The Māori people are indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand,and their language and culture are considered vital components of the nation’s cultural heritage.However,Te Reo Māori is regarded as a lowresource language ou...The Māori people are indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand,and their language and culture are considered vital components of the nation’s cultural heritage.However,Te Reo Māori is regarded as a lowresource language outside of New Zealand,and its literary works usually rely on English as a pivot language for translation and communication.Therefore,in the process of promoting Māori literature as part of world literature by translating it into non-English languages,the accurate translation of cultural keywords is crucial to prevent dilemmas such as information loss and cultural misappropriation.In this article,we aim to explore effective translation strategies to enhance the international visibility and readership of Māori literature by analysing the rendition of Māori cultural keywords in the Chinese translation of“The Whale Rider”.展开更多
The modern development in cloud technologies has turned the idea of cloud gaming into sensible behaviour. The cloud gaming provides an interactive gaming application, which remotely processed in a cloud system, and it...The modern development in cloud technologies has turned the idea of cloud gaming into sensible behaviour. The cloud gaming provides an interactive gaming application, which remotely processed in a cloud system, and it streamed the scenes as video series to play through network. Therefore, cloud gaming is a capable approach, which quickly increases the cloud computing platform. Obtaining enhanced user experience in cloud gaming structure is not insignificant task because user anticipates less response delay and high quality videos. To achieve this, cloud providers need to be able to accurately predict irregular player workloads in order to schedule the necessary resources. In this paper, an effective technique, named as Fractional Rider Deep Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network is developed for workload prediction in cloud gaming. The workload of each resource is computed based on developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM network. Moreover, resource allocation is performed by fractional Rider-based Harmony Search Algorithm (Rider-based HSA). This Fractional Rider-based HSA is developed by combining Fractional calculus (FC), Rider optimization algorithm (ROA) and Harmony search algorithm (HSA). Moreover, the developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM is developed by integrating FC and Rider Deep LSTM. In addition, the multi-objective parameters, namely gaming experience loss QE, Mean Opinion Score (MOS), Fairness, energy, network parameters, and predictive load are considered for efficient resource allocation and workload prediction. Additionally, the developed workload prediction model achieved better performance using various parameters, like fairness, MOS, QE, energy and delay. Hence, the developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM model showed enhanced results with maximum fairness, MOS, QE of 0.999, 0.921, 0.999 and less energy and delay of 0.322 and 0.456.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety performance of four exit ramp types and the major contributing factors on motorcycle crashes and injury severity of motorcycle riders. A six-year crash data were col...The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety performance of four exit ramp types and the major contributing factors on motorcycle crashes and injury severity of motorcycle riders. A six-year crash data were collected in Florida, and a web-based survey (234 samples) was conducted. 573 crashes were found at 419 exits, including 178 diamond exits, 71 directional exits, 85 loop exits and 85 outer connection exits. For a diamond exit, both the survey and crash data showed that this type was safer and more preferable by motorcycle riders;while a loop exit was the most dangerous exit due to the sharp curve and a certain length of curve with limited visibility. For a directional exit, longer ramp lengths and the reverse curvature are the major factors causing motorcycle crashes. For an outer connection exit, the riders rated it as a safe type;however, the data showed higher average crash frequency and rate than those at diamond exits or directional exits. The possible reason could be the unexpected curvature in the middle of the ramp, which could be dangerous if the rider is not familiar with the exit ramp location or doesn’t pay attention to the ramp curvatures. The crash predictive model was developed, and the result indicated that if all remained the same, a directional exit, a loop exit, or an outer connection exit will have 16%, 27%, and 42% more crashes than a diamond exit, respectively. The findings from this study can help policy-makers and engineers to develop and apply effective countermeasures to reduce motorcycle crashes and injury severity levels for different exit ramp types.展开更多
