This paper focuses on time series forecasting of monthly occurrence of fatal road accidents in Ondo State of Nigeria. Its aim, however, is to use time series analysis to analyze the data obtained from Federal Road Saf...This paper focuses on time series forecasting of monthly occurrence of fatal road accidents in Ondo State of Nigeria. Its aim, however, is to use time series analysis to analyze the data obtained from Federal Road Safety Corps （FRSC）, Ondo State Command; which was considered in two cases： the total cases reported （TCR） and the number of deaths resulted from accidents （NOD）. Various smoothing models for time series were used to analyze the two cases. Based on the models, predictions were made and the results show a steady increase as a result of long-term effects on road accidents for the two cases. It was found also that simple exponential smoothing model is the appropriate model for both TCR and NOD.展开更多
Road Traffic Accidents(RTAs)pose significant threats to public safety and urban infrastructure.While numerous studies have addressed this issue in other countries,there remains a notable gap in localized RTA research ...Road Traffic Accidents(RTAs)pose significant threats to public safety and urban infrastructure.While numerous studies have addressed this issue in other countries,there remains a notable gap in localized RTA research in Sri Lanka.In this context,the present study investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of RTAs in theMatara urban area in 2023,with the goal of supporting evidence-based policy interventions.A suite of GIS-based spatial analysis techniques including hotspot analysis,kernel density estimation,GiZ score mapping,and spatial autocorrelation(Moran’s I=0.36,p<0.01)was applied to examine the distribution and contributing factors of RTAs.The results identified several high-risk zones,particularly along the Colombo-Wellawaya main road,as well as near the southern expressway exit,and around Rahula Junction,which collectively accounted for over 40% of all recorded accidents.These areas are characterized by high traffic volumes,complex road geometries,and significant pedestrian activity.Driverrelated behaviors were dominant causes,with negligence accounting for 57% of accidents,aggressive driving for 14%,and alcohol influence for 8%.Temporally,the highest incidence of RTAs(38%)was recorded during the afternoon peak hours(11:00 a.m.to 4:59 p.m.).Based on these findings,targeted policy measures such as enhanced traffic enforcement,infrastructure redesign,and public awareness campaigns are recommended to reduce accident frequency and improve road safety in high-risk areas.This study provides a localized,data-driven framework that can guide urban traffic planning and safety interventions in Matara and similar urban settings.展开更多
Background:The increasing number of road traffic accidents(RTAs)worldwide is a major concern,posing a significant threat to people’s lives and well-being.Of particular worry is the substantial impact of fatal head in...Background:The increasing number of road traffic accidents(RTAs)worldwide is a major concern,posing a significant threat to people’s lives and well-being.Of particular worry is the substantial impact of fatal head injuries within the overall toll of these accidents.Understanding what contributes to head injuries in RTAs is complex,and specific factors such as the number of vehicles involved,speed,vehicle weight,and impact surface add layers of intricacy that need scrutiny.In simpler terms,we need to look at how these factors come into play.Aims and Objectives:The primary objective is to analyze the distribution of fatal head injury cases in RTAs,investigating how factors such as the number of vehicles,speed,vehicle weight,and impact surface influence the frequency and severity of such injuries.Materials and Methods:The study involves interviews with attendants of 604 RTA cases with head injuries,brought to the mortuary of S.R.N.Hospital at Moti Lal Nehru Medical College in Prayagraj.Ethical clearance and informed consent were secured before collecting preliminary data.Results:Significant findings indicate that fatal head injuries were most prevalent in two-vehicle accidents(53.15%),followed by multi-vehicle collisions(25.33%)and single-vehicle accidents involving pedestrians or objects(21.52%).Notably,the majority of impacts occurred on the front end(43.71%)and on main roads(52.98%),pinpointing specific areas for targeted road safety measures.In the subset of 604 fatal head injury cases from RTAs,comminuted skull fractures constituted 29.30%,while intact cranial fossa involvement was observed in 71.36%.Conclusion:Understanding the correlation between fatal head injuries and variables like the number of vehicles involved is pivotal for evidence-based interventions and policies.Collaboration among policymakers,safety experts,health-care providers,and researchers is imperative for reducing injuries and improving road safety.Identifying injury distribution causes informs traffic safety and medical response enhancements,contributing to a safer,healthier world through evidence-driven strategies.展开更多
The existing evidence on the economic burden of road accidents on gross domestic product(GDP)focused mainly on developed countries.This paper addresses an important gap in the literature by investigating into the impa...The existing evidence on the economic burden of road accidents on gross domestic product(GDP)focused mainly on developed countries.This paper addresses an important gap in the literature by investigating into the impacts of road traffic accidents and injuries on GDP in the small island of Mauritius.Mauritius,having perceived an important structural transformation over the past decades,is witnessing a rise in road accidents and injuries,which is a concern in terms of economic costs.In addition,it is a small island nation with limited road infrastructure,making it vulnerable to traffic congestion and accidents.The paper provides important insights for other island countries with similar geographic chal-lenges.The Vector error correction model(VECM)approach is used to assessing the exis-tence of a long-run relationship between road traffic accidents and GDP in Mauritius from 1980 to 2020.In addition to road crashes,different levels of injury severity linked to road accidents are evaluated.The results reveal that on average a 1%rise in road acci-dents leads to a 0.42%fall in real GDP.Further,a 1%rise in casualties linked to road acci-dents is likely to cause a 0.18%decline in GDP.Although a long-run relationship is established,there is no statistically significant influence of road accidents on GDP in the short-run.展开更多
