Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmen...Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmental gradients.Particularly,the relative importance(RIV)of different plant life forms in a community and how they vary with environmental variables are still unclear.To fill these gaps,we determined plant diversity of ephemeral plants,annual herbs,perennial herbs,and woody plants from 187 sites across drylands in China.The SR patterns of herbaceous plants,especially perennial herbs,and their RIV in plant communities increased with increasing precipitation and soil nutrient content;however,the RIV of annual herbs was not altered along these gradients.The SR and RIV of ephemeral plants were affected mainly by precipitation seasonality.The SR of woody plants had a unimodal relationship with air temperature and exhibited the highest RIV and SR percentage in plant communities under the harshest environments.An obvious shift emerged in plant community composition,SR and their critical impact factors at 238.5 mm of mean annual precipitation(MAP).In mesic regions(>238.5 mm),herbs were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively slow decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by MAP and soil nutrients.In arid regions(<238.5 mm),woody plants were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively fast decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by climate variables,especially precipitation.Our findings highlight the importance of comparative life form studies in community structure and biodiversity,as their responses to gradients differed substantially on a large scale.展开更多
In this paper,we focus on the channel estimation for multi-user MIMO-OFDM systems in rich scattering environments.We find that channel sparsity in the delay-angle domain is severely compromised in rich scattering envi...In this paper,we focus on the channel estimation for multi-user MIMO-OFDM systems in rich scattering environments.We find that channel sparsity in the delay-angle domain is severely compromised in rich scattering environments,so that most existing compressed sensing(CS)based techniques can harvest a very limited gain(if any)in reducing the channel estimation overhead.To address the problem,we propose the learning-based turbo message passing(LTMP)algorithm.Instead of exploiting the channel sparsity,LTMP is able to efficiently extract the channel feature via deep learning as well as to exploit the channel continuity in the frequency domain via block-wise linear modelling.More specifically,as a component of LTMP,we develop a multi-scale parallel dilated convolutional neural network(MPDCNN),which leverages frequency-space channel correlation in different scales for channel denoising.We evaluate the LTMP’s performance in MIMO-OFDM channels using the 3rd generation partnership project(3GPP)clustered delay line(CDL)channel models.Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation method has more than 5 dB power gain than the existing algorithms when the normalized mean-square error of the channel estimation is-20 dB.The proposed algorithm also exhibits strong robustness in various environments.展开更多
Mullite-silica rich glass(MSRG)composites are a more efficient material than chamotte for industrial utilization of clay in refractory applications.The properties of the MSRG composites depend on the amount and compos...Mullite-silica rich glass(MSRG)composites are a more efficient material than chamotte for industrial utilization of clay in refractory applications.The properties of the MSRG composites depend on the amount and composition of the mulite and glass phases,which are related to the chemical composition of the MSRG composites based on clay.In the present work,the relationship between the phase and the chemical composition of the MSRG composites,and the effects of the chemical composition of the glass phase on the viscosity and coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of the glass phase were discussed on the basis of the measurements on 17 MSRG composite samples produced from clay.It is found that the Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) ratio(AS ratio)in clay strongly affects the amount of the mullite and glass phases in the MSRG composites,and the distributions of SiO_(2),TiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3) contents in the mullite and glass phases.With the increase of the A/S ratio of clay,the mullite content increases but the the glass phase content decreases in the MSRG composites.The viscosity and CTE of the glass phase depend on its A/S ratio and the amount of impurity oxides.When the A/S ratio in the glass phase is less than 0.15,the viscosity of the liquid formed by the melting of the glass phase at elevated temperatures rapidly increases with the decrease in the A/S ratio.The CTE of the glass phase depends on the contents of Si0_(2)and(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O).展开更多
The publisher regrets to inform that in the article of Advanced Powder Materials 4(2025)100261,the published Figs.3 and 5 belong to the initially submitted version,which should be replaced by the final version.The dif...The publisher regrets to inform that in the article of Advanced Powder Materials 4(2025)100261,the published Figs.3 and 5 belong to the initially submitted version,which should be replaced by the final version.The differences between the initial and final versions of these figures are described below.