Recently, we reported a series of reversibly interlocked polymer networks(RILNs), whose mechanical robustness and functionalities improvement was believed to be derived from topological interlocking of two sub-network...Recently, we reported a series of reversibly interlocked polymer networks(RILNs), whose mechanical robustness and functionalities improvement was believed to be derived from topological interlocking of two sub-networks, although the direct evidence for the deduction is still lacking. Herein, a specially-designed RILNs system, in which the inter-component hydrogen bonds can be shielded as needed, was prepared and used to study the micro-structures of RILNs, aiming to verify the existence of mechanical interlocking in RILNs. By changing the pH of the swelling solvent, the effect exerted by the inter-component non-covalent bonds was eliminated, so detailed information of the networks structure was exposed. The small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering(SANS) results indicated that swelling-induced structural evolution of the two sub-networks mutually affected each other, even when the inter-component hydrogen bonds were absent, proving the presence of topological interlocking. The findings may help to draw a more accurate physical image and reveal the detailed structureproperty relationship of RILNs.展开更多
An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) for predicting the performance of a reversibly used cooling tower(RUCT) under cross flow conditions as part of a heat pump system for a heating mode in winter was demons...An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) for predicting the performance of a reversibly used cooling tower(RUCT) under cross flow conditions as part of a heat pump system for a heating mode in winter was demonstrated.Extensive field experimental work was carried out in order to gather enough data for training and prediction.The statistical methods,such as the correlation coefficient,absolute fraction of variance and root mean square error,were given to compare the predicted and actual values for model validation.The simulation results predicted with the ANFIS can be used to simulate the performance of a reversibly used cooling tower quite accurately.Therefore,the ANFIS approach can reliably be used for forecasting the performance of RUCT.展开更多
Surfactant-enhanced remediation （SER） is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） from contaminated soils and groundwater.To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the...Surfactant-enhanced remediation （SER） is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） from contaminated soils and groundwater.To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions.The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group,（ferrocenylmethyl）dodecyldimethylammonium bromide （Fc12） and （ferrocenylmethyl）tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide （Fc14）,above and below their critical micelle concentrations （CMC） under reducing （I ＋ ） and oxidative （I 2＋ ） conditions.The CMC values of Fc12 and Fc14 in I ＋ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fc12 and Fc14 in I ＋ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate,cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114.The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows： ethylbenzene toluene benzene.The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I ＋ were 30% higher than those in I 2＋ at comparable surfactant concentrations.The effects of Fc14 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows： benzene toluene ethylbenzene.However,an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations.Furthermore,the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants,which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.展开更多
Treatment of petroleum spills and organic solvent pollution in general is an important issue; several techniques are under development to remove oil from water. The use of absorbents is one of the most common techniqu...Treatment of petroleum spills and organic solvent pollution in general is an important issue; several techniques are under development to remove oil from water. The use of absorbents is one of the most common techniques to tackle this problem. These absorbents can be classified based on their characteristics of recyclability into irreversible and reversible ones. In this review, we discuss the application of several materials as oil absorbents, according to their classification and characteristics such as hydrophobicity, surface area and oil absorption capacity. Also, the fabrication methods for some materials are presented and analyzed.展开更多
A great challenge for all aqueous batteries,including Zn-metal batteries,is the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction on the low-potential anode.Herein,we report the formula of a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyt...A great challenge for all aqueous batteries,including Zn-metal batteries,is the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction on the low-potential anode.Herein,we report the formula of a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte that mitigates hydrogen evolution by transforming water molecules more inert.The electrolyte comprises primarily ZnCl_(2) and LiCl as an additive,both of which are inexpensive salts.The O-H covalent bonds in water get strengthened in a chemical environment that has fewer hydrogen bonding interactions and a greater number of Zn-Cl superhalides,as suggested by integrated characterization and simulation.As a result,the average Coulombic efficiency of zincmetal anode is raised to an unprecedented>99.7%at 1mA cm^(−2).In the new electrolyte,the plating/stripping processes leave the zinc-metal anode dendrite-free,and the zinc-metal anode delivers stable plating/stripping cycles for 4000 hours with an areal capacity of 4 mAh cm^(−2) at 2mA cm^(−2).Furthermore,the high Coulombic efficiency of zinc-metal anode in the ZnCl_(2)-LiCl mixture electrolyte is demonstrated in full cells with a limited anode.The V_(2)O_(5)·H_(2)O||Zn full cell with an N/P mass ratio of 1.2 delivers a stable life of more than 2500 cycles,and the LiMn_(2)O_(4)||Zn hybrid cell with an N/P mass ratio of 0.6 exhibits 1500 cycles in its stable life.展开更多