Purpose: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities and nations. Trauma care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. There is gross dis...Purpose: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities and nations. Trauma care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. There is gross disparity between trauma services available in various parts of the country. Rural area in India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints, and lack of appropriate health infrastructure. The present study is to study the trends of occurrence of RTA cases by month, week and time of accident occurrence as well as to research the types of vehicle involved in accidents and other various risk factors related to them.Methods: During 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017, a hospital-based and cross-sectional study of RTA victims was conducted. The patients were admitted in emergency department of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, when stabilized, they were shifted to the orthopaedics and surgery ward.Results: In the study, 654 road accident victims were included, of which the majority were males (77.5%) and the most of them belonged to rural (67%). RTA victims according to the month of occurrence majority were found in January (12.5%) and evening was time of a day with maximum accidents (32.1%). Mortality cases of RTA victims based on type of road user and it shows decreasing trend of mortality of motor-cyclists (54.2%) followed by pedestrian (25.1%).Conclusion: There should be control over people driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol and drivers over-speeding and rash driving on urban roads as well as rural village roads.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the status of the pre-hospital trauma care in a road traffic accidents in a rural area of Kancheepuram district.Methods:A cross-sectional study of two months duration(June and July 2014)was condu...Objective:To evaluate the status of the pre-hospital trauma care in a road traffic accidents in a rural area of Kancheepuram district.Methods:A cross-sectional study of two months duration(June and July 2014)was conducted in the tertiary care hospital of a medical college,and its affiliated urban/rural health centers.Universal sampling was used and all road accident victims were enrolled as study participants.The required information was obtained with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire.Ethical clearance was obtained before the start of the study.SPSS version 18 was used for data entry and statistical analysis.Descriptive statistics were calculated for all the variables.Results:A total of 80(77.7%)study subjects were from the productive age group(15-45 years).Most of the accidents were reported at night time[43(41.7%)],on weekends[59(56.5%)],and involved two-wheelers[81(78.6%)].In addition,69 cases(67%)of the victims were not aware of the existence of emergency ambulance services,while only 6(5.8%)of the victims were brought to the hospital in an emergency ambulance.Conclusions:The study findings clearly suggest that the quality of the pre-hospital trauma care for road traffic accident victims in a rural area of Kancheepuram district lacks on multiple dimensions and there is an immense need to improve and strengthen the range of services to save the lives of the victims.展开更多
Purpose:Cerebral edema(CE)is the main secondary injury following traumatic brain injury(TBI)caused by road traffic accidents(RTAs).It is challenging to be predicted timely.In this study,we aimed to develop a predictio...Purpose:Cerebral edema(CE)is the main secondary injury following traumatic brain injury(TBI)caused by road traffic accidents(RTAs).It is challenging to be predicted timely.In this study,we aimed to develop a prediction model for CE by identifying its risk factors and comparing the timing of edema occurrence in TBI patients with varying levels of injuries.Methods:This case-control study included 218 patients with TBI caused by RTAs.The cohort was divided into CE and non-CE groups,according to CT results within 7 days.Demographic data,imaging data,and clinical data were collected and analyzed.Quantitative variables that follow normal distribution were presented as mean±standard deviation,those that do not follow normal distribution were presented as median(Q1,Q3).Categorical variables were expressed as percentages.The Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors for CE.Logistic curve fitting was performed to predict the time to secondary CE in TBI patients with different levels of injuries.The efficacy of the model was evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic curve.Results:According to the study,almost half(47.3%)of the patients were found to have CE.The risk factors associated with CE were bilateral frontal lobe contusion,unilateral frontal lobe contusion,cerebral contusion,subarachnoid hemorrhage,and abbreviated injury scale(AIS).The odds ratio values for these factors were 7.27(95%confidence interval(CI):2.08-25.42,p=0.002),2.85(95%CI:1.11-7.31,p=0.030),2.62(95%CI:1.12-6.13,p=0.027),2.44(95%CI:1.25-4.76,p=0.009),and 1.5(95%CI:1.10-2.04,p=0.009),respectively.We also observed that patients with mild/moderate TBI(AIS≤3)had a 50%probability of developing CE 19.7 h after injury(χ^(2)=13.82,adjusted R2=0.51),while patients with severe TBI(AIS>3)developed CE after 12.5 h(χ^(2)=18.48,adjusted R2=0.54).Finally,we conducted a receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of CE time,which showed an area under the curve of 0.744 and 0.672 for severe and mild/moderate TBI,respectively.Conclusion:Our study found that the onset of CE in individuals with TBI resulting from RTAs was correlated with the severity of the injury.Specifically,those with more severe injuries experienced an earlier onset of CE.These findings suggest that there is a critical time window for clinical intervention in cases of CE secondary to TBI.展开更多
Purpose The increasing number of deaths due to road traffic accidents(RTAs)has attracted global attention.However,the influence of road types is rarely considered in the study of RTAs.This study evaluates the influenc...Purpose The increasing number of deaths due to road traffic accidents(RTAs)has attracted global attention.However,the influence of road types is rarely considered in the study of RTAs.This study evaluates the influence of different road types in RTAs in northern Guizhou to provide a basis for the formulation of evidence-based policies and measures.Methods We obtained the data from the Zunyi Traffic Management Data Platform for the years 2009–2018.The mortality rates of RTAs were calculated.Descriptive methods and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the characteristics of road traffic collisions on different road types.We also examined the associations between the mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles and the growth of per capital gross domestic product(GDP)with Spearman’s rank correlation analysis.According to the passing volume and the infrastructure,we defined different types of roads,like administrative road,functional road,general urban road and urban expressway.Results In 2012,the traffic mortality rate of administrative roads was 8.9 per 100,000 people,and the mortality rate of functional roads was 7.4 per 100,000 people,which decreased in 2018 to 6.1 deaths per 100,000 people and 5.2 deaths per 100,000 people,respectively.The mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles reached the highest level in 2011(28.8 per 10,000 vehicles and 22.5 per 10,000 vehicles on administrative and functional roads,respectively).The death rate of county roads was the highest among administrative roads(χ^(2)=17.389,p<0.05)and that of fourth-class roads was the highest among functional roads(χ^(2)=21.785,p<0.05).The mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles was negatively correlated with per capital GDP.Conclusion Although our research shows that RTAs in northern Guizhou have steadily declined in recent years,the range of decline is relatively small.Many measures and sustainable efforts are needed to control road traffic death and accelerate the progress in road traffic safety in northern Guizhou.展开更多