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer tissues mainly consist of fibrotic and dense stroma,which limits their therapeutic efficacy.The stromal fibroblasts of pancreatic tumors frequently express the secreted protein acidic and ...BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer tissues mainly consist of fibrotic and dense stroma,which limits their therapeutic efficacy.The stromal fibroblasts of pancreatic tumors frequently express the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC).AIM To assess the impact of SPARC and its oncological relevance in patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection.METHODS Ninety-one pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specimens were obtained from patients with curative resection between January 2009 and December 2015 as a retrospective study.SPARC expression patterns were analyzed using immunohistochemistry.Oncological outcomes were analyzed based on SPARC expression patterns.Oncological outcomes,based on SPARC expression,were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma cohort(retrieved from a public database).RESULTS Patients with stromal SPARC expression(sSPARC+)had poorer overall survival than that in those without it(sSPARC-)(P=0.035).However,among patients who received adjuvant treatment,no difference was observed in survival between the sSPARC+and the sSPARC-groups(P=0.14).In The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma samples,the high SPARC expression group exhibited noticeably lower overall survival than that in the low expression group(cutoff:14.1295,P=0.0222).Furthermore,SPARC expression was strongly correlated with the percentage the CD10+stromal component(R2=0.804,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survivals in sSPARC+pancreatic cancer patients,indicating suggesting sSPARC expression as a prognostic biomarker and potential indicator for neoadjuvant treatment planning.展开更多
Platelet rich plasma(PRP)is an autologous blood product rich in platelets,showing promise in reducing inflammation and accelerating healing.While extensively utilized in plastic surgery,dermatology,and osteoarthritis ...Platelet rich plasma(PRP)is an autologous blood product rich in platelets,showing promise in reducing inflammation and accelerating healing.While extensively utilized in plastic surgery,dermatology,and osteoarthritis treatment,its application in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries is limited.This article examines PRP's potential in ACL reconstruction(ACLR),exploring its history,current usage,controversies and future directions.PRP has demonstrated significant early benefits in ligamentisation and vascularisation post-ACLR,though its long-term efficacy is inconsistent.Studies suggest that PRP may serve as both an adjunct therapy in ACLR to enhance initial healing and reduce postoperative complications,and as a non-surgical alternative for small ACL tears.Despite these promising findings,outcome variability necessitates further high-quality research to optimize PRP formulations and determine its most effective applications.The exploration of PRP as a treatment modality in ACLR offers promising but varied outcomes.PRP holds considerable promise as both an adjunct and alternative to traditional ACLR.This article underscores the need for targeted research to fully realize PRP's therapeutic potential in ACL treatment,aiming to inform future studies and clinical practices.By understanding PRP's mechanisms of efficacy and identifying the most beneficial patient populations,PRP could significantly impact orthopaedics and sports medicine,improving recovery pathways and patient outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lower limb atherosclerotic occlusive disease(LAOD)is a common complication in diabetic patients,leading to significant symptoms and reduced quality of life.AIM To investigate the efficacy of autologous plat...BACKGROUND Lower limb atherosclerotic occlusive disease(LAOD)is a common complication in diabetic patients,leading to significant symptoms and reduced quality of life.AIM To investigate the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich gel(APRG)as an innovative treatment for LAOD,focusing on clinical outcomes such as symptom relief,flow values,ankle-brachial index(ABI),walking distance,and claudication severity.METHODS This retrospective study involved an analysis of electronic medical records(EMR)from 150 patients diagnosed with LAOD.Participants were assigned to either a treatment group(n=80)or a control group(n=70).Both groups received standard care and underwent dressing changes.In addition,the treatment group was given APRG.Primary outcomes included changes in pain levels,wound healing rates,flow values assessed by plethysmography,ABI measurements,walking distance,and claudication severity.Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significance of the results.RESULTS The APRG group showed significant improvements after 12 weeks,including a 70%reduction in pain,a 65%increase in wound healing rates,and an average walking distance increase of 150 meters.Flow values improved by 20%,with significant enhancements in ABI measurements(P<0.01).Additionally,patient satisfaction was higher,and 60%of patients reported improved claudication severity,confirming the efficacy of APRG in enhancing clinical outcomes for lower LAOD.CONCLUSION The APRG demonstrates significant efficacy in managing LAOD in diabetic patients,improving key clinical parameters including flow values,ABI,walking distance,and claudication.These findings support the need for further prospective studies to validate long-term efficacy and optimize treatment strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Incisional hernias are a common complication of previous surgeries and remain a persistent issue in clinical practice,posing a significant burden on healthcare systems despite advances in education and tech...BACKGROUND Incisional hernias are a common complication of previous surgeries and remain a persistent issue in clinical practice,posing a significant burden on healthcare systems despite advances in education and technology.Surgical techniques,primarily involving the use of mesh to cover the abdominal wall gap,are widely used as a standard intervention strategy.AIM To examine the