To overcome the subjectivity of experts in the process of risk response scheme selection, according to the theory of group decision making, a selection method and flow of the risk response schemes for a mining project...To overcome the subjectivity of experts in the process of risk response scheme selection, according to the theory of group decision making, a selection method and flow of the risk response schemes for a mining project was proposed based on fuzzy preference relation and consistency induced ordered weighted averaging (C-IOWA) operator,which can overcome the loss of information in the process of group decision making to a great degree, and improve its efficiency and quality.A numeric example was introduced to illustrate the application of the method, also validating the method as scientific and practicable.展开更多
With the continuous development of social economy and the deepening of economic globalization, Chinas economic environment is complicated, and various departments and industries are constantly pursuing the maximizatio...With the continuous development of social economy and the deepening of economic globalization, Chinas economic environment is complicated, and various departments and industries are constantly pursuing the maximization of economic benefits. As a result, the market competition is becoming more and more fierce. Therefore, the audit work of enterprises is carried to a more important position. At present, all enterprises are constantly strengthening their audit work in order to gain a better foothold in the industry. The audit work of enterprises is relatively complicated and contains many contents. Therefore, each enterprise is constantly innovating the audit methods and optimizing the audit mode to improve the quality of the audit work. By carrying out the audit work, we can carry out all-round, deep-level and wide-range supervision on the internal economy of the enterprise, thus ensuring the use of funds, improving the utilization rate of funds, avoiding the waste of funds and maximizing the economic benefits of the enterprise. Based on the actual investigation, it is found that there are some problems and certain risks in the audit of Chinese enterprises. Through this article, the author expounds the current situation of enterprises and the research on risk response, hoping to promote the effective development of enterprise audit in our country.展开更多
Effective risk response decision-making in complex contexts often necessitates addressing multiple interacting risk events under resource constraints.However,existing models have predominantly focused on single-type o...Effective risk response decision-making in complex contexts often necessitates addressing multiple interacting risk events under resource constraints.However,existing models have predominantly focused on single-type or pairwise interactions and incorporated only a limited range of influencing factors,thus facing substantial challenges in accurately capturing high-dimensional,heterogeneous interactions while maintaining computational tractability in large-scale problems.To overcome these limitations,this paper proposes a more reliable risk response decision-making framework capable of delivering precise solutions for large-scale decision problems.Specifically,the main contributions of this study encompass the following three aspects:(1)A comprehensive risk response decision model is developed to concurrently integrate multiple types of risk interactions and critical factors,thereby better reflecting real-world conditions and enhancing decision quality.(2)To mitigate the computational burden arising from the exponential growth of nonlinear terms,an equivalent formulation based on risk scenario decomposition is introduced,enabling the precise resolution of large-scale instances.(3)A Dynamic Infeasibility-Guided Genetic Algorithm is designed to efficiently generate high-quality solutions for extra-large-scale problems.Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm consistently outperforms traditional approaches in terms of solution quality,stability,and computational efficiency across thousand-dimensional problem instances,underscoring its strong performance and scalability.This research provides a scalable and effective solution framework for complex risk response decision-making,offering valuable insights for large-scale risk management applications.展开更多
The informal construction sector is unregulated and operates in a risky environment, thus the need for adoption of appropriate risk management strategies for its survival is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study...The informal construction sector is unregulated and operates in a risky environment, thus the need for adoption of appropriate risk management strategies for its survival is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine methods used in choosing appropriate risk response strategy in informal construction sector in Tanzania. The study involved construction workers in informal sector in Dar es Salaam and Mwanza in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam and Mwanza are among big cities in Tanzania having more informal construction workers. Questionnaires were prepared in English, translated in Kiswahili and administered by research assistants on informal construction workers. Workers were purposively selected. Out of 1,000 questionnaires distributed 849 questionnaires were fairly filled equating to 84.9%. The collected data was coded and analysed using descriptive statistics mainly frequencies cross tabulation and Chi-square tests. The study established that majority of informal construction workers choose risk response strategies by using common sense followed by previous experience. Within the location, the methods significantly differ whereby Dar es Salaam was dominated by common sense and Mwanza dominated by previous experience. Likewise, use of common sense among respondents was significantly different between gender, age group, level of education and experience. This implies that apart from formal process of choosing risk response strategies, the informal construction sector has its own surviving strategies. The issue of location, gender and experience are essential for risk management in informal construction sector.展开更多