Objective:To calculate the burden of road traffic accidents in Kathmandu Valley and then extrapolate this to the national level.Methods:A prospective study was performed to compute the burden of road traffic accidents...Objective:To calculate the burden of road traffic accidents in Kathmandu Valley and then extrapolate this to the national level.Methods:A prospective study was performed to compute the burden of road traffic accidents by quantification of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)using the Global Burden of Disease Study method on the basis of 1-year data from nine hospitals in Nepal and the Department of Foren-sic Medicine and cross-checked with the Nepal Traffic Directorate.Multiple methods were applied to the extrapolated population metrics of the burden of road traffic accidents in Nepal.Results:The total number of years of life lived in disability,years of life lost,and DALYs in Nepal were 38,848±194,119,935±1464,and 158,783±1658(95% confidence interval)re-spectively.The number of years lost because of morbidity and death was similar in Kathmandu Valley.Most(75%)of the DALYs resulted from years of life lost in Nepal.Males accounted for 73% of DALYs.Almost half(44%)of the DALYs were contributed by the group aged 15-29 years.Conclusion:This study is the first to calculate the burden of road traffic accidents in Nepal using Nepal’s own data.Nepal needs to develop and enhance its own system to identify significant public health issues so as to set national priorities for prevention of road traffic accidents.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with...<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with chest injuries in the urban of Jingzhou road traffic accidents were collected. Systematic review and analysis of the general information, postmortem examinations and assessments of chest injury had carried out from Feb. 2016 to Mar. 2018. <strong>Results:</strong> Average age of the victims was 52.2 years and the ratio of male to female deaths was 2.39:1. The proportion of motor-cyclists and pedestrians increased significantly. The overwhelming majority of accident vehicles were motorcycles and bicycles. Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common injuries. Craniocerebral and abdominal injuries were the most common associated injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common features of fatal road traffic injuries, often associated with vitreoretinal damage and serious multiple damages. These features reflect the characteristics of great violence in traffic accidents, which provides the evidence of identification of violent injuries.展开更多
In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and kn...In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and known framework in the way it handles currently and future accident cost components. We evaluated and compared the significance and impact of the economic loss caused by road traffic accidents in Sudan using detailed information on road traffic accident casualties, classified by severity level, vehicle type, and other key parameters such as discount rates and medical and insurance information for Sudan in its entirety. The total cost of road traffic accidents in Sudan in 2010 was estimated at US $391 million, which represents 0.57% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while in 2011 the cost was calculated to reach US $413 million, representing 0.62% of GDP. Findings show that the amount of accident costs is estimated to a certain extent at less than 1% of the total GDP of the country in the two estimation years, but we believe that the evaluation process used fulfilled the eligibility criteria of HC studies and that the produced values for Sudan are valid and reliable. Unit costs for each crash severity level were also estimated in the two years such as death, disability, serious injury, slight injury, and vehicle damage. Death or fatality was equal to US $38,932 and 39,508;disability was equal to US $43,113 and US $45,165;serious injury was equal to US $6963 and US $7596;slight injury was equal to US $2570 and US $3198 and vehicle damage only was equal to US $2268 and US $2579 in the assessment years 2010 and 2011, respectively.展开更多
Usually, data on road traffic accidents in Algeria are not available to researchers. Fortunately, MICS4mthe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted by UNICEF during 2012-2013 has introduced a module on accidents a...Usually, data on road traffic accidents in Algeria are not available to researchers. Fortunately, MICS4mthe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted by UNICEF during 2012-2013 has introduced a module on accidents among children less than 15 years. In Algeria, the MICS4 survey targeted a sample of 28,000 households distributed over the national territory. These are the main results of polynomial logistic regression： Children in the richest quintile （B = .562, p 〈 .05）, are much less exposed than children in the poorest quintile. The odd ratio is 1.75. Compared to children aged 12 to 14, the younger children of 0-2 years （B = -1.059, p 〈 .05）, are three times less exposed （odd ratio = .347） to road traffic accidents; and children of 9-11 years （B = .520, p 〈 .05）, are most exposed with an odd ratio of 1.68. For territorial planning areas, with the South being taken as a reference category, the risk of traffic accidents for a child is the lowest in the West Highlanders （B = -1.257, p 〈 .05）, followed by the North Center （B = -1.163, p 〈 .05）, the East Highlands （B = -1.053, p 〈 .05）, the Northwest （B = -1.034, p 〈 .05）, and the Northeast （B = -.805, p 〈 .05）. Odd ratio values are respectively .29, .313, .349, .356, and .447.展开更多
Background: Disability is an underestimated issue in public health, with road crashes as leading cause. In Africa, motorcyclists disproportionately bear the burden of road crash injuries, including disability. To cont...Background: Disability is an underestimated issue in public health, with road crashes as leading cause. In Africa, motorcyclists disproportionately bear the burden of road crash injuries, including disability. To contribute to decision-making for disability prevention, this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with disability at 12 months among motorcyclists involved in road crashes in Benin. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study based on 12-month follow-up data from a cohort of road crash victims set up in five hospitals in Benin. Data were collected from November 2020 to January 2021. Sample used for this analysis size was 297 motorcyclists. Disability was assessed using the Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics question set. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for disability in victims 12 months after the crash. Results: The prevalence of disability was 12.5% 95% CI (9.2 - 16.7). Disability occurrence was associated with being over 45 years old (OR = 3.1;95% CI = 1.5 - 6.6), severity of initial injury (OR = 3.3;95% CI = 1.5 - 7.3) and hospitalisation of the victim (OR = 6.9;95% CI = 2.0 - 24). Conclusion: Age over 45 years, severity of initial injuries and hospitalisation of the victim were risk factors for the occurrence of disability among motorcyclists who were victims of road crashes in Benin. User awareness, law enforcement, holistic and early management of road crash victims could contribute to reducing the prevalence of disability among victims in Benin.展开更多