regeneration of the aponeurosis defect in the anterior abdominal wall in rats using regenerative mimetic factors of the extracellular matrix[ReGeneraTing Agent(RGTA)],adipose tissue micrografts(ATM),and platelet rich plasma(PRP)as regenerative agents.METHODS Regenerative agents such as RGTA,ATM,and PRP are gaining popularity.ATM involves autologous adipose tissue cells with mesenchymal stem cell markers and a high percentage of stromal vascular fraction cells.RGTAs are heparan sulfate(HS)mimetics that replace degraded HSs in damaged tissue,enhancing the quality and speed of repair.PRP is a concentrated plasma preparation containing seven fundamental proteins responsible for tissue production.An acellular dermal matrix is a biological implant free of cellular or antigenic components,making it an excellent material for reconstructive surgery.Polyglactin is a synthetic,absorbable mesh that loses 50%of its strength after fourteen days,providing initial support for new tissue regeneration before being completely absorbed.RESULTS Rats will undergo a laparotomy with a precise 2 cm by 2 cm excision of the anterior abdominal wall fascia below the umbilicus.They will be divided into sixteen groups,each receiving different combinations of regenerative factor injections into the denervated area in both non-contaminated and contaminated environments.A collagenelastin matrix will be used to join the aponeurosis edges,with an absorbable polyglactin mesh anchored over it.Samples will be taken for macroscopic,histological,and immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue regeneration.CONCLUSION Our study aims to demonstrate how these factors promote cell proliferation and healing of the denervated anterior abdominal wall,potentially reducing the frequency and complications of incisional hernias.This approach could offer a more economical and efficient treatment option compared to current costly methods.展开更多
The rapid development of electric vehicles and portable energy storage systems demands improvements in the energy density and cost-effectiveness of lithium-ion batteries,a domain in which Lithium-rich layered cathode(...The rapid development of electric vehicles and portable energy storage systems demands improvements in the energy density and cost-effectiveness of lithium-ion batteries,a domain in which Lithium-rich layered cathode(LLO)materials inherently excel.However,these materials face practical challenges,such as low initial Coulombic efficiency,inferior cycle/rate performance,and voltage decline during cycling,which limit practical application.Our study introduces a surface multi-component integration strategy that incorporates oxygen vacancies into the pristine LLO material Li1.2Mn_(0.6)Ni_(0.2)O_(2).This process involves a brief citric acid treatment followed by calcination,aiming to explore rate-dependent degradation behavior.The induced surface oxygen vacancies can reduce surface oxygen partial pressure and diminish the generation of O_(2)and other highly reactive oxygen species on the surface,thereby facilitating the activation of Li ions trapped in tetrahedral sites while overcoming transport barriers.Additionally,the formation of a spinel-like phase with 3D Li+diffusion channels significantly improves Li^(+)diffusion kinetics and stabilizes the surface structure.The optimally modified sample boasts a discharge capacity of 299.5 mA h g^(-1)at a 0.1 C and 251.6 mA h g^(-1)at a 1 C during the initial activation cycle,with an impressive capacity of 222.1 mA h g^(-1)at a 5 C.Most notably,it retained nearly 70%of its capacity after 300 cycles at this elevated rate.This straightforward,effective,and highly viable modification strategy provides a crucial resolution for overcoming challenges associated with LLO materials,making them more suitable for practical application.展开更多
The decrease in species richness toward higher latitudes is an expected biogeographical pattern.This pattern could be related to particular envi-ronmental constraints and the evolutionary history of clades.However,spe...The decrease in species richness toward higher latitudes is an expected biogeographical pattern.This pattern could be related to particular envi-ronmental constraints and the evolutionary history of clades.However,species richness does not fully represent the evolutionary history of the clades behind their distributions.Phylogenetic diversity better clarifies the role of historical factors in biogeographical patterns.We analyzed envi-ronmental and historical drivers related to latitudinal variation in species richness and phylogenetic diversity of Atlantic Forest endemic snakes.We implemented species distribution models,from voucherbased locality points,to map the snake ranges and diversity.We used generalized additive mixed models to evaluate the relationships among the diversity metrics and area,topographical roughness,and past climate change velocity since the Last Maximum Glacial in the Atlantic Forest latitudinal gradient.Contrary to the expected general pattern,species richness was higher toward higher latitudes,being positively related to past climatic stability.Species richness also increased with total area and higher topographical roughness.Phylogenetic diversity,on the other hand,showed opposite relationships related to the same factors.Phylogenetic diversity increased with lower climatic stability in lower latitudes.Thus,dimensions of diversity were affected in different ways by historical and environmental constraints in this unique and threatened biodiversity hotspot.展开更多
