Human brain is hypothesized to store a geometry and dynamic model of the limb.A multilayer perceptron (or MLP) network is used to stand for the model.In this paper the human elbow joint rhythmic movement is simulated ...Human brain is hypothesized to store a geometry and dynamic model of the limb.A multilayer perceptron (or MLP) network is used to stand for the model.In this paper the human elbow joint rhythmic movement is simulated in three cases:1)Parameters of the MLP,the limb geometry and dynamic model match completely,2)Parameters mismatch between them,and 3)Disturbance exists.The results show that parameters mismatch is the main error source,which causes the elbow joint movement to be aberrant.From this we can infer that movement study is a process in which the internal model is updated continuously to match the geometry and dynamic model of limb.展开更多
Plant leaves respond to day/night cycling in a number of physiological ways. At the mRNA level, the expression of some genes changes during the 24 h period. To determine which proteins exhibited a rhythmic pattern of ...Plant leaves respond to day/night cycling in a number of physiological ways. At the mRNA level, the expression of some genes changes during the 24 h period. To determine which proteins exhibited a rhythmic pattern of expression, proteomic profiles in maize seedling leaves were analyzed by high-throughput two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, combined with MALDI-TOF MS technology. Of the 464 proteins that were detected with silver staining in a pH range of 4-7, 17 （3.66%） showed clock rhythmicity in their abundance. These proteins belonged to diverse functional groups and proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism were over-represented. These findings provide a new perspective on the relationship between the physiological functions of leaves and the clock rhythmic system.展开更多
The Mongolian gerbil has been widely used in many research fields and has been reported to be a diurnal laboratory animal. The circadian rhythmicity of these gerbils was investigated in the present study by measuring ...The Mongolian gerbil has been widely used in many research fields and has been reported to be a diurnal laboratory animal. The circadian rhythmicity of these gerbils was investigated in the present study by measuring two hormones that show daily oscillations, cortisol and ACTH, in serum using ELISA kits. The levels of the two hormones were highest at 8:00 am and their rhythmic changes were similar to those in humans. In addition, the influence of stress of handling and blood collection on the physiological parameters of the gerbils was examined. After adaptation to handling for 1 week, some serum parameters in the animals changed. Handling and blood collection did not impact significantly on the following parameters: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin (ALB). However, blood glucose (GLU), total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) significantly increased while creatinine (CRE) and albumin/globulin (A/G) significantly decreased after adaptation. This work further confirms that the Mongolian gerbil is a diurnal animal and also indicates that a suitable adaptation procedure is necessary for getting reliable results when performing experiments using these animals.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts.Methods:Before the experimental training,...Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts.Methods:Before the experimental training,10 female gymnasts performed a gradually increased exercise test to assess maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen consumption,and anaerobic threshold.They executed 2 intermittent training sessions separated by 48 h of recovery(48 h-post R):the first was performed at low-moderate intensity(LMI)and the second at high intensity(HI).Blood samples were collected immediately preand post-training and 48 h-post R.Hydroperoxide level(OxL)and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)were photometrically measured.Results:OxL was significantly higher in post-training and 48 h-post R following HI than the same conditions after an LMI session(HI vs.LMI post-training:381.10±46.17(mean±SD)vs.344.18±27.94 Units Carratelli(U.CARR);48 h-post R:412.21±26.61 vs.373.80±36.08 U.CARR).There was no change in TAC between the 2 training sessions investigated.In LMI training,OxL significantly decreased in post-training and increased to reach the baseline at 48 h-post R,whereas TAC increased only at 48 h-post R.In HI training,OxL significantly increased to reach a high oxidative stress 48 h-post R,whereas TAC was lower in post-training than pre-training.Conclusion:The pattern of OxL and TAC levels implies different regulation mechanisms by HI and LMI training sessions.High oxidative stress induced by an HI protocol might be associated with both insufficient TAC and recovery time at 48 h necessary to restore redox balance.展开更多
