As energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative continues to deepen,both traditional and new energy projects require a diverse range of talents in fields such as engineering technology,management,environmenta...As energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative continues to deepen,both traditional and new energy projects require a diverse range of talents in fields such as engineering technology,management,environmental protection,and finance.However,the current talent supply faces structural deficiencies,including a lack of international perspective among local talent,a shortage of interdisciplinary talents,and an inadequate framework for transnational mobility and educational cooperation,which severely constrains project implementation efficiency.展开更多
The ecological environment is crucial to human survival,and ecological civilization is essential to human development.Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization upholds the principle of jointly pursuing the path of...The ecological environment is crucial to human survival,and ecological civilization is essential to human development.Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization upholds the principle of jointly pursuing the path of global ecological civilization,emphasizing that“in the face of ecological and environmental challenges,humanity forms a community of shared future where all prosper together or suffer together,and no country can remain unaffected alone”.展开更多
Energy is the bedrock of national economic development and a vital pillar for achieving sustainable growth.High-quality energy cooperation is critical to ensuring sustained,stable national economic development and the...Energy is the bedrock of national economic development and a vital pillar for achieving sustainable growth.High-quality energy cooperation is critical to ensuring sustained,stable national economic development and the transformation of the energy sector.Based on the achievements of high-quality energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative,this paper systematically analyzes the current state of energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.In accordance with the intrinsic requirements for high-quality energy cooperation,and building upon the analysis and summary of prior research,this paper proposes strategies to promote high-quality energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative:(1)Innovating cooperative concepts and optimizing the cooperative environment;(2)Innovating cooperation modes and expanding the scope of cooperation;(3)Improving the cooperation mechanism and building a multi-level cooperation platform;(4)Strengthening cultural exchanges and promoting dialogue.This paper offers insights and support for fostering high-quality collaboration within the Belt and Road Initiative and enhancing international energy cooperation.展开更多
In an era of rising trade protectionism and frequent antiglobalization events,strengthening regional economic connections has important practical significance for resisting external economic shocks,improving economic ...In an era of rising trade protectionism and frequent antiglobalization events,strengthening regional economic connections has important practical significance for resisting external economic shocks,improving economic resilience,and promoting regional economic development.Based on input-output analysis,value-added decomposition,and network analysis,this paper uses long-term,multiregional input-output data to measure the spatiotemporal patterns of Asian production networks(APNs)and the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The results demonstrate that Asian countries account for a high and growing proportion,with a weak ability to capture value in global production networks(GPNs).The BRI has significantly strengthened production cooperation among Asian nations,promoting participation and strengthening abilities to capture value in GPNs.The continuous stability and strengthening of internal cooperation of APNs improves resilience from external shocks.Inside APNs,the proportions of East Asia and Southeast Asia show an overall downward trend,while South,West,and Central Asia show an increasing trend.China has also replaced Japan as the largest participant,and the rise of South Asian countries,led by India,has transformed APNs from a binary to a triple structure.In addition,China’s upstream degree index increased significantly,whereas Japan experienced the largest decline,causing a level of high-end vacancy in APNs.We propose that the most urgent task for the Asian countries to enhance APNs is to achieve stratified development and build more complete production circles.展开更多
On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that...On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that,as Latin America is a natural extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,China is willing to strengthen cooperation with Latin America,align development strategies within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),promote common development,and build a China-Latin America community with a shared future.展开更多
This study analyzes 81 NHK(Japan Broadcasting Corporation)reports on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)from January 2020 to January 2024.It examines the changing themes,strategies,and attitudes towards the BRI.Findings...This study analyzes 81 NHK(Japan Broadcasting Corporation)reports on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)from January 2020 to January 2024.It examines the changing themes,strategies,and attitudes towards the BRI.Findings reveal that during the COVID-19 pandemic,NHK focused on China’s“vaccine diplomacy”and aid,portraying China as a proactive global player,while suggesting competition.In the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the BRI forum,NHK’s coverage shifted towards geopolitics and international cooperation,showing skepticism and caution.Future efforts should emphasize improving communication with Japan to highlight the positive outcomes of the BRI and counter negative perceptions.展开更多