Currently,e-learning is one of the most prevalent educational methods because of its need in today’s world.Virtual classrooms and web-based learning are becoming the new method of teaching remotely.The students exper...Currently,e-learning is one of the most prevalent educational methods because of its need in today’s world.Virtual classrooms and web-based learning are becoming the new method of teaching remotely.The students experience a lack of access to resources commonly the educational material.In remote loca-tions,educational institutions face significant challenges in accessing various web-based materials due to bandwidth and network infrastructure limitations.The objective of this study is to demonstrate an optimization and queueing tech-nique for allocating optimal servers and slots for users to access cloud-based e-learning applications.The proposed method provides the optimization and queue-ing algorithm for multi-server and multi-city constraints and considers where to locate the best servers.For optimal server selection,the Rider Optimization Algo-rithm(ROA)is utilized.A performance analysis based on time,memory and delay was carried out for the proposed methodology in comparison with the exist-ing techniques.The proposed Rider Optimization Algorithm is compared to Par-ticle Swarm Optimization(PSO),Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Firefly Algorithm(FFA),the proposed method is more suitable and effective because the other three algorithms drop in local optima and are only suitable for small numbers of user requests.Thus the proposed method outweighs the conventional techniques by its enhanced performance over them.展开更多
Terracotta rider fi gurines are common artifacts in the past, generally combinations of person riding animals like horse or camel, through these organic fi gures we can see vivid pictures of ancient social life and cu...Terracotta rider fi gurines are common artifacts in the past, generally combinations of person riding animals like horse or camel, through these organic fi gures we can see vivid pictures of ancient social life and cultural evolution. A lot of researches on terracotta fi gurines have been reported, but terracotta rider fi gurines have been less studied as an independent object. This paper studied terracotta rider fi gurines, and found that this cultural form originated from the Warring States Period, thrived in the Tang Dynasty, and declined gradually after the Yuan Dynasty. The declination of ancient terracotta rider fi gurine culture owes to the changing social environment in different historical periods. Researches on terracotta rider fi gurines explored social customs and conventions behind them, and provided signifi cant theoretical support for protecting the cultural heritage.展开更多
The use of Winderen Knee Protection Solution stirrups compared to standard iron stirrups, reveals the following benefits: 1) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 14 seconds per minute of activity whils...The use of Winderen Knee Protection Solution stirrups compared to standard iron stirrups, reveals the following benefits: 1) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 14 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 5 - 7 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for muscles around the knee. 2) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 25 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 9 - 10 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for ligaments around the knee. 3) A significant improvement in the E-score (less time exposed to stress and shock) and ST-score (lower force around the knee) whilst walking. 4) A considerable improvement in rider comfort and feeling of leg stability (self-assessment) compared with the owners current stirrups, whilst riding.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The act of referring TB presumptive individuals after verbal screening to another health facility/diagnostic centres for testing often results in large loss to follow...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The act of referring TB presumptive individuals after verbal screening to another health facility/diagnostic centres for testing often results in large loss to follow-up, owing to the many barriers people face in accessing care. The transportation of sputum samples is an efficient method of increasing access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics in areas where testing is not currently available. One of the major reasons for the low yield of TB cases in the field was delay in sputum sample transportation to diagnostic laboratories among other factors. Damien Foundation Belgium, carried out a unique sputum riders initiatives in 20 LGAs of Lagos state between Q3-2019 and Q4-2020. A total of 25 sputum dispatch riders across the 20 LGAs in the State who are monitored routinely on an electronic dashboard were engaged for sputum logistics. Therefore, this report highlights how the initiatives ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ve </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">contributed to increased TB case notification in a densely populated metropolitan city in Nigeria. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Overall, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">48,265 units of sputum samples were transported to the laboratory from the facilities 99.9% of results </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were received from the laboratory by the dispatch riders</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The contribution of sputum riders to the overall TB case detection by the project progressively increased from 9% when the intervention began to 57% as at Q4 2020. The transportation of sputum samples by motorcycle dispatch riders is an efficient method of increasing access to TB diagnostic services in communities where testing is not currently available.</span>展开更多
