Nitrogen(N)significantly affects rice yield and lodging resistance.Previous studies have primarily investigated the impact of N management on rice lodging in conventional rice monoculture(RM);however,few studies have ...Nitrogen(N)significantly affects rice yield and lodging resistance.Previous studies have primarily investigated the impact of N management on rice lodging in conventional rice monoculture(RM);however,few studies have performed such investigations in rice-crayfish coculture(RC).We hypothesized that RC would increase rice lodging risk and that optimizing N application practices would improve rice lodging resistance without affecting food security.We conducted a two-factor(rice farming mode and N management practice)field experiment from2021 to 2022 to test our hypothesis.The rice farming modes included RM and RC,and the N management practices included no nitrogen fertilizer,conventional N application,and optimized N treatment.The rice yield and lodging resistance characteristics,such as morphology,mechanical and chemical characteristics,anatomic structure,and gene expression levels,were analyzed and compared among the treatments.Under the same N application practice,RC decreased the rice yield by 11.1-24.4% and increased the lodging index by 19.6-45.6% compared with the values yielded in RM.In RC,optimized N application decreased the plant height,panicle neck node height,center of gravity height,bending stress,and lodging index by 4.0-4.8%,5.2-7.8%,0.5-4.5%,5.5-10.5%,and 1.8-19.5%,respectively,compared with those in the conventional N application practice.Furthermore,it increased the culm diameter,culm wall thickness,breaking strength,and non-structural and structural carbohydrate content by 0.8-4.9%,2.2-53.1%,13.5-19.2%,2.2-24.7%,and 31.3-87.2%,respectively.Optimized N application increased sclerenchymal and parenchymal tissue areas of the vascular bundle at the culm wall of the base second internode.Furthermore,optimized N application upregulated genes involved in lignin and cellulose synthesis,thereby promoting lower internodes on the rice stem and enhancing lodging resistance.Optimized N application in RC significantly reduced the lodging index by 1.8-19.5%and stabilized the rice yield(>8,570 kg ha~(-1)on average).This study systematically analyzed and compared the differences in lodging characteristics between RM and RC.The findings will aid in the development of more efficient practices for RC that will reduce N fertilizer application.展开更多
In order to improve the yield and fertilizer utilization of the ricecrayfish rotation and direct seeding rice Nongxiang 32,the effects of different soil preparation and fertilizer application methods on the growth,yie...In order to improve the yield and fertilizer utilization of the ricecrayfish rotation and direct seeding rice Nongxiang 32,the effects of different soil preparation and fertilizer application methods on the growth,yield and fertilizer utilization of the variety were studied.The results showed that,under the rice-crayfish rotation and direct seeding farming mode,the contributions of seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,yield,and fertilizer contribution rate to yield of Nongxiang 32 in the treatments with rotary tillage with base fertilizer,rotary tillage without base fertilizer and no-tillage with base fertilizer were relatively higher than those in the treatments with rotary tillage without fertilizer,no-tillage without fertilizer and no-tillage without base fertilizer,and there were no significant differences between the three treatments.Rotary tillage with base fertilizer and rotary tillage without base fertilizer significantly increased the total number of stems and tillers,total number of ears,and number of effective ears.Rotary tillage and application of base fertilizer also significantly increased the number of tillers,plant weight and weed suppression ability in the early stage of rice growth.Therefore,in the different soil preparation and fertilizer application methods,the application of base fertilizer with rotary tillage was the best,followed by rotary tillage without base fertilizer and no-tillage with base fertilizer.展开更多