Oxygen consumption is a fundamental component of metabolic networks, mitochondrial function, and global carbon cycling. To date there is no method available that allows for replicate measurements on attached and unatt...Oxygen consumption is a fundamental component of metabolic networks, mitochondrial function, and global carbon cycling. To date there is no method available that allows for replicate measurements on attached and unattached biological samples without compensation for extraneous oxygen leaking into the system. Here we present the Respiratory Detection System, which is compatible with virtually any biological sample. The RDS can be used to measure oxygen uptake in microliter-scale volumes with a reversibly sealed sample chamber, which contains a porphyrin-based oxygen sensor. With the RDS, one can maintain a diffusional seal for up to three hours, allowing for the direct measurement of respiratory function of samples with fast or slow metabolic rates. The ability to easily measure oxygen uptake in small volumes with small populations or dilute samples has implications in cell biology, environmental biology, and clinical diagnostics.展开更多
A chirality induced helicity method has been developed to modulate the peptide＇s biophysical and biochemical properties. We report herein a novel approach for reversibly switching the conformation of short constraint...A chirality induced helicity method has been developed to modulate the peptide＇s biophysical and biochemical properties. We report herein a novel approach for reversibly switching the conformation of short constraint a-helical peptides through alkylation of the in-tether thioether and dealkylation of the chiral sulfonium. This traceless redox sensitive tagging strategy broadened our scope of CIH （chirality induced helicity） strategy and provided a valuable approach to functionalize the peptide tether.展开更多
The fabrication of liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers(ICEs)that can function as flexible temperature sensors with high sensitivity,fast response time,and efficient recyclability is a great challenge.In this study...The fabrication of liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers(ICEs)that can function as flexible temperature sensors with high sensitivity,fast response time,and efficient recyclability is a great challenge.In this study,novel liquid-free ICEs are conveniently fabricated through the complexation of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde-grafted poly(vinyl alcohol)(CPVA)with well-designed solid quaternary ammonium(QA)molecules bearing bifunctional hydrogen-bonding moieties.The resulting CPVA-QA elastomers,which are highly elastic and adhesive to diverse surfaces,exhibit a tensile strength of 6.6 MPa,a toughness of 14.7 MJ m^(-3),and a Young’s modulus of 0.15 MPa.These elastomers have a hydrogen-bonded network structure where the bifunctional QA molecules significantly suppress polymer chain entanglements.Benefitting from the thermally sensitive hydrogen bonds and the substantially reduced chain entanglements,the CPVA-QA elastomers show a high chain mobility upon temperature elevation,which facilitates ion transport within the CPVA-QA elastomers.Consequently,the CPVA-QA elastomer-based temperature sensors show an outstanding temperature resolution(0.05℃),a fast response time over a wide temperature range,and a record-high thermosensitivity of 10.8%K-1.Importantly,the CPVA-QA sensors can be depolymerized under mild conditions to recover their original components in high purity and yields(>96%),enabling closed-loop recycling of the sensors.展开更多
Traditional flame-retardant plastics are technically difficult to chemically recycle.The development of newtypes of flame-retardant plastics that are intrinsically capable of being closed-loop recycled and are suffici...Traditional flame-retardant plastics are technically difficult to chemically recycle.The development of newtypes of flame-retardant plastics that are intrinsically capable of being closed-loop recycled and are sufficiently robust and stable to satisfy their practical application is urgently needed.In this study,closed-loop recyclable flame-retardant plastics with high mechanical strength and excellent chemical resistance are fabricated by cross-linking amino-terminated polyimide(PI-NH_(2))and aldehyde-terminated cyclophosphazene(CP-CHO)with imine bonds.The resultant flame-retardant plastic,which is denoted as PI-CP,exhibits a tensile strength of∼115.6 MPa,Young’s modulus of∼2.5 GPa,and glass transition temperature of 316°C.In the PI-CP plastic,the imine bonds are isolated within hydrophobic microenvironments generated by the rigid and hydrophobic polyimide chains and the benzene ring of cyclophosphazenes.As a result,the PI-CP plastics are highly stable in highly acidic and basic aqueous solutions and other commonly used organic solvents.The PI-CP plastic shows outstanding flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index value of 48.8%.More importantly,the PI-CP plastic can be depolymerized to generate the original PI-NH_(2)and CPCHO monomers in high yields(∼97%)and purity.The recovered monomers can be used to refabricate the original plastics,establishing highly efficient polymer-monomer-polymer circulation and a sustainable plastics economy.展开更多
Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying...Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying temperature conditions.Specifically,while the RO system performs well under high temperatures,its efficiency decreases sharply at lower temperatures.Membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI)is considered as an emergent and promising technology for brackish water desalination.While plenty of studies have been devoted to investigating the impacts of raw water properties(e.g.,salinity,coexisting ions,and natural organic matter)on MCDI performance,the role of water temperatures during the desalination remains under-explored.In this study,we first tested and determined the optimized MCDI operation parameters,such as the cell voltage and feedwater flow rate.Key findings showed that MCDI’s salt removal efficiency remains unaffected by feedwater temperature fluctuations.However,as feedwater temperature increases from 15℃to 40℃,the specific energy consumption for desalination slightly rises by 16.3%,and current efficiency drops by 14.1%.Compared to RO systems,the resilience of MCDI to temperature fluctuations makes it a preferable choice for brackish water treatment in areas with a large temperature difference.展开更多
Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 waveba...Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 wavebands needs to be designed and prepared,while simultaneously satisfying high reflection in 2 wave-bands and high transmittance in 3 wavebands.Therefore,we have conducted a systematic study on the film design,thin film preparation process,and control accuracy of film layer thickness.In this work,the short-wave pass film system is superimposed with the long-wave pass film system,and the number of cycles and matching coefficient of the film system are tuned to meet the requirements of cut-off band.Additionally,Smith method was used to match bandpass film system to optimize the transmission band and complete the visible/near infrared multiband laser filter film design.In the preparation process,combined with the sensitiv-ity of the film layer,inverse analysis is used to invert the film layer monitored by each optical monitoring chip.The optical control scheme with weak optical signal in the monitoring process is simulated and correc-ted,and the monitoring wavelength with stronger optical signal is matched,resulting in an improvement of the control accuracy for the film thickness and the transmittance in the specified wavelength range.Ulti-mately,the actual physical thickness is 9.66μm,and the error with the theoretical design thickness is less than 0.4%,and the transmittance of the specified 3 wavebands exceeds 99%.The average transmittance of the cut-off bands at the 455−500 nm and 910−1000 nm is 0.45% and 0.16%,respectively.展开更多
Fluorescent reporter proteins that allow repeated switching between a fluorescent and a non-fluorescent state in response to specific wavelengths of light are novel tools for monitoring of protein trafficking and supe...Fluorescent reporter proteins that allow repeated switching between a fluorescent and a non-fluorescent state in response to specific wavelengths of light are novel tools for monitoring of protein trafficking and super-resolu- tion fluorescence microscopy in living organisms. Here, we describe variants of the reversibly photoswitchable fluores- cent proteins rsFastLime, bsDronpa, and Padron that have been codon-optimized for the use in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The synthetic proteins, designated rsFastLIME-s, bsDRONPA-s, and PADRON C-s, showed photophysical properties and switching behavior comparable to those reported for the original proteins. By combining the ＇positively switchable＇ PADRON C-s with the ＇negatively switchable＇ rsFastLIME-s or bsDRONPA-s, two different fluorescent reporter proteins could be imaged at the same wavelength upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Thus, co-localiza- tion analysis can be performed using only a single detection channel. Furthermore, the proteins were used to tag the RNA-binding protein AtGRP7 （Arabidopsis thaliana glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 7） in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Because the new reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins show an increase in signal strength during each pho- toactivation cycle, we were able to generate a large number of scans of the same region and reconstruct 3-D images of AtGRP7 expression in the root tip. Upon photoactivation of the AtGRP7：rsFastLIME-s fusion protein in a defined region of a transgenic Arabidopsis root, spreading of the fluorescence signal into adjacent regions was observed, indicating that movement from cell to cell can be monitored. Our results demonstrate that rsFastLIME-s, bsDRONPA-s, and PADRON C-s are versatile fluorescent markers in plants, Furthermore, the proteins also show strong fluorescence in mammalian cells including COS-7 and HeLa cells.展开更多
Preparation of MgB_(2)O_(5) whiskers from reverse flotation magnesite tailings/Dong Zeming,Dong Zeguang,Wang Shuxing,Liu Zhaoyang/Naihuo Cailiao.-2025,59(3):185 Abstract:Using reverse flotation magnesite tailings as a...Preparation of MgB_(2)O_(5) whiskers from reverse flotation magnesite tailings/Dong Zeming,Dong Zeguang,Wang Shuxing,Liu Zhaoyang/Naihuo Cailiao.-2025,59(3):185 Abstract:Using reverse flotation magnesite tailings as a magnesium source,MgB_(2)O_(5) whiskers were synthesized via a molten salt method in order to improve the recycling utilization of magnesite tailings and find an environmental friendly magnesium source for MgB_(2)O_(5) whiskers.The effects of the tailings activating treatment,reaction temperature(700,800 and 90℃)。展开更多
Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Her...Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Herein,a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi_(3)-S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH_(2).Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi_(3)-S into MgH_(2) significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption.The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite was 202 ℃,which was 123 ℃ lower than that of pure MgH_(2).At 325 ℃,the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite released 6.57 wt% H_(2)(fully dehydrogenated) within 1000 s.Remarkably,MgH_(2)+ 10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H_(2) within 30 min at 100 ℃.Moreover,6.3 wt% H_(2) was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 ℃,demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite.The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi_(3)-S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH_(2)(E_(a)= 98.6 k J/mol and 43.3 k J/mol,respectively).Through phase and microstructural analysis,it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg_(2)Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH_(2)/Mg_(2)NiH_(4)+Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems.Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH_(4) served as “hydrogen pump” and Fe/Mg S served as “hydrogen diffusion channel”,thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules.In conclusion,this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH_(2),which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas.展开更多
New-skeleton terpenoids have prompted considerable interest owing to their chemical and biological significance.A chemical study on the bark of Croton laui led to the isolation and identification of a new norsesterter...New-skeleton terpenoids have prompted considerable interest owing to their chemical and biological significance.A chemical study on the bark of Croton laui led to the isolation and identification of a new norsesterterpenoid,crolatinoid A(1),and two new neoclerodane diterpenoids,crolatinoids B and C(2 and 3).Structurally,compound 1 exhibits an unprecedented 12,17-cyclo20-nor phenyllabdane skeleton.Compound 2 features a novel 19(5→4)-abeo-3,5-cycloneoclerodane skeleton,which is hypothetically derived from precursor 3 through an oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement process.Furthermore,compound 1 demonstrated a significant capacity to reverse multidrug resistance in paclitaxel-resistant HCT-15 cells with a reversal fold value of 16.All three compounds displayed adipogenesis inhibition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.展开更多