Hemodynamic monitoring and optimization improve postoperative outcome during high-risk surgery.However,hemodynamic management practices among Chinese anesthesiologists are largely unknown.This study sought to evaluate...Hemodynamic monitoring and optimization improve postoperative outcome during high-risk surgery.However,hemodynamic management practices among Chinese anesthesiologists are largely unknown.This study sought to evaluate the current intraoperative hemodynamic management practices for high-risk surgery patients in China.From September 2010 to November 2011,we surveyed anesthesiologists working in the operating rooms of 265 hospitals representing 28 Chinese provinces.All questionnaires were distributed to department chairs of anesthesiology or practicing anesthesiologists.Once completed,the 29-item questionnaires were collected and analyzed.Two hundred and 10 questionnaires from 265 hospitals in China were collected.We found that 91.4%of anesthesiologists monitored invasive arterial pressure,82.9%monitored central venous pressure（CVP）,13.3%monitored cardiac output（CO）,10.5%monitored mixed venous saturation,and less than 2%monitored pulse pressure variation（PPV） or systolic pressure variation（SPV） during high-risk surgery.The majority（88%） of anesthesiologists relied on clinical experience as an indicator for volume expansion and more than 80%relied on blood pressure,CVP and urine output.Anesthesiologists in China do not own enough attention on hemodynamic parameters such as PPV,SPV and CO during fluid management in high-risk surgical patients.The lack of CO monitoring may be attributed largely to the limited access to technologies,the cost of the devices and the lack of education on how to use them.There is a need for improving access to these technologies as well as an opportunity to create guidelines and education for hemodynamic optimization in China.展开更多
In order to meet the requirements of the development in the network era, commercial banks focus on the construction of network system and business expansion, such as network banking, mobile banking and other businesse...In order to meet the requirements of the development in the network era, commercial banks focus on the construction of network system and business expansion, such as network banking, mobile banking and other businesses, in order to meet people's daily practical needs for banking. In order to ensure their own interests, commercial banks attach great importance to the online loan business. At present, with the vigorous development of the real economy, the demand for credit business service level is continuously increasing. In order to meet the increasing demand for loans, commercial banks make the loan business more flexible and convenient by means of online loans, which not only meets the capital demand of enterprises, but also promotes the steady development of China's commercial banking industry.展开更多
This paper delves into the potential and risks of digital economy cooperation among countries along the“Belt and Road”(B&R).With the advancement of the global digital wave,the digital economy has become a key dr...This paper delves into the potential and risks of digital economy cooperation among countries along the“Belt and Road”(B&R).With the advancement of the global digital wave,the digital economy has become a key driver of economic growth.Countries along the B&R possess varying degrees of resource endowments and development needs in the field of the digital economy,presenting enormous cooperation potential.By strengthening cooperation in areas such as digital infrastructure construction,expanding digital trade,and promoting digital technology innovation,mutually beneficial outcomes are expected to be achieved.However,the cooperation process also faces numerous risks,including the digital divide,data security concerns,challenges in network infrastructure development,and differences in laws and regulations.Through a comprehensive analysis of these potentials and risks,this paper aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting digital economy cooperation among B&R countries,facilitating their joint development and prosperity in the digital economy era.展开更多
A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decompose...A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decomposed algorithm based on Benders' decomposition.The model and the algorithm were applied to a simple 3-node system and an actual 445-node system for verification,respectively.Test results show that the model can save 84.5 US $ cost for the testing three-node system,and the algorithm can solve the model for 445-node system within 5 min.The test results also illustrate that the proposed approach is efficient and suitable for large system calculation.展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a climate-sensitive region.The characteristics of drought and flood events in this region are significantly different as compared to other areas in the country,which could potentially indu...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a climate-sensitive region.The characteristics of drought and flood events in this region are significantly different as compared to other areas in the country,which could potentially induce a series of water security,ecological and environmental problems.It is urgent that innovative theories and methods for estimation of drought and flood disasters as well as their adaptive regulations are required.Based on extensive literature review,this paper identifies new situations of the evolution of drought and flood events on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and analyzes the research progress in terms of monitoring and simulation,forecasting and early warning,risk prevention and emergency response.The study found that there were problems such as insufficient integration of multi-source data,low accuracy of forecasting and early warning,unclear driving mechanisms of drought and flood disaster chains,and lack of targeted risk prevention and regulation measures.On this basis,future research priorities are proposed,and the possible research and development paths are elaborated,including the evolution law of drought and flood on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the coincidence characteristics of drought and flood from the perspective of a water resources system,prediction and early warning of drought and flood coupled with numerical simulation and knowledge mining,identification of risk blocking points of drought and flood disaster chain and the adaptive regulations.Hopefully,the paper will provide technical support for preventing flood and drought disasters,water resources protection,ecological restoration and climate change adaptation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.展开更多
文摘To overcome the subjectivity of experts in the process of risk response scheme selection, according to the theory of group decision making, a selection method and flow of the risk response schemes for a mining project was proposed based on fuzzy preference relation and consistency induced ordered weighted averaging (C-IOWA) operator,which can overcome the loss of information in the process of group decision making to a great degree, and improve its efficiency and quality.A numeric example was introduced to illustrate the application of the method, also validating the method as scientific and practicable.
