantitative analyses of the eight compounds,including gallic acid,ellagic acid,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,etc.,showed that Yueji was generally richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than Meigui,and the quality of Yueji from Shandong and Hebei was better.It is worth noting that Xinjiang rose is rich in various components,which is worth focusing on more in-depth research.Conclusion:In this study,the fingerprints of Meigui and Yueji were established.The chemical components information of roses was further improved based on non-targeted metabolomics and mass spectrometry technology.At the same time,eight differential components of Meigui and Yueji were screened out and quantitatively analyzed.The research results provided a scientific basis for the quality control and rational development and utilization of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos,and also laid a foundation for the study of their pharmacodynamic material basis.展开更多
Rosa banksiae,known as Lady Banks'rose,is a perennial ornamental crop and a versatile herb in traditional Chinese medicine.Given the lack of genomic resources,we assembled a Hi Fi and Nanopore sequencing-derived 4...Rosa banksiae,known as Lady Banks'rose,is a perennial ornamental crop and a versatile herb in traditional Chinese medicine.Given the lack of genomic resources,we assembled a Hi Fi and Nanopore sequencing-derived 458.58 Mb gap-free telomere-to-telomere high-quality R.banksiae genome with a scaffold N50=63.90 Mb.The genome of R.banksiae exhibited no lineage-specific whole-genome duplication compared with other Rosaceae.The phylogenomic analysis of 13 Rosaceae and Arabidopsis through a comparative genomics study showed that numerous gene families were lineage-specific both before and after the diversification of Rosaceae.Some of these genes are candidates for new genes that have evolved from parental genes through fusion events.Fusion genes are divided into three types:Type-I and Type-II genes contain two parental genes that are generated by duplication,distributed in the same and different regions of the genome,respectively;and Type-III can only be detected in one parental gene.Here,Type-I genes are found to have more relaxed selection pressure and lower Ks values than Type-II,indicating that these newly evolved Type-I genes may play important roles in driving phenotypic evolution.Functional analysis exhibited that newly formed fusion genes can regulate the phenotype traits of plant growth and development,suggesting the functional significance of these genes.This study identifies new fusion genes that could be responsible for phenotype evolution and provides information on the evolutionary history of recently diverged species in the Rosa genus.Our data represents the major progress in understanding the new fusion genes evolution pattern of Rosaceae and provides an invaluable resource for phylogenomic studies in plants.展开更多
Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains...Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains very high levels of Vc. However, the Vc content of R. roxburghii varies considerably during plant development and ripening. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie fluctuations in Vc content of R. roxburghii fruit at different developmental stages, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified two significant gene networks/modules and 168 transcription factors directly involved in Vc synthesis. Promoter analysis of two core genes involved in Vc synthesis, RrGGP and RrGalUR, revealed the presence of a retroviral long terminal repeat(LTR) insert in the RrGalUR promoter. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we demonstrated that the transcription factors RrHY5H and RrZIP9 bind to the promoter of RrGGP to promote its expression. RrZIP6 and RrWRKY4 bind to the LTR in the RrGalUR promoter to promote its expression. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism that controls Vc synthesis and accumulation in R. roxburghii fruit.展开更多
The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA P...The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.展开更多
Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida) petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles, and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment. Nevertheless, t...Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida) petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles, and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment. Nevertheless, the regulatory interplay between anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification processes remains somewhat unclear. The present study characterized an activator Rh MYB114 and a repressor Rh MYB16,which functioned synergistically in anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in rose. Transforming tobacco and roses by overexpression, the introduction of Rh MYB114 resulted in an increase in anthocyanin levels and a noticeable decrease in p H in the petal cells of both rose and tobacco, whereas Rh MYB16 introduction led to inverse effects. To further clarify the underlying the regulatory mechanisms, the yeast two-hybrid(Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation(Bi FC) and dual-luciferase(LUC) were employed. The results showed that Rh MYB16 competed with Rh MYB114, bound to Rhb HLH3 or Rhb HLH33, and inhibited its ability to induce the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and acidification. Our findings revealed a feedback mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification involving Rh MYB114, which stimulated the transcriptional expression of Rh MYB16, whose encoded protein Rh MYB16, in turn, negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of Rh MYB114. Therefore, this study underscores the pivotal roles of the Rh MYB114-Rh MYB16 loop in regulating anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification, offering insights into metabolic manipulation to enhance the aesthetic appeal of roses.展开更多