This study＇s objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan- Xiangong Fault is divided into f...This study＇s objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan- Xiangong Fault is divided into five subsegments; among these, the Badu-Longwei segment has been the most recently active. The geomorphic features of the Badu-Longwei segment are clearly displayed, including multiple high fault scarps with fresh bedrock free faces. There is significant evidence for Holocene activity of the three fault sections, located in Renhuashu, Tianjiagou, and Xinjiecun respectively. The three sections feature distinct episodic deposition and fault scratches. Based on 14C- dating and field observations on the three fault sections, two or more paleoearthquakes across the Badu-Longwei fault segment are ascertained, between 5874±116 and 5430±140 a BP, and after 2037±83 a BP respectively. The Badu-Longwei segment of the Guguan-Xiangong Fault is preliminarily extrapolated as the seismogenic structure of the 600 A.D. Qin-Long earthquake.展开更多
Many behavioral activities of the horseshoe crab Limulus are rhythmic, and most of these are produced in large part by central pattern generators within the CNS. The chain of opisthosomal （‘abdominal＇） ganglia con...Many behavioral activities of the horseshoe crab Limulus are rhythmic, and most of these are produced in large part by central pattern generators within the CNS. The chain of opisthosomal （‘abdominal＇） ganglia controls gill movements of ventilation and gill cleaning, and the prosomal ring of fused ganglia （brain and segmental ‘thoracic＇ ganglia） controls generation of feeding and locomotor movements of the legs. Both the opisthosomal CNS and the prosomal CNS can generate behaviorally ap- propriate patterns of motor output in isolation, without movements or sensory input. Preparations of the isolated opisthosomal CNS generate rhythmic output patterns of motor activity characterized as fictive ventilatory and gill cleaning rhythms. Moreover, CNS preparations also express longer-term patterns, such as intermittent ventilation or sequential bouts of ventilation and gill cleaning. Such longer-term patterns are commonly observed in intact animals. The isolated prosomal CNS does not spontaneously generate the activity patterns characteristic of walking, swimming, and feeding. However, perfusion of octopamine in the isolated prosomal CNS activates central pattern generators underlying rhythmic chewing movements, and injection of octopamine into in- tact Limulus promotes the chewing pattern of feeding, whether or not food is presented. Our understanding of the ability of neu-romodulators such as octopamine to elicit or alter central motor programs may help to clarify the central neural circuits of pattern generation that oroduce and coordinate these rhythmic behaviors展开更多
In a number of experiments, when detecting particles emitted in beta decays, periodic oscillations of count rate with an amplitude up to tenths of a percent and short bursts vastly exceeding the usual count rate are f...In a number of experiments, when detecting particles emitted in beta decays, periodic oscillations of count rate with an amplitude up to tenths of a percent and short bursts vastly exceeding the usual count rate are found. At the same time, several experiments did not detect any differences from the “normal” course of beta decays greater than 0.01%. The article shows that the inconsistency of the experimental results is due to different measurement technique. The assumption is made of the possible participation in the beta decay processes of cosmic slow neutrinos, which makes it possible to explain in a comprehensive manner not only periodic and sporadic changes in the beta decay rate, but also a number of other incomprehensible phenomena associated with beta radioactivity. On the basis of the experiments carried out, an estimate is made of the flux density of slow cosmic neutrinos.展开更多
The rhythmic movement is a spontaneous behavior due to the central pattern generator （CPG）. At present, the CPG model only shows the spontaneous behavior, but does not refer to the instruction regulation role of the...The rhythmic movement is a spontaneous behavior due to the central pattern generator （CPG）. At present, the CPG model only shows the spontaneous behavior, but does not refer to the instruction regulation role of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, a modified model based on the Matsuoka neural oscillator theory is presented to better show the regulation role of the cerebral cortex signal to the CPG neuronal network. The complex interaction between the input signal and other parameters in the CPG network is established, making all parameters of the CPG vary with the input signal. In this way, the effect of the input signal to the CPG network is enhanced so that the CPG network can express the self-regulation movement state instead of being limited to the spontaneous behavior, and thus the regulation role of the cerebral cortex signal can be reflected. Numerical simulation shows that the modified model can generate various movement forms with different modes, frequencies, and interchanges between them. It is revealed in theories that the cerebral cortex signal can regulate the mode and frequency of the gait in the ~ourse of the gait movement.展开更多