We propose an optimization method based on evolutionary computation for the design of broadband high-efficiency current-biased reverse load-modulation power amplifiers(CB-RLM PAs).First,given the reverse load-modulati...We propose an optimization method based on evolutionary computation for the design of broadband high-efficiency current-biased reverse load-modulation power amplifiers(CB-RLM PAs).First,given the reverse load-modulation characteristics of CB-RLM PAs,a comprehensive objective function is proposed that combines multi-state impedance trajectory constraints with in-band performance deviations.For the saturation and 6 dB power back-off(PBO)states,approximately optimal impedance regions on the Smith chart are derived using impedance constraint circles based on load-pull simulations.These regions are used together with in-band performance deviations(e.g.,saturated efficiency,6 dB PBO efficiency,and saturated output power)for matching network optimization and design.Second,a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with adaptive weights,neighborhood,and global replacement is integrated with harmonic balance simulations to optimize design parameters and evaluate performance.Finally,to validate the proposed method,a broadband CB-RLM PA operating from 0.6 to 1.8 GHz is designed and fabricated.Measurement results show that the efficiencies at saturation,6 dB PBO,and 8 dB PBO all exceed 43.6%,with saturated output power being maintained at 40.9–41.5 dBm,which confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed broadband high-efficiency CB-RLM PA optimization and design approach.展开更多
Lysine-targeting reversible covalent inhibitors,particularly salicylaldehyde-based compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug Voxelotor,exhibit significant therapeutic potential but are limi...Lysine-targeting reversible covalent inhibitors,particularly salicylaldehyde-based compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug Voxelotor,exhibit significant therapeutic potential but are limited by challenges including instability and off-target effects.To overcome these limitations in kinase inhibitor A5,we devised a pH-responsive prodrug strategy by masking its reactive aldehyde group with an acid-labile hydrazone linkage and enhancing intracellular delivery through conjugation with FK506.The optimized prodrug demonstrated robust antitumor efficacy in K562 tumor-bearing mice.Furthermore,the incorporation of the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)led to the formation of self-assembled nanoparticles(AKNP),which not only improved physiological stability and prolonged tumor retention but also enabled light-triggered release of A5 in conjunction with photodynamic therapy(PDT).Our study thus presents a promising prodrug self-assembly strategy that combines the on-demand release of a novel lysine-targeting,reversible covalent kinase inhibitor with PDT in clinical cancer therapy.展开更多
The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the cent...The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.展开更多
The detection of steel surface anomalies has become an industrial challenge due to variations in production equipment,processes,and characteristics.To alleviate the problem,this paper proposes a detection and localiza...The detection of steel surface anomalies has become an industrial challenge due to variations in production equipment,processes,and characteristics.To alleviate the problem,this paper proposes a detection and localization method combining 3D depth and 2D RGB features.The framework comprises three stages:defect classification,defect location,an d warpage judgment.The first stage uses a dataefficient image Transformer model,the second stage utilizes reverse knowledge distillation,and the third stage performs feature fusion using3D depth and 2D RGB features.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves relatively high accuracy and feasibility,and can be effectively used in industrial scenarios.展开更多
Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strateg...Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strategy to prevent neurodegeneration would then be to save all neurons that are still alive,i.e.protecting the ones that are still healthy as well as trying to rescue the ones that are damaged and in the process of dying.Regarding the latter,recent experiments have indicated that the possibility of reversing the cell death process and rescuing dying cells is more significant than previously anticipated.In many situations,the elimination of the cell death trigger alone enables dying cells to spontaneously repair their damage,recover,and survive.In this review,we explore the factors,which determine the fate of neurons engaged in the cell death process.A deeper insight into cell death mechanisms and the intrinsic capacity of cells to recover could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52033011, 52173092 and 51973237)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos. 2019B1515120038, 2020A1515011276 and 2021A1515010417)+4 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City (No. 202201011568)the Talented Program of Guizhou University (No. X2022008)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University (No. 23yxqntd002)GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering,the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No. 2020010)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2021A1515110908)。
文摘Recently, we reported a series of reversibly interlocked polymer networks(RILNs), whose mechanical robustness and functionalities improvement was believed to be derived from topological interlocking of two sub-networks, although the direct evidence for the deduction is still lacking. Herein, a specially-designed RILNs system, in which the inter-component hydrogen bonds can be shielded as needed, was prepared and used to study the micro-structures of RILNs, aiming to verify the existence of mechanical interlocking in RILNs. By changing the pH of the swelling solvent, the effect exerted by the inter-component non-covalent bonds was eliminated, so detailed information of the networks structure was exposed. The small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering(SANS) results indicated that swelling-induced structural evolution of the two sub-networks mutually affected each other, even when the inter-component hydrogen bonds were absent, proving the presence of topological interlocking. The findings may help to draw a more accurate physical image and reveal the detailed structureproperty relationship of RILNs.