With the continuous promotion of the Belt and Road initiative,the sporting goods manufacturing industry,as a key sector of Chinese enterprises’“going global”strategy,is actively expanding the markets of countries a...With the continuous promotion of the Belt and Road initiative,the sporting goods manufacturing industry,as a key sector of Chinese enterprises’“going global”strategy,is actively expanding the markets of countries along the Belt and Road.However,there are significant differences in political,economic,and social environments among countries along the Belt and Road,which bring considerable uncertainties to the transnational investment of enterprises.Based on the investment environment of 70 countries along the Belt and Road,this paper constructs a risk evaluation index system including five dimensions:political and legal,economic and financial,socio-cultural,investment environment,and bilateral relations.The Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method is used to determine weight,Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method is employed to evaluate the investment risks of each country.Furthermore,cluster analysis is used to classify the countries into low,medium,and high-risk levels.Finally,policy recommendations are proposed based on the characteristics of countries with different risk levels,providing decision-making references for sporting goods manufacturing enterprises in selecting suitable countries for investment,enhancing risk prevention capabilities,and improving investment success rates.展开更多
Environmental rights are an important part of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.Soft law has played a significant role in the integrated development of the ...Environmental rights are an important part of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.Soft law has played a significant role in the integrated development of the theories of environmental rights and human rights.At the practical level,the soft law cooperation documents of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)have established general principles for the protection of environmental rights,policies for addressing climate change,standards for green investment and financing,and obligations for multinational corporations to protect the environment,making a contribution to the development and protection of environmental rights.In the future process of global environmental governance,it is necessary to start with the BRI’s soft law documents to further clarify the specific protection standards for environmental rights and promote the transformation of soft law into binding bilateral or multilateral agreements at the international level.In addition,it is essential to urge governments and enterprises to fulfill their due diligence obligations for environmental protection and strengthen information disclosure by emphasizing public interest responsibilities.Efforts should also be made to improve the environmental compliance systems of“going global”enterprises and enhance government supervision over corporate accountability for environmental rights.A corporate environmental protection accountability mechanism should be established,so as to actively promote global environmental governance in a more just and reasonable direction.展开更多
With the promotion of the“Belt and Road Initiative”,Chinese sporting goods manufacturing enterprises are increasingly active in foreign investment in countries along the route,but due to regional differences,the inv...With the promotion of the“Belt and Road Initiative”,Chinese sporting goods manufacturing enterprises are increasingly active in foreign investment in countries along the route,but due to regional differences,the investment risks they face are becoming increasingly complex.Based on CNKI and Web of Science databases,this paper systematically combines the theoretical framework and research progress of sporting goods manufacturing enterprises’outbound investment and its risk research,and focuses on analyzing the evolution,motivation,characteristics,and risk generation mechanism of enterprises’outbound investment mode.It further discusses the types and causes of investment risks,the evolution and application of risk assessment methods,and deeply analyzes the unique risk characteristics of sports manufacturing enterprises.On this basis,combined with the shortcomings of existing research,a future research direction is put forward,which provides a reference for follow-up theoretical research and practical operation.展开更多
Background:With increasing life expectancy and aging populations,Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries face various levels of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)impact.This study analyzed differences in the bu...Background:With increasing life expectancy and aging populations,Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries face various levels of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)impact.This study analyzed differences in the burden and trends of GBTC in BRI countries from 1990to 2021,providing a comprehensive understanding of geographic,temporal,and demographic variations to inform targeted public health strategies.Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we examined age-standardized incidence rate,age-standardized prevalence rate,age-standardized mortality rate,and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate of GBTC across 153 BRI countries.A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort(BAPC)model analyzed temporal trends(1990-2021)and projected future burden(2035).We assessed the relationship between sociodemographic index(SDI)and GBTC burden,conducted sex-and age-stratified analyses,and evaluated geographic disparities.Results:In 2021,global age-standardized incidence rate was 2.56/100000(216768 cases),with agestandardized prevalence rate 3.69/100000(314465 cases),age-standardized mortality rate 2.04/100000(171961 deaths),and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate 43.2/100000(3.73 million disability-adjusted life years).Geographic analysis identified Thailand,Korea,and Chile as regions with the highest age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized mortality rate.Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate correlated positively with SDI(R=0.38)across BRI countries.Between 1990and 2021,temporal trends showed age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized disabilityadjusted life year rate declined globally(-24.09/100000and-26.25/100000),but South Asia showed increased mortality rate(+33.24/100000and+28.15/100000).Globally,age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate are projected to continue declining through 2035.Sex-and age-stratified analyses revealed that age-specific incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disabilityadjusted life year rates increased with age,peaking at 85-90years.Males had higher rates at 84-94 years,but absolute cases,deaths and disability-adjusted life years were higher in females after 70years.Conclusions:GBTC burden in BRI countries varies by regions,SDI,temporal trends,and demographic factors.While overall burden declines,addressing healthcare disparities,environmental risks,and early detection gaps is crucial in high-burden countries and populations.Strengthening collaboration among BRI countries is key to mitigating GBTC burden and advancing public health initiatives.展开更多