In the context of a surging demand for functional foods,this study utilized Sophora japonica L.(SL)and Rosa rugosa Thunb.(RT),which are rich in polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core subclass).High-purity extracts(SL...In the context of a surging demand for functional foods,this study utilized Sophora japonica L.(SL)and Rosa rugosa Thunb.(RT),which are rich in polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core subclass).High-purity extracts(SLE and RTE)were obtained through ethanol reflux extraction and macroporous resin purification,and then formulated with maltodextrin and erythritol to prepare a composite solid beverage.This beverage exhibited excellent antioxidant capabilities.At a concentration of 1 mg/mL,the scavenging rates of DPPH,ABTS,and hydroxyl radicals reached 82.4%,94.6%,and 49.2%,respectively.Network pharmacology indicated that quercetin andβ-sitosterol could modulate lipid metabolism pathways.Moreover,the beverage showed potential for lipid-lowering.Its cholate adsorption capacity was 589.4±2.9 mg/g at pH 7.0,and the IC50 value for pancreatic lipase inhibition was 32.55 mg/mL.However,a 60-day storage stability test revealed that the moisture content approached 5%,likely due to polyphenol-flavonoid reactivity,extending dissolution time to 30.88 s.These changes were attributed to polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core active subclass,and non-flavonoids such as phenolic acids as auxiliary),resulting in color alterations and reduced solubility.This study confirmed the dual functions of the SL-RT beverage in antioxidant and lipid-lowering aspects.Nevertheless,it also pointed out the need to optimize the formula and process to enhance stability,providing an important basis for the development of stable functional beverages.展开更多
To identify the pathogen responsible for fruit rot disease in Rosa roxburghii Tratt.from Guiding County,Guizhou Province,China,diseased fruit samples were collected.The pathogen was isolated,purified,and identified th...To identify the pathogen responsible for fruit rot disease in Rosa roxburghii Tratt.from Guiding County,Guizhou Province,China,diseased fruit samples were collected.The pathogen was isolated,purified,and identified through morphological,molecular,and pathogenic analyses.Subsequently,its biological characteristicswere evaluated.Furthermore,to determine the agent with the strongest toxicity against the identified pathogen,the antifungal activity of six chemical and biological agents was evaluated through indoor toxicity assays.Finally,Neopestalotiopsis clavispora was identified as the pathogen responsible for fruit rot disease in R.roxburghii Tratt.The diameter of the pathogen grown under different carbon and nitrogen sources,temperatures,and pH values was measured using the crossintersection method.The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were soluble starch and peptone,respectively.The optimal growth temperature ranged from 25℃ to 30℃,and the optimal growth pH ranged from 4 to 8.The antifungal effects of six agents,including carvacrol 5%aqueous solution and trifloxystrobin–tebuconazole 75%water-dispersible granules,on the mycelial growth rate of N.clavispora were evaluated.All six agents inhibited N.clavispora,with thiophanate–methyl 70%wettable powder showing the strongest antifungal effect and effectively inhibiting mycelial growth even at the lowest concentration.This was followed by difenoconazole–azoxystrobin 48%suspension concentrate,ethylicin 80%emulsifiable concentrate,and trifloxystrobin–tebuconazole 75%WG,with half-maximal effective concentrations of 0.0105,0.0272,and 0.0368 mg/L,respectively.These findings provide a scientific basis for the application of pesticides in the field-based,environmentally friendly control of fruit rot disease in R.roxburghii Tratt.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction ...Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction of PD.R.moschata extract(150,300 and 600 mg/kg)was administered orally for 21 days.The neuroprotective role of R.moschata leaf extract in PD was explored by performing neurobehavioral tests and RT-PCR analysis and measuring neurotransmitters and oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:An improvement in motor functions and muscle strength was observed in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.The levels of dopamine,serotonin,noradrenaline,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased(P<0.001),whereas acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels were markedly decreased by treatment with R.moschata extract(P<0.001).The extract also markedly downregulated the mRNA expressions of IL-1β,α-synuclein,IL-1α,and TNF-αin brain tissue.Moreover,histopathological analysis indicated that neurofibrillary tangles and plaques were noticeably decreased in a dose-dependent manner in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.Conclusions:R.moschata extract alleviates haloperidol-induced PD in rats by reducing oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.It may be used for management and treatment of PD.However additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy and molecular mechanisms.