基金Projects(51108165, 51178170) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) for predicting the performance of a reversibly used cooling tower(RUCT) under cross flow conditions as part of a heat pump system for a heating mode in winter was demonstrated.Extensive field experimental work was carried out in order to gather enough data for training and prediction.The statistical methods,such as the correlation coefficient,absolute fraction of variance and root mean square error,were given to compare the predicted and actual values for model validation.The simulation results predicted with the ANFIS can be used to simulate the performance of a reversibly used cooling tower quite accurately.Therefore,the ANFIS approach can reliably be used for forecasting the performance of RUCT.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.20607008,21077048)the National Science Research Foundation of Yunnan Province Educational Office (No.07Y11138)
文摘Surfactant-enhanced remediation （SER） is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） from contaminated soils and groundwater.To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions.The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group,（ferrocenylmethyl）dodecyldimethylammonium bromide （Fc12） and （ferrocenylmethyl）tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide （Fc14）,above and below their critical micelle concentrations （CMC） under reducing （I ＋ ） and oxidative （I 2＋ ） conditions.The CMC values of Fc12 and Fc14 in I ＋ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fc12 and Fc14 in I ＋ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate,cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114.The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows： ethylbenzene toluene benzene.The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I ＋ were 30% higher than those in I 2＋ at comparable surfactant concentrations.The effects of Fc14 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows： benzene toluene ethylbenzene.However,an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations.Furthermore,the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants,which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.
基金the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Monterrey city, Mexico) for financial support (Project Paicyt-2015)
文摘Treatment of petroleum spills and organic solvent pollution in general is an important issue; several techniques are under development to remove oil from water. The use of absorbents is one of the most common techniques to tackle this problem. These absorbents can be classified based on their characteristics of recyclability into irreversible and reversible ones. In this review, we discuss the application of several materials as oil absorbents, according to their classification and characteristics such as hydrophobicity, surface area and oil absorption capacity. Also, the fabrication methods for some materials are presented and analyzed.
基金XJ thanks Oregon State University for AID program support.J-XJ thanks the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21574077 and 21304055)111 project(B14041)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK201801001)CZ is supported by a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council(201706870033)CF is grateful to the U.S.National Science Foundation CAREER grant(CHE-1455353)the support of the femtosecond stimulated Raman instrumentation and the NSF MRI grant(DMR-1920368)for additional support.
文摘A great challenge for all aqueous batteries,including Zn-metal batteries,is the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction on the low-potential anode.Herein,we report the formula of a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte that mitigates hydrogen evolution by transforming water molecules more inert.The electrolyte comprises primarily ZnCl_(2) and LiCl as an additive,both of which are inexpensive salts.The O-H covalent bonds in water get strengthened in a chemical environment that has fewer hydrogen bonding interactions and a greater number of Zn-Cl superhalides,as suggested by integrated characterization and simulation.As a result,the average Coulombic efficiency of zincmetal anode is raised to an unprecedented>99.7%at 1mA cm^(−2).In the new electrolyte,the plating/stripping processes leave the zinc-metal anode dendrite-free,and the zinc-metal anode delivers stable plating/stripping cycles for 4000 hours with an areal capacity of 4 mAh cm^(−2) at 2mA cm^(−2).Furthermore,the high Coulombic efficiency of zinc-metal anode in the ZnCl_(2)-LiCl mixture electrolyte is demonstrated in full cells with a limited anode.The V_(2)O_(5)·H_(2)O||Zn full cell with an N/P mass ratio of 1.2 delivers a stable life of more than 2500 cycles,and the LiMn_(2)O_(4)||Zn hybrid cell with an N/P mass ratio of 0.6 exhibits 1500 cycles in its stable life.
