The purpose of this study is to explore the real condition and effects of play teaching on Taiwan region of China Romanization for Grade 5 students in Ba Dou Area in Keelung,and to investigate the difficulties in the ...The purpose of this study is to explore the real condition and effects of play teaching on Taiwan region of China Romanization for Grade 5 students in Ba Dou Area in Keelung,and to investigate the difficulties in the process and solving methods.Play is a motivational tool to encourage and stimulate learning and attention.Based on a case of study,the subjects were a total of 53 students in grade 5 from two different schools,taught by a researcher.Throughout 13 weeks research,the data was collected and analyzed by means of classroom observation,interviewing the students,or reflective journal,surveys of opinions from students and Taiwan region of China teachers and document analysis based on SPSS.Play in Teaching Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling experimental group of consonants,vowels,tones,spelling and overall performance scores were significantly higher than the control group students F(1,50)=4.46,and 4.95,And 5.86,and 84.77,and 21.85(p〈0.05).Research findings are summarized as follows:(1)By incorporating play into Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling,the researcher found the interaction between the teacher and students,the students'reaction on Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling learning,and the performance to be highly different to normal Taiwan region of China class;(2)Having play in teaching Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling has five significant advantages,both in teaching and leaming aspects:a.Promoting the students'participation in learning Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling;b.Increasing interaction between the teacher and students;c.Changing the attitudes in learning and using Taiwan region of Chinas Romanization Spelling;d.Improving social ability by having play with classmates;and e.Examining learning impacts,and achieving the objective of repeated practice;(3)The researcher encountered and finally solved some difficulties in Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling,and many differences between the students from dissimilar classes.Based on the results as above,the suggestions for Taiwan region of China Romanization Scheme and further study were proposed.Taiwan region of China is a brand new subject,this research provides mother tongue teachers a new method in teaching to solve the problems they have met and also it is the first research on the purpose to help children learn Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling happily and effectively.展开更多
Law is all but not known for innovation.This is also true for studies in Roman private law,which have followed a system that is imagined to derive from the 2nd century AD jurist Gaius and late antique Justinianic codi...Law is all but not known for innovation.This is also true for studies in Roman private law,which have followed a system that is imagined to derive from the 2nd century AD jurist Gaius and late antique Justinianic codification.The shaping hands of the ancient codifiers and those of the medieval,early modern and 19th century jurists on Roman private law and the related legal discourses have been identified and studied at length.However,a real shift to discover the ways in which Roman private law became formed and was practiced has not been undertaken in comprehensive manner until the publication of the Handbook of Roman Private Law which is reviewed in the following from the perspective of an ancient historian.展开更多
Outer-independent Roman domination on graphs originates from the defensive strategy of Ancient Rome,which is that if any city without an army is attacked,a neighboring city with two armies could mobilize an army to su...Outer-independent Roman domination on graphs originates from the defensive strategy of Ancient Rome,which is that if any city without an army is attacked,a neighboring city with two armies could mobilize an army to support it and any two cities that have no army cannot be adjacent.The outer-independent Roman domination on graphs is an attractive topic in graph theory,and the definition is described as follows.Given a graph G=(V,E),a function f:V(G)→{0,1,2}is an outer-independent Roman dominating function(OIRDF)if f satisfies that every vertex v∈V with f(v)=0 has at least one adjacent vertex u∈N(v)with f(u)=2,where N(v)is the open neighborhood of v,and the set V0={v|f(v)=0}is an independent set.The weight of an OIRDF f is w(f)=∑_(v∈V)f(v).The value of minf w(f)is the outerindependent Roman domination number of G,denoted asγoiR(G).This paper is devoted to the study of the outer-independent Roman domination number of the Cartesian product of paths P_(n)□P_(m).With the help of computer,we find some recursive OIRDFs and then we present an upper bound ofγoiR(P_(n)□P_(m)).Furthermore,we prove the lower bound ofγoiR(P_(n)□P_(m))(n≤3)is equal to the upper bound.Hence,we achieve the exact value ofγoiR(P_(n)□P_(m))for n≤3 and the upper bound ofγoiR(P_(n)□P_(m))for n≥4.展开更多