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and screen black-spot-resistant en- dophytic fungi strains. [Method] Various species of healthy Rosa chinensis were col- lected from Xi＇an, Xianyang, Baoji and Weinan City in S...[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and screen black-spot-resistant en- dophytic fungi strains. [Method] Various species of healthy Rosa chinensis were col- lected from Xi＇an, Xianyang, Baoji and Weinan City in Shaanxi Province. Endophytic fungi was isolated from stems and leaves, and purified by 2-3 times of inoculation to screen endophytic fungi antagonistic to Marssonina rosae with modified punching method. [Result] Samples collected from Xianyang exhibited the highest colonization rate and isolation rate; endophytic fungi strains isolated from stems presented the highest colonization rate and isolation rate compared with leaves. A total of 67 en- dophytic fungi strains were isolated from Rosa chinensis, including 3 black spot-re- sistant strains which were all derived from Baoji. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further screening candidate strains of biocontrol fungi and environ- ment-friendly fungal biological control.展开更多
From the fruit of Rosa davidii Crep., eleven compounds were isolated and identified by spectral evidence, viz. 2 alpha, 3 beta, 19 beta -trihydroxyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 2 alpha, 3 beta -dihydroxyl-urs-28 (13)...From the fruit of Rosa davidii Crep., eleven compounds were isolated and identified by spectral evidence, viz. 2 alpha, 3 beta, 19 beta -trihydroxyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 2 alpha, 3 beta -dihydroxyl-urs-28 (13)-lactone (2), arjunic acid (3), euscaphic acid (4), 2 alpha, 3 beta -dihydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), oleanolic acid (6), kaempferol (7), tiliroside (8), quercetin (9), daucosterol (10) and beta -sitosterol (11). Among them, 1 and 2 were new compounds.展开更多
An efficient genetic transformation system is a preparation for Rosa multi-flora Thunb. var. cathayensis Rehd. et Wils to diversify its flower color through ge-netic engineering. We firstly optimized the explants and ...An efficient genetic transformation system is a preparation for Rosa multi-flora Thunb. var. cathayensis Rehd. et Wils to diversify its flower color through ge-netic engineering. We firstly optimized the explants and culture conditions on callus induction, hormone concentrations and dark period of culture time on bud differentia-tions in particular, with sterilized seedlings to establish the regeneration system of R. multiflora. It showed that callus induction frequency reached 100% after the ex-plants being cultured in dark for 21 d when MS was chosen to be the initial culture medium. The bud differentiation rate was 48% after cal i being cultured under dark for 8 d on MS medium supplemented with TDZ （1.5 mg/L） and NAA （0.05 mg/L）. The cal i was used as the explants that were infected with Agrobacterium tumefa-ciens harboring a DFR-RNAi construct. The transformation rate reached as high as 50%. The establishment of a highly efficient rose gene transformation system out-lined in this report is prerequisite for genetic improvement in rose flower colors.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to develop an in vitro tissue culture system of Rosa spp.[Method] Using ten species of Rosa spp.plants as experimental materials,different combinations of hormones were designed to establish...[Objective] This study was to develop an in vitro tissue culture system of Rosa spp.[Method] Using ten species of Rosa spp.plants as experimental materials,different combinations of hormones were designed to establish their in vitro tissue culture system with the stem segments as explants.[Result] All ten tested varieties germinated when the nodal segment explants were cultured on the sprouting medium MS＋ 0.5 mg/L BA ＋0.01 mg/L NAA and grew vigorous shoots,and the sprouting rate was up to 70%.Of the ten tested rose varieties,each has a respective optimal proliferation medium,and the multiplication rates for all the varieties reached 3.0%.The axillary buds were vigorous and normal in leaf color.The optimal medium for rooting and acclimation was 1/2MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L or 0.2 mg/L NAA,in which the rooting frequency reached 90%-100% and the root system was developed.After acclimation and transplant,the survival rate was as high as 95%.[Conclusion] An in vitro tissue culture system of Rosa spp.has been established in this study,which lays foundation for the molecular breeding of Rosa spp.展开更多
基金supported by the key project at the central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(Grant number 2060302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 82373982,82173929).
