Roads are crucial public spaces in cities and serve as a window to showcase the city’s characteristics.They serve not only as a means of urban transportation but also as a crucial spatial carrier for urban communicat...Roads are crucial public spaces in cities and serve as a window to showcase the city’s characteristics.They serve not only as a means of urban transportation but also as a crucial spatial carrier for urban communication activities and a significant location for meeting the increasing demands of people for a better quality of life.The current road infrastructure prioritizes the right of way for cars,neglecting the design of sidewalks and green belts within the road’s boundaries,and extension spaces between buildings and boundary lines of roads.There is a pressing need to improve street space in response to the demand for development transformation and the creation of a warmer city.This paper summarizes common problems in current road spaces,draws on the experience of excellent urban road spaces in foreign countries,discusses new ideas for the refined design of road spaces based on the transformation of road planning concepts,and suggests a reference standard for guiding detailed design.Simultaneously,the review of road construction will incorporate the detailed design of road space to enhance the role of planning in guiding and controlling the construction of road works.展开更多
Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of life.However,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the s...Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of life.However,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the space distribution,reflect the inequalities existing in the fabric of our society.Motorists often have shorter travel time and more space than passengers of other modes.Furthermore,the existing transport appraisal and planning tools that frame sustainable transport policies fall short of considering the dimension of social justice.Therefore,our urban transport systems are essential areas for advancing sustainability through a transport justice-based approach to planning that can pivot the distribution of infrastructure investments over different social groups and transport modes.This study proposes such an approach by which such suitable urban transport strategies can be identified,co-created with users and appraised while considering the commuters’needs.Specifically,the interaction between the multidimensional characteristics of sustainability and the principles of transport justice are investigated.The proposed approach is applied to London and Birmingham.The results show that a transparent and holistic approach to integrating users within transport planning is an effective way to reflect diverse needs and local circumstances and thereby ensure a just transition to sustainable urban transport policies.The results from the case studies highlight a strong rationale for the centrality of justice in any urban transport planning and policy making efforts,particularly in the allocation of road space.展开更多
With Picea koraiensis as the research object which have similar growth vigor in a same habitat, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, weight of dry-matter and leaf color change of Picea kor...With Picea koraiensis as the research object which have similar growth vigor in a same habitat, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, weight of dry-matter and leaf color change of Picea koraiensis in different lighting conditions were determined. Environment without light sources was taken as the control group. The results showed that different light sources and different distances from light sources to plants had diversified impact on the photosynthetic physiology of Picea koraiensis. Among these different color lights, green light had the least influence on Picea koraiensis, yellow light and purple light had greater influence.展开更多
The rise of the ancient Silk Road is a model of cross-nation production of space in early human history. During the Western Han Dynasty, after a passage way to the Western regions was "hollowed out" and secu...The rise of the ancient Silk Road is a model of cross-nation production of space in early human history. During the Western Han Dynasty, after a passage way to the Western regions was "hollowed out" and secured, commerce and trade along the route boomed, people started to form clusters, and towns and cities were established. Since the late Tang Dynasty, under the combined effects of natural disasters and manmade misfortunes, regions along the Silk Road in Northwest China were severely depopulated, the towns and cities declined, the ecological environment became fragile, and the social space in West China shrank dramatically. The West Development Strategy later launched by the People' s Republic of China had its focus on optimization and reconstruction of domestic social space, whereas the Belt and Road Initiative(referring respectively to "the Silk Road Economic Belt", hereinafter "the Belt", and "the 21 st-Century Maritime Silk Road", " the Road") is rooted in the planning of space for long-term development and production. In building the Belt and Road, we should take the initiative and necessary steps to manage sound top-level designs; further break down the space alienation emanating from the domestic administrative divisions, and stick to the policy of all around opening up; base the endeavor on the new types of urbanization and strengthen social construction to optimize spatial structures; pay attention to the leading role of space consumption by vigorously developing Silk Road tourism; enhance the transportation and communication infrastructure in the node cities to achieve seamless docking and deep-level integration of both social space and natural space along the Belt and Road.展开更多