An international consensus is emerging around the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) proposed by the Chinese government, with a growing number of countries seeing it as a way of jointly exploring new international economic...An international consensus is emerging around the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) proposed by the Chinese government, with a growing number of countries seeing it as a way of jointly exploring new international economic governance mechanisms. Meanwhile, with the crisis of neo-liberalism, economic globalization has arrived at a crossroad. In particular, incessant voices speak out against globalization, making the quest for a new way of promoting global development a major challenge. In this context, more and more political elites and scholars consider that the BRI opens up a possible new globalization path, amongst which inclusive globalization warrants exploration. On the basis of a brief analysis of the course and mechanism of global economic expansion and the limitations of neo-liberal globalization, along with the putting into practice of the BRI, this paper outlines some of the core features of inclusive globalization, i.e., inclusive growth with effective and efficient government regulation; inclusive infrastructure development; inclusive development paths chosen nationally that suit national conditions; inclusive participation; and cultural inclusiveness. Although these features are not sufficient to characterize fully inclusive globalization, they do identify some directions for future research, and provide elements of a discursive construction of the BRI.展开更多
Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards loca...Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.展开更多
Unimpeded trade is one of the cooperation priorities in the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. On 15 May 2017, the Joint Communique of the Leaders Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Coope...Unimpeded trade is one of the cooperation priorities in the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. On 15 May 2017, the Joint Communique of the Leaders Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation reaffirmed the participants＇ shared commitment to build an open economy and ensure free and inclusive trade. The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） is not only China＇s new action to drive its open and global develoPment, but also a platform for an increasing number of countries to explore free and inclusive trade and promote a universal, rule-based, open, non-discriminatory, and equitable multilateral trade system. It is therefore important to examine BRI and global trade networks. More specifically, the topological relationship between the this article first analyzes the community structure of trade networks using a community detection algorithm, and then estimates the topological relationship between different trade communities. The findings of this article are as follows. First, this research identified three trade communities and two sub-communities in the BRI trade network, in which China is the core, Russia is the sub-core of the biggest trade community, and India, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia are cores of the second trade community （South Asia-West Asia）. Second, it identified five trade communities in the global trade network, centred on China, USA, Russia, India-United Arab Emirates, and Ger- many-Netherlands-France-Britain and other European developed countries. Third, the topo- logical analysis indicated that in the global trade network, most BRI countries are attracted by the core nodes of the BRI regions, such as the China, Russia and India-United Arab Emirates core nodes, and have strong trade contacts with BRI countries. Most Central-East European countries are mainly attracted by Germany-Netherlands-France-Britain and other developed European countries with a low penetration of BRI trade. Although some Southeast Asian countries are incorporated into the Asia-Australia-South Africa community with China as the core, they still need to strengthen trade linkages with BRI countries.展开更多
The spatial interaction model is an effective way to explore the geographical disparities inherent in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) by simulating spatial flows. The traditional gravity model implies the hypothesis...The spatial interaction model is an effective way to explore the geographical disparities inherent in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) by simulating spatial flows. The traditional gravity model implies the hypothesis of equilibrium points without any reference to when or how to achieve it. In this paper, a dynamic gravity model was established based on the Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt) theory to estimate and monitor the interconnection intensity and dynamic characters of bilateral relations. In order to detect the determinants of interconnection intensity, a Geodetector method was applied to identify and evaluate the determinants of spatial networks in five dimensions. The empirical study clearly demonstrates a heterogeneous and non-circular spatial structure. The main driving forces of spatial-temporal evolution are foreign direct investment, tourism and railway infrastructure construction, while determinants in different sub-regions show obvious spatial differentiation. Southeast Asian countries are typically multi-island area where aviation infrastructure plays a more important role. North and Central Asian countries regard oil as a pillar industry where power and port facilities have a greater impact on the interconnection. While Western Asian countries are mostly influenced by the railway infrastructure, Eastern European countries already have relatively robust infrastructure where tariff policies provide a greater impetus.展开更多