Aims: The aims of the study were to assess the degree of knowledge and adherence to the recommended safe practice for driving and the risk of road traffic accidents among people with diabetes mellitus in Armenia. Meth...Aims: The aims of the study were to assess the degree of knowledge and adherence to the recommended safe practice for driving and the risk of road traffic accidents among people with diabetes mellitus in Armenia. Methods: A total of 628 respondents, including 200 drivers, out of 641 consecutive attendees at six diabetes clinics, participated in the survey. A modified British questionnaire on driving and diabetes was used to obtain the relevant data. The information from all 103 drivers treated with insulin and 73 taking sulfonylureas was reviewed. Results: The study revealed that of 176 insulin and sulfonylurea-treated drivers, 161 (91.5%) had never received any advice about safe driving practices. Among the drivers, 156 (88.6%) never measured their blood glucose before, or during driving. The survey revealed that 86 (51.2%) of 168 patients had a history of at least one motor vehicle accident within the previous 5 years. The average road traffic accident rate per person/year was 0.21. Conclusions: The study revealed a lack of knowledge among drivers with diabetes treated with insulin or sulfonylureas concerning recommended safe practices for driving. This was associated with significant hypoglycemia while driving and an elevated rate of road traffic accidents.展开更多
Objective:To determine the clinical and epidemiological features of pelvic fracture patients presenting to the Emergency Department.Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center ...Objective:To determine the clinical and epidemiological features of pelvic fracture patients presenting to the Emergency Department.Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center in south India.Causes of injury,types of pelvic fractures,the associated injuries,and outcome at the time of discharge were recorded.Results:A total of 140 patients were included in this study.Most patients were classified as type A(n=62),followed by type B(n=48)and type C(n=30).A total of 112 patients were injured due to road traffic accidents,followed by a fall from a height(n=23)and a fall from a heavy object(n=5).Most subjects had facial injuries(n=99,70.7%),followed by head injuries(n=51,36.4%).Five percent of the patients were expired,12%left against medical advice,and 83%were discharged.Conclusions:The incidence of pelvic fractures presenting to the Emergency Department is relatively high in India.Road traffic accidents are the primary cause of pelvic fractures and associated facial and head injuries.The outcomes demonstrate the need for improved prevention strategies and comprehensive management protocols to reduce mortality.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of injuries and risk factors in Raipur,Chhattisgarh,India.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 selected wards of Raipur.Data were collected from...Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of injuries and risk factors in Raipur,Chhattisgarh,India.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 selected wards of Raipur.Data were collected from injured individuals using a structured questionnaire.Socio-demographic characteristics,injury mechanisms,medical care-seeking behavior,and outcomes were assessed.Results:312 individuals with injuries were included,with 193 men and 119 women.Males were more likely to be injured than females(61.86%v.s.38.14%).Younger adults aged 21-30 were at highest risk(21.5%).The most common injuries were falls(38.8%)and road traffic accidents(34.9%).Injuries occurring on-road are the most frequent,followed by,at home with a highly significant association(P<0.001).Most individuals sought medical care(90.1%),primarily in private facilities(51.3%).Conclusions:This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of injuries in Raipur.The findings can inform the development of evidence-based interventions to reduce the burden of injuries and improve the health and well-being of the population.展开更多
Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are a public health problem. Subaxial cervical spine trauma (SCST) is the most common. They are a source of neurological consequences that can affect the functional ...Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are a public health problem. Subaxial cervical spine trauma (SCST) is the most common. They are a source of neurological consequences that can affect the functional prognosis, but above all vital. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of patients with lower cervical spine trauma. Method: We carried out a cross-sectional and retrospective study over seven years, from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, in the multipurpose surgery department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. We included all patients hospitalized for SCST, having performed at least one radiological examination. We excluded all patients whose records were incomplete. Results: We recorded 90 cases of SCST, and 60 cases met our selection criteria. The median age was 37 years, with the extremes of 6 and 83, the sex ratio of 3.6. The level of education was secondary in 45 cases (75%), and university in 13 cases (21.7%). Road traffic accidents accounted for 68.3% of cases, followed by falls in 16.7%. Motorcyclists were the most frequent victims (46.3%). Among the 60 patients in the series, three (5%) had health insurance. Conclusion: The SCST concerns subjects in their thirties, of the male sex. Road traffic accidents are the first cause, and mainly concern motorcyclists.展开更多
Objective： To compare fatalities and injuries in road traffic crashes （RTC） in Iran with other countries. Methods： Data were obtained from national health sources of Iran. These data included population number, r...Objective： To compare fatalities and injuries in road traffic crashes （RTC） in Iran with other countries. Methods： Data were obtained from national health sources of Iran. These data included population number, registered motor-vehicles number, number of RTCs and consequent fatalities and injuries from 1997 to 2006. Results： RTC fatality and injury rates increased from 1997 to 2005, but decreased in 2006. The overall men/women ratio in the RTC fatalities was 4.2：1. High RTC fatality rate of 39 per 100 000 population in Iran was almost the same as some other developing countries. In Iran, RTC fatalities in recent years were almost twice as much as the highest rate among the European countries. Conclusions： This investigation shows that in spite of reduction of RTC fatality in Iran in 2006, it is still one of the highest in the world. Moreover, this paper describes the state of RTC-related parameters in a developing country in comparison with the developed countries.展开更多