Based on space syntax theory, the spatial accessibility of the road network in Wuhan Metropolitan Area has been quantitatively analyzed by building a series of accessibility variables. Topologic connectivity in the ac...Based on space syntax theory, the spatial accessibility of the road network in Wuhan Metropolitan Area has been quantitatively analyzed by building a series of accessibility variables. Topologic connectivity in the accessible rings appears to be broken;traffic axis network is in spatial structure of hub-and-spoke and fishbone-like. Meanwhile, the differences in classified road network have led to inefficiency of its network servo and its ever-worsening capability to respond to traffic jams. Besides, two band-like integrated cores of which one is east to west along the Yangtze River and the other is north to south along Beijing to Guangzhou Railway, have become the first level traffic axis in the whole network, which is responsible for the connectivity of the entire metropolitan area network. This consequently has strengthened the dominant position of Wuhan which is located on the bands’ crossing. In short, the spatial accessibility of that classified space morphology, the urban system, the transport infrastructure as well as the social and economic development of Wuhan Metropolitan Area are highly interrelated to each other, especially to the high level highway network featured by freeways, the development level of which is well in line with that of road network accessibility.展开更多
In recent years, the phenomenon of the middle-aged and old people vying for the venue in the park has been frequently exposed, reflecting the uneven distribution of urban parks and the lack of activity space for urban...In recent years, the phenomenon of the middle-aged and old people vying for the venue in the park has been frequently exposed, reflecting the uneven distribution of urban parks and the lack of activity space for urban block parks. That phenomenon also shows that the grouping activity habits of the middle-aged and elderly people have affected the fair use of public resources. Based on the current situation of land use in urban block parks, this study explored the site-constrained design method in combination with behavioral scene theory, and proposed to create more equal opportunities for individuals to share public space by limiting the activity scale of middle-aged and old people.展开更多
In urban road greening,the planting of ground cover flowers is essential,and herbaceous flowers are an important part.Through the investigation on the diversity of herbaceous flowers in urban road green spaces of Hefe...In urban road greening,the planting of ground cover flowers is essential,and herbaceous flowers are an important part.Through the investigation on the diversity of herbaceous flowers in urban road green spaces of Hefei City,the types,colors,application frequency and planting of herbaceous flowers in urban road green spaces were statistically analyzed,and the application forms of herbaceous flowers in the road greening of Hefei City were studied.The characteristics and problems of herbaceous flowers in the road greening of Hefei City were found,and some development suggestions were put forward.展开更多
To create a comfortable microclimate environment,the design methods of green layout and green structure of four common forms of urban green space(park green space,road green space,waterfront open green space,and green...To create a comfortable microclimate environment,the design methods of green layout and green structure of four common forms of urban green space(park green space,road green space,waterfront open green space,and green space between houses)were discussed,and the modes"concentric three rings"and"three-layer sandwich cake",as well as the matching principles of three-dimensional green elements of trees and shrubs with lawn and hard matrix elements,were proposed.展开更多
文摘Roads are crucial public spaces in cities and serve as a window to showcase the city’s characteristics.They serve not only as a means of urban transportation but also as a crucial spatial carrier for urban communication activities and a significant location for meeting the increasing demands of people for a better quality of life.The current road infrastructure prioritizes the right of way for cars,neglecting the design of sidewalks and green belts within the road’s boundaries,and extension spaces between buildings and boundary lines of roads.There is a pressing need to improve street space in response to the demand for development transformation and the creation of a warmer city.This paper summarizes common problems in current road spaces,draws on the experience of excellent urban road spaces in foreign countries,discusses new ideas for the refined design of road spaces based on the transformation of road planning concepts,and suggests a reference standard for guiding detailed design.Simultaneously,the review of road construction will incorporate the detailed design of road space to enhance the role of planning in guiding and controlling the construction of road works.
基金The financial supports from the ESRC through the Impact Acceleration(ES/T501839/1)EPSRC through the grant for the UKCRIC Coordination Node(EP/R017727),CSIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre Phase 2(EP/N021614/1)and Research Hub for Decarbonised Adaptable and Resilient Transport Infrastructure(EP/Y024257/1)Innovate UK through the grant for Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction(920035)are gratefully acknowledged.The authors are also thankful to the members of the public who participated in the national survey and focus groups.
文摘Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of life.However,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the space distribution,reflect the inequalities existing in the fabric of our society.Motorists often have shorter travel time and more space than passengers of other modes.Furthermore,the existing transport appraisal and planning tools that frame sustainable transport policies fall short of considering the dimension of social justice.Therefore,our urban transport systems are essential areas for advancing sustainability through a transport justice-based approach to planning that can pivot the distribution of infrastructure investments over different social groups and transport modes.This study proposes such an approach by which such suitable urban transport strategies can be identified,co-created with users and appraised while considering the commuters’needs.Specifically,the interaction between the multidimensional characteristics of sustainability and the principles of transport justice are investigated.The proposed approach is applied to London and Birmingham.The results show that a transparent and holistic approach to integrating users within transport planning is an effective way to reflect diverse needs and local circumstances and thereby ensure a just transition to sustainable urban transport policies.The results from the case studies highlight a strong rationale for the centrality of justice in any urban transport planning and policy making efforts,particularly in the allocation of road space.