文摘Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar traits.In addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal roses.Therefore,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints.Then,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large differences.Differential compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and Meigui.Results:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the samples.Through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four groups.Partial least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,as well as phenolic acids.Eight differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot analysis.Quantitative analyses of the eight compounds,including gallic acid,ellagic acid,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,etc.,showed that Yueji was generally richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than Meigui,and the quality of Yueji from Shandong and Hebei was better.It is worth noting that Xinjiang rose is rich in various components,which is worth focusing on more in-depth research.Conclusion:In this study,the fingerprints of Meigui and Yueji were established.The chemical components information of roses was further improved based on non-targeted metabolomics and mass spectrometry technology.At the same time,eight differential components of Meigui and Yueji were screened out and quantitatively analyzed.The research results provided a scientific basis for the quality control and rational development and utilization of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos,and also laid a foundation for the study of their pharmacodynamic material basis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201602,82304680)the Natural Science Fund of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023AFB1036)+5 种基金the Program for Excellent Sci-tech Innovation Teams of Universities in Anhui Province(Grant No.2022AH010074)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2308085QH295)Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(Grant No.2023AH040259)the Talent Scientific Research Startup Foundation,Wannan Medical College(Grant No.YR20230110)the Anhui Provincial Department of Education Young Backbone Teachers Overseas Visiting and Training Funding Program(Grant No.JWFX2023033)Beijing Life Science Academy Project(Grant No.2023200CC0270)。
文摘Rosa banksiae,known as Lady Banks'rose,is a perennial ornamental crop and a versatile herb in traditional Chinese medicine.Given the lack of genomic resources,we assembled a Hi Fi and Nanopore sequencing-derived 458.58 Mb gap-free telomere-to-telomere high-quality R.banksiae genome with a scaffold N50=63.90 Mb.The genome of R.banksiae exhibited no lineage-specific whole-genome duplication compared with other Rosaceae.The phylogenomic analysis of 13 Rosaceae and Arabidopsis through a comparative genomics study showed that numerous gene families were lineage-specific both before and after the diversification of Rosaceae.Some of these genes are candidates for new genes that have evolved from parental genes through fusion events.Fusion genes are divided into three types:Type-I and Type-II genes contain two parental genes that are generated by duplication,distributed in the same and different regions of the genome,respectively;and Type-III can only be detected in one parental gene.Here,Type-I genes are found to have more relaxed selection pressure and lower Ks values than Type-II,indicating that these newly evolved Type-I genes may play important roles in driving phenotypic evolution.Functional analysis exhibited that newly formed fusion genes can regulate the phenotype traits of plant growth and development,suggesting the functional significance of these genes.This study identifies new fusion genes that could be responsible for phenotype evolution and provides information on the evolutionary history of recently diverged species in the Rosa genus.Our data represents the major progress in understanding the new fusion genes evolution pattern of Rosaceae and provides an invaluable resource for phylogenomic studies in plants.
基金supported in part by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (Grant No. ZW201813)supported by the high-performance computing platform at the Bioinformatics Center of Nanjing Agricultural University。
文摘Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains very high levels of Vc. However, the Vc content of R. roxburghii varies considerably during plant development and ripening. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie fluctuations in Vc content of R. roxburghii fruit at different developmental stages, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified two significant gene networks/modules and 168 transcription factors directly involved in Vc synthesis. Promoter analysis of two core genes involved in Vc synthesis, RrGGP and RrGalUR, revealed the presence of a retroviral long terminal repeat(LTR) insert in the RrGalUR promoter. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we demonstrated that the transcription factors RrHY5H and RrZIP9 bind to the promoter of RrGGP to promote its expression. RrZIP6 and RrWRKY4 bind to the LTR in the RrGalUR promoter to promote its expression. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism that controls Vc synthesis and accumulation in R. roxburghii fruit.
基金supported by Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Project(Grant No.202401BD070001-016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202530)+3 种基金Talent Introduction and Training Project of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024RCYP-09)Fundamental Research Project(Grant No.202401CF070046)Xingdian Talent support program(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0457)Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Flower Technique.