Objective ： To analyze the data of patients with spinal cord injury （SCI） induced by road traffic crashes in southeastern Iran for better understanding the pattern of these injuries and therefore for better designi...Objective ： To analyze the data of patients with spinal cord injury （SCI） induced by road traffic crashes in southeastern Iran for better understanding the pattern of these injuries and therefore for better designing health system planning. Methods ： In this historical cohort study, the patients who had been transferred to Level I trauma center in southeastern Iran due to road traffic accidents with radiographic documented SCI were evaluated. Results： Among 64 patients with SCI, 38 patients （59.4 %, 36 males and 2 females, aged 27.42 years ± 9.44 years on average） were injured by road traffic accidents. Car and motorcycle accidents were responsible for 26 cases （68.4%） and 12 cases （31.6%）, respectively. And 31patients （81. 6%） had complete SCI. Conus medularis （T12-L2 ） was the most affected level. Conclusions： Results are discussed in terms of preventive measures, specifically those concerning the use of restraint and helmet and driving behavior. This study should be extended nationally to gain a larger case series so that the SCI risk of particular vehicle configurations, considering other crash factors, can be more precisely quantified and the characteristics for low occurrence of SCI can be more precisely identified.展开更多
文摘This paper focuses on time series forecasting of monthly occurrence of fatal road accidents in Ondo State of Nigeria. Its aim, however, is to use time series analysis to analyze the data obtained from Federal Road Safety Corps （FRSC）, Ondo State Command; which was considered in two cases： the total cases reported （TCR） and the number of deaths resulted from accidents （NOD）. Various smoothing models for time series were used to analyze the two cases. Based on the models, predictions were made and the results show a steady increase as a result of long-term effects on road accidents for the two cases. It was found also that simple exponential smoothing model is the appropriate model for both TCR and NOD.
文摘Road Traffic Accidents(RTAs)pose significant threats to public safety and urban infrastructure.While numerous studies have addressed this issue in other countries,there remains a notable gap in localized RTA research in Sri Lanka.In this context,the present study investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of RTAs in theMatara urban area in 2023,with the goal of supporting evidence-based policy interventions.A suite of GIS-based spatial analysis techniques including hotspot analysis,kernel density estimation,GiZ score mapping,and spatial autocorrelation(Moran’s I=0.36,p<0.01)was applied to examine the distribution and contributing factors of RTAs.The results identified several high-risk zones,particularly along the Colombo-Wellawaya main road,as well as near the southern expressway exit,and around Rahula Junction,which collectively accounted for over 40% of all recorded accidents.These areas are characterized by high traffic volumes,complex road geometries,and significant pedestrian activity.Driverrelated behaviors were dominant causes,with negligence accounting for 57% of accidents,aggressive driving for 14%,and alcohol influence for 8%.Temporally,the highest incidence of RTAs(38%)was recorded during the afternoon peak hours(11:00 a.m.to 4:59 p.m.).Based on these findings,targeted policy measures such as enhanced traffic enforcement,infrastructure redesign,and public awareness campaigns are recommended to reduce accident frequency and improve road safety in high-risk areas.This study provides a localized,data-driven framework that can guide urban traffic planning and safety interventions in Matara and similar urban settings.
文摘Background:The increasing number of road traffic accidents(RTAs)worldwide is a major concern,posing a significant threat to people’s lives and well-being.Of particular worry is the substantial impact of fatal head injuries within the overall toll of these accidents.Understanding what contributes to head injuries in RTAs is complex,and specific factors such as the number of vehicles involved,speed,vehicle weight,and impact surface add layers of intricacy that need scrutiny.In simpler terms,we need to look at how these factors come into play.Aims and Objectives:The primary objective is to analyze the distribution of fatal head injury cases in RTAs,investigating how factors such as the number of vehicles,speed,vehicle weight,and impact surface influence the frequency and severity of such injuries.Materials and Methods:The study involves interviews with attendants of 604 RTA cases with head injuries,brought to the mortuary of S.R.N.Hospital at Moti Lal Nehru Medical College in Prayagraj.Ethical clearance and informed consent were secured before collecting preliminary data.Results:Significant findings indicate that fatal head injuries were most prevalent in two-vehicle accidents(53.15%),followed by multi-vehicle collisions(25.33%)and single-vehicle accidents involving pedestrians or objects(21.52%).Notably,the majority of impacts occurred on the front end(43.71%)and on main roads(52.98%),pinpointing specific areas for targeted road safety measures.In the subset of 604 fatal head injury cases from RTAs,comminuted skull fractures constituted 29.30%,while intact cranial fossa involvement was observed in 71.36%.Conclusion:Understanding the correlation between fatal head injuries and variables like the number of vehicles involved is pivotal for evidence-based interventions and policies.Collaboration among policymakers,safety experts,health-care providers,and researchers is imperative for reducing injuries and improving road safety.Identifying injury distribution causes informs traffic safety and medical response enhancements,contributing to a safer,healthier world through evidence-driven strategies.
基金funding from the Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit,Ministry of Land Transport and Light Railway,Mauritius.
文摘The existing evidence on the economic burden of road accidents on gross domestic product(GDP)focused mainly on developed countries.This paper addresses an important gap in the literature by investigating into the impacts of road traffic accidents and injuries on GDP in the small island of Mauritius.Mauritius,having perceived an important structural transformation over the past decades,is witnessing a rise in road accidents and injuries,which is a concern in terms of economic costs.In addition,it is a small island nation with limited road infrastructure,making it vulnerable to traffic congestion and accidents.The paper provides important insights for other island countries with similar geographic chal-lenges.The Vector error correction model(VECM)approach is used to assessing the exis-tence of a long-run relationship between road traffic accidents and GDP in Mauritius from 1980 to 2020.In addition to road crashes,different levels of injury severity linked to road accidents are evaluated.The results reveal that on average a 1%rise in road acci-dents leads to a 0.42%fall in real GDP.Further,a 1%rise in casualties linked to road acci-dents is likely to cause a 0.18%decline in GDP.Although a long-run relationship is established,there is no statistically significant influence of road accidents on GDP in the short-run.
