This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis,...This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis, it aims to elaborate the significance of relevant disaster risk reduction (DRR) content in school curriculum to prepare youths for disaster response and recovery. It elaborates the nature of the current DRR content covered in curricula and textbooks and provides suggestions to address the identified disaster-related issues in the school curriculum. It further elaborates that incorporation of local and contextualised DRR content in school curricula contributes to the establishment of the “culture of resilience” in disaster prone context like Nepal. It concludes that more organised and holistic approach is essential to develop disaster and management knowledge, skills and attitudes to youths.展开更多
Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using t...Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using the sociological disciplinary framework in a detailed qualitative case study of three schools as they responded to the devastating Gorakha earthquake in 2015 and other disasters in Nepal. This paper considers the three sub-disciplines of sociology: the sociology of disaster, the sociology of education and the sociology of education governance in a development context. These sub-disciplines are nested together to analyse social, political and historical factors and their relationships which are helpful to identify risks and vulnerabilities in the education sector in Nepal. These are the major areas to explore the disaster context and needs of context-specific education acts (hereafter DRR education) to minimise the potential risks of disasters. The article concludes that the social disciplinary framework is significantly useful to analyse DRR education provisions and implications of education governance to mobilise school in disaster preparedness, response and recovery.展开更多
Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards loca...Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.展开更多
As disasters cripple the world’s prospects for sustainable development, protecting the most vulnerable groups exposed to hazards is one of the main challenges facing humanity. Owing to the systemic nature of risk and...As disasters cripple the world’s prospects for sustainable development, protecting the most vulnerable groups exposed to hazards is one of the main challenges facing humanity. Owing to the systemic nature of risk and the interactions and interdependencies between upland and lowland systems, healthy and productive mountain households and livelihoods are essential to global sustainability. This paper argues that, building on existing international frameworks, and integrated knowledge and praxis, the development of a global policy agenda should be established to build sustainable peace, sustainable security, and development.展开更多
In the Wenchuan Earthquake area,many co-seismic landslides formed blocking-dams in debris flow channels. This blocking and bursting of landslide dams amplifies the debris flow scale and results in severe catastrophes....In the Wenchuan Earthquake area,many co-seismic landslides formed blocking-dams in debris flow channels. This blocking and bursting of landslide dams amplifies the debris flow scale and results in severe catastrophes. The catastrophic debris flow that occurred in Qipan gully(Wenchuan,Southwest China) on July 11,2013 was caused by intense rainfall and upstream cascading bursting of landslide dams. To gain an understanding of the processes of dam bursting and subsequent debris flow scale amplification effect,we attempted to estimate the bursting debris flow peak discharges along the main gully and analyzed the scale amplification process. The results showed that the antecedent and triggering rainfalls for 11 July debris flow event were 88.0 mm and 21.6 mm,respectively. The event highlights the fact that lower rainfall intensity can trigger debris flows after the earthquake. Calculations of the debris flow peak discharge showed that the peak discharges after the dams-bursting were 1.17–1.69 times greater than the upstream peak discharge. The peak discharge at the gully outlet reached 2553 m^3/s which was amplified by 4.76 times in comparison with the initial peak discharge in the upstream. To mitigate debris flow disasters,a new drainage channel with a trapezoidal V-shaped cross section was proposed. The characteristic lengths(h1 and h2) under optimal hydraulic conditions were calculated as 4.50 m and 0.90 m,respectively.展开更多
Communities depend on critical infrastructure systems to support their regular operations and future develop-ment.Destructive events,such as natural disasters,threaten to disrupt service to these systems and the commu...Communities depend on critical infrastructure systems to support their regular operations and future develop-ment.Destructive events,such as natural disasters,threaten to disrupt service to these systems and the commu-nities they support.Strategies designed to reduce the impacts from disasters and other events are therefore an important consideration for community planning.At a regional level,coordination between communities sup-ports the efficient use of resources for implementing disaster risk reduction(DRR)measures and completing post-disaster repairs to meet the needs of all residents.Coordination is challenging,however,due to the complex-ity of regional systems and competing stakeholder interests.This work presents a case study model of regional water,wastewater,and power systems,and demonstrates the effect of seismic hardening and increased resource availability on post-earthquake repair requirements and critical infrastructure recovery.Model results indicate that implementing DRR strategies can reduce required repair costs by over 40 percent and outage severity by approximately 50 percent for the studied sectors.Not all strategies are effective for all sectors and locations,how-ever,so this work discusses the importance of comprehensive,coordinated,and accessible emergency planning activities to ensure that the needs of all residents are considered.展开更多