The purpose was to create a stabilometric platform to analyze the rider’s balance. After anatomical and saddle’s mark study, four bones support points representing the rider’s base were determined, that will allow ...The purpose was to create a stabilometric platform to analyze the rider’s balance. After anatomical and saddle’s mark study, four bones support points representing the rider’s base were determined, that will allow the construction of our rider posture diagnostic aid platform. The sensors profile was realized and the stirrups dynamometers were calibrated through an extensometry study. To validate by comparison with a stabilometric platform (OIML 6000 sensors), one series of 28 observations under the same conditions were carried out (the two platforms adjusted one on the other), statistical analyses on the X and Y axis were performed with normality distribution test (S-W), t test and non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (p-value > 0.05). To analyze our two methods of measuring the centre of pressure position, a Bland-Altman analysis has been plotted and the intra class correlation value computed. The Bland-Altman graph showed a small bias value (-0.4 ± 0.8mm) with acceptable limits of agreement for rider balance analyses. The results of the present study suggested that the new platform was accurate and reliable and could be used for further prospective studies in order to optimize the rider’s posture and preserve the horse’s health.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Boda-Boda is a well-known and booming motorcycle taxi that employs youths to earn a living. They transport passengers at a faster rate where other means of transport are inacce...<strong>Background:</strong> Boda-Boda is a well-known and booming motorcycle taxi that employs youths to earn a living. They transport passengers at a faster rate where other means of transport are inaccessible or would be time consuming. Global statistics show that HIV has continued to be a major global Public Health issue especially among the “Most At-risk Populations” (MAPs) that include commercial transporters and Boda-Boda riders. <strong>Aim:</strong> This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and predisposing factors for HIV/AIDS among Boda-Boda riders living in Mbarara Municipality. Specifically, the study determined the prevalence of HIV among the Boda-Boda riders, identified social demographic predisposing factors for HIV and determined knowledge of Boda riders on prevention of HIV. <strong>Study setting:</strong> Boda-Boda operators in the transport sector are at high risk of HIV infection but the HIV status of the Boda Riders in Mbarara was not known a reason why the study was instituted: <strong>Study design:</strong> This was an analytical and descriptive cross-sectional study that employed quantitative methods of data collection. The study population comprised the registered Boda-Boda operators from two divisions of Kakoba and Kakiika in Mbarara municipality. <strong>Sample size and sampling methods:</strong> Using Morgan’s table (1970), the population of the registered Boda Riders was 15,041;this corresponded to a sample size of 375 respondents by Morgan Table. Systematic sampling procedure was used to get every 3rd registered rider on the list. <strong>Data collection:</strong> A pre-tested structured tool aided data collection after group pretest counseling. Individual counseling was also done prior to testing and giving results. The laboratory technologists drew blood to determine the sero-status of the respondents. Results were recorded as tested reactive (TRR) or tested non-reactive (TR). Unigold was used as tie breaker to confirm their diagnosis in order to ascertain those who were HIV positive on determine. <strong>Data analysis:</strong> Analysis was done at univariate, bivariate and multivariate using STATA version 13, Statistical significance of the relationship was determined for the p-value (p ≤ 0.05). Significant variables were then considered at multivariate level of analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> More than half 195 (52%) of the Boda-Boda cyclist had attained primary level of education and 36.5% secondary education. HIV prevalence among Boda-Boda riders was 9.9%. Riders who had never heard of VCT/HCT screening for HIV were three times likely to acquire HIV compared to those who ever heard of VCT/HCT screening (OR = 3.35;95% CI 1.14 9.83;p = 0.027). Those with multiple partners were six times more likely to acquire HIV/AIDS compared to those who buy sex from prostitutes (OR = 6.13;95% CI 1.54 24.38;p = 0.01). The level of awareness of VCT was found high at (94.7%), and the general knowledge about utilization and importance of VCT services was at 80%, however condom use as a preventive measure was found low at 44.3% among the respondent Boda-Boda riders. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Boda-Boda riders had high HIV prevalence of 9.9% compared to that of Mbarara district at 6.1% and much higher than 5.7% national HIV prevalence level. The predisposing factors to acquire HIV/AIDS were having multiple sexual partners, not having heard of HIV counseling and testing as well as low and inconsistent condom use at 44.3%. The study recommends health service providers and HIV counselors to intensify awareness and behavior change campaigns on condom use among the Boda-Boda riders as preventive measure against HIV.展开更多
A former construction worker turned food delivery rider,Wang Jibing has written thousands of poems inspired by life on the road,giving voice to China's unseen urban laborers.
