Guizhou Province is part of the glutinous rice cultivation sphere in our country.Its rice production and germplasm resources play an important role.The southeast region is the centre of the Guizhou glutinous rice cult...Guizhou Province is part of the glutinous rice cultivation sphere in our country.Its rice production and germplasm resources play an important role.The southeast region is the centre of the Guizhou glutinous rice cultivation and characterized by waxy wo,which is treasure of the original farming culture of southeast Guizhou region and an important symbol for ethnic cultural identity of the region.展开更多
[Objective] To analyze the input and output in rice cultivation based on CD function. [Method] Based on the input factors, Cobb-Douglas production （CD） function was used to do the quantitative analysis on the input-...[Objective] To analyze the input and output in rice cultivation based on CD function. [Method] Based on the input factors, Cobb-Douglas production （CD） function was used to do the quantitative analysis on the input-output in rice production with rice growers as the objective. [Result] Considering the substitution effect of labor in- put and capital input, under the same technical conditions, the effect of increasing labor input on the rice production in per 667 m2 was negative, based on which 2 pieces of policy suggestions were put forward to promote the transfer of surplus la- bor force of rice growers and ensure the capital supply for rice production. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the realization of reasonable allocation of rice production resources.展开更多
A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the...A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the 15th year after its establishment to assess the effects of different management practices on labile organic carbon fractions (LOCFs), such as easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a typical paddy soil, Chongqing, Southwest China. The results indicated that LOCFs were significantly influenced by the combination of no-tillage, ridge culture and crop rotation. And, different combination patterns showed different effectiveness on soil LOCFs. The effects of no-tillage, ridge culture and wheat cultivation on EOC, DOC, POC and MBC mainly happened at 0-10cm. At this depth, soil under CTW had higher EOC, DOC, POC and MBC contents, compared to TTF, TTW and CTF, respectively. Moreover, the contents of LOCFs for different practices generally decreased when the soil depth increased. Our findings suggest that the paddy soil in Southwest China could be managed to concentrate greater quantities of EOC, DOC, POC and MBC.展开更多
With rising population,decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts,the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State,a largely agrarian and small-holder setting.This s...With rising population,decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts,the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State,a largely agrarian and small-holder setting.This study attempts a local-level support for the actualisation of Sustainable Development Goal Number 2(“end hunger,achieve food security and improved nutrition,and promote sustainable agriculture”)by 2030.Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making(MCDM)method,remote sensing data from Climate Research Unit(CRU)and in-situ data from Nigeria Meteorological Agency(NIMET)were analyzed by GIS techniques to map the suitability of rice cultivation in the study area,with the integration of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),land cover,slope,temperature,precipitation and soil parameters(cation exchange capacity,pH,bulk density,organic carbon).We apply the various statistical parameters that include mean spatial NDVI;correlation coefficient,standard deviation and Root Mean Square(RMS)between CRU and NIMET data.Spatial regression trend analysis is conducted between CRU precipitation and NDVI and between CRU temperature and NDVI from 1985 to 2015.The results reveal that NDVI in highly suitable rice planting regions is higher than marginally suitable regions except in the months of October and November,which shows that the highly suitable regions will yield better than the marginally suitable regions during the dry season.Additionally,NDVI is seasonally bimodal in response to precipitation,meaning that vegetation vigor is more dependent on precipitation than temperature.Finally,the correlation coefficient,standard deviation and RMS between CRU and NIMET precipitation data shows 0.42,108,and 110,respectively,while these three factors between CRU and NIMET temperature data shows 0.88,1.60,and 0.86,respectively.In conclusion,the MCDM approach reveals that upland is more suitable for rice cultivation in Benue State when comparing with the area provided by the Global Land Cover and National Mappings Organization(GLCNMO)data.展开更多
Rice cultivation has long been considered to have originated from seeding of annual types of wild rice somewhere in subtropics, tropics or in the Yangtze River basin. That idea, however, contains a fatally weak point,...Rice cultivation has long been considered to have originated from seeding of annual types of wild rice somewhere in subtropics, tropics or in the Yangtze River basin. That idea, however, contains a fatally weak point, when we consider the tremendous difficulty for primitive human to seed any cereal crop in the warm and humid climate, where weed thrives all year round, instead of the accepted theory, we have to see a reality that vegetative propagation of edible plants is a dominant form of agriculture in such regions. The possibility is discussed that Job＇s tears and rice, two cereal crops unique to the region, might have been developed via vegetative propagation to obtain materials for medicine or herb tea in backyard gardens prior to cereal production. This idea is supported by the fact that rice in temperate regions is still perennial in its growth habit and that such backyard gardens with transplanted taro can still be seen from Yunnan Province of China to Laos. Thanks to detailed survey of wild rice throughout China for 1970-1980, it is now confirmed that a set of clones of wild rice exist in shallow swamps in Jiangxi Province, an area with severe winter cold. In early summer ancient farmers may have divided the sprouting buds and spread them by transplanting into flooded shallow marsh. Such way of propagation might have faster improved less productive rice through a better genetic potential for response to human interference than quick fixation in seed propagation, because vegetative parts are heterogeneous. Obviously, such a primitive manner of rice cultivation did include the essential parts of rice farming, i.e., nursery bed, transplanting in flooded field of shallow marsh like. Transfer from the primitive nursery to true nursery by seed may have later allowed rice cultivation to be extended to northern regions. In thus devised flooded cultivation there were a series of unique advantages, i.e.; continuous cropping of rice in a same plot, no soil erosion, slow decline of soil fertility, availability of minerals, and resulting in high yield per unit area, which have collectively attained the highly productive cereal cultivation in the warm and humid region. Rice cultivation in marsh is also favorable to raise fish culture, both of which constituted a nutritionally balanced base. Development of irrigation technology to construct flooded farms gave strong bases for stable rice-cultivating society, which in the end formulated the rise of ancient kingdoms of Yue and Wu in China in BC 6th -5th centuries. They were direct descendents of those people who had developed the unique rice cultivation from the era of Hemudu culture, which is dated back to 5 000 BC. Their movement to the south is considered to have established rice-cultivating communities in South China and Southeast Asia, while to the north it transferred the rice-based technology to ancient Korea and Japan and had established there a base for a civilized society.展开更多
Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages,...Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages, the system does have its drawbacks, such as soil organic matter reduction and microplastic pollution, which impede the widespread adoption of film mulching cultivation in China. Nonetheless, the advent of degradable film, controlled-release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and film mulching machinery is promoting the development of rice film mulching cultivation. This review outlines the impact of rice cultivation under film mulching on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, greenhouse gas emissions, weed control, and disease and pest management. It also elucidates the mechanism of changes in rice growth, yield and quality, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency. This paper incorporates a review of published research articles and discusses some uncertainties and shortcomings associated with rice cultivation under film mulching. Consequently, prospective research directions for the technology of rice film mulching cultivation are outlined, and recommendations for future research into rice cultivation under film mulching are proposed.展开更多
Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice cultivation.Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood,the potential relevance of surfa...Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice cultivation.Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood,the potential relevance of surface area and porosity of biochar has been discussed.This study aimed to evaluate the application of different biochar particle sizes on CH_(4) production,oxidation,and emissions from rice cultivation in a clay loam soil,based on the assumption that porosity and surface area of biochar are directly related to its mitigation effects.Rice was grown under greenhouse conditions for two growing seasons,either with 0.5–2 mm(small,SB)or with 2–4 mm(large,LB)biochar.The results show that both sizes of biochar increased soil pH and redox potential(Eh)during rice growth.Soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC),nitrate(NO^(−)_(3)),and sulfate(SO^(2−)_(4))also increased under both biochar amendments,but size effects were not observed.SB and LB suppressed the abundance of CH_(4) producers(methanogens)but stimulated the abundance of CH_(4) consumers(methanotrophs).The increase of soil Eh and electron acceptors(NO^(−)_(3)and SO^(2−)_(4))indicated the increase in soil oxidation capacity is a barrier to CH_(4) production by methanogens in both biochar treatments.Laboratory incubation experiments showed that CH_(4) production activity was significantly(p≤0.05)reduced by 18.5%using SB and by 11.3%using LB compared to the control.In contrast,the stimulation of methanotrophs promoted greater CH_(4) oxidation activity by 15.0%in SB and 18.7%in LB compared to the control.It shows that CH_(4) production was reduced more by larger surface area biochar(SB),while a greater increase in CH_(4) oxidation was found using larger pore volume biochar(LB).The effects on CH_(4) production were more pronounced than those on CH_(4) oxidation,resulting in a greater reduction of cumulative CH_(4) emissions by SB than LB(by 26.6%and 19.9%compared to control,respectively).展开更多
This study aims to assess the physico-chemical quality of irrigation water and soil in the irrigated area of M’Bahiakro.Seasonal campaigns to measure in situ the physical parameters(pH,temperature,salinity,electrical...This study aims to assess the physico-chemical quality of irrigation water and soil in the irrigated area of M’Bahiakro.Seasonal campaigns to measure in situ the physical parameters(pH,temperature,salinity,electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids)of the N’Zi River were carried out,followed by sampling(water and soil)for chemical analyses.The physico-chemical quality of irrigation water was assessed on the basis of four(4)parameters,namely Dry Residue(SR),Osmotic Pressure(π),Kelly Coefficient(KCR),Sodium Absorption Rate(SAR)and Wilcox Diagram.In terms of soil quality,the parameters(pH,N,P,P,K,MO,CEC and ESP)were determined.Overall,the results show a good physical-chemical quality of the irrigation water and soil.Indeed,the irrigation waters studied show good physico-chemistry and low to medium salinity depending on the seasons of the year.As for the soils,they have a clayey-silt texture,a slightly acidic pH,favourable to rice cultivation and a good organic matter content,which best maintains an active microbial life.In addition,the major elements(nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium)present in irrigation water and soils could be enough to optimize the yield of rice cultivation.These results then lead to the conclusion that the irrigation water from the N’Zi River and the soils of the irrigated perimeter of M’Bahiakro are naturally suitable for agricultural use,particularly for rice cultivation.As a result,an additional supply of fertilizer(NPK)would not necessarily be necessary during the exploitation phase of the rice area.展开更多
Based on the research on the relevant background and significance of the sustainable development of agricultural cultural heritage,taking Wannian rice cultivation culture system as an example and its natural environme...Based on the research on the relevant background and significance of the sustainable development of agricultural cultural heritage,taking Wannian rice cultivation culture system as an example and its natural environment,traditional agricultural production activities,unique cultural patterns,socio-economic development and protection,and protection and development approach as the basis for evaluation,an evaluation index system for the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture system was constructed.Each index was quantified and standardized,and their weight was determined through the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture system.The evaluation value was analyzed to propose the main issues in the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture.展开更多