Since the time of Darwin,subspecies have been recognized as an initial stage in the evolution of species.However,the impact of dispersal on subspecies richness in birds globally has received little attention,despite d...Since the time of Darwin,subspecies have been recognized as an initial stage in the evolution of species.However,the impact of dispersal on subspecies richness in birds globally has received little attention,despite dispersal being a key factor in determining the rate of evolution and playing a significant role in evolutionary divergence.Therefore,it is important to conduct a comprehensive study to address this issue.In this study,we aimed to assess the association between subspecies richness(measured by the number of subspecies)and dispersal ability(measured by the hand-wing index)on a global scale,using a dataset of over 7000 bird species.Our results revealed a negative correlation between dispersal ability and the number of subspecies,without any quadratic correlation.The wing is a crucial phenotypic trait for birds,and the concept of subspecies is important in speciation theory and conservation biology.Therefore,our findings not only enhance our understanding of the association between avian morphological traits and evolutionary divergence but also have implications for the conservation of avian species diversity.展开更多
Metal-free carbon-based materials offer a promising alternative to Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).However,challenges persist due to its sluggish kinetics and poor acid ORR performance.Here,...Metal-free carbon-based materials offer a promising alternative to Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).However,challenges persist due to its sluggish kinetics and poor acid ORR performance.Here,we introduce a novel nitrogen-doped porous carbon with rich defects sites (such as pentagons,edge and vacancy defects)(PV/HPC) via a simple etching strategy.The PV/HPC demonstrates long-term stability and exceptional catalytic activity with half-wave potential of 0.9 V and average electron transfer number of 3.98 in alkaline solution while 0.78 V and 3.78 in acidic solution,indicating its efficiency and robustness as an ORR catalyst.Additionally,it achieves a higher kinetic current density of 91.9 m A cm^(-2)at 0.8 V,which is 1.75 times that of Pt/C (52.5 mA cm^(-2)).Furthemore,it enables Al-air battery to attain a maximum power density of 487 mW cm^(-2),compared to 477 mW cm^(-2) for the Pt/C catalyst.Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that the introduction of multifunctional defects in nitrogen-doped porous carbon collectively reduces the reaction energy barrier of the departure of OH*and boosts the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.This work presents a simple method to design durable and effective carbon-based ORR catalysts.展开更多
Design and preparation of highly efficient zeolite catalysts for gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam are attractive but still challenging.Herein,we show a one-pot synthesis of silica...Design and preparation of highly efficient zeolite catalysts for gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam are attractive but still challenging.Herein,we show a one-pot synthesis of silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with rich H-bonded silanols.The key to this success is the use of urea in the synthetic system.Catalytic tests of cyclohexanone oxime gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement show that the silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with H-bonded silanols exhibit higher selectivity for caprolactam and longer reaction lifetime than those of the conventional silicalite-1 zeolite.Theoretical simulations reveal that the ammonium decomposed by urea is a critical additive for the formation of H-bond silanols.Obviously,one-pot synthesis of silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with rich H-bonded silanols plus excellent catalytic performance in the Beckmann rearrangement offer a new opportunity for development of highly efficient zeolites for catalytic applications in the future.展开更多
Investigating the activation of the persulfate process through heterogeneous carbonaceous catalysts to expedite the reduction of uranyl ions(U(Ⅵ))is imperative.The primary hurdle involves understanding the transfer a...Investigating the activation of the persulfate process through heterogeneous carbonaceous catalysts to expedite the reduction of uranyl ions(U(Ⅵ))is imperative.The primary hurdle involves understanding the transfer and distribution of photogenerated carriers during the reduction process in this intricate system and deciphering the role of activated groups in promoting reduction efficiency.In this study,we strategically regulate the structure of polymeric carbon nitride to promote the N-doped state,thereby facilitating delocalization electron enrichment.The resulting active sites effectively activate peroxyl disulfate(PDS),generating radicals that expedite the selective reduction of U(VI).This strategic approach mitigates the inherent disadvantage of the short half-life of free radicals in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes.As a consequence of our endeavors and with the simultaneous presence of PDS and hydrogen peroxide,we achieve an exceptional photoreduction efficiency of 100%within a remarkably short period of 20 min.This breakthrough presents a high-efficiency application with significant potential for addressing the pollution associated with uranylcontaining wastewater.Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of AOPs but also offer a practical solution with implications for environmental remediation.展开更多
RICHARD MILLE理查米尔腕表与众不同的本质就在于其精密复杂的机械结构、美学设计和服贴手腕的人体工学造型,如同佩戴者的第二层肌肤,轻便、纤薄、运动感十足的表体线条。人体工学作为一个独立学科,满打满算也只有不到50年时间,虽然称...RICHARD MILLE理查米尔腕表与众不同的本质就在于其精密复杂的机械结构、美学设计和服贴手腕的人体工学造型,如同佩戴者的第二层肌肤,轻便、纤薄、运动感十足的表体线条。人体工学作为一个独立学科,满打满算也只有不到50年时间,虽然称不上历史悠久,但是它从人自身出发,在以人为主体的前提下研究人们的一切生活、生产活动中综合分析的新思路,正是顺应着社会发展的潮流和实际生活中的最高应用准则。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225032,32001192,32271597)+1 种基金the Innovation Base Project of Gansu Province(2021YFF0703904)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(24JRRA515,22JR5RA525,23JRRA1157).
