Based on economics theory,social value loss caused by vehicle involved in crashes as well as various factors influencing on it were analyzed,the corresponding mi- cro-econometrics model was theoretically given.Moreove...Based on economics theory,social value loss caused by vehicle involved in crashes as well as various factors influencing on it were analyzed,the corresponding mi- cro-econometrics model was theoretically given.Moreover,the practicability of the model, the veracity and rationality of quantification were analyzed.Based on probability theory and mathematical statistical theory,macro approach to evaluating vehicle damage in crashes was presented,and the corresponding macro-econometrics model was con- structed.In addition,the macro-econometrics model was utilized to assess economic loss from statistical data of vehicle damaged in crashes,which has shown that the model can meet the demand of quantification analysis of vehicle damage,and be applied to the evaluation of economic loss caused by crashes.The results in this paper will be of practic- al significance for scientific,comprehensive and rational evaluating socio-economic loss caused by road crashes.展开更多
Commuting road crashes are road traffic crashes that involve workers while travelling in the course of work.The more worker travels,the higher the probability of the occurrence of commuting road crashes.The aim of thi...Commuting road crashes are road traffic crashes that involve workers while travelling in the course of work.The more worker travels,the higher the probability of the occurrence of commuting road crashes.The aim of this study was to determine baseline sociodemographic,employment and injury and characteristics of injured workers who survived from commuting road crash.Eligible 200 workers who were involved in commuting road crash were identified and invited to be part of this study.Sociodemographic,employment and injury-related questions were distributed to identified and consented injured workers.Majority(79.5%)of the respondents were aged 25 years old or older,male(86.0%),married or divorced(63.5%),and attained secondary and below education level at secondary or below(66.0%).Most of the injured workers consisted of blue-collar workers(69%),had fracture injury(93.0%),and had injury to their lower limbs(48.5%).A higher percentage(63.5%)of injured workers had returned to work compared to those who were still not working(36.5%)after involved in commuting road crash.Commuting road crashes are common to blue collar workers as they are more prone to use motorcycles to commute due to cheaper price compare to other type of transportation such as car.展开更多
Run-off-road crashes in the United States have become a major cause of serious injuries and fatalities. A significant portion of run-off-road crashes are single vehicle crashes that occur due to collisions with fixed ...Run-off-road crashes in the United States have become a major cause of serious injuries and fatalities. A significant portion of run-off-road crashes are single vehicle crashes that occur due to collisions with fixed objects and overturning. These crashes typically tend to be more severe than other types of crashes. Single vehicle run-off-road crashes that occurred between 2004 and 2008 were extracted from Kansas Accident Reporting System (KARS) database to identify the important factors that affected their severity. Different driver, vehicle, road, crash, and environment related factors that influence crash severity are identified by using binary logit models. Three models were developed to take different levels of crash severity as the response variables. The first model taking fatal or incapacitating crashes as the response variable seems to better fit the data than the other two developed models. The variables that were found to increase the probability of run-off-road crash severity are driver related factors such as driver ejection, being an older driver, alcohol involvement, license state, driver being at fault, medical condition of the driver;road related factors such as speed, asphalt road surface, dry road condition;time related factors such as crashes occurring between 6 pm and midnight;environment related factors such as daylight;vehicle related factors such as being an SUV, motorcycles, vehicle getting destroyed or disabled, vehicle maneuver being straight or passing;and fixed object types such as trees and ditches.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> In Benin, motorcycle taxi drivers make up a significant portion of road transport. The use of psychoactive substances, a behavior recognized as being at risk of road crashes, i...