文摘With Picea koraiensis as the research object which have similar growth vigor in a same habitat, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, weight of dry-matter and leaf color change of Picea koraiensis in different lighting conditions were determined. Environment without light sources was taken as the control group. The results showed that different light sources and different distances from light sources to plants had diversified impact on the photosynthetic physiology of Picea koraiensis. Among these different color lights, green light had the least influence on Picea koraiensis, yellow light and purple light had greater influence.
基金one of the phased objectives of the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences' 2014 key research project "Social Construction of the Western China Society from the Production of Space Perspective"(Project No.:14ZD02)
文摘The rise of the ancient Silk Road is a model of cross-nation production of space in early human history. During the Western Han Dynasty, after a passage way to the Western regions was "hollowed out" and secured, commerce and trade along the route boomed, people started to form clusters, and towns and cities were established. Since the late Tang Dynasty, under the combined effects of natural disasters and manmade misfortunes, regions along the Silk Road in Northwest China were severely depopulated, the towns and cities declined, the ecological environment became fragile, and the social space in West China shrank dramatically. The West Development Strategy later launched by the People' s Republic of China had its focus on optimization and reconstruction of domestic social space, whereas the Belt and Road Initiative(referring respectively to "the Silk Road Economic Belt", hereinafter "the Belt", and "the 21 st-Century Maritime Silk Road", " the Road") is rooted in the planning of space for long-term development and production. In building the Belt and Road, we should take the initiative and necessary steps to manage sound top-level designs; further break down the space alienation emanating from the domestic administrative divisions, and stick to the policy of all around opening up; base the endeavor on the new types of urbanization and strengthen social construction to optimize spatial structures; pay attention to the leading role of space consumption by vigorously developing Silk Road tourism; enhance the transportation and communication infrastructure in the node cities to achieve seamless docking and deep-level integration of both social space and natural space along the Belt and Road.
文摘Based on space syntax theory, the spatial accessibility of the road network in Wuhan Metropolitan Area has been quantitatively analyzed by building a series of accessibility variables. Topologic connectivity in the accessible rings appears to be broken;traffic axis network is in spatial structure of hub-and-spoke and fishbone-like. Meanwhile, the differences in classified road network have led to inefficiency of its network servo and its ever-worsening capability to respond to traffic jams. Besides, two band-like integrated cores of which one is east to west along the Yangtze River and the other is north to south along Beijing to Guangzhou Railway, have become the first level traffic axis in the whole network, which is responsible for the connectivity of the entire metropolitan area network. This consequently has strengthened the dominant position of Wuhan which is located on the bands’ crossing. In short, the spatial accessibility of that classified space morphology, the urban system, the transport infrastructure as well as the social and economic development of Wuhan Metropolitan Area are highly interrelated to each other, especially to the high level highway network featured by freeways, the development level of which is well in line with that of road network accessibility.
文摘In recent years, the phenomenon of the middle-aged and old people vying for the venue in the park has been frequently exposed, reflecting the uneven distribution of urban parks and the lack of activity space for urban block parks. That phenomenon also shows that the grouping activity habits of the middle-aged and elderly people have affected the fair use of public resources. Based on the current situation of land use in urban block parks, this study explored the site-constrained design method in combination with behavioral scene theory, and proposed to create more equal opportunities for individuals to share public space by limiting the activity scale of middle-aged and old people.
基金Sponsored by the Innovation Training Project for College Students in Anhui Province(S202212216130)Key Research Project of Natural Science in Universities of Anhui Province(2023AH051816)General Teaching Research Project of Anhui Province(2022jyxm665).
文摘In urban road greening,the planting of ground cover flowers is essential,and herbaceous flowers are an important part.Through the investigation on the diversity of herbaceous flowers in urban road green spaces of Hefei City,the types,colors,application frequency and planting of herbaceous flowers in urban road green spaces were statistically analyzed,and the application forms of herbaceous flowers in the road greening of Hefei City were studied.The characteristics and problems of herbaceous flowers in the road greening of Hefei City were found,and some development suggestions were put forward.
基金Supported by the Special Project for Cultural Research in Xing Culture Project of Henan(2022XWH132)。
文摘To create a comfortable microclimate environment,the design methods of green layout and green structure of four common forms of urban green space(park green space,road green space,waterfront open green space,and green space between houses)were discussed,and the modes"concentric three rings"and"three-layer sandwich cake",as well as the matching principles of three-dimensional green elements of trees and shrubs with lawn and hard matrix elements,were proposed.