To determine the variation of water quality in rice-crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)integrated systems(RCIS)in China,eleven water quality parameters were measured monthly in a typical RCIS located in Qianjiang City(Hubei...To determine the variation of water quality in rice-crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)integrated systems(RCIS)in China,eleven water quality parameters were measured monthly in a typical RCIS located in Qianjiang City(Hubei Province)from July 2014 to June 2015,the parameters were analyzed with principal component analysis(PCA)and compared between the trenches and rice areas during the rice fallow period(Nov-May).The trench and rice area comprehensive results showed that pH(7.48-8.68),NH_(4)^(+)-N(0.2-1.09 mg/L),NO_(2)^(-)-N(<0.052 mg/L)and conductivity(435-951μS/cm)were within the suitable ranges for P.clarkii and that turbidity(TU)was high during the crayfish harvesting and rice planting season.Annual averages of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),permanganate index(CODMn),and chlorophyll a(Chl.a)content were<2(except in Nov-Dec),0.25,10 mg/L,and 50 mg/m^(3)(especially in Nov-May,<10 mg/m^(3)),respectively.Dissolved oxygen(DO)was below 4 mg/L in Mar-Sep,with a minimum of~1 mg/L,and much higher in Oct-Feb.The maximum and minimum monthly average water temperature(WT)were 31.4°C in July and 5.7°C in December,while the maximum and minimum instantaneous WT were 39.7°C and 2.5°C,respectively.PCA analysis showed that the first three axes,which were mainly correlated with DO,WT and nutrient level,described most information of the parameters,and parameters showed seasonal changes.Some differences were observed in water parameters between the trenches and rice areas,i.e.,trenches generally had higher TU,WT and DO,and lower TN,TP and CODMn,although no significant differences were found in some months and some parameters.The study revealed relatively low water nutrient level,probable extreme WT and DO level in some seasons,and certain differences between the trenches and rice areas in typical CRIS in China.Accordingly,some measures should be taken to improve the negative parameters:1)enhance the water fertility;2)increase DO,especially in Mar-Sep;3)increase the trench and water depth to avoid extreme WT.And water quality management should be addressed in both trenches and rice areas.展开更多
为探究不同稻-鸭-虾种养模式与水稻单作模式和传统稻-虾种养模式的碳排放及碳固定特征差异,于湖北省荆州市华中农业大学双水双绿研究基地开展大田试验,以水稻品种华墨香5号、克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarki)、肉鸭武禽10号为试验材料,...为探究不同稻-鸭-虾种养模式与水稻单作模式和传统稻-虾种养模式的碳排放及碳固定特征差异,于湖北省荆州市华中农业大学双水双绿研究基地开展大田试验,以水稻品种华墨香5号、克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarki)、肉鸭武禽10号为试验材料,研究水稻单作(monoculture,CK1)模式、稻-虾种植(rice-crayfish coculture,CK2)、稻-鸭-虾单元格投放(rice-duck-crayfish unit release model,CRXD)、稻-鸭-虾“游牧鸭”(rice-duckcrayfish“nomadic duck”model,NRXD)、稻-鸭-虾大田块(rice-duck-crayfish large field block model,BRXD)共5种养模式下稻田甲烷(methane,CH4)、氧化亚氮(nitrous oxide,N2O)排放、全球增温潜势(global warming potential,GWP)、温室气体排放强度(greenhouse gas emission intensity,GHGI)以及碳固定潜力。结果显示,相比传统水稻单作模式,稻-鸭-虾模式降低了稻田CH4排放、GWP、GHGI,碳中和效应显著增加。与水稻单作相比,稻-鸭-虾模式CH4的排放量降低了28.1%~32.1%,GWP降低了27.0%~30.7%,GHGI降低了23.0%~26.7%,碳固定增加了2089~2569 kg/hm^(2)。与稻-虾种养相比,稻-鸭-虾模式的CH4排放量降低了18.6%~23.1%,GWP降低了17.9%~22.2%,GHGI下降18.7%~22.0%,碳固定增加了616~1096 kg/hm^(2)。结果表明,稻-鸭-虾模式可以降低稻田碳排放量,提高稻田碳中和潜力,其中稻-鸭-虾大田块模式固碳减排效果最佳。展开更多
为实现稻田生态种养模式的高产优质高效目标,以水稻品种华墨香5号、武禽10号鸭和克氏原螯虾为材料,设置稻-鸭-虾大田块(rice-duck-crayfish large field block model,BRXD)、稻-鸭-虾单元格投放(riceduck-crayfish unit release model,C...为实现稻田生态种养模式的高产优质高效目标,以水稻品种华墨香5号、武禽10号鸭和克氏原螯虾为材料,设置稻-鸭-虾大田块(rice-duck-crayfish large field block model,BRXD)、稻-鸭-虾单元格投放(riceduck-crayfish unit release model,CRXD)、稻-鸭-虾“游牧鸭”(rice-duck-crayfish“nomadic duck”model,NRXD)、稻-虾(rice-crayfish coculture,RX)4种种养模式,以传统水稻单作(monoculture,CK)为对照,探讨不同种养模式对水稻生长和产量形成的影响。结果显示:相比于CK模式,稻-鸭-虾模式(BRXD、CRXD和NRXD)下华墨香5号各个生育时期的群体生长率和齐穗期茎蘖生物量显著增加,茎蘖生物量分别增加了20.29%、12.83%、11.34%;其中BRXD各个时期的茎蘖生物量提高显著;在产量及其构成因素方面,稻-鸭-虾模式(BRXD、CRXD和NRXD)下华墨香5号穗数减少,但结实率提高,平均提高7.97%,且BRXD和CRXD模式下华墨香5号穗粒数提高,因而BRXD和NRXD模式下华墨香5号未减产。结果表明:相比传统水稻单作,稻-鸭-虾模式尤其是BRXD和CRXD模式,在减少了肥料和农药投入的前提下,仍能实现丰产,表明稻-鸭-虾种养模式能促进水稻生长和产量形成。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301961)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20210791)+3 种基金the General Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province,China(2023SJYB2057)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)the Qinglan Project of Yangzhou University,Chinathe Lv Yang Jin Feng Talent Plan of Yangzhou City,China(YZLYJF2020PHD100)。