Flooded rice cultivation fields appear to be the major source of methane emission. In Benin Republic, flooded rice is cultivated in the Niger River and Ouémé River Basins. The present study aims to assess th...Flooded rice cultivation fields appear to be the major source of methane emission. In Benin Republic, flooded rice is cultivated in the Niger River and Ouémé River Basins. The present study aims to assess the contribution of flooded rice cultivation systems to methane emissions in the lower Ouémé Valley. Methane emission calculation was based on Activity Data which is the flooded rice harvested surface area from 2008 to 2017. The Tier 2 methodology of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines’ and the complements of the “Refinement 2019” have been used to elaborate the specific emission factors for the lower valley of Ouémé and to estimate the emission of methane in this zone. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with producers in order to elaborate on their perceptions of gas emissions in the flooded rice fields. The EX-ACT tool was used to estimate the carbon footprint of the intensive rice cultivation system “SRI” and the conventional rice cultivation system “SRC”. It is shown that producers have a strong perception of gas emissions in rice fields but are totally unaware of the nature of the gas. Methane emitted in the lower valley of the Ouémé is around 528 tons/year between 2008 and 2017 while the carbon footprint resulting from the results of EX-ACT for the adoption of the SRI rises to the level of sequestration of approximately 0.4 tCH4/ha/year. The intensive rice cultivation system has been identified as the production system that minimizes methane emissions and maximizes rice production.展开更多
Following the success in rice cultivation onfloating-beds in natural water in 1990,the eco-logical adaptability of growing rice on floating-beds was studied during the period of 1991-1993.Experiments were conducted in...Following the success in rice cultivation onfloating-beds in natural water in 1990,the eco-logical adaptability of growing rice on floating-beds was studied during the period of 1991-1993.Experiments were conducted in five dif-ferent types of natural waters in ZhejiangProvince from 28°35′ to 30°58′N and from 119°05′ to 121°11′E.The results indicated that:1)Yield of double-cropping early ricegrowing on floating-beds was lower than one展开更多
As a vital food crop,rice is an important part of global food crops.Studying the spatiotemporal changes in rice cultivation facilitates early prediction of production risks and provides support for agricultural policy...As a vital food crop,rice is an important part of global food crops.Studying the spatiotemporal changes in rice cultivation facilitates early prediction of production risks and provides support for agricultural policy decisions related to rice.With the increasing application of satellite remote sensing technology in crop monitoring,remote sensing for rice cultivation has emerged as a novel approach,offering new perspectives for monitoring rice planting.This paper briefly outlined the current research and development status of satellite remote sensing for monitoring rice cultivation both at home and abroad.Foreign scholars have made innovations in data sources and methodologies for satellite remote sensing monitoring,and utilized multi-source satellite information and machine learning algorithms to enhance the accuracy of rice planting monitoring.Scholars in China have achieved significant results in the study of satellite remote sensing for monitoring rice cultivation.Their research and application in monitoring rice planting areas provide valuable references for agricultural production management.However,satellite remote sensing monitoring of rice still faces challenges such as low spatiotemporal resolution and difficulties related to cloud cover and data fusion,which require further in-depth investigation.Additionally,there are shortcomings in the accuracy of remote sensing monitoring for fragmented farmland plots and smallholder farming.To address these issues,future efforts should focus on developing multi-source heterogeneous data fusion analysis technologies and researching monitoring systems.These advancements are expected to enable high-precision large-scale acquisition of rice planting information,laying a foundation for future smart agriculture.展开更多
Through the analysis of macro-and micro-plant remains,food residues and the rice-field like features from the mid-Neolithic site of Hanjing in the Huai River region,we propose an early beginning of rice cultivation at...Through the analysis of macro-and micro-plant remains,food residues and the rice-field like features from the mid-Neolithic site of Hanjing in the Huai River region,we propose an early beginning of rice cultivation at Hanjing.The presence of non-shattering rice spikelet bases and the increasing percentages of rice phytoliths confirm the appearance of domesticated rice in the Hanjing archaeobotanical assemblage.However,as indicated by the different prediction rates of rice domestication shown by morphometric of the double-peaked Oryza-type glum cells and fish-scale decorations on the Oryza-type bulliform cells from different cultural phases before 7,000 a BP,rice cultivation was at an early stage of development.Our findings provide new and significant evidence towards the establishment of the Huai River as another important center for early rice cultivation and domestication in prehistoric China.展开更多
The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt...The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt),and wart-grain rice(Oryza granate Nees et Arn.ex Hook.f.).Rice culture is the main theme of agricultural culture in this economic belt and an outstanding representative of excellent traditional Chinese culture.This study provides an overview of the history of rice cultivation in the belt from the prehistory,post-history and modern progress.It studies the agricultural cultural heritage resources of the whole rice industry chain from the biological genetic resources,world cultural heritage,key cultural relics protection units,national archaeological site parks,movable cultural relics,important agricultural cultural heritage,intangible cultural heritage,China time-honored brands,historical names,traditional markers,tribute culture,archival and documentary heritage.It also analyzes the six main problems in the inheritance and development of rice farming culture,and proposes 8 strategies,including promoting the inheritance and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture through the inheritance of rice farming culture,promoting the Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Civilization Project through rice farming culture,and creating the Yangtze River National Cultural Park with rice farming culture as the main theme.展开更多