This paper gives an account of the diverse dimensions of research on disaster risk reduction in mountain regions derived from an open call of the Journal of Mountain Science that brought 21 contributions.This special ...This paper gives an account of the diverse dimensions of research on disaster risk reduction in mountain regions derived from an open call of the Journal of Mountain Science that brought 21 contributions.This special issue includes topics as diverse as landslide dynamics and mechanisms,landslide inventories and landslide susceptibility models,insights to landslide hazards and disasters and mitigation measures,disaster response and disaster risk reduction.The overall structure of the paper takes the form of three sections.The first part begins by laying out the significance of disaster risk reduction in mountain areas,whereas the second one looks at the research insights on disaster risk reduction in mountains provided by the contributions comprised in the special volume.The final section identifies areas for further research.展开更多
Karanganyar and the surrounding area are situated in a dynamic volcanic arc region, where landslide frequently occurs during the rainy season. The rain-induced landslide disasters have been resulting in 65 fatalities ...Karanganyar and the surrounding area are situated in a dynamic volcanic arc region, where landslide frequently occurs during the rainy season. The rain-induced landslide disasters have been resulting in 65 fatalities and a substantial socioeconomical loss in last December 2007. Again, in early February 2009, 6 more people died, hundreds of people temporary evacuated and tens of houses damaged due to the rain-induced landslide. Accordingly, inter-disciplinary approach for geological, geotechnical and social investigations were undertaken with the goal for improving community resilience in the landslide vulnerable villages. Landslide hazard mapping and communitybased landslide mitigation were conducted to reduce the risk of landslides. The hazard mapping was carried out based on the susceptibility assessment with respect to the conditions of slope inclination, types and engineering properties of lithology/soil as well as the types of landuse. All of those parameters were analyzed by applying weighing and scoring system which were calculated by semi qualitative approach (Analytical Hierarchical Process). It was found that the weathered andesitic-steep slope (steeper than 30o) was identified as the highest susceptible slope for rapid landslide, whilst the gentle colluvial slope with inter-stratification of tuffaceous clay-silt was found to be the susceptible slope for creeping. Finally, a programme for landslide risk reduction and control were developed with special emphasize on community-based landslide mitigation and early warning system. It should be highlighted that the social approach needs to be properly addressed in order to guarantee the effectiveness of landslide risk reduction.展开更多
Kenya has integrated several international, continental, and regional strategies and policies into its national and county programs to address climate-related disasters in livestock systems in pastoralism. This study ...Kenya has integrated several international, continental, and regional strategies and policies into its national and county programs to address climate-related disasters in livestock systems in pastoralism. This study reviews how these policy instruments have been integrated into local laws and the viability of hay production, a drought risk reduction strategy. The methodology used was a desktop review of policies, a KAP survey using a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire on 354 pastoralists and key informants selected using stratified random sampling, and a cost-benefit analysis of 23 hay farms in Kajiado-Central sub-county. The findings established that Kenya had adopted adequate legal instruments to support disasters in general and droughts specifically. However, the strategies are not elaborated into practical guidance resulting in poor implementation. For instance, the flagship hay production project in Kajiado focuses on building infrastructure on the government farms, with little support going to the actual hay farmers. In addition, staffing levels of technical officers are too low to adequately translate the strategies into activities that address the hay farmer’s pain points, namely the lack of a stable hay market, expensive capital assets and machinery, lack of quality forage seeds, and extension education. This paper recommends reviewing the implementation of the ongoing hay flagship projects to address the hay enterprise’s profitability and elaborating the strategies down to guidance that can be easily rolled out cognizant of the low staffing levels. Public-private partnerships can also address some challenges by stabilizing the hay markets, providing storage, and maintaining good-quality hay. In addition, the strategic feed reserve should include hay for pastoral livestock systems under drought risk reduction programs. Thus, targeted, relevant projects are critical if private hay enterprises are a sustainable drought risk reduction strategy.展开更多