文摘With the continuous development of social economy and the deepening of economic globalization, Chinas economic environment is complicated, and various departments and industries are constantly pursuing the maximization of economic benefits. As a result, the market competition is becoming more and more fierce. Therefore, the audit work of enterprises is carried to a more important position. At present, all enterprises are constantly strengthening their audit work in order to gain a better foothold in the industry. The audit work of enterprises is relatively complicated and contains many contents. Therefore, each enterprise is constantly innovating the audit methods and optimizing the audit mode to improve the quality of the audit work. By carrying out the audit work, we can carry out all-round, deep-level and wide-range supervision on the internal economy of the enterprise, thus ensuring the use of funds, improving the utilization rate of funds, avoiding the waste of funds and maximizing the economic benefits of the enterprise. Based on the actual investigation, it is found that there are some problems and certain risks in the audit of Chinese enterprises. Through this article, the author expounds the current situation of enterprises and the research on risk response, hoping to promote the effective development of enterprise audit in our country.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers:72271144,72134004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant number:2022T150379)Project of Young Talents Team for Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shandong Province(Grant number:2024-QNRC-01).
文摘Effective risk response decision-making in complex contexts often necessitates addressing multiple interacting risk events under resource constraints.However,existing models have predominantly focused on single-type or pairwise interactions and incorporated only a limited range of influencing factors,thus facing substantial challenges in accurately capturing high-dimensional,heterogeneous interactions while maintaining computational tractability in large-scale problems.To overcome these limitations,this paper proposes a more reliable risk response decision-making framework capable of delivering precise solutions for large-scale decision problems.Specifically,the main contributions of this study encompass the following three aspects:(1)A comprehensive risk response decision model is developed to concurrently integrate multiple types of risk interactions and critical factors,thereby better reflecting real-world conditions and enhancing decision quality.(2)To mitigate the computational burden arising from the exponential growth of nonlinear terms,an equivalent formulation based on risk scenario decomposition is introduced,enabling the precise resolution of large-scale instances.(3)A Dynamic Infeasibility-Guided Genetic Algorithm is designed to efficiently generate high-quality solutions for extra-large-scale problems.Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm consistently outperforms traditional approaches in terms of solution quality,stability,and computational efficiency across thousand-dimensional problem instances,underscoring its strong performance and scalability.This research provides a scalable and effective solution framework for complex risk response decision-making,offering valuable insights for large-scale risk management applications.
文摘The informal construction sector is unregulated and operates in a risky environment, thus the need for adoption of appropriate risk management strategies for its survival is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine methods used in choosing appropriate risk response strategy in informal construction sector in Tanzania. The study involved construction workers in informal sector in Dar es Salaam and Mwanza in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam and Mwanza are among big cities in Tanzania having more informal construction workers. Questionnaires were prepared in English, translated in Kiswahili and administered by research assistants on informal construction workers. Workers were purposively selected. Out of 1,000 questionnaires distributed 849 questionnaires were fairly filled equating to 84.9%. The collected data was coded and analysed using descriptive statistics mainly frequencies cross tabulation and Chi-square tests. The study established that majority of informal construction workers choose risk response strategies by using common sense followed by previous experience. Within the location, the methods significantly differ whereby Dar es Salaam was dominated by common sense and Mwanza dominated by previous experience. Likewise, use of common sense among respondents was significantly different between gender, age group, level of education and experience. This implies that apart from formal process of choosing risk response strategies, the informal construction sector has its own surviving strategies. The issue of location, gender and experience are essential for risk management in informal construction sector.