The words---coordination, coordination abilities and coordination training are getting more and more popular among the coaches in different sports. The rhythm makes the movement logical, easy and correct done. The pur...The words---coordination, coordination abilities and coordination training are getting more and more popular among the coaches in different sports. The rhythm makes the movement logical, easy and correct done. The purpose of this study is to determine any difference between the coordination abilities of 10-11 years old gifts practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastics. In that study, we have tested 40 girls at the age of 10-11 years practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastic. We have tested them by 7 coordination tests. The results from the tests have been calculated in math-statistic methods and we have used descriptive statistic and t-test by Student with guaranteed probability Pt 〉 95 %. Ten-eleven old girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic have advantage against the girls practicing basketball in all 7 tests examining coordination abilities. The girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic, guaranteed by statistic, have better results in the balance and rhythmic abilities than the girls practicing basketball game. That statement is showing us that at this age the rhythmic gymnastic or elements from rhythmic gymnastic should be used for developing balance and rhythmic ability, which are very important for the basketball game.展开更多
The Code of Points （COP） is the evaluation tool of Rhythmic Gymnastics （RG） and contributes to its evolution as sport. This tool is applied in competition by the judges who have a crucial role in the performance e...The Code of Points （COP） is the evaluation tool of Rhythmic Gymnastics （RG） and contributes to its evolution as sport. This tool is applied in competition by the judges who have a crucial role in the performance evaluation. The aim of this study was to characterize the International judges, their perception of the objectivity of their judgment in competitions and their opinions about the content and the reliability of the Code of Points. 162 international RG judges answered a questionnaire specially designed for this study For the data analysis, non-parametric tests were used. According to the judges, the evaluation of the difficulty component in the individual routines has more subjectivity in the items of Mastery （58.6%） and Dance Steps （55.6%） and is less subjective in the body difficulties of Balance （72.2%）. Concerning the execution, the judges consider that the evaluation of the artistic faults is the most subjective in this domain （64.8%）. Within the artistic faults the items unity of the composition and relation between the Music and the Movements, were those which registered higher significant results for the subjectivity in the evaluation （47.5% and 37.0%, respectively）.展开更多
A monitoring of multiple physical parameters in a moderate seismic area in Western Piedmont (NW Italy) and the simultaneous observation of the behaviour of numerous species of domestic and wild animals gave in a perio...A monitoring of multiple physical parameters in a moderate seismic area in Western Piedmont (NW Italy) and the simultaneous observation of the behaviour of numerous species of domestic and wild animals gave in a period of over twenty years the possibility to distinguish the unusual animal behaviours due to local earthquake nucleation from other causes. In particular, the observation of the body and vocal language of dogs (Canis familiaris) in the same area has permitted not only to specify the different meanings of vocal language in connection to their body language, but also to classify the minimum elements into a vocal language that is linked together by tonal and rhythmical sequences of sounds that form a semantic lexicon. The usage of the same tonal and rhythmical vocal sequences in similar or identical situations, which are experienced by different groups of dogs, induces us to verify whether it could be possible to link particular vocal sequences to precise physical anomalies before earthquakes. The individuation of physical anomalies due to an earthquake nucleation or due to a hydro-geological destabilization, is possible thanks to a continuous long-term monitoring of some parameters. Moreover, the complexity of the vocal language of dogs increases if the dogs live in an area with a law population density. Then the correlation between some vocal sequences and some seismic precursors is better if dogs live free in yard or on farms, if they are in good health, and if they can establish a strong social relation of group. When dogs live closed in yards of houses that are far apart, they communicate with each other with an amazing vocal language, full of questions and answers, imitations of sequences, and information about situations that may be harmful to them.展开更多