文摘Oxygen consumption is a fundamental component of metabolic networks, mitochondrial function, and global carbon cycling. To date there is no method available that allows for replicate measurements on attached and unattached biological samples without compensation for extraneous oxygen leaking into the system. Here we present the Respiratory Detection System, which is compatible with virtually any biological sample. The RDS can be used to measure oxygen uptake in microliter-scale volumes with a reversibly sealed sample chamber, which contains a porphyrin-based oxygen sensor. With the RDS, one can maintain a diffusional seal for up to three hours, allowing for the direct measurement of respiratory function of samples with fast or slow metabolic rates. The ability to easily measure oxygen uptake in small volumes with small populations or dilute samples has implications in cell biology, environmental biology, and clinical diagnostics.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21372023 and 81572198)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(No. 2015DFA31590)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Nos. JSGG20140519105550503, JCYJ20150331100849958,JCYJ20150403101146313, JCYJ20160301111338144,JCYJ20160331115853521, JSGG20160301095829250 and ZDSYS201504301539161)the Shenzhen Peacock Program(No. KQTD201103)
文摘A chirality induced helicity method has been developed to modulate the peptide＇s biophysical and biochemical properties. We report herein a novel approach for reversibly switching the conformation of short constraint a-helical peptides through alkylation of the in-tether thioether and dealkylation of the chiral sulfonium. This traceless redox sensitive tagging strategy broadened our scope of CIH （chirality induced helicity） strategy and provided a valuable approach to functionalize the peptide tether.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21935004 and 22305093).
文摘The fabrication of liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers(ICEs)that can function as flexible temperature sensors with high sensitivity,fast response time,and efficient recyclability is a great challenge.In this study,novel liquid-free ICEs are conveniently fabricated through the complexation of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde-grafted poly(vinyl alcohol)(CPVA)with well-designed solid quaternary ammonium(QA)molecules bearing bifunctional hydrogen-bonding moieties.The resulting CPVA-QA elastomers,which are highly elastic and adhesive to diverse surfaces,exhibit a tensile strength of 6.6 MPa,a toughness of 14.7 MJ m^(-3),and a Young’s modulus of 0.15 MPa.These elastomers have a hydrogen-bonded network structure where the bifunctional QA molecules significantly suppress polymer chain entanglements.Benefitting from the thermally sensitive hydrogen bonds and the substantially reduced chain entanglements,the CPVA-QA elastomers show a high chain mobility upon temperature elevation,which facilitates ion transport within the CPVA-QA elastomers.Consequently,the CPVA-QA elastomer-based temperature sensors show an outstanding temperature resolution(0.05℃),a fast response time over a wide temperature range,and a record-high thermosensitivity of 10.8%K-1.Importantly,the CPVA-QA sensors can be depolymerized under mild conditions to recover their original components in high purity and yields(>96%),enabling closed-loop recycling of the sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grant no.21935004).
文摘Traditional flame-retardant plastics are technically difficult to chemically recycle.The development of newtypes of flame-retardant plastics that are intrinsically capable of being closed-loop recycled and are sufficiently robust and stable to satisfy their practical application is urgently needed.In this study,closed-loop recyclable flame-retardant plastics with high mechanical strength and excellent chemical resistance are fabricated by cross-linking amino-terminated polyimide(PI-NH_(2))and aldehyde-terminated cyclophosphazene(CP-CHO)with imine bonds.The resultant flame-retardant plastic,which is denoted as PI-CP,exhibits a tensile strength of∼115.6 MPa,Young’s modulus of∼2.5 GPa,and glass transition temperature of 316°C.In the PI-CP plastic,the imine bonds are isolated within hydrophobic microenvironments generated by the rigid and hydrophobic polyimide chains and the benzene ring of cyclophosphazenes.As a result,the PI-CP plastics are highly stable in highly acidic and basic aqueous solutions and other commonly used organic solvents.The PI-CP plastic shows outstanding flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index value of 48.8%.More importantly,the PI-CP plastic can be depolymerized to generate the original PI-NH_(2)and CPCHO monomers in high yields(∼97%)and purity.The recovered monomers can be used to refabricate the original plastics,establishing highly efficient polymer-monomer-polymer circulation and a sustainable plastics economy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52370090,52300016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M733379,2024M753122).