As dawn light gently wakes a city's streets and alleys,millions of food delivery riders set off on their electric bicycles,weaving through the urban landscape.They are not only the vital link connecting hundreds o...As dawn light gently wakes a city's streets and alleys,millions of food delivery riders set off on their electric bicycles,weaving through the urban landscape.They are not only the vital link connecting hundreds of millions of consumers with numerous merchants,but also the most perceptive "mobile sensors" in urban governance.In the broader drive to advance the modernization of China's governance system and capacity,how to transform this emerging workforce from "urban passersby" into "partners in co-governance" has become a key issue — one that government authorities and platform enterprises are now exploring together.展开更多
The recent heroic actions of food delivery riders,who have gone well beyond their usual duties to provide emergency aid and rescue,are gaining public attention.A compelling example is that of Meng Shixiang,a food deli...The recent heroic actions of food delivery riders,who have gone well beyond their usual duties to provide emergency aid and rescue,are gaining public attention.A compelling example is that of Meng Shixiang,a food delivery rider in Beijing,whose bravery in protecting a young girl from harassment went viral online in June.展开更多
American author Katherine Anne Porter’s novelette Pale Horse,Pale Rider takes the First World War and the Great Pandemic of 1918 as the background.Through some modernist techniques such as stream of consciousness and...American author Katherine Anne Porter’s novelette Pale Horse,Pale Rider takes the First World War and the Great Pandemic of 1918 as the background.Through some modernist techniques such as stream of consciousness and non-linear narrative,the story focuses on the chaotic and broken feelings of the heroine Miranda during her illness.The illness experience offers an opportunity for Miranda to think about life.In this case,Miranda’s existential crisis,haunting and difficult to solve,is revealed through the psychological description during her illness and the implication of the modernist narrative techniques.In addition,descriptions of people’s lives during the war exposes great oppression of the war on people,suggesting social cause of Miranda’s existential crisis.Through analysis of the plague writing and the social situation in the text,this essay will conclude that modernist plague writing is a manifestation of the existential crisis,and the plague has symbolic meaning in the text,implying the existential crisis of Americans under the influence of the First World War.展开更多
Food delivery riders are one of the main representatives of the gig economy group.To safeguard their basic rights and interests,an in-depth study of the inequality issues they encounter is an important prerequisite.In...Food delivery riders are one of the main representatives of the gig economy group.To safeguard their basic rights and interests,an in-depth study of the inequality issues they encounter is an important prerequisite.In current relevant research,discussions on the overall"time-space"framework for food delivery riders are still insufficient.This paper takes food delivery riders from two major platforms,Meituan and Ele.me,as the main research objects,and systematically explores the time and spatial inequality issues faced by food delivery riders.By subdividing the two overall frameworks into different small dimensions,this paper conducts an in-depth discussion and research combined with the method of case analysis.From the perspective of time and space,this paper elaborates on the various inequality issues encountered by food delivery riders and constructs a"time-space"analytical framework.展开更多
基金supported by Victoria University of Wellington 2024 PhD Faculty Grant HSSE(Grant No.:FG-HSSE-12486).
文摘The Māori people are indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand,and their language and culture are considered vital components of the nation’s cultural heritage.However,Te Reo Māori is regarded as a lowresource language outside of New Zealand,and its literary works usually rely on English as a pivot language for translation and communication.Therefore,in the process of promoting Māori literature as part of world literature by translating it into non-English languages,the accurate translation of cultural keywords is crucial to prevent dilemmas such as information loss and cultural misappropriation.In this article,we aim to explore effective translation strategies to enhance the international visibility and readership of Māori literature by analysing the rendition of Māori cultural keywords in the Chinese translation of“The Whale Rider”.