The actual purpose of this study is to establish the cortical arousal strategies （according to the power of the EEG （electroencephalogram） a-oscillations） during the aural perception as well as manual playback of ...The actual purpose of this study is to establish the cortical arousal strategies （according to the power of the EEG （electroencephalogram） a-oscillations） during the aural perception as well as manual playback of mono- and polyphonic rhythmical patterns in men with left profile. The study involved 35 men from 19 to 21 years old with the left profile of the manual and aural asymmetries. EEG was recorded in the functional status of rest： during the aural perception and playback of mono- and polyphonic rhythmical patterns with the left and right hand fingers. The monophony in the rhythmical pattern sounding relative to monophonic patterns is followed by more expressed and widespread cortical processes of the EEG a-oscillation depression. Given patterns indicate a greater intensity of ascending nonspecific arousal strategies of data processing by men on conditions of the sound and harmonious complications of the pattern structure. The aural perception and playback of rhythmical patterns with both hands were accompanied by the increased significance of arousal processes in the right hemisphere. This may be due to the dominant role of the hemisphere during the formation of the innervation impacts on the left-hander＇s neuro-motor apparatus. More differentiated changes in the cerebral cortex were installed during the left hand activation.展开更多
Structural problems associated with excessive vibration of building floor systems when subjected to human rhythmic activities have been frequent.In this context,this research work aims to develop an analysis methodolo...Structural problems associated with excessive vibration of building floor systems when subjected to human rhythmic activities have been frequent.In this context,this research work aims to develop an analysis methodology to evaluate the human comfort and assess the fatigue performance of steel-concrete composite floors when subjected to human rhythmic activities(aerobics).The investigated structural model corresponds to a steel-concrete floor with dimensions of 10 m×10 m and a total area of 100 m^(2).The numerical model developed for the dynamic analysis of the floor adopted the usual mesh refinement techniques present in finite element method(FEM)simulations implemented in the ANSYS program.The investigated floor dynamic response was calculated through the consideration of people practicing rhythmic activities on the structure,in order to verify the occurrence of excessive vibration and to assess the human comfort.The fatigue assessment is based on a linear cumulative damage rule through the use of the Rainflow-counting algorithm and S-N curves from traditional design codes.The results indicated that,in several analysed situations,the investigated floor presents excessive vibration and user’s discomfort.On the other hand,the structure service life values were higher than those proposed by the design codes,ensuring that the members,connections and joints will not fail by fatigue cracking.展开更多
Wordsworth who focuses on common people’s common life as his major theme gives readers a sense of universality of human destiny via the description of sounds in The Solitary Reaper through poetic style,rhythmic modes...Wordsworth who focuses on common people’s common life as his major theme gives readers a sense of universality of human destiny via the description of sounds in The Solitary Reaper through poetic style,rhythmic modes and rhetorical devices which shows musical beauty of the poem.展开更多
Background Following the standardized nomenclature proposed by the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society(ACNS),rhythmic high-amplitude delta activity with superimposed spikes(RHADS)can be reported as an extreme de...Background Following the standardized nomenclature proposed by the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society(ACNS),rhythmic high-amplitude delta activity with superimposed spikes(RHADS)can be reported as an extreme delta brush(EDB).The clinical implications of similar electrographic patterns being reported as RHADS versus EDB are important to highlight.We aim to review the electrographic characteristics of RHADS,evaluate whether RHADS is seen in other neurological disorders,and identify the similar and unique characteristics between RHADS and EDB to ultimately determine the most accurate way to differentiate and report these patterns.We believe that the differentiation of RHADS and EDB is important as there is a vast difference in the diagnostic approach and the medical management of associated underlying etiologies.Data source We conducted an extensive search on MEDLINE and Pubmed utilizing various combinations of keywords.Searching for“gamma polymerase and EEG”,or“RHADS”or“Alpers syndrome and EEG”or“EEG”AND“Alpers–Huttenlocher syndrome”.Results Three articles were found to be focused on the description of“RHADS”pattern in Alpers Syndrome.No publication to date were found when searching for the terms“EDB”AND“children”,AND“infant”AND“adolescent”excluding“encephalitis”and“neonate”.Although RHADS and EDB appear as similar EEG patterns,meticulous analysis can differentiate them.RHADS is not exclusive to patients with Alpers–Huttenlocher syndrome and may manifest in regions beyond the posterior head region.Reactivity to eye-opening and response to anesthesia can be two other elements that help in the differentiation of these patterns.Conclusion RHADS is not exclusive to patients with AHS and may manifest in regions beyond the posterior head region.Reactivity to eye-opening and response to anesthesia are features that help in the differentiation of these patterns.展开更多