The global value chains have become the core skeleton of the global economy.As a large-scale international cooperation initiative,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI hereafter)may have a significant impact on the global ...The global value chains have become the core skeleton of the global economy.As a large-scale international cooperation initiative,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI hereafter)may have a significant impact on the global economic landscape.In this context,the spatiotemporal pattern and evolution of the value chain connection of the Silk Road countries and whether the BRI will promote the value chain connections between China and these countries are important research questions for understanding the changing global economic landscape.This paper employs input-output analysis,network analysis and difference-in-differences based on Propensity Score Matching(PSM-DID)to conduct an in-depth quantitative study of these questions.The results show that,first,the overall value chain connection between China and the Silk Road countries has been rising since 2001.From the perspective of geographical distribution,Southeast Asia is the highest value chain connection region with China,and the growth in the central and eastern Europe is the most significant,whereas the central Asia is the lowest value connection region.From the perspective of complex network analysis,China’s position in the network of value flow among the Silk Road countries has been increasing continuously,and it has been in the lead position since 2008.Besides,the implementation of the BRI has had a significant positive influence on the overall value chain connection between China and the Silk Road countries,but this positive influence is limited to the central and eastern Europe region,whereas it is not significant in other regions.Finally,this paper suggests that to promote the development of value chain connection,the Silk Road countries need to develop more specific policies related to value chains.Policymakers need to be able to correctly identify the comparative advantages of the region and the types of value chains that are compatible with them and then find suitable partners and formulate targeted promotion policies.展开更多
China’s Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)presents the world with a new era of inclusive globalization,which will shape urbanization patterns globally.This study considered the launch of BRI as a quasi-experiment,where we...China’s Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)presents the world with a new era of inclusive globalization,which will shape urbanization patterns globally.This study considered the launch of BRI as a quasi-experiment,where we evaluated the BRI’s impact on urbanization by way of difference-in-differences(DID)and propensity score matching(PSM)methods.The results showed that the BRI exerted a significantly negative effect on urbanization in its first three years.Its positive effect emerged from the fifth year onwards,indicating that the BRI’s positive effect on urbanization required a period of practical experience.Heterogeneous analysis and placebo test were also conducted to verify the robustness of the model.The effects in low-income countries were revealed to have been much greater than in high-income countries,meaning the BRI had been conducive to promote local urban growth in underdeveloped economies.Finally,the geographical detector model was introduced to discuss the influencing mechanism of urbanization in BRI and non-BRI countries,showing external factors were the prominent driving forces in BRI countries,whereas internal drivers played an important role in non-BRI countries.Our findings indicated that the implementation of the BRI contributed to building global economic growth and supporting a shared future.展开更多
This article contributes to a small but growing body of multi-sited and multi-scalar research on the Belt and Road Initiative.We focus on relations at the national,regional and international scales,and present origina...This article contributes to a small but growing body of multi-sited and multi-scalar research on the Belt and Road Initiative.We focus on relations at the national,regional and international scales,and present original research from China and Turkey,to show how the Istanbul-Ankara high-speed railway has served as a testing ground for China's Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Its construction was initially funded by the European Investment Bank,but it is now part of the backbone of the Turkish Government's Middle Corridor plan which enhances west-east connectivity and integration with the Caucasus and Central Asia.We show that in contrast to multinational corporations from the OECD that seek to remain footloose,Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)seek to adapt to,apprehend and ultimately shape local institutions.In the case of Turkey this proved difficult given its institutional alignment with the European Union.Thus,while the railway project was completed successfully by a consortium led by a Chinese SOE,Turkey's dynamic and complex regulatory environment discourages Chinese SOEs in the infrastructure sector.We conclude that the Turkish and Chinese governments are currently pursuing complementary territorial visions yet their cooperation is project-based and pragmatic.展开更多
Newspaper reports contain some attitudes in seemingly objective words. This corpus-based discourse analytical study,by comparing the use of semantic prosodies in the reports from China Daily and the Washington Post re...Newspaper reports contain some attitudes in seemingly objective words. This corpus-based discourse analytical study,by comparing the use of semantic prosodies in the reports from China Daily and the Washington Post relating the Belt and Road Initiative, interprets the news attitudes presented by the two media toward it. The analysis of the news discourse will be carried out firstly with Antconc, a corpus analysis software which enables us to observe the most frequent co-occurrences of the phrases the Belt and Road, One Belt and One Road, New Silk Road and the initiative; and then COCA(Corpus of Contemporary American English) is involved to analyze the semantic prosodies of these co-occurrences, on this basis the semantic prosodies of the above phrases are revealed. The analysis of the semantic prosodies of the above four phrases in the two corpora shows that China Daily hold a supportive attitude toward the Initiative, while the Washington Post hold a complex one.展开更多
With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of inv...With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM(1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022-2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decisionmaking recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.展开更多
基金2024 Western Project of the National Social Science Fund,"Research on Promotion Strategies and Implementation Paths for High-Quality Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative"(No.24XGJ002)PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company Scientific Research Project,"Research on the Construction of Professional Technical Talent Teams in the PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company"(No.2024D111-01-03)Chengdu soft science research project titled"Research on the Path to Achieve High-quality Clean Energy Cooperation between Chengdu and Countries along the Belt and Road"(No.2025-RK00-00088-ZF).