The paper articulates the need for a paradigm shift in defining the basis of what constitutes a disaster. This new framework must be sensitive to the need for a more theoretical approach to inform disaster and hazard ...The paper articulates the need for a paradigm shift in defining the basis of what constitutes a disaster. This new framework must be sensitive to the need for a more theoretical approach to inform disaster and hazard management. Central to this is that the resulting approach cannot be muddled in linear rational and procedural doctrines but appreciate the dynamics of complex nonlinearity of disaster events. By engaging in thought experiment and critical analysis of existing literature, the paper deconstructs the normative paradigm of defining disaster. The end is to inform disaster management and risk reduction intervention and mitigation programmes. The presented alternative approach is sensitive of the need to equally include;spatial, political, social, parameters. These are appreciated as being equally important as those dealing with ecological and economic. The resulting not only include other elements, but also expands the definition to the complex conditions inherent in the origin of phenomena to the interaction of the phenomena with multiple and complex socio-spatial and demographic dynamics, and then appreciating the complex results of this nonlinear interaction. The need for a more substantive definition of disaster underlines the pre-analysis that is necessary for implementation of mitigation and prevention strategies. That disasters are becoming more complex is synonymous with the complexities inherent in post-war development dynamics.展开更多
A survey was carried out on farmers cultivating vegetables in Gia Lam district, Hanoi city, Vietnam to investigate their practice in reducing pesticide risks in their farming. Pesticides were an important input in the...A survey was carried out on farmers cultivating vegetables in Gia Lam district, Hanoi city, Vietnam to investigate their practice in reducing pesticide risks in their farming. Pesticides were an important input in the production there, but the risks of pesticides in recent years had been insignificant. Research results showed that the majority of farmers had relatively well implemented various solutions to reduce pesticides risks in their production, including actively using alternative pest management (IPM) solutions, using biological pesticides, using pesticides properly according to the 4-right pesticide use principle, using labour protection while spraying, and applying treatment measures after spraying. The study suggested solutions to reduce and avoid pesticide risks.展开更多
As climate warming intensifies, the frequency and intensity of disasters are also increasing, posing challenges to global sustainable development. The concept of disaster risk reduction(DRR) provides strong impetus fo...As climate warming intensifies, the frequency and intensity of disasters are also increasing, posing challenges to global sustainable development. The concept of disaster risk reduction(DRR) provides strong impetus for reducing disaster risk and vulnerabilities by employing the scientific and technological developments of recent decades. However, there is a need to enhance the capacities of different communities to use emerging digital infrastructure, not only in promoting DRR but also in ensuring sustainable future development. Limited access to and availability of data are restricting comprehensive understanding of these challenges. In many countries, the key areas for capacity development include collecting information from alternative and emerging data sources and meaningfully integrating it with data from traditional sources. Software and data analysis are becoming widely accessible due to open-source initiatives, while cloud computing technologies and programmes such as CASEarth provide valuable resources for multisource data integration, contributing to information-driven policy and decision-support systems for DRR.展开更多
This article aims to assess Algeria’s progress in implementing the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)between 2015 and 2022.To achieve this,both qualitative and q...This article aims to assess Algeria’s progress in implementing the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)between 2015 and 2022.To achieve this,both qualitative and quantitative data were collected to meet the study’s objectives.The primary goal is to report on Algeria’s alignment with the seven SFDRR targets,considering the four priority areas of the framework as they relate to these targets.The article also seeks to explore the governance of risk in Algeria in the context of the SFDRR’s implementation.Over the past decade,Algeria has experienced a range of disasters involving natural hazards,including floods,storms,droughts,extreme temperatures,wildfires,earthquakes,transport crashes,and outbreaks of diseases such as COVID-19.These disasters,along with other endogenous causes not addressed in this article,have significantly hindered the country’s progress toward key global objectives,including the SFDRR.展开更多
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)has been a guide for disaster risk governance globally.With the popularization of the vulnerability paradigm,gender has been established as one of the s...The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)has been a guide for disaster risk governance globally.With the popularization of the vulnerability paradigm,gender has been established as one of the social determinants of disaster risk.However,it is often used interchangeably with“women”based on the binary categorization of gender identity that dominates,including in the Western world,reducing it to a demographic variable denied of any voice,context,or history.This article explores gender beyond the binary in the SFDRR,disaster risk reduction(DRR),and the broader risk governance mechanisms through examples of hijras from India and baklas from the Philippines.It delves into a discussion on the influence of dominant Western discourses in the creation of gender categories and their non-Western realities through a post-colonial lens.The article deals with questions on hybridity of identities,power,control,resistance,leverage,and the unique capacities of gender diverse groups at the time of disasters and beyond,while investigating the space of such groups within global frameworks like the SFDRR.展开更多