文摘Human brain is hypothesized to store a geometry and dynamic model of the limb.A multilayer perceptron (or MLP) network is used to stand for the model.In this paper the human elbow joint rhythmic movement is simulated in three cases:1)Parameters of the MLP,the limb geometry and dynamic model match completely,2)Parameters mismatch between them,and 3)Disturbance exists.The results show that parameters mismatch is the main error source,which causes the elbow joint movement to be aberrant.From this we can infer that movement study is a process in which the internal model is updated continuously to match the geometry and dynamic model of limb.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB109000)the National Science Found for Distinguished Young Scholars, China(30925023)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671297)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2009AA101102)
文摘Plant leaves respond to day/night cycling in a number of physiological ways. At the mRNA level, the expression of some genes changes during the 24 h period. To determine which proteins exhibited a rhythmic pattern of expression, proteomic profiles in maize seedling leaves were analyzed by high-throughput two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, combined with MALDI-TOF MS technology. Of the 464 proteins that were detected with silver staining in a pH range of 4-7, 17 （3.66%） showed clock rhythmicity in their abundance. These proteins belonged to diverse functional groups and proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism were over-represented. These findings provide a new perspective on the relationship between the physiological functions of leaves and the clock rhythmic system.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:No.31572341
文摘The Mongolian gerbil has been widely used in many research fields and has been reported to be a diurnal laboratory animal. The circadian rhythmicity of these gerbils was investigated in the present study by measuring two hormones that show daily oscillations, cortisol and ACTH, in serum using ELISA kits. The levels of the two hormones were highest at 8:00 am and their rhythmic changes were similar to those in humans. In addition, the influence of stress of handling and blood collection on the physiological parameters of the gerbils was examined. After adaptation to handling for 1 week, some serum parameters in the animals changed. Handling and blood collection did not impact significantly on the following parameters: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin (ALB). However, blood glucose (GLU), total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) significantly increased while creatinine (CRE) and albumin/globulin (A/G) significantly decreased after adaptation. This work further confirms that the Mongolian gerbil is a diurnal animal and also indicates that a suitable adaptation procedure is necessary for getting reliable results when performing experiments using these animals.
基金supported by the University of Palermo (FFR 2012-13)
文摘Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts.Methods:Before the experimental training,10 female gymnasts performed a gradually increased exercise test to assess maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen consumption,and anaerobic threshold.They executed 2 intermittent training sessions separated by 48 h of recovery(48 h-post R):the first was performed at low-moderate intensity(LMI)and the second at high intensity(HI).Blood samples were collected immediately preand post-training and 48 h-post R.Hydroperoxide level(OxL)and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)were photometrically measured.Results:OxL was significantly higher in post-training and 48 h-post R following HI than the same conditions after an LMI session(HI vs.LMI post-training:381.10±46.17(mean±SD)vs.344.18±27.94 Units Carratelli(U.CARR);48 h-post R:412.21±26.61 vs.373.80±36.08 U.CARR).There was no change in TAC between the 2 training sessions investigated.In LMI training,OxL significantly decreased in post-training and increased to reach the baseline at 48 h-post R,whereas TAC increased only at 48 h-post R.In HI training,OxL significantly increased to reach a high oxidative stress 48 h-post R,whereas TAC was lower in post-training than pre-training.Conclusion:The pattern of OxL and TAC levels implies different regulation mechanisms by HI and LMI training sessions.High oxidative stress induced by an HI protocol might be associated with both insufficient TAC and recovery time at 48 h necessary to restore redox balance.