In recent years,the scale of rice and shrimp cultivation in Hubei Province is expanding year by year,and cultivation model is innovating continuously,while consumption market is enlarging constantly.It realizes"d...In recent years,the scale of rice and shrimp cultivation in Hubei Province is expanding year by year,and cultivation model is innovating continuously,while consumption market is enlarging constantly.It realizes"dual use of one land,win-win of grain and fishery,stable grain production,and efficiency increase",and effectively solves the problems that"benefit of grain planting is low,and it is difficult to increase farmers'income".But there are still many problems at present,such as degeneration of crayfish germplasm,increase of disease incidence,centralized entering in the market affecting breeding efficiency,the benefits of rice not brought into full play,large number of business entities,lack of leading enterprises and sufficient supporting.To realize sustainable development of rice and shrimp cultivation industry,Hubei Province should adhere to the problem orientation,do a good job in supporting and capital guidance,increase effective supply,promote scale operation,cultivate leading enterprises,strengthen production management,and improve product quality.展开更多
cies of cultivated rice in ancient China is possibly more northward than in the modern times. The earliest rice grains unearthed from the Neolithic sites existed along the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River...cies of cultivated rice in ancient China is possibly more northward than in the modern times. The earliest rice grains unearthed from the Neolithic sites existed along the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The later ones were found in Yunnan Province, South China and along the Yellow River reaches. Primitive rice cropping in the Taihu Lake region which is on the lower reach of the Yangtze River has already a 6,000-7,000 years history and the primitive tribes growing rice there are ancestors of the Yue Nationality since the beginning of the history, hence the Yue Nationality is the most important one for rice cropping in China. During the periods of Spring-Autumn and Warring States to Qin and Han Dynasties (from 722 B.C. to A.D.220 ), Yue people disseminated rice to Japan, Korea and other Southeast Asian countries by sea. In the period of over 3,000 years since the recorded history,the rice development in China has experienced changes from north to south and from south to north. As Chinese c展开更多
Asian cultivated rice is one of the most important cereal crops globally,feeding approximately 50%of the world's population.Increasing rice nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)is crucial for achieving high yields with low...Asian cultivated rice is one of the most important cereal crops globally,feeding approximately 50%of the world's population.Increasing rice nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)is crucial for achieving high yields with low nitrogen inputs(Xu et al.,2012;Hu et al.,2023).However,modern cultivars are typically bred for high yields through excessive nitrogen fertilizer use,leading to the loss of beneficial alleles associated with high NUE during the breeding process(Wang and Peng,2017;Hu et al.,2023).Genetic improvement for high NUE should be a key strategy in breeding“Green Super Rice”(GSR)(Yu et al.,2021)and water-saving and drought-resistance rice(WDR)(Luo,2010;Xia et al.,2022)for sustainable agriculture.Asian cultivated rice is highly diverse and harbors vital genetic variants essential for adaptation to different environments(Wing et al.,2018).展开更多
During the 1970’s and 1980’s studies on the rela-tion between LAI and yield had been carried out inGAAS.The main results were as follows:(1)Usingthe accumulated LAI value at three stages,i.e.panicle initiation(PI),h...During the 1970’s and 1980’s studies on the rela-tion between LAI and yield had been carried out inGAAS.The main results were as follows:(1)Usingthe accumulated LAI value at three stages,i.e.panicle initiation(PI),heading(H)and 20 d afterheading(H),to analyze the relation between LAIand yield was more accurrate than only using theLAI value at H stage(see table);(2)Reaching cer-展开更多
The first internal transcribed spacer(ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA of three wild rice species and two subspecies of cultivated rice, which are distributed in China, was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced wi...The first internal transcribed spacer(ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA of three wild rice species and two subspecies of cultivated rice, which are distributed in China, was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced with automated fluorescent sequencing. The sequences of ITS1 ranged from 193 bp to 218 bp in size and G/C content varied from 69.3% to 72.7%. In pairwise comparisons among the five taxa, sequence site divergence ranged from 1.5% to 10.6%. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences using Wagner parsimony generated a single well resolved tree, which revealed that Oryza rufipogon was much more closely related to cultivated rice species than to the other two wild species. Oryza granulata was less closely related to either cultivated rice species or the other two wild species, and might be a unique and isolated taxon in the genus Oryza. The phylogenetic relationships of the three wild rice species and two cultivated rice subspecies inferred from ITS1 sequences is highly concordant with those based on the molecular evidence from isozyme, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) of the genus Oryza .展开更多
[ Objective] The genetic diversity of the local cultivated aromatic rice and non-aromatic rice in Yunnan Province were compared to provide further genetic resources for breeding practice. [Method] Genetic diversity of...[ Objective] The genetic diversity of the local cultivated aromatic rice and non-aromatic rice in Yunnan Province were compared to provide further genetic resources for breeding practice. [Method] Genetic diversity of 10 aromatic rice and 45 non-aromatic rice were analyzed by 64 SSR primers covered on 12 rice chromosomes. [ Result] Per locus 5.44 and 7.98 alleles in average were detected, ranging from 2 to 12 and from 2 to 17 in aromatic and non-aromatic rice, respectively. Average genetic multiplicity index（Hs） was 0.46 and 0.67 respectively. The average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.43 and 0.58 in aromatic and non-aromatic rice respectively. [ Conclusion] The results indicated that genetic diversity was higher in non-aromatic rice than in aromatic rice.展开更多
基金Supported by General Humanity and Social Science Research Fundfrom Ministry of Education in 2009(09XJC770001)~~
文摘Guizhou Province is part of the glutinous rice cultivation sphere in our country.Its rice production and germplasm resources play an important role.The southeast region is the centre of the Guizhou glutinous rice cultivation and characterized by waxy wo,which is treasure of the original farming culture of southeast Guizhou region and an important symbol for ethnic cultural identity of the region.