文摘Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying temperature conditions.Specifically,while the RO system performs well under high temperatures,its efficiency decreases sharply at lower temperatures.Membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI)is considered as an emergent and promising technology for brackish water desalination.While plenty of studies have been devoted to investigating the impacts of raw water properties(e.g.,salinity,coexisting ions,and natural organic matter)on MCDI performance,the role of water temperatures during the desalination remains under-explored.In this study,we first tested and determined the optimized MCDI operation parameters,such as the cell voltage and feedwater flow rate.Key findings showed that MCDI’s salt removal efficiency remains unaffected by feedwater temperature fluctuations.However,as feedwater temperature increases from 15℃to 40℃,the specific energy consumption for desalination slightly rises by 16.3%,and current efficiency drops by 14.1%.Compared to RO systems,the resilience of MCDI to temperature fluctuations makes it a preferable choice for brackish water treatment in areas with a large temperature difference.
文摘Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 wavebands needs to be designed and prepared,while simultaneously satisfying high reflection in 2 wave-bands and high transmittance in 3 wavebands.Therefore,we have conducted a systematic study on the film design,thin film preparation process,and control accuracy of film layer thickness.In this work,the short-wave pass film system is superimposed with the long-wave pass film system,and the number of cycles and matching coefficient of the film system are tuned to meet the requirements of cut-off band.Additionally,Smith method was used to match bandpass film system to optimize the transmission band and complete the visible/near infrared multiband laser filter film design.In the preparation process,combined with the sensitiv-ity of the film layer,inverse analysis is used to invert the film layer monitored by each optical monitoring chip.The optical control scheme with weak optical signal in the monitoring process is simulated and correc-ted,and the monitoring wavelength with stronger optical signal is matched,resulting in an improvement of the control accuracy for the film thickness and the transmittance in the specified wavelength range.Ulti-mately,the actual physical thickness is 9.66μm,and the error with the theoretical design thickness is less than 0.4%,and the transmittance of the specified 3 wavebands exceeds 99%.The average transmittance of the cut-off bands at the 455−500 nm and 910−1000 nm is 0.45% and 0.16%,respectively.
文摘Fluorescent reporter proteins that allow repeated switching between a fluorescent and a non-fluorescent state in response to specific wavelengths of light are novel tools for monitoring of protein trafficking and super-resolu- tion fluorescence microscopy in living organisms. Here, we describe variants of the reversibly photoswitchable fluores- cent proteins rsFastLime, bsDronpa, and Padron that have been codon-optimized for the use in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The synthetic proteins, designated rsFastLIME-s, bsDRONPA-s, and PADRON C-s, showed photophysical properties and switching behavior comparable to those reported for the original proteins. By combining the ＇positively switchable＇ PADRON C-s with the ＇negatively switchable＇ rsFastLIME-s or bsDRONPA-s, two different fluorescent reporter proteins could be imaged at the same wavelength upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Thus, co-localiza- tion analysis can be performed using only a single detection channel. Furthermore, the proteins were used to tag the RNA-binding protein AtGRP7 （Arabidopsis thaliana glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 7） in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Because the new reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins show an increase in signal strength during each pho- toactivation cycle, we were able to generate a large number of scans of the same region and reconstruct 3-D images of AtGRP7 expression in the root tip. Upon photoactivation of the AtGRP7：rsFastLIME-s fusion protein in a defined region of a transgenic Arabidopsis root, spreading of the fluorescence signal into adjacent regions was observed, indicating that movement from cell to cell can be monitored. Our results demonstrate that rsFastLIME-s, bsDRONPA-s, and PADRON C-s are versatile fluorescent markers in plants, Furthermore, the proteins also show strong fluorescence in mammalian cells including COS-7 and HeLa cells.
文摘Preparation of MgB_(2)O_(5) whiskers from reverse flotation magnesite tailings/Dong Zeming,Dong Zeguang,Wang Shuxing,Liu Zhaoyang/Naihuo Cailiao.-2025,59(3):185 Abstract:Using reverse flotation magnesite tailings as a magnesium source,MgB_(2)O_(5) whiskers were synthesized via a molten salt method in order to improve the recycling utilization of magnesite tailings and find an environmental friendly magnesium source for MgB_(2)O_(5) whiskers.The effects of the tailings activating treatment,reaction temperature(700,800 and 90℃)。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFB3803703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52071141,52271212,52201250,51771056,22305104)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20210893)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No.G2023014022L)。
文摘Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Herein,a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi_(3)-S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH_(2).Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi_(3)-S into MgH_(2) significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption.The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite was 202 ℃,which was 123 ℃ lower than that of pure MgH_(2).At 325 ℃,the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite released 6.57 wt% H_(2)(fully dehydrogenated) within 1000 s.Remarkably,MgH_(2)+ 10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H_(2) within 30 min at 100 ℃.Moreover,6.3 wt% H_(2) was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 ℃,demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite.The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi_(3)-S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH_(2)(E_(a)= 98.6 k J/mol and 43.3 k J/mol,respectively).Through phase and microstructural analysis,it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg_(2)Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH_(2)/Mg_(2)NiH_(4)+Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems.Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH_(4) served as “hydrogen pump” and Fe/Mg S served as “hydrogen diffusion channel”,thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules.In conclusion,this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH_(2),which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0206100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22237007 and T2192972)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.2022282)Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of CAS(No.SIMM0120231002).