<strong>Background:</strong> In Benin, motorcycle taxi drivers make up a significant portion of road transport. The use of psychoactive substances, a behavior recognized as being at risk of road crashes, is frequent in this group. This study aimed to analyze the association between the consumption of psychoactive substances and the occurrence of road crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study involving 430 motorcycle taxi drivers selected from motorcycle taxi stands in Cotonou (Benin) using a two-stage cluster sampling technique. An interview with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which took place in March and April 2019. Alcohol, tramadol, and tobacco were the psychoactive substances considered in this study and their daily use was investigated. A binary logistic regression was used for the analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> Among the motorcycle taxi drivers surveyed, 27.79% (95% CI = 23.71 - 32.25) were involved in a road crash. The prevalence of psychoactive substances daily use was: 30.41% (95% CI = 26.17 - 35.00) for alcohol, 28.50% (95% CI = 24.37 - 33.02) for tramadol and 4.03% (95% CI = 2.51 - 6.42) for tobacco. Alcohol daily consumption (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.27 - 3.45, p = 0.004) was associated with a significant risk of road crashes. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Interventions aiming to reduce psychoactive substances use should, therefore, be included in road safety policies, especially for this group.展开更多
More than 32,000 motorists are killed on U.S. roads and streets annually, and approximately 54% of the accidents occur on rural roads. In an attempt to address and reduce these fatalities, the current transportation a...More than 32,000 motorists are killed on U.S. roads and streets annually, and approximately 54% of the accidents occur on rural roads. In an attempt to address and reduce these fatalities, the current transportation act, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equality Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETY-LU), elevated the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) to a core program and included a $90,000,000 High-Risk Rural Road Program (HRRRP) to address and significantly reduce traffic fatalities and incapacitating injuries on rural major or minor collectors, and/or rural local roads. While there were many challenges to properly implement the HRRRP in counties, this study provided important information that was needed to identify the predominant crash types on HRRRP-eligible roads and compiled a list of countermeasures for the predominant crash types that were identified on Kansas’ high-risk rural roads. For the gathered countermeasures, crash reduction factors (CRFs) were also provided from the literature review, and their values were validated by conducting interviews with Kansas county engineers/officials. This study provided valuable information for the county engineers and local government officials while they worked on improving the safety of high-risk rural roads using HRRRP funds.展开更多
Road traffic crash data are useful tools to support the development, implementation, and assessment of highway safety programs that tend to reduce road traffic crashes. Collecting road traffic crash data aims at gaini...Road traffic crash data are useful tools to support the development, implementation, and assessment of highway safety programs that tend to reduce road traffic crashes. Collecting road traffic crash data aims at gaining a better understanding of road traffic operational problems, locating hazardous road sections, identifying risk factors, developing accurate diagnosis and remedial measures, and evaluating the effectiveness of road safety programs. Furthermore, they can be used by many agencies and businesses such as: law enforcements to identify persons at fault in road traffic crashes;insurers seeking facts about traffic crash claims;road safety researchers to access traffic crash reliable database;decision makers to develop long-term, statewide strategic plans for traffic and highway safety;and highway safety administrators to help educate the public. Given the practical importance of vehicle crash data, this paper presents an overview of the sources, trends and problems associated with road traffic crash data.展开更多
Sfax is one of the Tunisian governorates with a large number of road accidents, injuries and fatalities every year. This study aimed to analyze and map traffic accidents in this governorate. We analyzed the spatial di...Sfax is one of the Tunisian governorates with a large number of road accidents, injuries and fatalities every year. This study aimed to analyze and map traffic accidents in this governorate. We analyzed the spatial distribution of accidents, their distribution by cause, by type of road, by size of traffic, by months of the year and days of the week. Accidents were correlated with several variables such as population numbers and densities, motorization rate, length and structure of the road network, and the amount of traffic. On the cartographic level, we have built a database, through which we have produced a series of thematic maps to argue this analysis. Through cartographic production, we also aimed to help road users, decision-makers and researchers in <span>this area and in the field of transport. This work showed that Sfax occupies, among the other Tunisian governorates, an advanced position in gravity. Various human, climatic and technical factors explained this situation, of which human factors were the most important, and contributed </span></span><span style="font-family:"">to</span><span style="font-family:""> almost</span><span style="font-family:""> 90% of accidents. The current situation of accidents in Sfax requires a series of measures and actions to alleviate and mitigate the gravity of this phenomenon.展开更多