文摘As energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative continues to deepen,both traditional and new energy projects require a diverse range of talents in fields such as engineering technology,management,environmental protection,and finance.However,the current talent supply faces structural deficiencies,including a lack of international perspective among local talent,a shortage of interdisciplinary talents,and an inadequate framework for transnational mobility and educational cooperation,which severely constrains project implementation efficiency.
文摘The ecological environment is crucial to human survival,and ecological civilization is essential to human development.Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization upholds the principle of jointly pursuing the path of global ecological civilization,emphasizing that“in the face of ecological and environmental challenges,humanity forms a community of shared future where all prosper together or suffer together,and no country can remain unaffected alone”.
基金National Social Science Fund Western Project,“Promoting strategies and realization paths for high-quality energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative”(Grant No.24XGJ002)。
文摘Energy is the bedrock of national economic development and a vital pillar for achieving sustainable growth.High-quality energy cooperation is critical to ensuring sustained,stable national economic development and the transformation of the energy sector.Based on the achievements of high-quality energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative,this paper systematically analyzes the current state of energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.In accordance with the intrinsic requirements for high-quality energy cooperation,and building upon the analysis and summary of prior research,this paper proposes strategies to promote high-quality energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative:(1)Innovating cooperative concepts and optimizing the cooperative environment;(2)Innovating cooperation modes and expanding the scope of cooperation;(3)Improving the cooperation mechanism and building a multi-level cooperation platform;(4)Strengthening cultural exchanges and promoting dialogue.This paper offers insights and support for fostering high-quality collaboration within the Belt and Road Initiative and enhancing international energy cooperation.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42201188)。
文摘In an era of rising trade protectionism and frequent antiglobalization events,strengthening regional economic connections has important practical significance for resisting external economic shocks,improving economic resilience,and promoting regional economic development.Based on input-output analysis,value-added decomposition,and network analysis,this paper uses long-term,multiregional input-output data to measure the spatiotemporal patterns of Asian production networks(APNs)and the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The results demonstrate that Asian countries account for a high and growing proportion,with a weak ability to capture value in global production networks(GPNs).The BRI has significantly strengthened production cooperation among Asian nations,promoting participation and strengthening abilities to capture value in GPNs.The continuous stability and strengthening of internal cooperation of APNs improves resilience from external shocks.Inside APNs,the proportions of East Asia and Southeast Asia show an overall downward trend,while South,West,and Central Asia show an increasing trend.China has also replaced Japan as the largest participant,and the rise of South Asian countries,led by India,has transformed APNs from a binary to a triple structure.In addition,China’s upstream degree index increased significantly,whereas Japan experienced the largest decline,causing a level of high-end vacancy in APNs.We propose that the most urgent task for the Asian countries to enhance APNs is to achieve stratified development and build more complete production circles.
文摘On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that,as Latin America is a natural extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,China is willing to strengthen cooperation with Latin America,align development strategies within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),promote common development,and build a China-Latin America community with a shared future.
基金supported by the Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Teaching Reform Project,“Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Elementary Japanese Courses:A Multidimensional Integration from Language Origins to Social Issues”(Project Number:XJWC3202449).
文摘This study analyzes 81 NHK(Japan Broadcasting Corporation)reports on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)from January 2020 to January 2024.It examines the changing themes,strategies,and attitudes towards the BRI.Findings reveal that during the COVID-19 pandemic,NHK focused on China’s“vaccine diplomacy”and aid,portraying China as a proactive global player,while suggesting competition.In the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the BRI forum,NHK’s coverage shifted towards geopolitics and international cooperation,showing skepticism and caution.Future efforts should emphasize improving communication with Japan to highlight the positive outcomes of the BRI and counter negative perceptions.