文摘Hemodynamic monitoring and optimization improve postoperative outcome during high-risk surgery.However,hemodynamic management practices among Chinese anesthesiologists are largely unknown.This study sought to evaluate the current intraoperative hemodynamic management practices for high-risk surgery patients in China.From September 2010 to November 2011,we surveyed anesthesiologists working in the operating rooms of 265 hospitals representing 28 Chinese provinces.All questionnaires were distributed to department chairs of anesthesiology or practicing anesthesiologists.Once completed,the 29-item questionnaires were collected and analyzed.Two hundred and 10 questionnaires from 265 hospitals in China were collected.We found that 91.4%of anesthesiologists monitored invasive arterial pressure,82.9%monitored central venous pressure（CVP）,13.3%monitored cardiac output（CO）,10.5%monitored mixed venous saturation,and less than 2%monitored pulse pressure variation（PPV） or systolic pressure variation（SPV） during high-risk surgery.The majority（88%） of anesthesiologists relied on clinical experience as an indicator for volume expansion and more than 80%relied on blood pressure,CVP and urine output.Anesthesiologists in China do not own enough attention on hemodynamic parameters such as PPV,SPV and CO during fluid management in high-risk surgical patients.The lack of CO monitoring may be attributed largely to the limited access to technologies,the cost of the devices and the lack of education on how to use them.There is a need for improving access to these technologies as well as an opportunity to create guidelines and education for hemodynamic optimization in China.
文摘In order to meet the requirements of the development in the network era, commercial banks focus on the construction of network system and business expansion, such as network banking, mobile banking and other businesses, in order to meet people's daily practical needs for banking. In order to ensure their own interests, commercial banks attach great importance to the online loan business. At present, with the vigorous development of the real economy, the demand for credit business service level is continuously increasing. In order to meet the increasing demand for loans, commercial banks make the loan business more flexible and convenient by means of online loans, which not only meets the capital demand of enterprises, but also promotes the steady development of China's commercial banking industry.
文摘This paper delves into the potential and risks of digital economy cooperation among countries along the“Belt and Road”(B&R).With the advancement of the global digital wave,the digital economy has become a key driver of economic growth.Countries along the B&R possess varying degrees of resource endowments and development needs in the field of the digital economy,presenting enormous cooperation potential.By strengthening cooperation in areas such as digital infrastructure construction,expanding digital trade,and promoting digital technology innovation,mutually beneficial outcomes are expected to be achieved.However,the cooperation process also faces numerous risks,including the digital divide,data security concerns,challenges in network infrastructure development,and differences in laws and regulations.Through a comprehensive analysis of these potentials and risks,this paper aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting digital economy cooperation among B&R countries,facilitating their joint development and prosperity in the digital economy era.
基金Projects(51007047,51077087)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013CB228205)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China+1 种基金Project(20100131120039)supported by Higher Learning Doctor Discipline End Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education Institution,ChinaProject(ZR2010EQ035)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China
文摘A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decomposed algorithm based on Benders' decomposition.The model and the algorithm were applied to a simple 3-node system and an actual 445-node system for verification,respectively.Test results show that the model can save 84.5 US $ cost for the testing three-node system,and the algorithm can solve the model for 445-node system within 5 min.The test results also illustrate that the proposed approach is efficient and suitable for large system calculation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3201705)。
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a climate-sensitive region.The characteristics of drought and flood events in this region are significantly different as compared to other areas in the country,which could potentially induce a series of water security,ecological and environmental problems.It is urgent that innovative theories and methods for estimation of drought and flood disasters as well as their adaptive regulations are required.Based on extensive literature review,this paper identifies new situations of the evolution of drought and flood events on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and analyzes the research progress in terms of monitoring and simulation,forecasting and early warning,risk prevention and emergency response.The study found that there were problems such as insufficient integration of multi-source data,low accuracy of forecasting and early warning,unclear driving mechanisms of drought and flood disaster chains,and lack of targeted risk prevention and regulation measures.On this basis,future research priorities are proposed,and the possible research and development paths are elaborated,including the evolution law of drought and flood on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the coincidence characteristics of drought and flood from the perspective of a water resources system,prediction and early warning of drought and flood coupled with numerical simulation and knowledge mining,identification of risk blocking points of drought and flood disaster chain and the adaptive regulations.Hopefully,the paper will provide technical support for preventing flood and drought disasters,water resources protection,ecological restoration and climate change adaptation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