文摘Purpose: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities and nations. Trauma care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. There is gross disparity between trauma services available in various parts of the country. Rural area in India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints, and lack of appropriate health infrastructure. The present study is to study the trends of occurrence of RTA cases by month, week and time of accident occurrence as well as to research the types of vehicle involved in accidents and other various risk factors related to them.Methods: During 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017, a hospital-based and cross-sectional study of RTA victims was conducted. The patients were admitted in emergency department of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, when stabilized, they were shifted to the orthopaedics and surgery ward.Results: In the study, 654 road accident victims were included, of which the majority were males (77.5%) and the most of them belonged to rural (67%). RTA victims according to the month of occurrence majority were found in January (12.5%) and evening was time of a day with maximum accidents (32.1%). Mortality cases of RTA victims based on type of road user and it shows decreasing trend of mortality of motor-cyclists (54.2%) followed by pedestrian (25.1%).Conclusion: There should be control over people driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol and drivers over-speeding and rash driving on urban roads as well as rural village roads.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the status of the pre-hospital trauma care in a road traffic accidents in a rural area of Kancheepuram district.Methods:A cross-sectional study of two months duration(June and July 2014)was conducted in the tertiary care hospital of a medical college,and its affiliated urban/rural health centers.Universal sampling was used and all road accident victims were enrolled as study participants.The required information was obtained with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire.Ethical clearance was obtained before the start of the study.SPSS version 18 was used for data entry and statistical analysis.Descriptive statistics were calculated for all the variables.Results:A total of 80(77.7%)study subjects were from the productive age group(15-45 years).Most of the accidents were reported at night time[43(41.7%)],on weekends[59(56.5%)],and involved two-wheelers[81(78.6%)].In addition,69 cases(67%)of the victims were not aware of the existence of emergency ambulance services,while only 6(5.8%)of the victims were brought to the hospital in an emergency ambulance.Conclusions:The study findings clearly suggest that the quality of the pre-hospital trauma care for road traffic accident victims in a rural area of Kancheepuram district lacks on multiple dimensions and there is an immense need to improve and strengthen the range of services to save the lives of the victims.
基金support from Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund (grant Nos.CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0155)Chongqingmedicalscientific research project (Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau) (grant Nos.2023MSXM009).
文摘Purpose:Cerebral edema(CE)is the main secondary injury following traumatic brain injury(TBI)caused by road traffic accidents(RTAs).It is challenging to be predicted timely.In this study,we aimed to develop a prediction model for CE by identifying its risk factors and comparing the timing of edema occurrence in TBI patients with varying levels of injuries.Methods:This case-control study included 218 patients with TBI caused by RTAs.The cohort was divided into CE and non-CE groups,according to CT results within 7 days.Demographic data,imaging data,and clinical data were collected and analyzed.Quantitative variables that follow normal distribution were presented as mean±standard deviation,those that do not follow normal distribution were presented as median(Q1,Q3).Categorical variables were expressed as percentages.The Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors for CE.Logistic curve fitting was performed to predict the time to secondary CE in TBI patients with different levels of injuries.The efficacy of the model was evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic curve.Results:According to the study,almost half(47.3%)of the patients were found to have CE.The risk factors associated with CE were bilateral frontal lobe contusion,unilateral frontal lobe contusion,cerebral contusion,subarachnoid hemorrhage,and abbreviated injury scale(AIS).The odds ratio values for these factors were 7.27(95%confidence interval(CI):2.08-25.42,p=0.002),2.85(95%CI:1.11-7.31,p=0.030),2.62(95%CI:1.12-6.13,p=0.027),2.44(95%CI:1.25-4.76,p=0.009),and 1.5(95%CI:1.10-2.04,p=0.009),respectively.We also observed that patients with mild/moderate TBI(AIS≤3)had a 50%probability of developing CE 19.7 h after injury(χ^(2)=13.82,adjusted R2=0.51),while patients with severe TBI(AIS>3)developed CE after 12.5 h(χ^(2)=18.48,adjusted R2=0.54).Finally,we conducted a receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of CE time,which showed an area under the curve of 0.744 and 0.672 for severe and mild/moderate TBI,respectively.Conclusion:Our study found that the onset of CE in individuals with TBI resulting from RTAs was correlated with the severity of the injury.Specifically,those with more severe injuries experienced an earlier onset of CE.These findings suggest that there is a critical time window for clinical intervention in cases of CE secondary to TBI.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.81760233)Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province(No.[2020]4Y149 and[2019]5661).
文摘Purpose The increasing number of deaths due to road traffic accidents(RTAs)has attracted global attention.However,the influence of road types is rarely considered in the study of RTAs.This study evaluates the influence of different road types in RTAs in northern Guizhou to provide a basis for the formulation of evidence-based policies and measures.Methods We obtained the data from the Zunyi Traffic Management Data Platform for the years 2009–2018.The mortality rates of RTAs were calculated.Descriptive methods and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the characteristics of road traffic collisions on different road types.We also examined the associations between the mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles and the growth of per capital gross domestic product(GDP)with Spearman’s rank correlation analysis.According to the passing volume and the infrastructure,we defined different types of roads,like administrative road,functional road,general urban road and urban expressway.Results In 2012,the traffic mortality rate of administrative roads was 8.9 per 100,000 people,and the mortality rate of functional roads was 7.4 per 100,000 people,which decreased in 2018 to 6.1 deaths per 100,000 people and 5.2 deaths per 100,000 people,respectively.The mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles reached the highest level in 2011(28.8 per 10,000 vehicles and 22.5 per 10,000 vehicles on administrative and functional roads,respectively).The death rate of county roads was the highest among administrative roads(χ^(2)=17.389,p<0.05)and that of fourth-class roads was the highest among functional roads(χ^(2)=21.785,p<0.05).The mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles was negatively correlated with per capital GDP.Conclusion Although our research shows that RTAs in northern Guizhou have steadily declined in recent years,the range of decline is relatively small.Many measures and sustainable efforts are needed to control road traffic death and accelerate the progress in road traffic safety in northern Guizhou.