基金Supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2010YBA012)~~
文摘[Objective] To analyze the input and output in rice cultivation based on CD function. [Method] Based on the input factors, Cobb-Douglas production （CD） function was used to do the quantitative analysis on the input-output in rice production with rice growers as the objective. [Result] Considering the substitution effect of labor in- put and capital input, under the same technical conditions, the effect of increasing labor input on the rice production in per 667 m2 was negative, based on which 2 pieces of policy suggestions were put forward to promote the transfer of surplus la- bor force of rice growers and ensure the capital supply for rice production. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the realization of reasonable allocation of rice production resources.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40231016)
文摘A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the 15th year after its establishment to assess the effects of different management practices on labile organic carbon fractions (LOCFs), such as easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a typical paddy soil, Chongqing, Southwest China. The results indicated that LOCFs were significantly influenced by the combination of no-tillage, ridge culture and crop rotation. And, different combination patterns showed different effectiveness on soil LOCFs. The effects of no-tillage, ridge culture and wheat cultivation on EOC, DOC, POC and MBC mainly happened at 0-10cm. At this depth, soil under CTW had higher EOC, DOC, POC and MBC contents, compared to TTF, TTW and CTF, respectively. Moreover, the contents of LOCFs for different practices generally decreased when the soil depth increased. Our findings suggest that the paddy soil in Southwest China could be managed to concentrate greater quantities of EOC, DOC, POC and MBC.
文摘With rising population,decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts,the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State,a largely agrarian and small-holder setting.This study attempts a local-level support for the actualisation of Sustainable Development Goal Number 2(“end hunger,achieve food security and improved nutrition,and promote sustainable agriculture”)by 2030.Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making(MCDM)method,remote sensing data from Climate Research Unit(CRU)and in-situ data from Nigeria Meteorological Agency(NIMET)were analyzed by GIS techniques to map the suitability of rice cultivation in the study area,with the integration of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),land cover,slope,temperature,precipitation and soil parameters(cation exchange capacity,pH,bulk density,organic carbon).We apply the various statistical parameters that include mean spatial NDVI;correlation coefficient,standard deviation and Root Mean Square(RMS)between CRU and NIMET data.Spatial regression trend analysis is conducted between CRU precipitation and NDVI and between CRU temperature and NDVI from 1985 to 2015.The results reveal that NDVI in highly suitable rice planting regions is higher than marginally suitable regions except in the months of October and November,which shows that the highly suitable regions will yield better than the marginally suitable regions during the dry season.Additionally,NDVI is seasonally bimodal in response to precipitation,meaning that vegetation vigor is more dependent on precipitation than temperature.Finally,the correlation coefficient,standard deviation and RMS between CRU and NIMET precipitation data shows 0.42,108,and 110,respectively,while these three factors between CRU and NIMET temperature data shows 0.88,1.60,and 0.86,respectively.In conclusion,the MCDM approach reveals that upland is more suitable for rice cultivation in Benue State when comparing with the area provided by the Global Land Cover and National Mappings Organization(GLCNMO)data.