文摘Nitrogen(N)significantly affects rice yield and lodging resistance.Previous studies have primarily investigated the impact of N management on rice lodging in conventional rice monoculture(RM);however,few studies have performed such investigations in rice-crayfish coculture(RC).We hypothesized that RC would increase rice lodging risk and that optimizing N application practices would improve rice lodging resistance without affecting food security.We conducted a two-factor(rice farming mode and N management practice)field experiment from2021 to 2022 to test our hypothesis.The rice farming modes included RM and RC,and the N management practices included no nitrogen fertilizer,conventional N application,and optimized N treatment.The rice yield and lodging resistance characteristics,such as morphology,mechanical and chemical characteristics,anatomic structure,and gene expression levels,were analyzed and compared among the treatments.Under the same N application practice,RC decreased the rice yield by 11.1-24.4% and increased the lodging index by 19.6-45.6% compared with the values yielded in RM.In RC,optimized N application decreased the plant height,panicle neck node height,center of gravity height,bending stress,and lodging index by 4.0-4.8%,5.2-7.8%,0.5-4.5%,5.5-10.5%,and 1.8-19.5%,respectively,compared with those in the conventional N application practice.Furthermore,it increased the culm diameter,culm wall thickness,breaking strength,and non-structural and structural carbohydrate content by 0.8-4.9%,2.2-53.1%,13.5-19.2%,2.2-24.7%,and 31.3-87.2%,respectively.Optimized N application increased sclerenchymal and parenchymal tissue areas of the vascular bundle at the culm wall of the base second internode.Furthermore,optimized N application upregulated genes involved in lignin and cellulose synthesis,thereby promoting lower internodes on the rice stem and enhancing lodging resistance.Optimized N application in RC significantly reduced the lodging index by 1.8-19.5%and stabilized the rice yield(>8,570 kg ha~(-1)on average).This study systematically analyzed and compared the differences in lodging characteristics between RM and RC.The findings will aid in the development of more efficient practices for RC that will reduce N fertilizer application.
文摘In order to improve the yield and fertilizer utilization of the ricecrayfish rotation and direct seeding rice Nongxiang 32,the effects of different soil preparation and fertilizer application methods on the growth,yield and fertilizer utilization of the variety were studied.The results showed that,under the rice-crayfish rotation and direct seeding farming mode,the contributions of seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,yield,and fertilizer contribution rate to yield of Nongxiang 32 in the treatments with rotary tillage with base fertilizer,rotary tillage without base fertilizer and no-tillage with base fertilizer were relatively higher than those in the treatments with rotary tillage without fertilizer,no-tillage without fertilizer and no-tillage without base fertilizer,and there were no significant differences between the three treatments.Rotary tillage with base fertilizer and rotary tillage without base fertilizer significantly increased the total number of stems and tillers,total number of ears,and number of effective ears.Rotary tillage and application of base fertilizer also significantly increased the number of tillers,plant weight and weed suppression ability in the early stage of rice growth.Therefore,in the different soil preparation and fertilizer application methods,the application of base fertilizer with rotary tillage was the best,followed by rotary tillage without base fertilizer and no-tillage with base fertilizer.
基金This work was financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201203081)the R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2012BAD25B06 and 2015BAD13B02).