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extr...Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from hospital records of patients who got involved in auto-tricycle crashes and presented to the Accident and Emergency Centre of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), over a one-year period using a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were then entered into an electronic database and then analysed with SPSS version 20.0. Results: The incidence of injury following auto-tricycle crashes over the one-year period was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9% - 7.0%) with a case fatality rate (FR) of 3.8% (95% CI: 1.3% - 8.7%). All the mortalities resulted from head and neck injuries and none of the patients involved wore a crash helmet. Only 5% of those studied wore crash helmets and were all drivers. Closed fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, followed by open fractures, 28%. The most commonly fractured bones were the tibia/fibula, followed by the femur and then radius/ulna. The most common mechanism of injury was auto-tricycle toppling over (29%). Passengers were the most injured (48%), followed by drivers (37%) and pedestrians (15%). Most (72%) injuries among participants involved a single body part. On the injury severity scale, most (61%) of patients had minor trauma and 38% had major trauma. Conclusion: Auto-tricycle crashes account for 5.9% of injuries at the study site with a case fatality rate of 3.8%. Passengers had a higher injury rate (48%) than drivers (37%). Fractures of the tibia/fibula were most commonly associated with auto-tricycle crashes. Injuries to the head and neck were responsible for the deaths in the study participants and non-use of a crash helmet was associated with mortalities.展开更多
Due to the need to update the current guidelines for highway design to focus on safety, this study sought to build an accident prediction model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for single-lane rural highway...Due to the need to update the current guidelines for highway design to focus on safety, this study sought to build an accident prediction model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for single-lane rural highways, with a minimum of statistically significant variables, adequate to the Brazilian reality, and improve accident prediction for places with similar characteristics. A database was created to associate the accident records with the geometric parameters of the highway and to fill in the gaps left by the absence of geometric highway plans through geometric reconstitution or semi-automatic extraction of highways using satellite images. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method was applied to estimate the coefficients of the model, assuming negative distribution of the binomial error for the count of observed accidents. The accident frequency and annual average daily traffic (AADT) were analyzed, along with the spatial and geometric characteristics of 215 km of federal single-lane rural highways between 2007 and 2016. The GEE procedure was applied to two models having three variations of distinct homogeneous segmentation, two based on segments and one based on the kernel density estimator. To assess the effect of constant traffic, two more variations of the models using AADT as an offset variable were considered. The predominant correlation structure in the models was the exchangeable. The principal contributing factors for the occurrence of collisions were the radius of the horizontal curve, the grade, segment length, and the AADT. The study produced clear indicators for the design parameters of roadways that influence the safety performance of rural highways.展开更多
基金Communications Bureau of Shandong Province(2005R17)
文摘Based on economics theory,social value loss caused by vehicle involved in crashes as well as various factors influencing on it were analyzed,the corresponding mi- cro-econometrics model was theoretically given.Moreover,the practicability of the model, the veracity and rationality of quantification were analyzed.Based on probability theory and mathematical statistical theory,macro approach to evaluating vehicle damage in crashes was presented,and the corresponding macro-econometrics model was con- structed.In addition,the macro-econometrics model was utilized to assess economic loss from statistical data of vehicle damaged in crashes,which has shown that the model can meet the demand of quantification analysis of vehicle damage,and be applied to the evaluation of economic loss caused by crashes.The results in this paper will be of practic- al significance for scientific,comprehensive and rational evaluating socio-economic loss caused by road crashes.
基金This research was supported via seed funding from the Social Security Organization(SOCSO),Malaysia.
