In this study the antioxidant activity of barley malt rootlet (BMR) extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">as</span><span style="font-family:""> evaluated in...In this study the antioxidant activity of barley malt rootlet (BMR) extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">as</span><span style="font-family:""> evaluated in heat treated corn oil up to 5 hours at 185</span><span style="font-family:"">°</span><span style="font-family:"">C frying temperature. The antioxidant activity </span><span style="font-family:"">of </span><span style="font-family:"">BMR extracts was measured at 25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations. The free and bound antioxidant phenolics were extracted from BMR using three different extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction (CSE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and autoclave assisted pretreated solvent extraction (APSE). In the present experiment, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the various extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">ere</span><span style="font-family:""> measured. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used to evaluate the ability of the BMR to protect lipid peroxidation in corn oil at 185</span><span style="font-family:"">°</span><span style="font-family:"">C frying temperature. The formation of TBARS at 5 hours of heat treated corn oil ha</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> shown similar antioxidant levels in 150 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or MAE free phenolic extract added to corn oil. TBARS value for BHT was 1.896 ± 0.013 μg/mL of corn oil and for MAE was 1.896 ± 0.034 μg/mL of corn oil. The highest level of antioxidant activity was found for the free phenolic extracts. The order of inhibition of oxidation was found to be for free phenolics as follows: BHT (100 ppm) > APSE (50 ppm) > MAE (100 ppm) > CSE (100 ppm).展开更多
Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants...Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.展开更多
Tprn encodes the taperin protein,which is concentrated in the tapered region of hair cell stereocilia in the inner ear.In humans,TPRN mutations cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness(DFNB79)by an unknown mech...Tprn encodes the taperin protein,which is concentrated in the tapered region of hair cell stereocilia in the inner ear.In humans,TPRN mutations cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness(DFNB79)by an unknown mechanism.To determine the role of Tprn in hearing,we generated Tprn-null mice by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 genome-editing technology from a CBA/CaJ background.We observed significant hearing loss and progressive degeneration of stereocilia in the outer hair cells of Tprn-null mice starting from postnatal day 30.Transmission electron microscopy images of stereociliary bundles in the mutant mice showed some stereociliary rootlets with curved shafts.The central cores of the stereociliary rootlets possessed hollow structures with surrounding loose peripheral dense rings.Radixin,a protein expressed at stereocilia tapering,was abnormally dispersed along the stereocilia shafts in Tprn-null mice.The expression levels of radixin andβ-actin significantly decreased.We propose that Tprn is critical to the retention of the integrity of the stereociliary rootlet.Loss of Tprn in Tprn-null mice caused the disruption of the stereociliary rootlet,which resulted in damage to stereociliary bundles and hearing impairments.The generated Tprn-null mice are ideal models of human hereditary deafness DFNB79.展开更多
For decades,intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(IONM)has been used to guide selective dorsal rhizotomy(SDR)for the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy(CP).Electromyography(EMG)interpretation methods,which are...For decades,intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(IONM)has been used to guide selective dorsal rhizotomy(SDR)for the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy(CP).Electromyography(EMG)interpretation methods,which are the core of IONM,have never been fully discussed and addressed,and their importance and necessity in SDR have been questioned for years.However,outcomes of CP patients who have undergone IONM-guided SDR have been favorable,and surgery-related complications are extremely minimal.In this paper,we review the history of evolving EMG interpretation methods as well as their neuroelectrophysiological basis.展开更多
文摘In this study the antioxidant activity of barley malt rootlet (BMR) extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">as</span><span style="font-family:""> evaluated in heat treated corn oil up to 5 hours at 185</span><span style="font-family:"">°</span><span style="font-family:"">C frying temperature. The antioxidant activity </span><span style="font-family:"">of </span><span style="font-family:"">BMR extracts was measured at 25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations. The free and bound antioxidant phenolics were extracted from BMR using three different extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction (CSE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and autoclave assisted pretreated solvent extraction (APSE). In the present experiment, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the various extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">ere</span><span style="font-family:""> measured. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used to evaluate the ability of the BMR to protect lipid peroxidation in corn oil at 185</span><span style="font-family:"">°</span><span style="font-family:"">C frying temperature. The formation of TBARS at 5 hours of heat treated corn oil ha</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> shown similar antioxidant levels in 150 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or MAE free phenolic extract added to corn oil. TBARS value for BHT was 1.896 ± 0.013 μg/mL of corn oil and for MAE was 1.896 ± 0.034 μg/mL of corn oil. The highest level of antioxidant activity was found for the free phenolic extracts. The order of inhibition of oxidation was found to be for free phenolics as follows: BHT (100 ppm) > APSE (50 ppm) > MAE (100 ppm) > CSE (100 ppm).
文摘Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.
文摘Tprn encodes the taperin protein,which is concentrated in the tapered region of hair cell stereocilia in the inner ear.In humans,TPRN mutations cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness(DFNB79)by an unknown mechanism.To determine the role of Tprn in hearing,we generated Tprn-null mice by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 genome-editing technology from a CBA/CaJ background.We observed significant hearing loss and progressive degeneration of stereocilia in the outer hair cells of Tprn-null mice starting from postnatal day 30.Transmission electron microscopy images of stereociliary bundles in the mutant mice showed some stereociliary rootlets with curved shafts.The central cores of the stereociliary rootlets possessed hollow structures with surrounding loose peripheral dense rings.Radixin,a protein expressed at stereocilia tapering,was abnormally dispersed along the stereocilia shafts in Tprn-null mice.The expression levels of radixin andβ-actin significantly decreased.We propose that Tprn is critical to the retention of the integrity of the stereociliary rootlet.Loss of Tprn in Tprn-null mice caused the disruption of the stereociliary rootlet,which resulted in damage to stereociliary bundles and hearing impairments.The generated Tprn-null mice are ideal models of human hereditary deafness DFNB79.
文摘For decades,intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(IONM)has been used to guide selective dorsal rhizotomy(SDR)for the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy(CP).Electromyography(EMG)interpretation methods,which are the core of IONM,have never been fully discussed and addressed,and their importance and necessity in SDR have been questioned for years.However,outcomes of CP patients who have undergone IONM-guided SDR have been favorable,and surgery-related complications are extremely minimal.In this paper,we review the history of evolving EMG interpretation methods as well as their neuroelectrophysiological basis.