文摘Objective:To calculate the burden of road traffic accidents in Kathmandu Valley and then extrapolate this to the national level.Methods:A prospective study was performed to compute the burden of road traffic accidents by quantification of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)using the Global Burden of Disease Study method on the basis of 1-year data from nine hospitals in Nepal and the Department of Foren-sic Medicine and cross-checked with the Nepal Traffic Directorate.Multiple methods were applied to the extrapolated population metrics of the burden of road traffic accidents in Nepal.Results:The total number of years of life lived in disability,years of life lost,and DALYs in Nepal were 38,848±194,119,935±1464,and 158,783±1658(95% confidence interval)re-spectively.The number of years lost because of morbidity and death was similar in Kathmandu Valley.Most(75%)of the DALYs resulted from years of life lost in Nepal.Males accounted for 73% of DALYs.Almost half(44%)of the DALYs were contributed by the group aged 15-29 years.Conclusion:This study is the first to calculate the burden of road traffic accidents in Nepal using Nepal’s own data.Nepal needs to develop and enhance its own system to identify significant public health issues so as to set national priorities for prevention of road traffic accidents.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with chest injuries in the urban of Jingzhou road traffic accidents were collected. Systematic review and analysis of the general information, postmortem examinations and assessments of chest injury had carried out from Feb. 2016 to Mar. 2018. <strong>Results:</strong> Average age of the victims was 52.2 years and the ratio of male to female deaths was 2.39:1. The proportion of motor-cyclists and pedestrians increased significantly. The overwhelming majority of accident vehicles were motorcycles and bicycles. Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common injuries. Craniocerebral and abdominal injuries were the most common associated injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common features of fatal road traffic injuries, often associated with vitreoretinal damage and serious multiple damages. These features reflect the characteristics of great violence in traffic accidents, which provides the evidence of identification of violent injuries.
文摘In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and known framework in the way it handles currently and future accident cost components. We evaluated and compared the significance and impact of the economic loss caused by road traffic accidents in Sudan using detailed information on road traffic accident casualties, classified by severity level, vehicle type, and other key parameters such as discount rates and medical and insurance information for Sudan in its entirety. The total cost of road traffic accidents in Sudan in 2010 was estimated at US $391 million, which represents 0.57% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while in 2011 the cost was calculated to reach US $413 million, representing 0.62% of GDP. Findings show that the amount of accident costs is estimated to a certain extent at less than 1% of the total GDP of the country in the two estimation years, but we believe that the evaluation process used fulfilled the eligibility criteria of HC studies and that the produced values for Sudan are valid and reliable. Unit costs for each crash severity level were also estimated in the two years such as death, disability, serious injury, slight injury, and vehicle damage. Death or fatality was equal to US $38,932 and 39,508;disability was equal to US $43,113 and US $45,165;serious injury was equal to US $6963 and US $7596;slight injury was equal to US $2570 and US $3198 and vehicle damage only was equal to US $2268 and US $2579 in the assessment years 2010 and 2011, respectively.
文摘Usually, data on road traffic accidents in Algeria are not available to researchers. Fortunately, MICS4mthe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted by UNICEF during 2012-2013 has introduced a module on accidents among children less than 15 years. In Algeria, the MICS4 survey targeted a sample of 28,000 households distributed over the national territory. These are the main results of polynomial logistic regression： Children in the richest quintile （B = .562, p 〈 .05）, are much less exposed than children in the poorest quintile. The odd ratio is 1.75. Compared to children aged 12 to 14, the younger children of 0-2 years （B = -1.059, p 〈 .05）, are three times less exposed （odd ratio = .347） to road traffic accidents; and children of 9-11 years （B = .520, p 〈 .05）, are most exposed with an odd ratio of 1.68. For territorial planning areas, with the South being taken as a reference category, the risk of traffic accidents for a child is the lowest in the West Highlanders （B = -1.257, p 〈 .05）, followed by the North Center （B = -1.163, p 〈 .05）, the East Highlands （B = -1.053, p 〈 .05）, the Northwest （B = -1.034, p 〈 .05）, and the Northeast （B = -.805, p 〈 .05）. Odd ratio values are respectively .29, .313, .349, .356, and .447.
文摘Background: Disability is an underestimated issue in public health, with road crashes as leading cause. In Africa, motorcyclists disproportionately bear the burden of road crash injuries, including disability. To contribute to decision-making for disability prevention, this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with disability at 12 months among motorcyclists involved in road crashes in Benin. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study based on 12-month follow-up data from a cohort of road crash victims set up in five hospitals in Benin. Data were collected from November 2020 to January 2021. Sample used for this analysis size was 297 motorcyclists. Disability was assessed using the Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics question set. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for disability in victims 12 months after the crash. Results: The prevalence of disability was 12.5% 95% CI (9.2 - 16.7). Disability occurrence was associated with being over 45 years old (OR = 3.1;95% CI = 1.5 - 6.6), severity of initial injury (OR = 3.3;95% CI = 1.5 - 7.3) and hospitalisation of the victim (OR = 6.9;95% CI = 2.0 - 24). Conclusion: Age over 45 years, severity of initial injuries and hospitalisation of the victim were risk factors for the occurrence of disability among motorcyclists who were victims of road crashes in Benin. User awareness, law enforcement, holistic and early management of road crash victims could contribute to reducing the prevalence of disability among victims in Benin.