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)is at its 10th anniversary amidst a rapidly changing climate,which,together with social vulnerabilities,have led to significant impacts on human health ...The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)is at its 10th anniversary amidst a rapidly changing climate,which,together with social vulnerabilities,have led to significant impacts on human health and well-being.In the climate change and health field,the term“climate-related health risks”is often used while the term“health disaster”is less common.This article identifies opportunities and challenges that the SFDRR presents for the intersection between climate change and health.The SFDRR,through disaster risk reduction for climate change and health,complements international health-and climate change-related agendas.It expands the perspective of climate change and health beyond the classical health sphere by highlighting the importance of addressing the underlying drivers of disaster risk,most of them related to social vulnerabilities.Additionally,strong governance and leadership from the health sector might foster the integration of health-centered perspectives into climate change policies.However,the SFDRR faces challenges due to differential capacities among countries,which limit effective implementation.The role of politics,power,and diverse interests needs to be recognized in disaster-related decision-making processes,as well as the many barriers for global and systematic disaster-related data structures that limit a comprehensive understanding of disaster risk.The 10th anniversary of the SFDRR represents an opportunity to reflect on the many opportunities that it represents and on the challenges that need to be addressed.By looking for synergies among diverse agendas,initiatives,and collaborations,the SFDRR sheds some light on protecting people’s health and well-being.展开更多
This autoethnographic study presents a historical perspective on disaster risk reduction(DRR)at the local level,with the case study of the city of Tunja in Colombia.We analyze the impact that colonization,the independ...This autoethnographic study presents a historical perspective on disaster risk reduction(DRR)at the local level,with the case study of the city of Tunja in Colombia.We analyze the impact that colonization,the independence period,and recent history have had on the creation and reduction of disaster risks in this city.We offer a holistic perspective that shows the interactions of the impact of inequality on Indigenous populations,lack of urban planning,deforestation and the planting of invasive plant species,among other factors,which in combination with natural hazards,such as heavy rainfall,increase disaster risks.We conclude that although the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 is a fundamental instrument to promote risk reduction,in the local context of Tunja,the framework as such is not seen as a guide or parameter.The Colombian Disaster Risk Management Law is the main guide to advance risk reduction.This study demonstrates how DRR is not an isolated process,but a process that encompasses the general well-being of the population.We demonstrate from our lived perspective how access to public education and school feeding,as well as other social protection measures,increase the resilience of the population,making them better able to cope with adversity due to different hazards.This local perspective,with a historical review of a small city in the middle of the Andes,demonstrates the importance of continuing to prioritize and invest in measures that contribute to the population’s well-being as a way to reduce disaster risks,including adapting to our changing climate.展开更多
1 Happy Birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction!Happy 10th birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)!On 18 March 2015,it was signed,contributing to the wider Ag...1 Happy Birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction!Happy 10th birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)!On 18 March 2015,it was signed,contributing to the wider Agenda 2030 that embraces sustainable development,climate change,humanitarianism,development finance,and many others.It focuses on reducing the risk of disasters within the wider aims to do better for ourselves.展开更多
Correction to:International Journal of Disaster Risk Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00619-4.In this article the author’s name Armine Benmokhtar was incorrectly written as Armine Belmokhtar.The original ar...Correction to:International Journal of Disaster Risk Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00619-4.In this article the author’s name Armine Benmokhtar was incorrectly written as Armine Belmokhtar.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
As the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)approaches its 10th anniversary,we find ourselves at a critical juncture.Over the past decade,we have witnessed a convergence of climate risks that d...As the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)approaches its 10th anniversary,we find ourselves at a critical juncture.Over the past decade,we have witnessed a convergence of climate risks that demand increasingly sophisticated and collaborative responses.展开更多