文摘Rice cultivation has long been considered to have originated from seeding of annual types of wild rice somewhere in subtropics, tropics or in the Yangtze River basin. That idea, however, contains a fatally weak point, when we consider the tremendous difficulty for primitive human to seed any cereal crop in the warm and humid climate, where weed thrives all year round, instead of the accepted theory, we have to see a reality that vegetative propagation of edible plants is a dominant form of agriculture in such regions. The possibility is discussed that Job＇s tears and rice, two cereal crops unique to the region, might have been developed via vegetative propagation to obtain materials for medicine or herb tea in backyard gardens prior to cereal production. This idea is supported by the fact that rice in temperate regions is still perennial in its growth habit and that such backyard gardens with transplanted taro can still be seen from Yunnan Province of China to Laos. Thanks to detailed survey of wild rice throughout China for 1970-1980, it is now confirmed that a set of clones of wild rice exist in shallow swamps in Jiangxi Province, an area with severe winter cold. In early summer ancient farmers may have divided the sprouting buds and spread them by transplanting into flooded shallow marsh. Such way of propagation might have faster improved less productive rice through a better genetic potential for response to human interference than quick fixation in seed propagation, because vegetative parts are heterogeneous. Obviously, such a primitive manner of rice cultivation did include the essential parts of rice farming, i.e., nursery bed, transplanting in flooded field of shallow marsh like. Transfer from the primitive nursery to true nursery by seed may have later allowed rice cultivation to be extended to northern regions. In thus devised flooded cultivation there were a series of unique advantages, i.e.; continuous cropping of rice in a same plot, no soil erosion, slow decline of soil fertility, availability of minerals, and resulting in high yield per unit area, which have collectively attained the highly productive cereal cultivation in the warm and humid region. Rice cultivation in marsh is also favorable to raise fish culture, both of which constituted a nutritionally balanced base. Development of irrigation technology to construct flooded farms gave strong bases for stable rice-cultivating society, which in the end formulated the rise of ancient kingdoms of Yue and Wu in China in BC 6th -5th centuries. They were direct descendents of those people who had developed the unique rice cultivation from the era of Hemudu culture, which is dated back to 5 000 BC. Their movement to the south is considered to have established rice-cultivating communities in South China and Southeast Asia, while to the north it transferred the rice-based technology to ancient Korea and Japan and had established there a base for a civilized society.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFD1500402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51809225)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos.2020T130559 and 2019M651977)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No.BK20180929)。
文摘Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages, the system does have its drawbacks, such as soil organic matter reduction and microplastic pollution, which impede the widespread adoption of film mulching cultivation in China. Nonetheless, the advent of degradable film, controlled-release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and film mulching machinery is promoting the development of rice film mulching cultivation. This review outlines the impact of rice cultivation under film mulching on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, greenhouse gas emissions, weed control, and disease and pest management. It also elucidates the mechanism of changes in rice growth, yield and quality, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency. This paper incorporates a review of published research articles and discusses some uncertainties and shortcomings associated with rice cultivation under film mulching. Consequently, prospective research directions for the technology of rice film mulching cultivation are outlined, and recommendations for future research into rice cultivation under film mulching are proposed.
基金This study was funded by the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)through the International Research Network Program(IRN)(IRN57W0001,IRN5701PHDW06)the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment(JGSEE)at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi,and the Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment(CEE),PERDO,Ministry of Higher Education,Science,Research and Innovation.
文摘Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice cultivation.Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood,the potential relevance of surface area and porosity of biochar has been discussed.This study aimed to evaluate the application of different biochar particle sizes on CH_(4) production,oxidation,and emissions from rice cultivation in a clay loam soil,based on the assumption that porosity and surface area of biochar are directly related to its mitigation effects.Rice was grown under greenhouse conditions for two growing seasons,either with 0.5–2 mm(small,SB)or with 2–4 mm(large,LB)biochar.The results show that both sizes of biochar increased soil pH and redox potential(Eh)during rice growth.Soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC),nitrate(NO^(−)_(3)),and sulfate(SO^(2−)_(4))also increased under both biochar amendments,but size effects were not observed.SB and LB suppressed the abundance of CH_(4) producers(methanogens)but stimulated the abundance of CH_(4) consumers(methanotrophs).The increase of soil Eh and electron acceptors(NO^(−)_(3)and SO^(2−)_(4))indicated the increase in soil oxidation capacity is a barrier to CH_(4) production by methanogens in both biochar treatments.Laboratory incubation experiments showed that CH_(4) production activity was significantly(p≤0.05)reduced by 18.5%using SB and by 11.3%using LB compared to the control.In contrast,the stimulation of methanotrophs promoted greater CH_(4) oxidation activity by 15.0%in SB and 18.7%in LB compared to the control.It shows that CH_(4) production was reduced more by larger surface area biochar(SB),while a greater increase in CH_(4) oxidation was found using larger pore volume biochar(LB).The effects on CH_(4) production were more pronounced than those on CH_(4) oxidation,resulting in a greater reduction of cumulative CH_(4) emissions by SB than LB(by 26.6%and 19.9%compared to control,respectively).
文摘This study aims to assess the physico-chemical quality of irrigation water and soil in the irrigated area of M’Bahiakro.Seasonal campaigns to measure in situ the physical parameters(pH,temperature,salinity,electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids)of the N’Zi River were carried out,followed by sampling(water and soil)for chemical analyses.The physico-chemical quality of irrigation water was assessed on the basis of four(4)parameters,namely Dry Residue(SR),Osmotic Pressure(π),Kelly Coefficient(KCR),Sodium Absorption Rate(SAR)and Wilcox Diagram.In terms of soil quality,the parameters(pH,N,P,P,K,MO,CEC and ESP)were determined.Overall,the results show a good physical-chemical quality of the irrigation water and soil.Indeed,the irrigation waters studied show good physico-chemistry and low to medium salinity depending on the seasons of the year.As for the soils,they have a clayey-silt texture,a slightly acidic pH,favourable to rice cultivation and a good organic matter content,which best maintains an active microbial life.In addition,the major elements(nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium)present in irrigation water and soils could be enough to optimize the yield of rice cultivation.These results then lead to the conclusion that the irrigation water from the N’Zi River and the soils of the irrigated perimeter of M’Bahiakro are naturally suitable for agricultural use,particularly for rice cultivation.As a result,an additional supply of fertilizer(NPK)would not necessarily be necessary during the exploitation phase of the rice area.