文摘With the continuous promotion of the Belt and Road initiative,the sporting goods manufacturing industry,as a key sector of Chinese enterprises’“going global”strategy,is actively expanding the markets of countries along the Belt and Road.However,there are significant differences in political,economic,and social environments among countries along the Belt and Road,which bring considerable uncertainties to the transnational investment of enterprises.Based on the investment environment of 70 countries along the Belt and Road,this paper constructs a risk evaluation index system including five dimensions:political and legal,economic and financial,socio-cultural,investment environment,and bilateral relations.The Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method is used to determine weight,Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method is employed to evaluate the investment risks of each country.Furthermore,cluster analysis is used to classify the countries into low,medium,and high-risk levels.Finally,policy recommendations are proposed based on the characteristics of countries with different risk levels,providing decision-making references for sporting goods manufacturing enterprises in selecting suitable countries for investment,enhancing risk prevention capabilities,and improving investment success rates.
文摘Environmental rights are an important part of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.Soft law has played a significant role in the integrated development of the theories of environmental rights and human rights.At the practical level,the soft law cooperation documents of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)have established general principles for the protection of environmental rights,policies for addressing climate change,standards for green investment and financing,and obligations for multinational corporations to protect the environment,making a contribution to the development and protection of environmental rights.In the future process of global environmental governance,it is necessary to start with the BRI’s soft law documents to further clarify the specific protection standards for environmental rights and promote the transformation of soft law into binding bilateral or multilateral agreements at the international level.In addition,it is essential to urge governments and enterprises to fulfill their due diligence obligations for environmental protection and strengthen information disclosure by emphasizing public interest responsibilities.Efforts should also be made to improve the environmental compliance systems of“going global”enterprises and enhance government supervision over corporate accountability for environmental rights.A corporate environmental protection accountability mechanism should be established,so as to actively promote global environmental governance in a more just and reasonable direction.
文摘With the promotion of the“Belt and Road Initiative”,Chinese sporting goods manufacturing enterprises are increasingly active in foreign investment in countries along the route,but due to regional differences,the investment risks they face are becoming increasingly complex.Based on CNKI and Web of Science databases,this paper systematically combines the theoretical framework and research progress of sporting goods manufacturing enterprises’outbound investment and its risk research,and focuses on analyzing the evolution,motivation,characteristics,and risk generation mechanism of enterprises’outbound investment mode.It further discusses the types and causes of investment risks,the evolution and application of risk assessment methods,and deeply analyzes the unique risk characteristics of sports manufacturing enterprises.On this basis,combined with the shortcomings of existing research,a future research direction is put forward,which provides a reference for follow-up theoretical research and practical operation.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82000618)。
文摘Background:With increasing life expectancy and aging populations,Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries face various levels of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)impact.This study analyzed differences in the burden and trends of GBTC in BRI countries from 1990to 2021,providing a comprehensive understanding of geographic,temporal,and demographic variations to inform targeted public health strategies.Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we examined age-standardized incidence rate,age-standardized prevalence rate,age-standardized mortality rate,and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate of GBTC across 153 BRI countries.A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort(BAPC)model analyzed temporal trends(1990-2021)and projected future burden(2035).We assessed the relationship between sociodemographic index(SDI)and GBTC burden,conducted sex-and age-stratified analyses,and evaluated geographic disparities.Results:In 2021,global age-standardized incidence rate was 2.56/100000(216768 cases),with agestandardized prevalence rate 3.69/100000(314465 cases),age-standardized mortality rate 2.04/100000(171961 deaths),and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate 43.2/100000(3.73 million disability-adjusted life years).Geographic analysis identified Thailand,Korea,and Chile as regions with the highest age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized mortality rate.Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate correlated positively with SDI(R=0.38)across BRI countries.Between 1990and 2021,temporal trends showed age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized disabilityadjusted life year rate declined globally(-24.09/100000and-26.25/100000),but South Asia showed increased mortality rate(+33.24/100000and+28.15/100000).Globally,age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate are projected to continue declining through 2035.Sex-and age-stratified analyses revealed that age-specific incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disabilityadjusted life year rates increased with age,peaking at 85-90years.Males had higher rates at 84-94 years,but absolute cases,deaths and disability-adjusted life years were higher in females after 70years.Conclusions:GBTC burden in BRI countries varies by regions,SDI,temporal trends,and demographic factors.While overall burden declines,addressing healthcare disparities,environmental risks,and early detection gaps is crucial in high-burden countries and populations.Strengthening collaboration among BRI countries is key to mitigating GBTC burden and advancing public health initiatives.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41530751National Social Science Foundation of China,No.17VDL008The Project of Bureau of International Cooperation of the CAS,No.131A11KYSB20170014