基金supported by the Chinese Geological Survey (CGS) (Grant No.1212011120181 & Grant No.1212011120115)a key project of the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41030317)
文摘This study＇s objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan- Xiangong Fault is divided into five subsegments; among these, the Badu-Longwei segment has been the most recently active. The geomorphic features of the Badu-Longwei segment are clearly displayed, including multiple high fault scarps with fresh bedrock free faces. There is significant evidence for Holocene activity of the three fault sections, located in Renhuashu, Tianjiagou, and Xinjiecun respectively. The three sections feature distinct episodic deposition and fault scratches. Based on 14C- dating and field observations on the three fault sections, two or more paleoearthquakes across the Badu-Longwei fault segment are ascertained, between 5874±116 and 5430±140 a BP, and after 2037±83 a BP respectively. The Badu-Longwei segment of the Guguan-Xiangong Fault is preliminarily extrapolated as the seismogenic structure of the 600 A.D. Qin-Long earthquake.
基金the U.S. Public Health Service for research grant funding for much of the work in my laboratory
文摘Many behavioral activities of the horseshoe crab Limulus are rhythmic, and most of these are produced in large part by central pattern generators within the CNS. The chain of opisthosomal （‘abdominal＇） ganglia controls gill movements of ventilation and gill cleaning, and the prosomal ring of fused ganglia （brain and segmental ‘thoracic＇ ganglia） controls generation of feeding and locomotor movements of the legs. Both the opisthosomal CNS and the prosomal CNS can generate behaviorally ap- propriate patterns of motor output in isolation, without movements or sensory input. Preparations of the isolated opisthosomal CNS generate rhythmic output patterns of motor activity characterized as fictive ventilatory and gill cleaning rhythms. Moreover, CNS preparations also express longer-term patterns, such as intermittent ventilation or sequential bouts of ventilation and gill cleaning. Such longer-term patterns are commonly observed in intact animals. The isolated prosomal CNS does not spontaneously generate the activity patterns characteristic of walking, swimming, and feeding. However, perfusion of octopamine in the isolated prosomal CNS activates central pattern generators underlying rhythmic chewing movements, and injection of octopamine into in- tact Limulus promotes the chewing pattern of feeding, whether or not food is presented. Our understanding of the ability of neu-romodulators such as octopamine to elicit or alter central motor programs may help to clarify the central neural circuits of pattern generation that oroduce and coordinate these rhythmic behaviors
文摘In a number of experiments, when detecting particles emitted in beta decays, periodic oscillations of count rate with an amplitude up to tenths of a percent and short bursts vastly exceeding the usual count rate are found. At the same time, several experiments did not detect any differences from the “normal” course of beta decays greater than 0.01%. The article shows that the inconsistency of the experimental results is due to different measurement technique. The assumption is made of the possible participation in the beta decay processes of cosmic slow neutrinos, which makes it possible to explain in a comprehensive manner not only periodic and sporadic changes in the beta decay rate, but also a number of other incomprehensible phenomena associated with beta radioactivity. On the basis of the experiments carried out, an estimate is made of the flux density of slow cosmic neutrinos.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.10872068 and 10672057)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities
文摘The rhythmic movement is a spontaneous behavior due to the central pattern generator （CPG）. At present, the CPG model only shows the spontaneous behavior, but does not refer to the instruction regulation role of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, a modified model based on the Matsuoka neural oscillator theory is presented to better show the regulation role of the cerebral cortex signal to the CPG neuronal network. The complex interaction between the input signal and other parameters in the CPG network is established, making all parameters of the CPG vary with the input signal. In this way, the effect of the input signal to the CPG network is enhanced so that the CPG network can express the self-regulation movement state instead of being limited to the spontaneous behavior, and thus the regulation role of the cerebral cortex signal can be reflected. Numerical simulation shows that the modified model can generate various movement forms with different modes, frequencies, and interchanges between them. It is revealed in theories that the cerebral cortex signal can regulate the mode and frequency of the gait in the ~ourse of the gait movement.