This paper presents three computer games that are used in the teaching of ancient numismatics.All three applications-Craveler,NumisGames,and Graveler-were developed within the last years with the aim of teaching stude...This paper presents three computer games that are used in the teaching of ancient numismatics.All three applications-Craveler,NumisGames,and Graveler-were developed within the last years with the aim of teaching students numismatics through a playful approach.The different didactic goals,learning conditions,and outcomes are summarized and discussed.展开更多
The Roman domination problem is an important combinatorial optimization problem that is derived from an old story of defending the Roman Empire and now regains new significance in cyber space security,considering back...The Roman domination problem is an important combinatorial optimization problem that is derived from an old story of defending the Roman Empire and now regains new significance in cyber space security,considering backups in the face of a dynamic network security requirement.In this paper,firstly,we propose a Roman domination game(RDG)and prove that every Nash equilibrium(NE)of the game corresponds to a strong minimal Roman dominating function(S-RDF),as well as a Pareto-optimal solution.Secondly,we show that RDG is an exact potential game,which guarantees the existence of an NE.Thirdly,we design a game-based synchronous algorithm(GSA),which can be implemented distributively and converge to an NE in O(n)rounds,where n is the number of vertices.In GSA,all players make decisions depending on local information.Furthermore,we enhance GSA to be enhanced GSA(EGSA),which converges to a better NE in O(n2)rounds.Finally,we present numerical simulations to demonstrate that EGSA can obtain a better approximate solution in promising computation time compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.展开更多
Consider a graph G=(V,E).A perfect double Roman dominating function(PDRDF for short)is a function h:V→{0,1,2,3}that satisfies the condition∑_(y∈NG[x],h(y)≥1)h(y)=|{y∈NG(x):h(y)≥1}|+2 for any x∈V with h(x)≤1.Th...Consider a graph G=(V,E).A perfect double Roman dominating function(PDRDF for short)is a function h:V→{0,1,2,3}that satisfies the condition∑_(y∈NG[x],h(y)≥1)h(y)=|{y∈NG(x):h(y)≥1}|+2 for any x∈V with h(x)≤1.The weightω(h)of this function is∑_(y∈V)h(y).The perfect double Roman domination number(PDRD-number)of G,denoted byγ_(dR)^(p)(G),is defined as the minimum weight among all PDRDFs of G.This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the PDRD-number of connected cographs,demonstrating that it falls within the set{2,3,4,5,6}.Furthermore,it establishes that for any integer i≥7,there is a connected cograph G such that its PDRD-number is equal to i.展开更多
栏目设置南方论坛、农机与农艺、乡村振兴、农业机械与装备、农机化综合研究等。来稿须知(1)来稿要求论点明确、数据可靠、逻辑严密、文字精练。(2)论文摘要尽量写成报道性摘要,包括目的、方法、结果、结论4方面内容(500字符左右),应具...栏目设置南方论坛、农机与农艺、乡村振兴、农业机械与装备、农机化综合研究等。来稿须知(1)来稿要求论点明确、数据可靠、逻辑严密、文字精练。(2)论文摘要尽量写成报道性摘要,包括目的、方法、结果、结论4方面内容(500字符左右),应具有独立性与自明性,关键词选择贴近文义的规范性单词或主题词(3~5个),原则上建议不包含论文标题中已出现词汇,建议结合论文研究主题和关注领域给出1~2个中图分类号。(3)文稿篇幅(含图表)3版起收(3个版面5200字符左右,依此类推)。文中量和单位的使用请参照中华人民共和国法定计量单位最新标准。全文西文字母及阿拉伯数字用Times New Roman字体,汉字用宋体,正文用小五号字号,英文文献、题目、摘要和关键词中的标点符号用半角形式。外文字符必须分清大、小写,正、斜体,黑、白体,上下角标应区别明显。展开更多
栏目设置南方论坛、农机与农艺、乡村振兴、农业机械与装备、农机化综合研究等。来稿须知(1)来稿要求论点明确、数据可靠、逻辑严密、文字精炼。(2)论文摘要尽量写成报道性摘要,包括目的、方法、结果、结论4方面内容(500字符左右),应具...栏目设置南方论坛、农机与农艺、乡村振兴、农业机械与装备、农机化综合研究等。来稿须知(1)来稿要求论点明确、数据可靠、逻辑严密、文字精炼。(2)论文摘要尽量写成报道性摘要,包括目的、方法、结果、结论4方面内容(500字符左右),应具有独立性与自明性,关键词选择贴近文义的规范性单词或主题词(3~5个),原则上建议不包含论文标题中已出现词汇,建议结合论文研究主题和关注领域给出1~2个中图分类号。(3)文稿篇幅(含图表)3版起收(3个版面5200字符左右,依此类推)。文中量和单位的使用请参照中华人民共和国法定计量单位最新标准。全文西文字母及阿拉伯数字用Times New Roman字体,汉字用宋体,正文用小五号字号,英文文献、题目、摘要和关键词中的标点符号用半角形式。外文字符必须分清大、小写,正、斜体,黑、白体,上下角标应区别明显。展开更多
线条图应清晰且有区分度,可用Word或Visio打开编辑。字体字号要求:中文字体为宋体,英文字体为Times New Roman,字号为8磅。坐标曲线图的坐标轴、标值线的画法应规范。如果坐标轴未给出标值线和标值,坐标原点应用字母“O”标注,在坐标轴...线条图应清晰且有区分度,可用Word或Visio打开编辑。字体字号要求:中文字体为宋体,英文字体为Times New Roman,字号为8磅。坐标曲线图的坐标轴、标值线的画法应规范。如果坐标轴未给出标值线和标值,坐标原点应用字母“O”标注,在坐标轴的末端应按照增量方向画出箭头,标目应排在坐标轴末端的外侧。如果坐标轴上已给出标值线和标值,坐标原点应用阿拉伯数字“0”或实际数值标注,不宜画出表示增量方向的箭头,标目应居中排在坐标轴的外侧,标注形式为“量的符号或名称/单位符号”。展开更多
Exploring Greco-Roman and Chinese classics reveals timeless insights for navigating modern crises.THE enduring wisdom of ancient Greece and China–often found in their classics–holds profound potential to address to...Exploring Greco-Roman and Chinese classics reveals timeless insights for navigating modern crises.THE enduring wisdom of ancient Greece and China–often found in their classics–holds profound potential to address today’s pressing global challenges.This vital connection was powerfully underscored at the Second Global Forum on Mutual Learning among Civilizations.展开更多