文摘Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmental gradients.Particularly,the relative importance(RIV)of different plant life forms in a community and how they vary with environmental variables are still unclear.To fill these gaps,we determined plant diversity of ephemeral plants,annual herbs,perennial herbs,and woody plants from 187 sites across drylands in China.The SR patterns of herbaceous plants,especially perennial herbs,and their RIV in plant communities increased with increasing precipitation and soil nutrient content;however,the RIV of annual herbs was not altered along these gradients.The SR and RIV of ephemeral plants were affected mainly by precipitation seasonality.The SR of woody plants had a unimodal relationship with air temperature and exhibited the highest RIV and SR percentage in plant communities under the harshest environments.An obvious shift emerged in plant community composition,SR and their critical impact factors at 238.5 mm of mean annual precipitation(MAP).In mesic regions(>238.5 mm),herbs were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively slow decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by MAP and soil nutrients.In arid regions(<238.5 mm),woody plants were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively fast decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by climate variables,especially precipitation.Our findings highlight the importance of comparative life form studies in community structure and biodiversity,as their responses to gradients differed substantially on a large scale.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1804800.
文摘In this paper,we focus on the channel estimation for multi-user MIMO-OFDM systems in rich scattering environments.We find that channel sparsity in the delay-angle domain is severely compromised in rich scattering environments,so that most existing compressed sensing(CS)based techniques can harvest a very limited gain(if any)in reducing the channel estimation overhead.To address the problem,we propose the learning-based turbo message passing(LTMP)algorithm.Instead of exploiting the channel sparsity,LTMP is able to efficiently extract the channel feature via deep learning as well as to exploit the channel continuity in the frequency domain via block-wise linear modelling.More specifically,as a component of LTMP,we develop a multi-scale parallel dilated convolutional neural network(MPDCNN),which leverages frequency-space channel correlation in different scales for channel denoising.We evaluate the LTMP’s performance in MIMO-OFDM channels using the 3rd generation partnership project(3GPP)clustered delay line(CDL)channel models.Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation method has more than 5 dB power gain than the existing algorithms when the normalized mean-square error of the channel estimation is-20 dB.The proposed algorithm also exhibits strong robustness in various environments.
基金Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant no.2024CSA075)Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2058)for fnancially supporting this work.
文摘Mullite-silica rich glass(MSRG)composites are a more efficient material than chamotte for industrial utilization of clay in refractory applications.The properties of the MSRG composites depend on the amount and composition of the mulite and glass phases,which are related to the chemical composition of the MSRG composites based on clay.In the present work,the relationship between the phase and the chemical composition of the MSRG composites,and the effects of the chemical composition of the glass phase on the viscosity and coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of the glass phase were discussed on the basis of the measurements on 17 MSRG composite samples produced from clay.It is found that the Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) ratio(AS ratio)in clay strongly affects the amount of the mullite and glass phases in the MSRG composites,and the distributions of SiO_(2),TiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3) contents in the mullite and glass phases.With the increase of the A/S ratio of clay,the mullite content increases but the the glass phase content decreases in the MSRG composites.The viscosity and CTE of the glass phase depend on its A/S ratio and the amount of impurity oxides.When the A/S ratio in the glass phase is less than 0.15,the viscosity of the liquid formed by the melting of the glass phase at elevated temperatures rapidly increases with the decrease in the A/S ratio.The CTE of the glass phase depends on the contents of Si0_(2)and(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O).