基金Sponsored by Social Science Planning Project of Jiangxi Province(19YS06)Science and Technology Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJJ190196)+1 种基金Basic Education Research Project of Jiangxi Province(SZUNDZH2020-1138)Culture and Art Science Planning Project of Jiangxi Province(YG2021134)。
文摘Based on the research on the relevant background and significance of the sustainable development of agricultural cultural heritage,taking Wannian rice cultivation culture system as an example and its natural environment,traditional agricultural production activities,unique cultural patterns,socio-economic development and protection,and protection and development approach as the basis for evaluation,an evaluation index system for the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture system was constructed.Each index was quantified and standardized,and their weight was determined through the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture system.The evaluation value was analyzed to propose the main issues in the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture.
文摘Flooded rice cultivation fields appear to be the major source of methane emission. In Benin Republic, flooded rice is cultivated in the Niger River and Ouémé River Basins. The present study aims to assess the contribution of flooded rice cultivation systems to methane emissions in the lower Ouémé Valley. Methane emission calculation was based on Activity Data which is the flooded rice harvested surface area from 2008 to 2017. The Tier 2 methodology of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines’ and the complements of the “Refinement 2019” have been used to elaborate the specific emission factors for the lower valley of Ouémé and to estimate the emission of methane in this zone. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with producers in order to elaborate on their perceptions of gas emissions in the flooded rice fields. The EX-ACT tool was used to estimate the carbon footprint of the intensive rice cultivation system “SRI” and the conventional rice cultivation system “SRC”. It is shown that producers have a strong perception of gas emissions in rice fields but are totally unaware of the nature of the gas. Methane emitted in the lower valley of the Ouémé is around 528 tons/year between 2008 and 2017 while the carbon footprint resulting from the results of EX-ACT for the adoption of the SRI rises to the level of sequestration of approximately 0.4 tCH4/ha/year. The intensive rice cultivation system has been identified as the production system that minimizes methane emissions and maximizes rice production.
文摘Following the success in rice cultivation onfloating-beds in natural water in 1990,the eco-logical adaptability of growing rice on floating-beds was studied during the period of 1991-1993.Experiments were conducted in five dif-ferent types of natural waters in ZhejiangProvince from 28°35′ to 30°58′N and from 119°05′ to 121°11′E.The results indicated that:1)Yield of double-cropping early ricegrowing on floating-beds was lower than one
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation General Project of Heilongjiang Province(C2018050).
文摘As a vital food crop,rice is an important part of global food crops.Studying the spatiotemporal changes in rice cultivation facilitates early prediction of production risks and provides support for agricultural policy decisions related to rice.With the increasing application of satellite remote sensing technology in crop monitoring,remote sensing for rice cultivation has emerged as a novel approach,offering new perspectives for monitoring rice planting.This paper briefly outlined the current research and development status of satellite remote sensing for monitoring rice cultivation both at home and abroad.Foreign scholars have made innovations in data sources and methodologies for satellite remote sensing monitoring,and utilized multi-source satellite information and machine learning algorithms to enhance the accuracy of rice planting monitoring.Scholars in China have achieved significant results in the study of satellite remote sensing for monitoring rice cultivation.Their research and application in monitoring rice planting areas provide valuable references for agricultural production management.However,satellite remote sensing monitoring of rice still faces challenges such as low spatiotemporal resolution and difficulties related to cloud cover and data fusion,which require further in-depth investigation.Additionally,there are shortcomings in the accuracy of remote sensing monitoring for fragmented farmland plots and smallholder farming.To address these issues,future efforts should focus on developing multi-source heterogeneous data fusion analysis technologies and researching monitoring systems.These advancements are expected to enable high-precision large-scale acquisition of rice planting information,laying a foundation for future smart agriculture.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 18CKG002)
文摘Through the analysis of macro-and micro-plant remains,food residues and the rice-field like features from the mid-Neolithic site of Hanjing in the Huai River region,we propose an early beginning of rice cultivation at Hanjing.The presence of non-shattering rice spikelet bases and the increasing percentages of rice phytoliths confirm the appearance of domesticated rice in the Hanjing archaeobotanical assemblage.However,as indicated by the different prediction rates of rice domestication shown by morphometric of the double-peaked Oryza-type glum cells and fish-scale decorations on the Oryza-type bulliform cells from different cultural phases before 7,000 a BP,rice cultivation was at an early stage of development.Our findings provide new and significant evidence towards the establishment of the Huai River as another important center for early rice cultivation and domestication in prehistoric China.
基金Supported by Social Science Foundation of Hubei Province(HBSKJJ20243227)Doctoral Initiation Project of Hubei University of Science and Technology(BK201819).
文摘The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt),and wart-grain rice(Oryza granate Nees et Arn.ex Hook.f.).Rice culture is the main theme of agricultural culture in this economic belt and an outstanding representative of excellent traditional Chinese culture.This study provides an overview of the history of rice cultivation in the belt from the prehistory,post-history and modern progress.It studies the agricultural cultural heritage resources of the whole rice industry chain from the biological genetic resources,world cultural heritage,key cultural relics protection units,national archaeological site parks,movable cultural relics,important agricultural cultural heritage,intangible cultural heritage,China time-honored brands,historical names,traditional markers,tribute culture,archival and documentary heritage.It also analyzes the six main problems in the inheritance and development of rice farming culture,and proposes 8 strategies,including promoting the inheritance and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture through the inheritance of rice farming culture,promoting the Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Civilization Project through rice farming culture,and creating the Yangtze River National Cultural Park with rice farming culture as the main theme.