1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic inform...1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic information sciences,remote sensing and cartography.Manuscripts come from different parts of the world.2 Format and style Contributions should be typed on A4 paper using Times New Roman typeface in Word format,normally not exceeding 20,000 words.展开更多
Optoelectronics Letters accepts Word style submissions.The title,author listing,captions for figures and tables should be in Arial font.The rest of the text and body of the article should be in Times New Roman font.
1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic inform...1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic information sciences,remote sensing and cartography.Manuscripts come from different parts of the world.2 Format and style Contributions should be typed on A4 paper using Times New Roman typeface in Word format,normally not exceeding 20,000 words.展开更多
Optoelectronics Letters accepts Word style submissions.The title,author listing,captions for figures and tables should be in Arial font.The rest of the text and body of the article should be in Times New Roman font.
1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic inform...1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic information sciences,remote sensing and cartography.Manuscripts come from different parts of the world.2 Format and style Contributions should be typed on A4 paper using Times New Roman typeface in Word format,normally not exceeding 20,000 words.3 Abstract and keywords The text should be preceded by an abstract of 200-300 words,which should be followed by 3-7keywords on a separate line.展开更多
1 General information.Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic inform...1 General information.Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic information sciences,remote sensing and cartography.Manuscripts come from different parts of the world.2 Format and style Contributions should be typed on A4 paper using Times New Roman typeface in Word format,normally not exceeding 20,000 words.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study is to explore the real condition and effects of play teaching on Taiwan region of China Romanization for Grade 5 students in Ba Dou Area in Keelung,and to investigate the difficulties in the process and solving methods.Play is a motivational tool to encourage and stimulate learning and attention.Based on a case of study,the subjects were a total of 53 students in grade 5 from two different schools,taught by a researcher.Throughout 13 weeks research,the data was collected and analyzed by means of classroom observation,interviewing the students,or reflective journal,surveys of opinions from students and Taiwan region of China teachers and document analysis based on SPSS.Play in Teaching Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling experimental group of consonants,vowels,tones,spelling and overall performance scores were significantly higher than the control group students F(1,50)=4.46,and 4.95,And 5.86,and 84.77,and 21.85(p〈0.05).Research findings are summarized as follows:(1)By incorporating play into Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling,the researcher found the interaction between the teacher and students,the students'reaction on Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling learning,and the performance to be highly different to normal Taiwan region of China class;(2)Having play in teaching Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling has five significant advantages,both in teaching and leaming aspects:a.Promoting the students'participation in learning Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling;b.Increasing interaction between the teacher and students;c.Changing the attitudes in learning and using Taiwan region of Chinas Romanization Spelling;d.Improving social ability by having play with classmates;and e.Examining learning impacts,and achieving the objective of repeated practice;(3)The researcher encountered and finally solved some difficulties in Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling,and many differences between the students from dissimilar classes.Based on the results as above,the suggestions for Taiwan region of China Romanization Scheme and further study were proposed.Taiwan region of China is a brand new subject,this research provides mother tongue teachers a new method in teaching to solve the problems they have met and also it is the first research on the purpose to help children learn Taiwan region of China Romanization Spelling happily and effectively.