文摘The words---coordination, coordination abilities and coordination training are getting more and more popular among the coaches in different sports. The rhythm makes the movement logical, easy and correct done. The purpose of this study is to determine any difference between the coordination abilities of 10-11 years old gifts practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastics. In that study, we have tested 40 girls at the age of 10-11 years practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastic. We have tested them by 7 coordination tests. The results from the tests have been calculated in math-statistic methods and we have used descriptive statistic and t-test by Student with guaranteed probability Pt 〉 95 %. Ten-eleven old girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic have advantage against the girls practicing basketball in all 7 tests examining coordination abilities. The girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic, guaranteed by statistic, have better results in the balance and rhythmic abilities than the girls practicing basketball game. That statement is showing us that at this age the rhythmic gymnastic or elements from rhythmic gymnastic should be used for developing balance and rhythmic ability, which are very important for the basketball game.
文摘The Code of Points （COP） is the evaluation tool of Rhythmic Gymnastics （RG） and contributes to its evolution as sport. This tool is applied in competition by the judges who have a crucial role in the performance evaluation. The aim of this study was to characterize the International judges, their perception of the objectivity of their judgment in competitions and their opinions about the content and the reliability of the Code of Points. 162 international RG judges answered a questionnaire specially designed for this study For the data analysis, non-parametric tests were used. According to the judges, the evaluation of the difficulty component in the individual routines has more subjectivity in the items of Mastery （58.6%） and Dance Steps （55.6%） and is less subjective in the body difficulties of Balance （72.2%）. Concerning the execution, the judges consider that the evaluation of the artistic faults is the most subjective in this domain （64.8%）. Within the artistic faults the items unity of the composition and relation between the Music and the Movements, were those which registered higher significant results for the subjectivity in the evaluation （47.5% and 37.0%, respectively）.
文摘A monitoring of multiple physical parameters in a moderate seismic area in Western Piedmont (NW Italy) and the simultaneous observation of the behaviour of numerous species of domestic and wild animals gave in a period of over twenty years the possibility to distinguish the unusual animal behaviours due to local earthquake nucleation from other causes. In particular, the observation of the body and vocal language of dogs (Canis familiaris) in the same area has permitted not only to specify the different meanings of vocal language in connection to their body language, but also to classify the minimum elements into a vocal language that is linked together by tonal and rhythmical sequences of sounds that form a semantic lexicon. The usage of the same tonal and rhythmical vocal sequences in similar or identical situations, which are experienced by different groups of dogs, induces us to verify whether it could be possible to link particular vocal sequences to precise physical anomalies before earthquakes. The individuation of physical anomalies due to an earthquake nucleation or due to a hydro-geological destabilization, is possible thanks to a continuous long-term monitoring of some parameters. Moreover, the complexity of the vocal language of dogs increases if the dogs live in an area with a law population density. Then the correlation between some vocal sequences and some seismic precursors is better if dogs live free in yard or on farms, if they are in good health, and if they can establish a strong social relation of group. When dogs live closed in yards of houses that are far apart, they communicate with each other with an amazing vocal language, full of questions and answers, imitations of sequences, and information about situations that may be harmful to them.