文摘The publisher regrets to inform that in the article of Advanced Powder Materials 4(2025)100261,the published Figs.3 and 5 belong to the initially submitted version,which should be replaced by the final version.The differences between the initial and final versions of these figures are described below.
基金Supported by Faculty Research Grant from Yonsei University College of Medicine,No.6-2017-0155.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer tissues mainly consist of fibrotic and dense stroma,which limits their therapeutic efficacy.The stromal fibroblasts of pancreatic tumors frequently express the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC).AIM To assess the impact of SPARC and its oncological relevance in patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection.METHODS Ninety-one pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specimens were obtained from patients with curative resection between January 2009 and December 2015 as a retrospective study.SPARC expression patterns were analyzed using immunohistochemistry.Oncological outcomes were analyzed based on SPARC expression patterns.Oncological outcomes,based on SPARC expression,were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma cohort(retrieved from a public database).RESULTS Patients with stromal SPARC expression(sSPARC+)had poorer overall survival than that in those without it(sSPARC-)(P=0.035).However,among patients who received adjuvant treatment,no difference was observed in survival between the sSPARC+and the sSPARC-groups(P=0.14).In The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma samples,the high SPARC expression group exhibited noticeably lower overall survival than that in the low expression group(cutoff:14.1295,P=0.0222).Furthermore,SPARC expression was strongly correlated with the percentage the CD10+stromal component(R2=0.804,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survivals in sSPARC+pancreatic cancer patients,indicating suggesting sSPARC expression as a prognostic biomarker and potential indicator for neoadjuvant treatment planning.
文摘Platelet rich plasma(PRP)is an autologous blood product rich in platelets,showing promise in reducing inflammation and accelerating healing.While extensively utilized in plastic surgery,dermatology,and osteoarthritis treatment,its application in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries is limited.This article examines PRP's potential in ACL reconstruction(ACLR),exploring its history,current usage,controversies and future directions.PRP has demonstrated significant early benefits in ligamentisation and vascularisation post-ACLR,though its long-term efficacy is inconsistent.Studies suggest that PRP may serve as both an adjunct therapy in ACLR to enhance initial healing and reduce postoperative complications,and as a non-surgical alternative for small ACL tears.Despite these promising findings,outcome variability necessitates further high-quality research to optimize PRP formulations and determine its most effective applications.The exploration of PRP as a treatment modality in ACLR offers promising but varied outcomes.PRP holds considerable promise as both an adjunct and alternative to traditional ACLR.This article underscores the need for targeted research to fully realize PRP's therapeutic potential in ACL treatment,aiming to inform future studies and clinical practices.By understanding PRP's mechanisms of efficacy and identifying the most beneficial patient populations,PRP could significantly impact orthopaedics and sports medicine,improving recovery pathways and patient outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Lower limb atherosclerotic occlusive disease(LAOD)is a common complication in diabetic patients,leading to significant symptoms and reduced quality of life.AIM To investigate the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich gel(APRG)as an innovative treatment for LAOD,focusing on clinical outcomes such as symptom relief,flow values,ankle-brachial index(ABI),walking distance,and claudication severity.METHODS This retrospective study involved an analysis of electronic medical records(EMR)from 150 patients diagnosed with LAOD.Participants were assigned to either a treatment group(n=80)or a control group(n=70).Both groups received standard care and underwent dressing changes.In addition,the treatment group was given APRG.Primary outcomes included changes in pain levels,wound healing rates,flow values assessed by plethysmography,ABI measurements,walking distance,and claudication severity.Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significance of the results.RESULTS The APRG group showed significant improvements after 12 weeks,including a 70%reduction in pain,a 65%increase in wound healing rates,and an average walking distance increase of 150 meters.Flow values improved by 20%,with significant enhancements in ABI measurements(P<0.01).Additionally,patient satisfaction was higher,and 60%of patients reported improved claudication severity,confirming the efficacy of APRG in enhancing clinical outcomes for lower LAOD.CONCLUSION The APRG demonstrates significant efficacy in managing LAOD in diabetic patients,improving key clinical parameters including flow values,ABI,walking distance,and claudication.These findings support the need for further prospective studies to validate long-term efficacy and optimize treatment strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND Incisional hernias are a common complication of previous surgeries and remain a persistent issue in clinical practice,posing a significant burden on healthcare systems despite advances in education and technology.Surgical techniques,primarily involving the use of mesh to cover the abdominal wall gap,are widely used as a standard intervention strategy.AIM To examine the regeneration of the aponeurosis defect in the anterior abdominal wall in rats using regenerative mimetic factors of the extracellular matrix[ReGeneraTing Agent(RGTA)],adipose tissue micrografts(ATM),and platelet rich plasma(PRP)as regenerative agents.METHODS Regenerative agents such as RGTA,ATM,and PRP are gaining popularity.ATM involves autologous adipose tissue cells with mesenchymal stem cell markers and a high percentage of stromal vascular fraction cells.RGTAs are heparan sulfate(HS)mimetics that replace degraded HSs in damaged tissue,enhancing the quality and speed of repair.PRP is a concentrated plasma preparation containing seven fundamental proteins responsible for tissue production.An acellular dermal matrix is a biological implant free of cellular or antigenic components,making it an excellent material for reconstructive surgery.Polyglactin is a synthetic,absorbable mesh that loses 50%of its strength after fourteen days,providing initial support for new tissue regeneration before being completely absorbed.RESULTS Rats will undergo a laparotomy with a precise 2 cm by 2 cm excision of the anterior abdominal wall fascia below the umbilicus.They will be divided into sixteen groups,each receiving different combinations of regenerative factor injections into the denervated area in both non-contaminated and contaminated environments.A collagenelastin matrix will be used to join the aponeurosis edges,with an absorbable polyglactin mesh anchored over it.Samples will be taken for macroscopic,histological,and immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue regeneration.CONCLUSION Our study aims to demonstrate how these factors promote cell proliferation and healing of the denervated anterior abdominal wall,potentially reducing the frequency and complications of incisional hernias.This approach could offer a more economical and efficient treatment option compared to current costly methods.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2401800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875022,22179008)+4 种基金the Yibin‘Jie Bang Gua Shuai’(2022JB004)the support from the Beijing Nova Program(20230484241)the support from the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230931)the support from the 4B7B beam line of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility(2021-BEPC-PT-005924,2021-BEPC-PT-005967)BL08U1A beam line of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(2021-SSRF-PT-017710)。
文摘The rapid development of electric vehicles and portable energy storage systems demands improvements in the energy density and cost-effectiveness of lithium-ion batteries,a domain in which Lithium-rich layered cathode(LLO)materials inherently excel.However,these materials face practical challenges,such as low initial Coulombic efficiency,inferior cycle/rate performance,and voltage decline during cycling,which limit practical application.Our study introduces a surface multi-component integration strategy that incorporates oxygen vacancies into the pristine LLO material Li1.2Mn_(0.6)Ni_(0.2)O_(2).This process involves a brief citric acid treatment followed by calcination,aiming to explore rate-dependent degradation behavior.The induced surface oxygen vacancies can reduce surface oxygen partial pressure and diminish the generation of O_(2)and other highly reactive oxygen species on the surface,thereby facilitating the activation of Li ions trapped in tetrahedral sites while overcoming transport barriers.Additionally,the formation of a spinel-like phase with 3D Li+diffusion channels significantly improves Li^(+)diffusion kinetics and stabilizes the surface structure.The optimally modified sample boasts a discharge capacity of 299.5 mA h g^(-1)at a 0.1 C and 251.6 mA h g^(-1)at a 1 C during the initial activation cycle,with an impressive capacity of 222.1 mA h g^(-1)at a 5 C.Most notably,it retained nearly 70%of its capacity after 300 cycles at this elevated rate.This straightforward,effective,and highly viable modification strategy provides a crucial resolution for overcoming challenges associated with LLO materials,making them more suitable for practical application.
基金supported by grants from Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo(FAPESP 2014/23677-9 and 2020/12658-4)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol6gico(CNPq,405447/2016-7).R.J.S.thanks CNPq for the research fellowship(307956/2022-9).J.A.R.A.thanks Instituto Serrapilheira for the postdoctoral fellowship.