Disasters disproportionately affect conflict-affected regions,where approximately two billion people reside,posing significant challenges for disaster risk reduction(DRR).This reality has increasingly spurred calls fo...Disasters disproportionately affect conflict-affected regions,where approximately two billion people reside,posing significant challenges for disaster risk reduction(DRR).This reality has increasingly spurred calls for violent conflict to be included in the global DRR agenda.However,consideration of peace has been lacking,despite that challenges for peace can distinctly impact capacities to set,pursue,and achieve DRR objectives.This study investigated how the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)engages with peace through a document analysis,revealing three key findings.First,the SFDRR does not mention“peace,”mirroring its lack of reference to conflict.Second,while peace-related terms appear throughout the SFDRR in themes related to partnership and all-of-society approaches,this engagement is superficial.Third,the SFDRR’s approach is fundamentally problematic for advancing peace due to its avoidance of the complex social and political dynamics inherent to disaster risk and its reduction.The SFDRR united United Nations Member States in its ambition to“leave no one behind,”but has taken approaches that smooth over diversity rather than strengthen pluralistic connections.A radical,integrated DRR-peacebuilding agenda must take conflict as the new starting point and carve new pathways toward peace including through disaster diplomacy and environmental peacebuilding.By embracing the ambiguity between war and peace and addressing the root causes of risk,societies can cultivate peaceful interactions and collectively advance safety.This study concludes with recommendations for a global DRR policy that not only implicitly relies on peace but actively contributes to peacebuilding in the world’s diverse and divided societies.展开更多
文摘This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis, it aims to elaborate the significance of relevant disaster risk reduction (DRR) content in school curriculum to prepare youths for disaster response and recovery. It elaborates the nature of the current DRR content covered in curricula and textbooks and provides suggestions to address the identified disaster-related issues in the school curriculum. It further elaborates that incorporation of local and contextualised DRR content in school curricula contributes to the establishment of the “culture of resilience” in disaster prone context like Nepal. It concludes that more organised and holistic approach is essential to develop disaster and management knowledge, skills and attitudes to youths.
文摘Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using the sociological disciplinary framework in a detailed qualitative case study of three schools as they responded to the devastating Gorakha earthquake in 2015 and other disasters in Nepal. This paper considers the three sub-disciplines of sociology: the sociology of disaster, the sociology of education and the sociology of education governance in a development context. These sub-disciplines are nested together to analyse social, political and historical factors and their relationships which are helpful to identify risks and vulnerabilities in the education sector in Nepal. These are the major areas to explore the disaster context and needs of context-specific education acts (hereafter DRR education) to minimise the potential risks of disasters. The article concludes that the social disciplinary framework is significantly useful to analyse DRR education provisions and implications of education governance to mobilise school in disaster preparedness, response and recovery.
基金supported by the International partnership program (Grant No.131551KYSB20160002)National Natural Science Foundation Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project (Grant No.41520104002)Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Science (Grant No.KFJSTS-ZDTP-015)
文摘Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.
文摘As disasters cripple the world’s prospects for sustainable development, protecting the most vulnerable groups exposed to hazards is one of the main challenges facing humanity. Owing to the systemic nature of risk and the interactions and interdependencies between upland and lowland systems, healthy and productive mountain households and livelihoods are essential to global sustainability. This paper argues that, building on existing international frameworks, and integrated knowledge and praxis, the development of a global policy agenda should be established to build sustainable peace, sustainable security, and development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41572302)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China (Grant No.41521002)
文摘In the Wenchuan Earthquake area,many co-seismic landslides formed blocking-dams in debris flow channels. This blocking and bursting of landslide dams amplifies the debris flow scale and results in severe catastrophes. The catastrophic debris flow that occurred in Qipan gully(Wenchuan,Southwest China) on July 11,2013 was caused by intense rainfall and upstream cascading bursting of landslide dams. To gain an understanding of the processes of dam bursting and subsequent debris flow scale amplification effect,we attempted to estimate the bursting debris flow peak discharges along the main gully and analyzed the scale amplification process. The results showed that the antecedent and triggering rainfalls for 11 July debris flow event were 88.0 mm and 21.6 mm,respectively. The event highlights the fact that lower rainfall intensity can trigger debris flows after the earthquake. Calculations of the debris flow peak discharge showed that the peak discharges after the dams-bursting were 1.17–1.69 times greater than the upstream peak discharge. The peak discharge at the gully outlet reached 2553 m^3/s which was amplified by 4.76 times in comparison with the initial peak discharge in the upstream. To mitigate debris flow disasters,a new drainage channel with a trapezoidal V-shaped cross section was proposed. The characteristic lengths(h1 and h2) under optimal hydraulic conditions were calculated as 4.50 m and 0.90 m,respectively.