文摘Commuting road crashes are road traffic crashes that involve workers while travelling in the course of work.The more worker travels,the higher the probability of the occurrence of commuting road crashes.The aim of this study was to determine baseline sociodemographic,employment and injury and characteristics of injured workers who survived from commuting road crash.Eligible 200 workers who were involved in commuting road crash were identified and invited to be part of this study.Sociodemographic,employment and injury-related questions were distributed to identified and consented injured workers.Majority(79.5%)of the respondents were aged 25 years old or older,male(86.0%),married or divorced(63.5%),and attained secondary and below education level at secondary or below(66.0%).Most of the injured workers consisted of blue-collar workers(69%),had fracture injury(93.0%),and had injury to their lower limbs(48.5%).A higher percentage(63.5%)of injured workers had returned to work compared to those who were still not working(36.5%)after involved in commuting road crash.Commuting road crashes are common to blue collar workers as they are more prone to use motorcycles to commute due to cheaper price compare to other type of transportation such as car.
文摘Run-off-road crashes in the United States have become a major cause of serious injuries and fatalities. A significant portion of run-off-road crashes are single vehicle crashes that occur due to collisions with fixed objects and overturning. These crashes typically tend to be more severe than other types of crashes. Single vehicle run-off-road crashes that occurred between 2004 and 2008 were extracted from Kansas Accident Reporting System (KARS) database to identify the important factors that affected their severity. Different driver, vehicle, road, crash, and environment related factors that influence crash severity are identified by using binary logit models. Three models were developed to take different levels of crash severity as the response variables. The first model taking fatal or incapacitating crashes as the response variable seems to better fit the data than the other two developed models. The variables that were found to increase the probability of run-off-road crash severity are driver related factors such as driver ejection, being an older driver, alcohol involvement, license state, driver being at fault, medical condition of the driver;road related factors such as speed, asphalt road surface, dry road condition;time related factors such as crashes occurring between 6 pm and midnight;environment related factors such as daylight;vehicle related factors such as being an SUV, motorcycles, vehicle getting destroyed or disabled, vehicle maneuver being straight or passing;and fixed object types such as trees and ditches.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> In Benin, motorcycle taxi drivers make up a significant portion of road transport. The use of psychoactive substances, a behavior recognized as being at risk of road crashes, is frequent in this group. This study aimed to analyze the association between the consumption of psychoactive substances and the occurrence of road crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study involving 430 motorcycle taxi drivers selected from motorcycle taxi stands in Cotonou (Benin) using a two-stage cluster sampling technique. An interview with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which took place in March and April 2019. Alcohol, tramadol, and tobacco were the psychoactive substances considered in this study and their daily use was investigated. A binary logistic regression was used for the analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> Among the motorcycle taxi drivers surveyed, 27.79% (95% CI = 23.71 - 32.25) were involved in a road crash. The prevalence of psychoactive substances daily use was: 30.41% (95% CI = 26.17 - 35.00) for alcohol, 28.50% (95% CI = 24.37 - 33.02) for tramadol and 4.03% (95% CI = 2.51 - 6.42) for tobacco. Alcohol daily consumption (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.27 - 3.45, p = 0.004) was associated with a significant risk of road crashes. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Interventions aiming to reduce psychoactive substances use should, therefore, be included in road safety policies, especially for this group.
文摘More than 32,000 motorists are killed on U.S. roads and streets annually, and approximately 54% of the accidents occur on rural roads. In an attempt to address and reduce these fatalities, the current transportation act, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equality Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETY-LU), elevated the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) to a core program and included a $90,000,000 High-Risk Rural Road Program (HRRRP) to address and significantly reduce traffic fatalities and incapacitating injuries on rural major or minor collectors, and/or rural local roads. While there were many challenges to properly implement the HRRRP in counties, this study provided important information that was needed to identify the predominant crash types on HRRRP-eligible roads and compiled a list of countermeasures for the predominant crash types that were identified on Kansas’ high-risk rural roads. For the gathered countermeasures, crash reduction factors (CRFs) were also provided from the literature review, and their values were validated by conducting interviews with Kansas county engineers/officials. This study provided valuable information for the county engineers and local government officials while they worked on improving the safety of high-risk rural roads using HRRRP funds.