文摘Aims: The aims of the study were to assess the degree of knowledge and adherence to the recommended safe practice for driving and the risk of road traffic accidents among people with diabetes mellitus in Armenia. Methods: A total of 628 respondents, including 200 drivers, out of 641 consecutive attendees at six diabetes clinics, participated in the survey. A modified British questionnaire on driving and diabetes was used to obtain the relevant data. The information from all 103 drivers treated with insulin and 73 taking sulfonylureas was reviewed. Results: The study revealed that of 176 insulin and sulfonylurea-treated drivers, 161 (91.5%) had never received any advice about safe driving practices. Among the drivers, 156 (88.6%) never measured their blood glucose before, or during driving. The survey revealed that 86 (51.2%) of 168 patients had a history of at least one motor vehicle accident within the previous 5 years. The average road traffic accident rate per person/year was 0.21. Conclusions: The study revealed a lack of knowledge among drivers with diabetes treated with insulin or sulfonylureas concerning recommended safe practices for driving. This was associated with significant hypoglycemia while driving and an elevated rate of road traffic accidents.
文摘Objective:To determine the clinical and epidemiological features of pelvic fracture patients presenting to the Emergency Department.Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center in south India.Causes of injury,types of pelvic fractures,the associated injuries,and outcome at the time of discharge were recorded.Results:A total of 140 patients were included in this study.Most patients were classified as type A(n=62),followed by type B(n=48)and type C(n=30).A total of 112 patients were injured due to road traffic accidents,followed by a fall from a height(n=23)and a fall from a heavy object(n=5).Most subjects had facial injuries(n=99,70.7%),followed by head injuries(n=51,36.4%).Five percent of the patients were expired,12%left against medical advice,and 83%were discharged.Conclusions:The incidence of pelvic fractures presenting to the Emergency Department is relatively high in India.Road traffic accidents are the primary cause of pelvic fractures and associated facial and head injuries.The outcomes demonstrate the need for improved prevention strategies and comprehensive management protocols to reduce mortality.
文摘Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of injuries and risk factors in Raipur,Chhattisgarh,India.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 selected wards of Raipur.Data were collected from injured individuals using a structured questionnaire.Socio-demographic characteristics,injury mechanisms,medical care-seeking behavior,and outcomes were assessed.Results:312 individuals with injuries were included,with 193 men and 119 women.Males were more likely to be injured than females(61.86%v.s.38.14%).Younger adults aged 21-30 were at highest risk(21.5%).The most common injuries were falls(38.8%)and road traffic accidents(34.9%).Injuries occurring on-road are the most frequent,followed by,at home with a highly significant association(P<0.001).Most individuals sought medical care(90.1%),primarily in private facilities(51.3%).Conclusions:This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of injuries in Raipur.The findings can inform the development of evidence-based interventions to reduce the burden of injuries and improve the health and well-being of the population.
文摘Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are a public health problem. Subaxial cervical spine trauma (SCST) is the most common. They are a source of neurological consequences that can affect the functional prognosis, but above all vital. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of patients with lower cervical spine trauma. Method: We carried out a cross-sectional and retrospective study over seven years, from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, in the multipurpose surgery department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. We included all patients hospitalized for SCST, having performed at least one radiological examination. We excluded all patients whose records were incomplete. Results: We recorded 90 cases of SCST, and 60 cases met our selection criteria. The median age was 37 years, with the extremes of 6 and 83, the sex ratio of 3.6. The level of education was secondary in 45 cases (75%), and university in 13 cases (21.7%). Road traffic accidents accounted for 68.3% of cases, followed by falls in 16.7%. Motorcyclists were the most frequent victims (46.3%). Among the 60 patients in the series, three (5%) had health insurance. Conclusion: The SCST concerns subjects in their thirties, of the male sex. Road traffic accidents are the first cause, and mainly concern motorcyclists.
文摘Objective： To compare fatalities and injuries in road traffic crashes （RTC） in Iran with other countries. Methods： Data were obtained from national health sources of Iran. These data included population number, registered motor-vehicles number, number of RTCs and consequent fatalities and injuries from 1997 to 2006. Results： RTC fatality and injury rates increased from 1997 to 2005, but decreased in 2006. The overall men/women ratio in the RTC fatalities was 4.2：1. High RTC fatality rate of 39 per 100 000 population in Iran was almost the same as some other developing countries. In Iran, RTC fatalities in recent years were almost twice as much as the highest rate among the European countries. Conclusions： This investigation shows that in spite of reduction of RTC fatality in Iran in 2006, it is still one of the highest in the world. Moreover, this paper describes the state of RTC-related parameters in a developing country in comparison with the developed countries.
文摘Objective ： To analyze the data of patients with spinal cord injury （SCI） induced by road traffic crashes in southeastern Iran for better understanding the pattern of these injuries and therefore for better designing health system planning. Methods ： In this historical cohort study, the patients who had been transferred to Level I trauma center in southeastern Iran due to road traffic accidents with radiographic documented SCI were evaluated. Results： Among 64 patients with SCI, 38 patients （59.4 %, 36 males and 2 females, aged 27.42 years ± 9.44 years on average） were injured by road traffic accidents. Car and motorcycle accidents were responsible for 26 cases （68.4%） and 12 cases （31.6%）, respectively. And 31patients （81. 6%） had complete SCI. Conus medularis （T12-L2 ） was the most affected level. Conclusions： Results are discussed in terms of preventive measures, specifically those concerning the use of restraint and helmet and driving behavior. This study should be extended nationally to gain a larger case series so that the SCI risk of particular vehicle configurations, considering other crash factors, can be more precisely quantified and the characteristics for low occurrence of SCI can be more precisely identified.