基金funding for this work was provided in part by the Canadian Safety and Security Program(CSSP)under project number CSSP-2018-CP-2351titled“Disaster Risk Reduction Pathways:Incentives for Mitigation&Adaptation Investments”.
文摘Communities depend on critical infrastructure systems to support their regular operations and future develop-ment.Destructive events,such as natural disasters,threaten to disrupt service to these systems and the commu-nities they support.Strategies designed to reduce the impacts from disasters and other events are therefore an important consideration for community planning.At a regional level,coordination between communities sup-ports the efficient use of resources for implementing disaster risk reduction(DRR)measures and completing post-disaster repairs to meet the needs of all residents.Coordination is challenging,however,due to the complex-ity of regional systems and competing stakeholder interests.This work presents a case study model of regional water,wastewater,and power systems,and demonstrates the effect of seismic hardening and increased resource availability on post-earthquake repair requirements and critical infrastructure recovery.Model results indicate that implementing DRR strategies can reduce required repair costs by over 40 percent and outage severity by approximately 50 percent for the studied sectors.Not all strategies are effective for all sectors and locations,how-ever,so this work discusses the importance of comprehensive,coordinated,and accessible emergency planning activities to ensure that the needs of all residents are considered.
文摘This paper gives an account of the diverse dimensions of research on disaster risk reduction in mountain regions derived from an open call of the Journal of Mountain Science that brought 21 contributions.This special issue includes topics as diverse as landslide dynamics and mechanisms,landslide inventories and landslide susceptibility models,insights to landslide hazards and disasters and mitigation measures,disaster response and disaster risk reduction.The overall structure of the paper takes the form of three sections.The first part begins by laying out the significance of disaster risk reduction in mountain areas,whereas the second one looks at the research insights on disaster risk reduction in mountains provided by the contributions comprised in the special volume.The final section identifies areas for further research.
文摘Karanganyar and the surrounding area are situated in a dynamic volcanic arc region, where landslide frequently occurs during the rainy season. The rain-induced landslide disasters have been resulting in 65 fatalities and a substantial socioeconomical loss in last December 2007. Again, in early February 2009, 6 more people died, hundreds of people temporary evacuated and tens of houses damaged due to the rain-induced landslide. Accordingly, inter-disciplinary approach for geological, geotechnical and social investigations were undertaken with the goal for improving community resilience in the landslide vulnerable villages. Landslide hazard mapping and communitybased landslide mitigation were conducted to reduce the risk of landslides. The hazard mapping was carried out based on the susceptibility assessment with respect to the conditions of slope inclination, types and engineering properties of lithology/soil as well as the types of landuse. All of those parameters were analyzed by applying weighing and scoring system which were calculated by semi qualitative approach (Analytical Hierarchical Process). It was found that the weathered andesitic-steep slope (steeper than 30o) was identified as the highest susceptible slope for rapid landslide, whilst the gentle colluvial slope with inter-stratification of tuffaceous clay-silt was found to be the susceptible slope for creeping. Finally, a programme for landslide risk reduction and control were developed with special emphasize on community-based landslide mitigation and early warning system. It should be highlighted that the social approach needs to be properly addressed in order to guarantee the effectiveness of landslide risk reduction.
文摘Kenya has integrated several international, continental, and regional strategies and policies into its national and county programs to address climate-related disasters in livestock systems in pastoralism. This study reviews how these policy instruments have been integrated into local laws and the viability of hay production, a drought risk reduction strategy. The methodology used was a desktop review of policies, a KAP survey using a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire on 354 pastoralists and key informants selected using stratified random sampling, and a cost-benefit analysis of 23 hay farms in Kajiado-Central sub-county. The findings established that Kenya had adopted adequate legal instruments to support disasters in general and droughts specifically. However, the strategies are not elaborated into practical guidance resulting in poor implementation. For instance, the flagship hay production project in Kajiado focuses on building infrastructure on the government farms, with little support going to the actual hay farmers. In addition, staffing levels of technical officers are too low to adequately translate the strategies into activities that address the hay farmer’s pain points, namely the lack of a stable hay market, expensive capital assets and machinery, lack of quality forage seeds, and extension education. This paper recommends reviewing the implementation of the ongoing hay flagship projects to address the hay enterprise’s profitability and elaborating the strategies down to guidance that can be easily rolled out cognizant of the low staffing levels. Public-private partnerships can also address some challenges by stabilizing the hay markets, providing storage, and maintaining good-quality hay. In addition, the strategic feed reserve should include hay for pastoral livestock systems under drought risk reduction programs. Thus, targeted, relevant projects are critical if private hay enterprises are a sustainable drought risk reduction strategy.