文摘An international consensus is emerging around the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) proposed by the Chinese government, with a growing number of countries seeing it as a way of jointly exploring new international economic governance mechanisms. Meanwhile, with the crisis of neo-liberalism, economic globalization has arrived at a crossroad. In particular, incessant voices speak out against globalization, making the quest for a new way of promoting global development a major challenge. In this context, more and more political elites and scholars consider that the BRI opens up a possible new globalization path, amongst which inclusive globalization warrants exploration. On the basis of a brief analysis of the course and mechanism of global economic expansion and the limitations of neo-liberal globalization, along with the putting into practice of the BRI, this paper outlines some of the core features of inclusive globalization, i.e., inclusive growth with effective and efficient government regulation; inclusive infrastructure development; inclusive development paths chosen nationally that suit national conditions; inclusive participation; and cultural inclusiveness. Although these features are not sufficient to characterize fully inclusive globalization, they do identify some directions for future research, and provide elements of a discursive construction of the BRI.
基金supported by the International partnership program (Grant No.131551KYSB20160002)National Natural Science Foundation Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project (Grant No.41520104002)Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Science (Grant No.KFJSTS-ZDTP-015)
文摘Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.
基金CAS Priority Research Program,No.XDA20010102National Social Science Foundation of China,No.17VDL008
文摘Unimpeded trade is one of the cooperation priorities in the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. On 15 May 2017, the Joint Communique of the Leaders Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation reaffirmed the participants＇ shared commitment to build an open economy and ensure free and inclusive trade. The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） is not only China＇s new action to drive its open and global develoPment, but also a platform for an increasing number of countries to explore free and inclusive trade and promote a universal, rule-based, open, non-discriminatory, and equitable multilateral trade system. It is therefore important to examine BRI and global trade networks. More specifically, the topological relationship between the this article first analyzes the community structure of trade networks using a community detection algorithm, and then estimates the topological relationship between different trade communities. The findings of this article are as follows. First, this research identified three trade communities and two sub-communities in the BRI trade network, in which China is the core, Russia is the sub-core of the biggest trade community, and India, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia are cores of the second trade community （South Asia-West Asia）. Second, it identified five trade communities in the global trade network, centred on China, USA, Russia, India-United Arab Emirates, and Ger- many-Netherlands-France-Britain and other European developed countries. Third, the topo- logical analysis indicated that in the global trade network, most BRI countries are attracted by the core nodes of the BRI regions, such as the China, Russia and India-United Arab Emirates core nodes, and have strong trade contacts with BRI countries. Most Central-East European countries are mainly attracted by Germany-Netherlands-France-Britain and other developed European countries with a low penetration of BRI trade. Although some Southeast Asian countries are incorporated into the Asia-Australia-South Africa community with China as the core, they still need to strengthen trade linkages with BRI countries.
基金the auspices of A Category of Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA20010101)。
文摘The spatial interaction model is an effective way to explore the geographical disparities inherent in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) by simulating spatial flows. The traditional gravity model implies the hypothesis of equilibrium points without any reference to when or how to achieve it. In this paper, a dynamic gravity model was established based on the Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt) theory to estimate and monitor the interconnection intensity and dynamic characters of bilateral relations. In order to detect the determinants of interconnection intensity, a Geodetector method was applied to identify and evaluate the determinants of spatial networks in five dimensions. The empirical study clearly demonstrates a heterogeneous and non-circular spatial structure. The main driving forces of spatial-temporal evolution are foreign direct investment, tourism and railway infrastructure construction, while determinants in different sub-regions show obvious spatial differentiation. Southeast Asian countries are typically multi-island area where aviation infrastructure plays a more important role. North and Central Asian countries regard oil as a pillar industry where power and port facilities have a greater impact on the interconnection. While Western Asian countries are mostly influenced by the railway infrastructure, Eastern European countries already have relatively robust infrastructure where tariff policies provide a greater impetus.