文摘Law is all but not known for innovation.This is also true for studies in Roman private law,which have followed a system that is imagined to derive from the 2nd century AD jurist Gaius and late antique Justinianic codification.The shaping hands of the ancient codifiers and those of the medieval,early modern and 19th century jurists on Roman private law and the related legal discourses have been identified and studied at length.However,a real shift to discover the ways in which Roman private law became formed and was practiced has not been undertaken in comprehensive manner until the publication of the Handbook of Roman Private Law which is reviewed in the following from the perspective of an ancient historian.
文摘Outer-independent Roman domination on graphs originates from the defensive strategy of Ancient Rome,which is that if any city without an army is attacked,a neighboring city with two armies could mobilize an army to support it and any two cities that have no army cannot be adjacent.The outer-independent Roman domination on graphs is an attractive topic in graph theory,and the definition is described as follows.Given a graph G=(V,E),a function f:V(G)→{0,1,2}is an outer-independent Roman dominating function(OIRDF)if f satisfies that every vertex v∈V with f(v)=0 has at least one adjacent vertex u∈N(v)with f(u)=2,where N(v)is the open neighborhood of v,and the set V0={v|f(v)=0}is an independent set.The weight of an OIRDF f is w(f)=∑_(v∈V)f(v).The value of minf w(f)is the outerindependent Roman domination number of G,denoted asγoiR(G).This paper is devoted to the study of the outer-independent Roman domination number of the Cartesian product of paths P_(n)□P_(m).With the help of computer,we find some recursive OIRDFs and then we present an upper bound ofγoiR(P_(n)□P_(m)).Furthermore,we prove the lower bound ofγoiR(P_(n)□P_(m))(n≤3)is equal to the upper bound.Hence,we achieve the exact value ofγoiR(P_(n)□P_(m))for n≤3 and the upper bound ofγoiR(P_(n)□P_(m))for n≥4.
文摘This paper presents three computer games that are used in the teaching of ancient numismatics.All three applications-Craveler,NumisGames,and Graveler-were developed within the last years with the aim of teaching students numismatics through a playful approach.The different didactic goals,learning conditions,and outcomes are summarized and discussed.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2068)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD19A010001,LZ24F030009).
文摘The Roman domination problem is an important combinatorial optimization problem that is derived from an old story of defending the Roman Empire and now regains new significance in cyber space security,considering backups in the face of a dynamic network security requirement.In this paper,firstly,we propose a Roman domination game(RDG)and prove that every Nash equilibrium(NE)of the game corresponds to a strong minimal Roman dominating function(S-RDF),as well as a Pareto-optimal solution.Secondly,we show that RDG is an exact potential game,which guarantees the existence of an NE.Thirdly,we design a game-based synchronous algorithm(GSA),which can be implemented distributively and converge to an NE in O(n)rounds,where n is the number of vertices.In GSA,all players make decisions depending on local information.Furthermore,we enhance GSA to be enhanced GSA(EGSA),which converges to a better NE in O(n2)rounds.Finally,we present numerical simulations to demonstrate that EGSA can obtain a better approximate solution in promising computation time compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund of China(Grant No.11701059)The Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund(Municipal Education Commission)(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0003)The Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Analysis&Applications(Central China Normal University),Ministry of Education,P.R.China。
文摘Consider a graph G=(V,E).A perfect double Roman dominating function(PDRDF for short)is a function h:V→{0,1,2,3}that satisfies the condition∑_(y∈NG[x],h(y)≥1)h(y)=|{y∈NG(x):h(y)≥1}|+2 for any x∈V with h(x)≤1.The weightω(h)of this function is∑_(y∈V)h(y).The perfect double Roman domination number(PDRD-number)of G,denoted byγ_(dR)^(p)(G),is defined as the minimum weight among all PDRDFs of G.This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the PDRD-number of connected cographs,demonstrating that it falls within the set{2,3,4,5,6}.Furthermore,it establishes that for any integer i≥7,there is a connected cograph G such that its PDRD-number is equal to i.