文摘The paper articulates the need for a paradigm shift in defining the basis of what constitutes a disaster. This new framework must be sensitive to the need for a more theoretical approach to inform disaster and hazard management. Central to this is that the resulting approach cannot be muddled in linear rational and procedural doctrines but appreciate the dynamics of complex nonlinearity of disaster events. By engaging in thought experiment and critical analysis of existing literature, the paper deconstructs the normative paradigm of defining disaster. The end is to inform disaster management and risk reduction intervention and mitigation programmes. The presented alternative approach is sensitive of the need to equally include;spatial, political, social, parameters. These are appreciated as being equally important as those dealing with ecological and economic. The resulting not only include other elements, but also expands the definition to the complex conditions inherent in the origin of phenomena to the interaction of the phenomena with multiple and complex socio-spatial and demographic dynamics, and then appreciating the complex results of this nonlinear interaction. The need for a more substantive definition of disaster underlines the pre-analysis that is necessary for implementation of mitigation and prevention strategies. That disasters are becoming more complex is synonymous with the complexities inherent in post-war development dynamics.
文摘A survey was carried out on farmers cultivating vegetables in Gia Lam district, Hanoi city, Vietnam to investigate their practice in reducing pesticide risks in their farming. Pesticides were an important input in the production there, but the risks of pesticides in recent years had been insignificant. Research results showed that the majority of farmers had relatively well implemented various solutions to reduce pesticides risks in their production, including actively using alternative pest management (IPM) solutions, using biological pesticides, using pesticides properly according to the 4-right pesticide use principle, using labour protection while spraying, and applying treatment measures after spraying. The study suggested solutions to reduce and avoid pesticide risks.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDA19030101)the National Key R&D Programme of China(grant no.2017YFE0100800)
文摘As climate warming intensifies, the frequency and intensity of disasters are also increasing, posing challenges to global sustainable development. The concept of disaster risk reduction(DRR) provides strong impetus for reducing disaster risk and vulnerabilities by employing the scientific and technological developments of recent decades. However, there is a need to enhance the capacities of different communities to use emerging digital infrastructure, not only in promoting DRR but also in ensuring sustainable future development. Limited access to and availability of data are restricting comprehensive understanding of these challenges. In many countries, the key areas for capacity development include collecting information from alternative and emerging data sources and meaningfully integrating it with data from traditional sources. Software and data analysis are becoming widely accessible due to open-source initiatives, while cloud computing technologies and programmes such as CASEarth provide valuable resources for multisource data integration, contributing to information-driven policy and decision-support systems for DRR.
文摘This article aims to assess Algeria’s progress in implementing the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)between 2015 and 2022.To achieve this,both qualitative and quantitative data were collected to meet the study’s objectives.The primary goal is to report on Algeria’s alignment with the seven SFDRR targets,considering the four priority areas of the framework as they relate to these targets.The article also seeks to explore the governance of risk in Algeria in the context of the SFDRR’s implementation.Over the past decade,Algeria has experienced a range of disasters involving natural hazards,including floods,storms,droughts,extreme temperatures,wildfires,earthquakes,transport crashes,and outbreaks of diseases such as COVID-19.These disasters,along with other endogenous causes not addressed in this article,have significantly hindered the country’s progress toward key global objectives,including the SFDRR.
文摘The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)has been a guide for disaster risk governance globally.With the popularization of the vulnerability paradigm,gender has been established as one of the social determinants of disaster risk.However,it is often used interchangeably with“women”based on the binary categorization of gender identity that dominates,including in the Western world,reducing it to a demographic variable denied of any voice,context,or history.This article explores gender beyond the binary in the SFDRR,disaster risk reduction(DRR),and the broader risk governance mechanisms through examples of hijras from India and baklas from the Philippines.It delves into a discussion on the influence of dominant Western discourses in the creation of gender categories and their non-Western realities through a post-colonial lens.The article deals with questions on hybridity of identities,power,control,resistance,leverage,and the unique capacities of gender diverse groups at the time of disasters and beyond,while investigating the space of such groups within global frameworks like the SFDRR.