文摘The modern development in cloud technologies has turned the idea of cloud gaming into sensible behaviour. The cloud gaming provides an interactive gaming application, which remotely processed in a cloud system, and it streamed the scenes as video series to play through network. Therefore, cloud gaming is a capable approach, which quickly increases the cloud computing platform. Obtaining enhanced user experience in cloud gaming structure is not insignificant task because user anticipates less response delay and high quality videos. To achieve this, cloud providers need to be able to accurately predict irregular player workloads in order to schedule the necessary resources. In this paper, an effective technique, named as Fractional Rider Deep Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network is developed for workload prediction in cloud gaming. The workload of each resource is computed based on developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM network. Moreover, resource allocation is performed by fractional Rider-based Harmony Search Algorithm (Rider-based HSA). This Fractional Rider-based HSA is developed by combining Fractional calculus (FC), Rider optimization algorithm (ROA) and Harmony search algorithm (HSA). Moreover, the developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM is developed by integrating FC and Rider Deep LSTM. In addition, the multi-objective parameters, namely gaming experience loss QE, Mean Opinion Score (MOS), Fairness, energy, network parameters, and predictive load are considered for efficient resource allocation and workload prediction. Additionally, the developed workload prediction model achieved better performance using various parameters, like fairness, MOS, QE, energy and delay. Hence, the developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM model showed enhanced results with maximum fairness, MOS, QE of 0.999, 0.921, 0.999 and less energy and delay of 0.322 and 0.456.
文摘The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety performance of four exit ramp types and the major contributing factors on motorcycle crashes and injury severity of motorcycle riders. A six-year crash data were collected in Florida, and a web-based survey (234 samples) was conducted. 573 crashes were found at 419 exits, including 178 diamond exits, 71 directional exits, 85 loop exits and 85 outer connection exits. For a diamond exit, both the survey and crash data showed that this type was safer and more preferable by motorcycle riders;while a loop exit was the most dangerous exit due to the sharp curve and a certain length of curve with limited visibility. For a directional exit, longer ramp lengths and the reverse curvature are the major factors causing motorcycle crashes. For an outer connection exit, the riders rated it as a safe type;however, the data showed higher average crash frequency and rate than those at diamond exits or directional exits. The possible reason could be the unexpected curvature in the middle of the ramp, which could be dangerous if the rider is not familiar with the exit ramp location or doesn’t pay attention to the ramp curvatures. The crash predictive model was developed, and the result indicated that if all remained the same, a directional exit, a loop exit, or an outer connection exit will have 16%, 27%, and 42% more crashes than a diamond exit, respectively. The findings from this study can help policy-makers and engineers to develop and apply effective countermeasures to reduce motorcycle crashes and injury severity levels for different exit ramp types.
文摘Currently,e-learning is one of the most prevalent educational methods because of its need in today’s world.Virtual classrooms and web-based learning are becoming the new method of teaching remotely.The students experience a lack of access to resources commonly the educational material.In remote loca-tions,educational institutions face significant challenges in accessing various web-based materials due to bandwidth and network infrastructure limitations.The objective of this study is to demonstrate an optimization and queueing tech-nique for allocating optimal servers and slots for users to access cloud-based e-learning applications.The proposed method provides the optimization and queue-ing algorithm for multi-server and multi-city constraints and considers where to locate the best servers.For optimal server selection,the Rider Optimization Algo-rithm(ROA)is utilized.A performance analysis based on time,memory and delay was carried out for the proposed methodology in comparison with the exist-ing techniques.The proposed Rider Optimization Algorithm is compared to Par-ticle Swarm Optimization(PSO),Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Firefly Algorithm(FFA),the proposed method is more suitable and effective because the other three algorithms drop in local optima and are only suitable for small numbers of user requests.Thus the proposed method outweighs the conventional techniques by its enhanced performance over them.
文摘Terracotta rider fi gurines are common artifacts in the past, generally combinations of person riding animals like horse or camel, through these organic fi gures we can see vivid pictures of ancient social life and cultural evolution. A lot of researches on terracotta fi gurines have been reported, but terracotta rider fi gurines have been less studied as an independent object. This paper studied terracotta rider fi gurines, and found that this cultural form originated from the Warring States Period, thrived in the Tang Dynasty, and declined gradually after the Yuan Dynasty. The declination of ancient terracotta rider fi gurine culture owes to the changing social environment in different historical periods. Researches on terracotta rider fi gurines explored social customs and conventions behind them, and provided signifi cant theoretical support for protecting the cultural heritage.