文摘The decrease in species richness toward higher latitudes is an expected biogeographical pattern.This pattern could be related to particular envi-ronmental constraints and the evolutionary history of clades.However,species richness does not fully represent the evolutionary history of the clades behind their distributions.Phylogenetic diversity better clarifies the role of historical factors in biogeographical patterns.We analyzed envi-ronmental and historical drivers related to latitudinal variation in species richness and phylogenetic diversity of Atlantic Forest endemic snakes.We implemented species distribution models,from voucherbased locality points,to map the snake ranges and diversity.We used generalized additive mixed models to evaluate the relationships among the diversity metrics and area,topographical roughness,and past climate change velocity since the Last Maximum Glacial in the Atlantic Forest latitudinal gradient.Contrary to the expected general pattern,species richness was higher toward higher latitudes,being positively related to past climatic stability.Species richness also increased with total area and higher topographical roughness.Phylogenetic diversity,on the other hand,showed opposite relationships related to the same factors.Phylogenetic diversity increased with lower climatic stability in lower latitudes.Thus,dimensions of diversity were affected in different ways by historical and environmental constraints in this unique and threatened biodiversity hotspot.
基金Financial support for this study was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31901084,32200406,32211530420).
文摘Since the time of Darwin,subspecies have been recognized as an initial stage in the evolution of species.However,the impact of dispersal on subspecies richness in birds globally has received little attention,despite dispersal being a key factor in determining the rate of evolution and playing a significant role in evolutionary divergence.Therefore,it is important to conduct a comprehensive study to address this issue.In this study,we aimed to assess the association between subspecies richness(measured by the number of subspecies)and dispersal ability(measured by the hand-wing index)on a global scale,using a dataset of over 7000 bird species.Our results revealed a negative correlation between dispersal ability and the number of subspecies,without any quadratic correlation.The wing is a crucial phenotypic trait for birds,and the concept of subspecies is important in speciation theory and conservation biology.Therefore,our findings not only enhance our understanding of the association between avian morphological traits and evolutionary divergence but also have implications for the conservation of avian species diversity.
基金financially supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20280)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20170)。
文摘Metal-free carbon-based materials offer a promising alternative to Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).However,challenges persist due to its sluggish kinetics and poor acid ORR performance.Here,we introduce a novel nitrogen-doped porous carbon with rich defects sites (such as pentagons,edge and vacancy defects)(PV/HPC) via a simple etching strategy.The PV/HPC demonstrates long-term stability and exceptional catalytic activity with half-wave potential of 0.9 V and average electron transfer number of 3.98 in alkaline solution while 0.78 V and 3.78 in acidic solution,indicating its efficiency and robustness as an ORR catalyst.Additionally,it achieves a higher kinetic current density of 91.9 m A cm^(-2)at 0.8 V,which is 1.75 times that of Pt/C (52.5 mA cm^(-2)).Furthemore,it enables Al-air battery to attain a maximum power density of 487 mW cm^(-2),compared to 477 mW cm^(-2) for the Pt/C catalyst.Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that the introduction of multifunctional defects in nitrogen-doped porous carbon collectively reduces the reaction energy barrier of the departure of OH*and boosts the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.This work presents a simple method to design durable and effective carbon-based ORR catalysts.
文摘Design and preparation of highly efficient zeolite catalysts for gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam are attractive but still challenging.Herein,we show a one-pot synthesis of silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with rich H-bonded silanols.The key to this success is the use of urea in the synthetic system.Catalytic tests of cyclohexanone oxime gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement show that the silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with H-bonded silanols exhibit higher selectivity for caprolactam and longer reaction lifetime than those of the conventional silicalite-1 zeolite.Theoretical simulations reveal that the ammonium decomposed by urea is a critical additive for the formation of H-bond silanols.Obviously,one-pot synthesis of silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with rich H-bonded silanols plus excellent catalytic performance in the Beckmann rearrangement offer a new opportunity for development of highly efficient zeolites for catalytic applications in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22162009,32360236。
文摘Investigating the activation of the persulfate process through heterogeneous carbonaceous catalysts to expedite the reduction of uranyl ions(U(Ⅵ))is imperative.The primary hurdle involves understanding the transfer and distribution of photogenerated carriers during the reduction process in this intricate system and deciphering the role of activated groups in promoting reduction efficiency.In this study,we strategically regulate the structure of polymeric carbon nitride to promote the N-doped state,thereby facilitating delocalization electron enrichment.The resulting active sites effectively activate peroxyl disulfate(PDS),generating radicals that expedite the selective reduction of U(VI).This strategic approach mitigates the inherent disadvantage of the short half-life of free radicals in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes.As a consequence of our endeavors and with the simultaneous presence of PDS and hydrogen peroxide,we achieve an exceptional photoreduction efficiency of 100%within a remarkably short period of 20 min.This breakthrough presents a high-efficiency application with significant potential for addressing the pollution associated with uranylcontaining wastewater.Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of AOPs but also offer a practical solution with implications for environmental remediation.