文摘Road traffic crash data are useful tools to support the development, implementation, and assessment of highway safety programs that tend to reduce road traffic crashes. Collecting road traffic crash data aims at gaining a better understanding of road traffic operational problems, locating hazardous road sections, identifying risk factors, developing accurate diagnosis and remedial measures, and evaluating the effectiveness of road safety programs. Furthermore, they can be used by many agencies and businesses such as: law enforcements to identify persons at fault in road traffic crashes;insurers seeking facts about traffic crash claims;road safety researchers to access traffic crash reliable database;decision makers to develop long-term, statewide strategic plans for traffic and highway safety;and highway safety administrators to help educate the public. Given the practical importance of vehicle crash data, this paper presents an overview of the sources, trends and problems associated with road traffic crash data.
文摘Sfax is one of the Tunisian governorates with a large number of road accidents, injuries and fatalities every year. This study aimed to analyze and map traffic accidents in this governorate. We analyzed the spatial distribution of accidents, their distribution by cause, by type of road, by size of traffic, by months of the year and days of the week. Accidents were correlated with several variables such as population numbers and densities, motorization rate, length and structure of the road network, and the amount of traffic. On the cartographic level, we have built a database, through which we have produced a series of thematic maps to argue this analysis. Through cartographic production, we also aimed to help road users, decision-makers and researchers in <span>this area and in the field of transport. This work showed that Sfax occupies, among the other Tunisian governorates, an advanced position in gravity. Various human, climatic and technical factors explained this situation, of which human factors were the most important, and contributed </span></span><span style="font-family:"">to</span><span style="font-family:""> almost</span><span style="font-family:""> 90% of accidents. The current situation of accidents in Sfax requires a series of measures and actions to alleviate and mitigate the gravity of this phenomenon.
文摘Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from hospital records of patients who got involved in auto-tricycle crashes and presented to the Accident and Emergency Centre of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), over a one-year period using a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were then entered into an electronic database and then analysed with SPSS version 20.0. Results: The incidence of injury following auto-tricycle crashes over the one-year period was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9% - 7.0%) with a case fatality rate (FR) of 3.8% (95% CI: 1.3% - 8.7%). All the mortalities resulted from head and neck injuries and none of the patients involved wore a crash helmet. Only 5% of those studied wore crash helmets and were all drivers. Closed fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, followed by open fractures, 28%. The most commonly fractured bones were the tibia/fibula, followed by the femur and then radius/ulna. The most common mechanism of injury was auto-tricycle toppling over (29%). Passengers were the most injured (48%), followed by drivers (37%) and pedestrians (15%). Most (72%) injuries among participants involved a single body part. On the injury severity scale, most (61%) of patients had minor trauma and 38% had major trauma. Conclusion: Auto-tricycle crashes account for 5.9% of injuries at the study site with a case fatality rate of 3.8%. Passengers had a higher injury rate (48%) than drivers (37%). Fractures of the tibia/fibula were most commonly associated with auto-tricycle crashes. Injuries to the head and neck were responsible for the deaths in the study participants and non-use of a crash helmet was associated with mortalities.
文摘Due to the need to update the current guidelines for highway design to focus on safety, this study sought to build an accident prediction model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for single-lane rural highways, with a minimum of statistically significant variables, adequate to the Brazilian reality, and improve accident prediction for places with similar characteristics. A database was created to associate the accident records with the geometric parameters of the highway and to fill in the gaps left by the absence of geometric highway plans through geometric reconstitution or semi-automatic extraction of highways using satellite images. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method was applied to estimate the coefficients of the model, assuming negative distribution of the binomial error for the count of observed accidents. The accident frequency and annual average daily traffic (AADT) were analyzed, along with the spatial and geometric characteristics of 215 km of federal single-lane rural highways between 2007 and 2016. The GEE procedure was applied to two models having three variations of distinct homogeneous segmentation, two based on segments and one based on the kernel density estimator. To assess the effect of constant traffic, two more variations of the models using AADT as an offset variable were considered. The predominant correlation structure in the models was the exchangeable. The principal contributing factors for the occurrence of collisions were the radius of the horizontal curve, the grade, segment length, and the AADT. The study produced clear indicators for the design parameters of roadways that influence the safety performance of rural highways.