文摘The use of Winderen Knee Protection Solution stirrups compared to standard iron stirrups, reveals the following benefits: 1) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 14 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 5 - 7 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for muscles around the knee. 2) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 25 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 9 - 10 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for ligaments around the knee. 3) A significant improvement in the E-score (less time exposed to stress and shock) and ST-score (lower force around the knee) whilst walking. 4) A considerable improvement in rider comfort and feeling of leg stability (self-assessment) compared with the owners current stirrups, whilst riding.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The act of referring TB presumptive individuals after verbal screening to another health facility/diagnostic centres for testing often results in large loss to follow-up, owing to the many barriers people face in accessing care. The transportation of sputum samples is an efficient method of increasing access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics in areas where testing is not currently available. One of the major reasons for the low yield of TB cases in the field was delay in sputum sample transportation to diagnostic laboratories among other factors. Damien Foundation Belgium, carried out a unique sputum riders initiatives in 20 LGAs of Lagos state between Q3-2019 and Q4-2020. A total of 25 sputum dispatch riders across the 20 LGAs in the State who are monitored routinely on an electronic dashboard were engaged for sputum logistics. Therefore, this report highlights how the initiatives ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ve </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">contributed to increased TB case notification in a densely populated metropolitan city in Nigeria. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Overall, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">48,265 units of sputum samples were transported to the laboratory from the facilities 99.9% of results </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were received from the laboratory by the dispatch riders</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The contribution of sputum riders to the overall TB case detection by the project progressively increased from 9% when the intervention began to 57% as at Q4 2020. The transportation of sputum samples by motorcycle dispatch riders is an efficient method of increasing access to TB diagnostic services in communities where testing is not currently available.</span>
文摘The purpose was to create a stabilometric platform to analyze the rider’s balance. After anatomical and saddle’s mark study, four bones support points representing the rider’s base were determined, that will allow the construction of our rider posture diagnostic aid platform. The sensors profile was realized and the stirrups dynamometers were calibrated through an extensometry study. To validate by comparison with a stabilometric platform (OIML 6000 sensors), one series of 28 observations under the same conditions were carried out (the two platforms adjusted one on the other), statistical analyses on the X and Y axis were performed with normality distribution test (S-W), t test and non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (p-value > 0.05). To analyze our two methods of measuring the centre of pressure position, a Bland-Altman analysis has been plotted and the intra class correlation value computed. The Bland-Altman graph showed a small bias value (-0.4 ± 0.8mm) with acceptable limits of agreement for rider balance analyses. The results of the present study suggested that the new platform was accurate and reliable and could be used for further prospective studies in order to optimize the rider’s posture and preserve the horse’s health.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Boda-Boda is a well-known and booming motorcycle taxi that employs youths to earn a living. They transport passengers at a faster rate where other means of transport are inaccessible or would be time consuming. Global statistics show that HIV has continued to be a major global Public Health issue especially among the “Most At-risk Populations” (MAPs) that include commercial transporters and Boda-Boda riders. <strong>Aim:</strong> This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and predisposing factors for HIV/AIDS among Boda-Boda riders living in Mbarara Municipality. Specifically, the study determined the prevalence of HIV among the Boda-Boda riders, identified social demographic predisposing factors for HIV and determined knowledge of Boda riders on prevention of HIV. <strong>Study setting:</strong> Boda-Boda operators in the transport sector are at high risk of HIV infection but the HIV status of the Boda Riders in Mbarara was not known a reason why the study was instituted: <strong>Study design:</strong> This was an analytical and descriptive cross-sectional study that employed quantitative methods of data collection. The study population comprised the registered Boda-Boda operators from two divisions of Kakoba and Kakiika in Mbarara municipality. <strong>Sample size and sampling methods:</strong> Using Morgan’s table (1970), the population of the registered Boda Riders was 15,041;this corresponded to a sample size of 375 respondents by Morgan Table. Systematic