文摘The actual purpose of this study is to establish the cortical arousal strategies （according to the power of the EEG （electroencephalogram） a-oscillations） during the aural perception as well as manual playback of mono- and polyphonic rhythmical patterns in men with left profile. The study involved 35 men from 19 to 21 years old with the left profile of the manual and aural asymmetries. EEG was recorded in the functional status of rest： during the aural perception and playback of mono- and polyphonic rhythmical patterns with the left and right hand fingers. The monophony in the rhythmical pattern sounding relative to monophonic patterns is followed by more expressed and widespread cortical processes of the EEG a-oscillation depression. Given patterns indicate a greater intensity of ascending nonspecific arousal strategies of data processing by men on conditions of the sound and harmonious complications of the pattern structure. The aural perception and playback of rhythmical patterns with both hands were accompanied by the increased significance of arousal processes in the right hemisphere. This may be due to the dominant role of the hemisphere during the formation of the innervation impacts on the left-hander＇s neuro-motor apparatus. More differentiated changes in the cerebral cortex were installed during the left hand activation.
基金the support for this work provided by the Brazilian Science Foundations:CAPES,CNPq and FAPERJ.
文摘Structural problems associated with excessive vibration of building floor systems when subjected to human rhythmic activities have been frequent.In this context,this research work aims to develop an analysis methodology to evaluate the human comfort and assess the fatigue performance of steel-concrete composite floors when subjected to human rhythmic activities(aerobics).The investigated structural model corresponds to a steel-concrete floor with dimensions of 10 m×10 m and a total area of 100 m^(2).The numerical model developed for the dynamic analysis of the floor adopted the usual mesh refinement techniques present in finite element method(FEM)simulations implemented in the ANSYS program.The investigated floor dynamic response was calculated through the consideration of people practicing rhythmic activities on the structure,in order to verify the occurrence of excessive vibration and to assess the human comfort.The fatigue assessment is based on a linear cumulative damage rule through the use of the Rainflow-counting algorithm and S-N curves from traditional design codes.The results indicated that,in several analysed situations,the investigated floor presents excessive vibration and user’s discomfort.On the other hand,the structure service life values were higher than those proposed by the design codes,ensuring that the members,connections and joints will not fail by fatigue cracking.
文摘Wordsworth who focuses on common people’s common life as his major theme gives readers a sense of universality of human destiny via the description of sounds in The Solitary Reaper through poetic style,rhythmic modes and rhetorical devices which shows musical beauty of the poem.
文摘Background Following the standardized nomenclature proposed by the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society(ACNS),rhythmic high-amplitude delta activity with superimposed spikes(RHADS)can be reported as an extreme delta brush(EDB).The clinical implications of similar electrographic patterns being reported as RHADS versus EDB are important to highlight.We aim to review the electrographic characteristics of RHADS,evaluate whether RHADS is seen in other neurological disorders,and identify the similar and unique characteristics between RHADS and EDB to ultimately determine the most accurate way to differentiate and report these patterns.We believe that the differentiation of RHADS and EDB is important as there is a vast difference in the diagnostic approach and the medical management of associated underlying etiologies.Data source We conducted an extensive search on MEDLINE and Pubmed utilizing various combinations of keywords.Searching for“gamma polymerase and EEG”,or“RHADS”or“Alpers syndrome and EEG”or“EEG”AND“Alpers–Huttenlocher syndrome”.Results Three articles were found to be focused on the description of“RHADS”pattern in Alpers Syndrome.No publication to date were found when searching for the terms“EDB”AND“children”,AND“infant”AND“adolescent”excluding“encephalitis”and“neonate”.Although RHADS and EDB appear as similar EEG patterns,meticulous analysis can differentiate them.RHADS is not exclusive to patients with Alpers–Huttenlocher syndrome and may manifest in regions beyond the posterior head region.Reactivity to eye-opening and response to anesthesia can be two other elements that help in the differentiation of these patterns.Conclusion RHADS is not exclusive to patients with AHS and may manifest in regions beyond the posterior head region.Reactivity to eye-opening and response to anesthesia are features that help in the differentiation of these patterns.