文摘The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)is at its 10th anniversary amidst a rapidly changing climate,which,together with social vulnerabilities,have led to significant impacts on human health and well-being.In the climate change and health field,the term“climate-related health risks”is often used while the term“health disaster”is less common.This article identifies opportunities and challenges that the SFDRR presents for the intersection between climate change and health.The SFDRR,through disaster risk reduction for climate change and health,complements international health-and climate change-related agendas.It expands the perspective of climate change and health beyond the classical health sphere by highlighting the importance of addressing the underlying drivers of disaster risk,most of them related to social vulnerabilities.Additionally,strong governance and leadership from the health sector might foster the integration of health-centered perspectives into climate change policies.However,the SFDRR faces challenges due to differential capacities among countries,which limit effective implementation.The role of politics,power,and diverse interests needs to be recognized in disaster-related decision-making processes,as well as the many barriers for global and systematic disaster-related data structures that limit a comprehensive understanding of disaster risk.The 10th anniversary of the SFDRR represents an opportunity to reflect on the many opportunities that it represents and on the challenges that need to be addressed.By looking for synergies among diverse agendas,initiatives,and collaborations,the SFDRR sheds some light on protecting people’s health and well-being.
文摘This autoethnographic study presents a historical perspective on disaster risk reduction(DRR)at the local level,with the case study of the city of Tunja in Colombia.We analyze the impact that colonization,the independence period,and recent history have had on the creation and reduction of disaster risks in this city.We offer a holistic perspective that shows the interactions of the impact of inequality on Indigenous populations,lack of urban planning,deforestation and the planting of invasive plant species,among other factors,which in combination with natural hazards,such as heavy rainfall,increase disaster risks.We conclude that although the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 is a fundamental instrument to promote risk reduction,in the local context of Tunja,the framework as such is not seen as a guide or parameter.The Colombian Disaster Risk Management Law is the main guide to advance risk reduction.This study demonstrates how DRR is not an isolated process,but a process that encompasses the general well-being of the population.We demonstrate from our lived perspective how access to public education and school feeding,as well as other social protection measures,increase the resilience of the population,making them better able to cope with adversity due to different hazards.This local perspective,with a historical review of a small city in the middle of the Andes,demonstrates the importance of continuing to prioritize and invest in measures that contribute to the population’s well-being as a way to reduce disaster risks,including adapting to our changing climate.
文摘1 Happy Birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction!Happy 10th birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)!On 18 March 2015,it was signed,contributing to the wider Agenda 2030 that embraces sustainable development,climate change,humanitarianism,development finance,and many others.It focuses on reducing the risk of disasters within the wider aims to do better for ourselves.
文摘Correction to:International Journal of Disaster Risk Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00619-4.In this article the author’s name Armine Benmokhtar was incorrectly written as Armine Belmokhtar.The original article has been corrected.
文摘As the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)approaches its 10th anniversary,we find ourselves at a critical juncture.Over the past decade,we have witnessed a convergence of climate risks that demand increasingly sophisticated and collaborative responses.
基金supported by a United States Institute of Peace grant on Environment,Conflict,and Peacebuilding.
文摘Disasters disproportionately affect conflict-affected regions,where approximately two billion people reside,posing significant challenges for disaster risk reduction(DRR).This reality has increasingly spurred calls for violent conflict to be included in the global DRR agenda.However,consideration of peace has been lacking,despite that challenges for peace can distinctly impact capacities to set,pursue,and achieve DRR objectives.This study investigated how the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)engages with peace through a document analysis,revealing three key findings.First,the SFDRR does not mention“peace,”mirroring its lack of reference to conflict.Second,while peace-related terms appear throughout the SFDRR in themes related to partnership and all-of-society approaches,this engagement is superficial.Third,the SFDRR’s approach is fundamentally problematic for advancing peace due to its avoidance of the complex social and political dynamics inherent to disaster risk and its reduction.The SFDRR united United Nations Member States in its ambition to“leave no one behind,”but has taken approaches that smooth over diversity rather than strengthen pluralistic connections.A radical,integrated DRR-peacebuilding agenda must take conflict as the new starting point and carve new pathways toward peace including through disaster diplomacy and environmental peacebuilding.By embracing the ambiguity between war and peace and addressing the root causes of risk,societies can cultivate peaceful interactions and collectively advance safety.This study concludes with recommendations for a global DRR policy that not only implicitly relies on peace but actively contributes to peacebuilding in the world’s diverse and divided societies.