文摘栏目设置南方论坛、农机与农艺、乡村振兴、农业机械与装备、农机化综合研究等。来稿须知(1)来稿要求论点明确、数据可靠、逻辑严密、文字精练。(2)论文摘要尽量写成报道性摘要,包括目的、方法、结果、结论4方面内容(500字符左右),应具有独立性与自明性,关键词选择贴近文义的规范性单词或主题词(3~5个),原则上建议不包含论文标题中已出现词汇,建议结合论文研究主题和关注领域给出1~2个中图分类号。(3)文稿篇幅(含图表)3版起收(3个版面5200字符左右,依此类推)。文中量和单位的使用请参照中华人民共和国法定计量单位最新标准。全文西文字母及阿拉伯数字用Times New Roman字体,汉字用宋体,正文用小五号字号,英文文献、题目、摘要和关键词中的标点符号用半角形式。外文字符必须分清大、小写,正、斜体,黑、白体,上下角标应区别明显。
文摘栏目设置南方论坛、农机与农艺、乡村振兴、农业机械与装备、农机化综合研究等。来稿须知(1)来稿要求论点明确、数据可靠、逻辑严密、文字精炼。(2)论文摘要尽量写成报道性摘要,包括目的、方法、结果、结论4方面内容(500字符左右),应具有独立性与自明性,关键词选择贴近文义的规范性单词或主题词(3~5个),原则上建议不包含论文标题中已出现词汇,建议结合论文研究主题和关注领域给出1~2个中图分类号。(3)文稿篇幅(含图表)3版起收(3个版面5200字符左右,依此类推)。文中量和单位的使用请参照中华人民共和国法定计量单位最新标准。全文西文字母及阿拉伯数字用Times New Roman字体,汉字用宋体,正文用小五号字号,英文文献、题目、摘要和关键词中的标点符号用半角形式。外文字符必须分清大、小写,正、斜体,黑、白体,上下角标应区别明显。
文摘线条图应清晰且有区分度,可用Word或Visio打开编辑。字体字号要求:中文字体为宋体,英文字体为Times New Roman,字号为8磅。坐标曲线图的坐标轴、标值线的画法应规范。如果坐标轴未给出标值线和标值,坐标原点应用字母“O”标注,在坐标轴的末端应按照增量方向画出箭头,标目应排在坐标轴末端的外侧。如果坐标轴上已给出标值线和标值,坐标原点应用阿拉伯数字“0”或实际数值标注,不宜画出表示增量方向的箭头,标目应居中排在坐标轴的外侧,标注形式为“量的符号或名称/单位符号”。
文摘Exploring Greco-Roman and Chinese classics reveals timeless insights for navigating modern crises.THE enduring wisdom of ancient Greece and China–often found in their classics–holds profound potential to address today’s pressing global challenges.This vital connection was powerfully underscored at the Second Global Forum on Mutual Learning among Civilizations.
文摘1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic information sciences,remote sensing and cartography.Manuscripts come from different parts of the world.2 Format and style Contributions should be typed on A4 paper using Times New Roman typeface in Word format,normally not exceeding 20,000 words.
文摘Optoelectronics Letters accepts Word style submissions.The title,author listing,captions for figures and tables should be in Arial font.The rest of the text and body of the article should be in Times New Roman font.
文摘1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic information sciences,remote sensing and cartography.Manuscripts come from different parts of the world.2 Format and style Contributions should be typed on A4 paper using Times New Roman typeface in Word format,normally not exceeding 20,000 words.
文摘Optoelectronics Letters accepts Word style submissions.The title,author listing,captions for figures and tables should be in Arial font.The rest of the text and body of the article should be in Times New Roman font.
文摘1 General information Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic information sciences,remote sensing and cartography.Manuscripts come from different parts of the world.2 Format and style Contributions should be typed on A4 paper using Times New Roman typeface in Word format,normally not exceeding 20,000 words.3 Abstract and keywords The text should be preceded by an abstract of 200-300 words,which should be followed by 3-7keywords on a separate line.
文摘1 General information.Journal of Geographical Sciences is an international academic journal that publishes papers of the highest quality in physical geography,natural resources,environmental sciences,geographic information sciences,remote sensing and cartography.Manuscripts come from different parts of the world.2 Format and style Contributions should be typed on A4 paper using Times New Roman typeface in Word format,normally not exceeding 20,000 words.