文摘New-skeleton terpenoids have prompted considerable interest owing to their chemical and biological significance.A chemical study on the bark of Croton laui led to the isolation and identification of a new norsesterterpenoid,crolatinoid A(1),and two new neoclerodane diterpenoids,crolatinoids B and C(2 and 3).Structurally,compound 1 exhibits an unprecedented 12,17-cyclo20-nor phenyllabdane skeleton.Compound 2 features a novel 19(5→4)-abeo-3,5-cycloneoclerodane skeleton,which is hypothetically derived from precursor 3 through an oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement process.Furthermore,compound 1 demonstrated a significant capacity to reverse multidrug resistance in paclitaxel-resistant HCT-15 cells with a reversal fold value of 16.All three compounds displayed adipogenesis inhibition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171204,62171129,62001192).
文摘We propose an optimization method based on evolutionary computation for the design of broadband high-efficiency current-biased reverse load-modulation power amplifiers(CB-RLM PAs).First,given the reverse load-modulation characteristics of CB-RLM PAs,a comprehensive objective function is proposed that combines multi-state impedance trajectory constraints with in-band performance deviations.For the saturation and 6 dB power back-off(PBO)states,approximately optimal impedance regions on the Smith chart are derived using impedance constraint circles based on load-pull simulations.These regions are used together with in-band performance deviations(e.g.,saturated efficiency,6 dB PBO efficiency,and saturated output power)for matching network optimization and design.Second,a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with adaptive weights,neighborhood,and global replacement is integrated with harmonic balance simulations to optimize design parameters and evaluate performance.Finally,to validate the proposed method,a broadband CB-RLM PA operating from 0.6 to 1.8 GHz is designed and fabricated.Measurement results show that the efficiencies at saturation,6 dB PBO,and 8 dB PBO all exceed 43.6%,with saturated output power being maintained at 40.9–41.5 dBm,which confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed broadband high-efficiency CB-RLM PA optimization and design approach.
基金supported by the grants from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1104800)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20210324124214038)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072418,82300016)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515140072)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neural Cell Reprogramming and Drug Research,Social Development Science and Technology Key Project of Dongguan(No.20231800940512)the National Medical Research Council(NMRC,No.23-0740-A0001)the Ministry of Education(MOE,No.T2EP10222-0002)of Singapore.
文摘Lysine-targeting reversible covalent inhibitors,particularly salicylaldehyde-based compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug Voxelotor,exhibit significant therapeutic potential but are limited by challenges including instability and off-target effects.To overcome these limitations in kinase inhibitor A5,we devised a pH-responsive prodrug strategy by masking its reactive aldehyde group with an acid-labile hydrazone linkage and enhancing intracellular delivery through conjugation with FK506.The optimized prodrug demonstrated robust antitumor efficacy in K562 tumor-bearing mice.Furthermore,the incorporation of the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)led to the formation of self-assembled nanoparticles(AKNP),which not only improved physiological stability and prolonged tumor retention but also enabled light-triggered release of A5 in conjunction with photodynamic therapy(PDT).Our study thus presents a promising prodrug self-assembly strategy that combines the on-demand release of a novel lysine-targeting,reversible covalent kinase inhibitor with PDT in clinical cancer therapy.
基金supported by the Wellcome Trust(grant No.103852).
文摘The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.
基金supported by ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No. HC-CN-20221107001。
文摘The detection of steel surface anomalies has become an industrial challenge due to variations in production equipment,processes,and characteristics.To alleviate the problem,this paper proposes a detection and localization method combining 3D depth and 2D RGB features.The framework comprises three stages:defect classification,defect location,an d warpage judgment.The first stage uses a dataefficient image Transformer model,the second stage utilizes reverse knowledge distillation,and the third stage performs feature fusion using3D depth and 2D RGB features.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves relatively high accuracy and feasibility,and can be effectively used in industrial scenarios.
基金supported by the following foundations:“Stichting Oogfonds Nederland(No.2023-26)”the“Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden(No.2023-24)”that contributed through UitZicht,ZonMw grant(No.435005020)a grant of the Chinese Scholarship Council(No.201809110169)(to TGMFG,CPMR,and WY).
文摘Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strategy to prevent neurodegeneration would then be to save all neurons that are still alive,i.e.protecting the ones that are still healthy as well as trying to rescue the ones that are damaged and in the process of dying.Regarding the latter,recent experiments have indicated that the possibility of reversing the cell death process and rescuing dying cells is more significant than previously anticipated.In many situations,the elimination of the cell death trigger alone enables dying cells to spontaneously repair their damage,recover,and survive.In this review,we explore the factors,which determine the fate of neurons engaged in the cell death process.A deeper insight into cell death mechanisms and the intrinsic capacity of cells to recover could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