sampling procedure was used to get every 3rd registered rider on the list. <strong>Data collection:</strong> A pre-tested structured tool aided data collection after group pretest counseling. Individual counseling was also done prior to testing and giving results. The laboratory technologists drew blood to determine the sero-status of the respondents. Results were recorded as tested reactive (TRR) or tested non-reactive (TR). Unigold was used as tie breaker to confirm their diagnosis in order to ascertain those who were HIV positive on determine. <strong>Data analysis:</strong> Analysis was done at univariate, bivariate and multivariate using STATA version 13, Statistical significance of the relationship was determined for the p-value (p ≤ 0.05). Significant variables were then considered at multivariate level of analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> More than half 195 (52%) of the Boda-Boda cyclist had attained primary level of education and 36.5% secondary education. HIV prevalence among Boda-Boda riders was 9.9%. Riders who had never heard of VCT/HCT screening for HIV were three times likely to acquire HIV compared to those who ever heard of VCT/HCT screening (OR = 3.35;95% CI 1.14 9.83;p = 0.027). Those with multiple partners were six times more likely to acquire HIV/AIDS compared to those who buy sex from prostitutes (OR = 6.13;95% CI 1.54 24.38;p = 0.01). The level of awareness of VCT was found high at (94.7%), and the general knowledge about utilization and importance of VCT services was at 80%, however condom use as a preventive measure was found low at 44.3% among the respondent Boda-Boda riders. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Boda-Boda riders had high HIV prevalence of 9.9% compared to that of Mbarara district at 6.1% and much higher than 5.7% national HIV prevalence level. The predisposing factors to acquire HIV/AIDS were having multiple sexual partners, not having heard of HIV counseling and testing as well as low and inconsistent condom use at 44.3%. The study recommends health service providers and HIV counselors to intensify awareness and behavior change campaigns on condom use among the Boda-Boda riders as preventive measure against HIV.
基金This research was j ointly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Project Number： 51278103） and Humanity and Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China （Project Number： 10YJCZH214）.
文摘A former construction worker turned food delivery rider,Wang Jibing has written thousands of poems inspired by life on the road,giving voice to China's unseen urban laborers.
文摘As dawn light gently wakes a city's streets and alleys,millions of food delivery riders set off on their electric bicycles,weaving through the urban landscape.They are not only the vital link connecting hundreds of millions of consumers with numerous merchants,but also the most perceptive "mobile sensors" in urban governance.In the broader drive to advance the modernization of China's governance system and capacity,how to transform this emerging workforce from "urban passersby" into "partners in co-governance" has become a key issue — one that government authorities and platform enterprises are now exploring together.
文摘The recent heroic actions of food delivery riders,who have gone well beyond their usual duties to provide emergency aid and rescue,are gaining public attention.A compelling example is that of Meng Shixiang,a food delivery rider in Beijing,whose bravery in protecting a young girl from harassment went viral online in June.
文摘American author Katherine Anne Porter’s novelette Pale Horse,Pale Rider takes the First World War and the Great Pandemic of 1918 as the background.Through some modernist techniques such as stream of consciousness and non-linear narrative,the story focuses on the chaotic and broken feelings of the heroine Miranda during her illness.The illness experience offers an opportunity for Miranda to think about life.In this case,Miranda’s existential crisis,haunting and difficult to solve,is revealed through the psychological description during her illness and the implication of the modernist narrative techniques.In addition,descriptions of people’s lives during the war exposes great oppression of the war on people,suggesting social cause of Miranda’s existential crisis.Through analysis of the plague writing and the social situation in the text,this essay will conclude that modernist plague writing is a manifestation of the existential crisis,and the plague has symbolic meaning in the text,implying the existential crisis of Americans under the influence of the First World War.
文摘Food delivery riders are one of the main representatives of the gig economy group.To safeguard their basic rights and interests,an in-depth study of the inequality issues they encounter is an important prerequisite.In current relevant research,discussions on the overall"time-space"framework for food delivery riders are still insufficient.This paper takes food delivery riders from two major platforms,Meituan and Ele.me,as the main research objects,and systematically explores the time and spatial inequality issues faced by food delivery riders.By subdividing the two overall frameworks into different small dimensions,this paper conducts an in-depth discussion and research combined with the method of case analysis.From the perspective of time and space,this paper elaborates on the various inequality issues encountered by food delivery riders and constructs a"time-space"analytical framework.