基金Under the auspices of Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA20080000)。
文摘The global value chains have become the core skeleton of the global economy.As a large-scale international cooperation initiative,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI hereafter)may have a significant impact on the global economic landscape.In this context,the spatiotemporal pattern and evolution of the value chain connection of the Silk Road countries and whether the BRI will promote the value chain connections between China and these countries are important research questions for understanding the changing global economic landscape.This paper employs input-output analysis,network analysis and difference-in-differences based on Propensity Score Matching(PSM-DID)to conduct an in-depth quantitative study of these questions.The results show that,first,the overall value chain connection between China and the Silk Road countries has been rising since 2001.From the perspective of geographical distribution,Southeast Asia is the highest value chain connection region with China,and the growth in the central and eastern Europe is the most significant,whereas the central Asia is the lowest value connection region.From the perspective of complex network analysis,China’s position in the network of value flow among the Silk Road countries has been increasing continuously,and it has been in the lead position since 2008.Besides,the implementation of the BRI has had a significant positive influence on the overall value chain connection between China and the Silk Road countries,but this positive influence is limited to the central and eastern Europe region,whereas it is not significant in other regions.Finally,this paper suggests that to promote the development of value chain connection,the Silk Road countries need to develop more specific policies related to value chains.Policymakers need to be able to correctly identify the comparative advantages of the region and the types of value chains that are compatible with them and then find suitable partners and formulate targeted promotion policies.
基金The Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program,No.2021xjkk0905Strategic Priority Research Program of the CASPan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road,No.XDA20040402。
文摘China’s Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)presents the world with a new era of inclusive globalization,which will shape urbanization patterns globally.This study considered the launch of BRI as a quasi-experiment,where we evaluated the BRI’s impact on urbanization by way of difference-in-differences(DID)and propensity score matching(PSM)methods.The results showed that the BRI exerted a significantly negative effect on urbanization in its first three years.Its positive effect emerged from the fifth year onwards,indicating that the BRI’s positive effect on urbanization required a period of practical experience.Heterogeneous analysis and placebo test were also conducted to verify the robustness of the model.The effects in low-income countries were revealed to have been much greater than in high-income countries,meaning the BRI had been conducive to promote local urban growth in underdeveloped economies.Finally,the geographical detector model was introduced to discuss the influencing mechanism of urbanization in BRI and non-BRI countries,showing external factors were the prominent driving forces in BRI countries,whereas internal drivers played an important role in non-BRI countries.Our findings indicated that the implementation of the BRI contributed to building global economic growth and supporting a shared future.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA20010102National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871115,No.41530751British Academy Newton Advanced Fellowship,No.NAF2R2/100172。
文摘This article contributes to a small but growing body of multi-sited and multi-scalar research on the Belt and Road Initiative.We focus on relations at the national,regional and international scales,and present original research from China and Turkey,to show how the Istanbul-Ankara high-speed railway has served as a testing ground for China's Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Its construction was initially funded by the European Investment Bank,but it is now part of the backbone of the Turkish Government's Middle Corridor plan which enhances west-east connectivity and integration with the Caucasus and Central Asia.We show that in contrast to multinational corporations from the OECD that seek to remain footloose,Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)seek to adapt to,apprehend and ultimately shape local institutions.In the case of Turkey this proved difficult given its institutional alignment with the European Union.Thus,while the railway project was completed successfully by a consortium led by a Chinese SOE,Turkey's dynamic and complex regulatory environment discourages Chinese SOEs in the infrastructure sector.We conclude that the Turkish and Chinese governments are currently pursuing complementary territorial visions yet their cooperation is project-based and pragmatic.
文摘Newspaper reports contain some attitudes in seemingly objective words. This corpus-based discourse analytical study,by comparing the use of semantic prosodies in the reports from China Daily and the Washington Post relating the Belt and Road Initiative, interprets the news attitudes presented by the two media toward it. The analysis of the news discourse will be carried out firstly with Antconc, a corpus analysis software which enables us to observe the most frequent co-occurrences of the phrases the Belt and Road, One Belt and One Road, New Silk Road and the initiative; and then COCA(Corpus of Contemporary American English) is involved to analyze the semantic prosodies of these co-occurrences, on this basis the semantic prosodies of the above phrases are revealed. The analysis of the semantic prosodies of the above four phrases in the two corpora shows that China Daily hold a supportive attitude toward the Initiative, while the Washington Post hold a complex one.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71934004)Key Projects of the National Social Science Foundation(23AZD065)the Project of the CNOOC Energy Economics Institute(EEI-2022-IESA0009)。
文摘With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM(1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022-2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decisionmaking recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.