文摘In recent years,the scale of rice and shrimp cultivation in Hubei Province is expanding year by year,and cultivation model is innovating continuously,while consumption market is enlarging constantly.It realizes"dual use of one land,win-win of grain and fishery,stable grain production,and efficiency increase",and effectively solves the problems that"benefit of grain planting is low,and it is difficult to increase farmers'income".But there are still many problems at present,such as degeneration of crayfish germplasm,increase of disease incidence,centralized entering in the market affecting breeding efficiency,the benefits of rice not brought into full play,large number of business entities,lack of leading enterprises and sufficient supporting.To realize sustainable development of rice and shrimp cultivation industry,Hubei Province should adhere to the problem orientation,do a good job in supporting and capital guidance,increase effective supply,promote scale operation,cultivate leading enterprises,strengthen production management,and improve product quality.
文摘cies of cultivated rice in ancient China is possibly more northward than in the modern times. The earliest rice grains unearthed from the Neolithic sites existed along the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The later ones were found in Yunnan Province, South China and along the Yellow River reaches. Primitive rice cropping in the Taihu Lake region which is on the lower reach of the Yangtze River has already a 6,000-7,000 years history and the primitive tribes growing rice there are ancestors of the Yue Nationality since the beginning of the history, hence the Yue Nationality is the most important one for rice cropping in China. During the periods of Spring-Autumn and Warring States to Qin and Han Dynasties (from 722 B.C. to A.D.220 ), Yue people disseminated rice to Japan, Korea and other Southeast Asian countries by sea. In the period of over 3,000 years since the recorded history,the rice development in China has experienced changes from north to south and from south to north. As Chinese c
基金supported by Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20399)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23JC1403500,22ZR1455300)+2 种基金Specific university discipline construction project(2023B10564002,2023B10564004)Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(2024-02-08-00-12-F00028)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01).
文摘Asian cultivated rice is one of the most important cereal crops globally,feeding approximately 50%of the world's population.Increasing rice nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)is crucial for achieving high yields with low nitrogen inputs(Xu et al.,2012;Hu et al.,2023).However,modern cultivars are typically bred for high yields through excessive nitrogen fertilizer use,leading to the loss of beneficial alleles associated with high NUE during the breeding process(Wang and Peng,2017;Hu et al.,2023).Genetic improvement for high NUE should be a key strategy in breeding“Green Super Rice”(GSR)(Yu et al.,2021)and water-saving and drought-resistance rice(WDR)(Luo,2010;Xia et al.,2022)for sustainable agriculture.Asian cultivated rice is highly diverse and harbors vital genetic variants essential for adaptation to different environments(Wing et al.,2018).
文摘During the 1970’s and 1980’s studies on the rela-tion between LAI and yield had been carried out inGAAS.The main results were as follows:(1)Usingthe accumulated LAI value at three stages,i.e.panicle initiation(PI),heading(H)and 20 d afterheading(H),to analyze the relation between LAIand yield was more accurrate than only using theLAI value at H stage(see table);(2)Reaching cer-
基金The project supported by the Grant from Presidentof Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The first internal transcribed spacer(ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA of three wild rice species and two subspecies of cultivated rice, which are distributed in China, was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced with automated fluorescent sequencing. The sequences of ITS1 ranged from 193 bp to 218 bp in size and G/C content varied from 69.3% to 72.7%. In pairwise comparisons among the five taxa, sequence site divergence ranged from 1.5% to 10.6%. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences using Wagner parsimony generated a single well resolved tree, which revealed that Oryza rufipogon was much more closely related to cultivated rice species than to the other two wild species. Oryza granulata was less closely related to either cultivated rice species or the other two wild species, and might be a unique and isolated taxon in the genus Oryza. The phylogenetic relationships of the three wild rice species and two cultivated rice subspecies inferred from ITS1 sequences is highly concordant with those based on the molecular evidence from isozyme, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) of the genus Oryza .
基金Supported by the General Programs of the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(30460019)Key Technologies R&D Program ofYunnan Province(2006NG34,2008C004Z)Cooperative Program Between Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS) and RDA of Korea~~
文摘[ Objective] The genetic diversity of the local cultivated aromatic rice and non-aromatic rice in Yunnan Province were compared to provide further genetic resources for breeding practice. [Method] Genetic diversity of 10 aromatic rice and 45 non-aromatic rice were analyzed by 64 SSR primers covered on 12 rice chromosomes. [ Result] Per locus 5.44 and 7.98 alleles in average were detected, ranging from 2 to 12 and from 2 to 17 in aromatic and non-aromatic rice, respectively. Average genetic multiplicity index（Hs） was 0.46 and 0.67 respectively. The average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.43 and 0.58 in aromatic and non-aromatic rice respectively. [ Conclusion] The results indicated that genetic diversity was higher in non-aromatic rice than in aromatic rice.