文摘The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171851)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(Grant No.LZ23C160003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang A&F University(Grant No.2016FR033)。
文摘Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida) petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles, and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment. Nevertheless, the regulatory interplay between anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification processes remains somewhat unclear. The present study characterized an activator Rh MYB114 and a repressor Rh MYB16,which functioned synergistically in anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in rose. Transforming tobacco and roses by overexpression, the introduction of Rh MYB114 resulted in an increase in anthocyanin levels and a noticeable decrease in p H in the petal cells of both rose and tobacco, whereas Rh MYB16 introduction led to inverse effects. To further clarify the underlying the regulatory mechanisms, the yeast two-hybrid(Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation(Bi FC) and dual-luciferase(LUC) were employed. The results showed that Rh MYB16 competed with Rh MYB114, bound to Rhb HLH3 or Rhb HLH33, and inhibited its ability to induce the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and acidification. Our findings revealed a feedback mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification involving Rh MYB114, which stimulated the transcriptional expression of Rh MYB16, whose encoded protein Rh MYB16, in turn, negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of Rh MYB114. Therefore, this study underscores the pivotal roles of the Rh MYB114-Rh MYB16 loop in regulating anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification, offering insights into metabolic manipulation to enhance the aesthetic appeal of roses.
文摘In the context of a surging demand for functional foods,this study utilized Sophora japonica L.(SL)and Rosa rugosa Thunb.(RT),which are rich in polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core subclass).High-purity extracts(SLE and RTE)were obtained through ethanol reflux extraction and macroporous resin purification,and then formulated with maltodextrin and erythritol to prepare a composite solid beverage.This beverage exhibited excellent antioxidant capabilities.At a concentration of 1 mg/mL,the scavenging rates of DPPH,ABTS,and hydroxyl radicals reached 82.4%,94.6%,and 49.2%,respectively.Network pharmacology indicated that quercetin andβ-sitosterol could modulate lipid metabolism pathways.Moreover,the beverage showed potential for lipid-lowering.Its cholate adsorption capacity was 589.4±2.9 mg/g at pH 7.0,and the IC50 value for pancreatic lipase inhibition was 32.55 mg/mL.However,a 60-day storage stability test revealed that the moisture content approached 5%,likely due to polyphenol-flavonoid reactivity,extending dissolution time to 30.88 s.These changes were attributed to polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core active subclass,and non-flavonoids such as phenolic acids as auxiliary),resulting in color alterations and reduced solubility.This study confirmed the dual functions of the SL-RT beverage in antioxidant and lipid-lowering aspects.Nevertheless,it also pointed out the need to optimize the formula and process to enhance stability,providing an important basis for the development of stable functional beverages.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Support Plan of Guizhou Province(Guizhou Family Combination Support 2022,No.116).
文摘To identify the pathogen responsible for fruit rot disease in Rosa roxburghii Tratt.from Guiding County,Guizhou Province,China,diseased fruit samples were collected.The pathogen was isolated,purified,and identified through morphological,molecular,and pathogenic analyses.Subsequently,its biological characteristicswere evaluated.Furthermore,to determine the agent with the strongest toxicity against the identified pathogen,the antifungal activity of six chemical and biological agents was evaluated through indoor toxicity assays.Finally,Neopestalotiopsis clavispora was identified as the pathogen responsible for fruit rot disease in R.roxburghii Tratt.The diameter of the pathogen grown under different carbon and nitrogen sources,temperatures,and pH values was measured using the crossintersection method.The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were soluble starch and peptone,respectively.The optimal growth temperature ranged from 25℃ to 30℃,and the optimal growth pH ranged from 4 to 8.The antifungal effects of six agents,including carvacrol 5%aqueous solution and trifloxystrobin–tebuconazole 75%water-dispersible granules,on the mycelial growth rate of N.clavispora were evaluated.All six agents inhibited N.clavispora,with thiophanate–methyl 70%wettable powder showing the strongest antifungal effect and effectively inhibiting mycelial growth even at the lowest concentration.This was followed by difenoconazole–azoxystrobin 48%suspension concentrate,ethylicin 80%emulsifiable concentrate,and trifloxystrobin–tebuconazole 75%WG,with half-maximal effective concentrations of 0.0105,0.0272,and 0.0368 mg/L,respectively.These findings provide a scientific basis for the application of pesticides in the field-based,environmentally friendly control of fruit rot disease in R.roxburghii Tratt.