文摘To determine the variation of water quality in rice-crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)integrated systems(RCIS)in China,eleven water quality parameters were measured monthly in a typical RCIS located in Qianjiang City(Hubei Province)from July 2014 to June 2015,the parameters were analyzed with principal component analysis(PCA)and compared between the trenches and rice areas during the rice fallow period(Nov-May).The trench and rice area comprehensive results showed that pH(7.48-8.68),NH_(4)^(+)-N(0.2-1.09 mg/L),NO_(2)^(-)-N(<0.052 mg/L)and conductivity(435-951μS/cm)were within the suitable ranges for P.clarkii and that turbidity(TU)was high during the crayfish harvesting and rice planting season.Annual averages of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),permanganate index(CODMn),and chlorophyll a(Chl.a)content were<2(except in Nov-Dec),0.25,10 mg/L,and 50 mg/m^(3)(especially in Nov-May,<10 mg/m^(3)),respectively.Dissolved oxygen(DO)was below 4 mg/L in Mar-Sep,with a minimum of~1 mg/L,and much higher in Oct-Feb.The maximum and minimum monthly average water temperature(WT)were 31.4°C in July and 5.7°C in December,while the maximum and minimum instantaneous WT were 39.7°C and 2.5°C,respectively.PCA analysis showed that the first three axes,which were mainly correlated with DO,WT and nutrient level,described most information of the parameters,and parameters showed seasonal changes.Some differences were observed in water parameters between the trenches and rice areas,i.e.,trenches generally had higher TU,WT and DO,and lower TN,TP and CODMn,although no significant differences were found in some months and some parameters.The study revealed relatively low water nutrient level,probable extreme WT and DO level in some seasons,and certain differences between the trenches and rice areas in typical CRIS in China.Accordingly,some measures should be taken to improve the negative parameters:1)enhance the water fertility;2)increase DO,especially in Mar-Sep;3)increase the trench and water depth to avoid extreme WT.And water quality management should be addressed in both trenches and rice areas.
文摘为探究不同稻-鸭-虾种养模式与水稻单作模式和传统稻-虾种养模式的碳排放及碳固定特征差异,于湖北省荆州市华中农业大学双水双绿研究基地开展大田试验,以水稻品种华墨香5号、克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarki)、肉鸭武禽10号为试验材料,研究水稻单作(monoculture,CK1)模式、稻-虾种植(rice-crayfish coculture,CK2)、稻-鸭-虾单元格投放(rice-duck-crayfish unit release model,CRXD)、稻-鸭-虾“游牧鸭”(rice-duckcrayfish“nomadic duck”model,NRXD)、稻-鸭-虾大田块(rice-duck-crayfish large field block model,BRXD)共5种养模式下稻田甲烷(methane,CH4)、氧化亚氮(nitrous oxide,N2O)排放、全球增温潜势(global warming potential,GWP)、温室气体排放强度(greenhouse gas emission intensity,GHGI)以及碳固定潜力。结果显示,相比传统水稻单作模式,稻-鸭-虾模式降低了稻田CH4排放、GWP、GHGI,碳中和效应显著增加。与水稻单作相比,稻-鸭-虾模式CH4的排放量降低了28.1%~32.1%,GWP降低了27.0%~30.7%,GHGI降低了23.0%~26.7%,碳固定增加了2089~2569 kg/hm^(2)。与稻-虾种养相比,稻-鸭-虾模式的CH4排放量降低了18.6%~23.1%,GWP降低了17.9%~22.2%,GHGI下降18.7%~22.0%,碳固定增加了616~1096 kg/hm^(2)。结果表明,稻-鸭-虾模式可以降低稻田碳排放量,提高稻田碳中和潜力,其中稻-鸭-虾大田块模式固碳减排效果最佳。
文摘为实现稻田生态种养模式的高产优质高效目标,以水稻品种华墨香5号、武禽10号鸭和克氏原螯虾为材料,设置稻-鸭-虾大田块(rice-duck-crayfish large field block model,BRXD)、稻-鸭-虾单元格投放(riceduck-crayfish unit release model,CRXD)、稻-鸭-虾“游牧鸭”(rice-duck-crayfish“nomadic duck”model,NRXD)、稻-虾(rice-crayfish coculture,RX)4种种养模式,以传统水稻单作(monoculture,CK)为对照,探讨不同种养模式对水稻生长和产量形成的影响。结果显示:相比于CK模式,稻-鸭-虾模式(BRXD、CRXD和NRXD)下华墨香5号各个生育时期的群体生长率和齐穗期茎蘖生物量显著增加,茎蘖生物量分别增加了20.29%、12.83%、11.34%;其中BRXD各个时期的茎蘖生物量提高显著;在产量及其构成因素方面,稻-鸭-虾模式(BRXD、CRXD和NRXD)下华墨香5号穗数减少,但结实率提高,平均提高7.97%,且BRXD和CRXD模式下华墨香5号穗粒数提高,因而BRXD和NRXD模式下华墨香5号未减产。结果表明:相比传统水稻单作,稻-鸭-虾模式尤其是BRXD和CRXD模式,在减少了肥料和农药投入的前提下,仍能实现丰产,表明稻-鸭-虾种养模式能促进水稻生长和产量形成。