基金This work was supported by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R73)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,and researchers supporting project number(RSPD2025R885)at King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction of PD.R.moschata extract(150,300 and 600 mg/kg)was administered orally for 21 days.The neuroprotective role of R.moschata leaf extract in PD was explored by performing neurobehavioral tests and RT-PCR analysis and measuring neurotransmitters and oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:An improvement in motor functions and muscle strength was observed in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.The levels of dopamine,serotonin,noradrenaline,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased(P<0.001),whereas acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels were markedly decreased by treatment with R.moschata extract(P<0.001).The extract also markedly downregulated the mRNA expressions of IL-1β,α-synuclein,IL-1α,and TNF-αin brain tissue.Moreover,histopathological analysis indicated that neurofibrillary tangles and plaques were noticeably decreased in a dose-dependent manner in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.Conclusions:R.moschata extract alleviates haloperidol-induced PD in rats by reducing oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.It may be used for management and treatment of PD.However additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy and molecular mechanisms.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31000144)Project of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2012JQ3017)+1 种基金Project of Xi'an Science and Technology Bureau[NC1206(3)]Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(No.12JK1106)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and screen black-spot-resistant en- dophytic fungi strains. [Method] Various species of healthy Rosa chinensis were col- lected from Xi＇an, Xianyang, Baoji and Weinan City in Shaanxi Province. Endophytic fungi was isolated from stems and leaves, and purified by 2-3 times of inoculation to screen endophytic fungi antagonistic to Marssonina rosae with modified punching method. [Result] Samples collected from Xianyang exhibited the highest colonization rate and isolation rate; endophytic fungi strains isolated from stems presented the highest colonization rate and isolation rate compared with leaves. A total of 67 en- dophytic fungi strains were isolated from Rosa chinensis, including 3 black spot-re- sistant strains which were all derived from Baoji. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further screening candidate strains of biocontrol fungi and environ- ment-friendly fungal biological control.
基金Supported by the State Bureau of Forestry 948 Project(P2009-4-25)~~
文摘An efficient genetic transformation system is a preparation for Rosa multi-flora Thunb. var. cathayensis Rehd. et Wils to diversify its flower color through ge-netic engineering. We firstly optimized the explants and culture conditions on callus induction, hormone concentrations and dark period of culture time on bud differentia-tions in particular, with sterilized seedlings to establish the regeneration system of R. multiflora. It showed that callus induction frequency reached 100% after the ex-plants being cultured in dark for 21 d when MS was chosen to be the initial culture medium. The bud differentiation rate was 48% after cal i being cultured under dark for 8 d on MS medium supplemented with TDZ （1.5 mg/L） and NAA （0.05 mg/L）. The cal i was used as the explants that were infected with Agrobacterium tumefa-ciens harboring a DFR-RNAi construct. The transformation rate reached as high as 50%. The establishment of a highly efficient rose gene transformation system out-lined in this report is prerequisite for genetic improvement in rose flower colors.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30871733)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to develop an in vitro tissue culture system of Rosa spp.[Method] Using ten species of Rosa spp.plants as experimental materials,different combinations of hormones were designed to establish their in vitro tissue culture system with the stem segments as explants.[Result] All ten tested varieties germinated when the nodal segment explants were cultured on the sprouting medium MS＋ 0.5 mg/L BA ＋0.01 mg/L NAA and grew vigorous shoots,and the sprouting rate was up to 70%.Of the ten tested rose varieties,each has a respective optimal proliferation medium,and the multiplication rates for all the varieties reached 3.0%.The axillary buds were vigorous and normal in leaf color.The optimal medium for rooting and acclimation was 1/2MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L or 0.2 mg/L NAA,in which the rooting frequency reached 90%-100% and the root system was developed.After acclimation and transplant,the survival rate was as high as 95%.[Conclusion] An in vitro tissue culture system of Rosa spp.has been established in this study,which lays foundation for the molecular breeding of Rosa spp.
