Under the Kyoto Protocol,Japanwas supposed to reduce six percent of the green house gas (GHG) emission in 2012. However, until the year 2010, the statistics suggested that the GHG emission increased 4.2%. What is more...Under the Kyoto Protocol,Japanwas supposed to reduce six percent of the green house gas (GHG) emission in 2012. However, until the year 2010, the statistics suggested that the GHG emission increased 4.2%. What is more challenge is, afterFukushimacrisis, without the nuclear energy,Japanmay produce about 15 percent more GHG emissions than1990 inthis fiscal year. It still has to struggle to meet the target set by Kyoto Protocol. The demonstration area of “smart community” suggests Japanese exploration for new low carbon strategies. The study proposed a demand side response energy system, a dynamic tree-like hierarchical model for smart community. The model not only conveyed the concept of smart grid, but also built up a smart heat energy supply chain by offline heat transport system. Further, this model promoted a collaborative energy utilization mode between the industrial sector and the civil sector. In addition, the research chose the smart community inKitakyushuas case study and executed the model. The simulation and the analysis of the model not only evaluate the environmental effect of different technologies but also suggest that the smart community inJapanhas the potential but not easy to achieve the target, cut down 50% of the CO2 emission.展开更多
Several hundred million tons of ion-adsorption rare earth tailings exist in Ganzhou, Southern China, which is a severe environmental hazard. To reduce and reutilize the tailing, kaolinite has been separated from the t...Several hundred million tons of ion-adsorption rare earth tailings exist in Ganzhou, Southern China, which is a severe environmental hazard. To reduce and reutilize the tailing, kaolinite has been separated from the tailings by mechanical separation in laboratory scale and pilot scale. The results show that the tailing is mainly composed of fine kaolinite and coarse quart. Quartz and kaolinite can be separated by sieves, shaker, spiral chute or hydrocyclone, which has the similar results in laboratory scale and pilot scale. 30.2% of the tailings can be re-sourced and applied in ceramic industries. 41.7% of kaolinite can be obtained after sorting and iron removal by magnetic separator in pilot scale, which can be applied in ceramic industries according to the Chinese national standard (TC-3). The results give a progressive solution to re-source the tailings economically.展开更多
The paper reviews the present situation of refractories for Baosteel, including refractories for iron-making system, converters, ladles and tundishes. Descriptions have been also conducted on the environment protectio...The paper reviews the present situation of refractories for Baosteel, including refractories for iron-making system, converters, ladles and tundishes. Descriptions have been also conducted on the environment protection and reutilization of refractories in Baosteel, together with some suggestions for refractories suppliers to meet the advancement in iron and steel making technology of Baosteel.展开更多
The self-healing strategy is a key component in designing the bio-inspired embryonics circuit with the structure of cell arrays. However, the existing self-healing strategies of embryonics circuits mainly focus on per...The self-healing strategy is a key component in designing the bio-inspired embryonics circuit with the structure of cell arrays. However, the existing self-healing strategies of embryonics circuits mainly focus on permanent faults inside the modules of cells such as the function module and the configuration register, while little attention is paid to transient faults. From the point of view of obtaining high efficiency of hardware utilization, it would be a huge waste of hardware resources by permanent elimination when a cell only suffers a transient fault which can be repaired by a configuration mechanism. A new self-healing strategy, the Fault-Cell Reutilization Self-healing Strategy(FCRSS) which presents a method for reusing transient fault cells, is proposed in this paper. The circuit structures of all the modules in the cells are described in detail. In the new strategy, two processes of elimination and reconfiguration are combined. Within the process of fault-cell elimination, cells with transient faults in the embryonics circuit array could be reused simultaneously to replace the functions of the cells on their left side in the same row. Therefore, transient fault-cells in a transparent state can be reconfigured to realize the fault-cell reutilization. Finally,a circuit simulation, resource consumption, a reliability analysis and a detailed normalization analysis are presented. The FCRSS can improve the hardware utilization rate and system reliability at the expense of a small amount of hardware resources and reconfiguration time. Following the conclusion, the method of determining the optimal self-healing strategy is presented according to the environmental conditions.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the contents of nutriUonal ingredients and reutilization way of sweet potato starch residue. [Method] The starch residue of Shangshu 19 from four different processing sites ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the contents of nutriUonal ingredients and reutilization way of sweet potato starch residue. [Method] The starch residue of Shangshu 19 from four different processing sites was used as the test material, and the contents of main nutritional ingredients and moisture in the sweet potato starch residue were determined. [Result] In the sweet potato starch residue （calculated by fresh weight）, the average contents of moisture, starch, fat, protein, Zn, Fe, Se and Ca were 83.75%, 101.15 g/kg, 0255%, 0.497 3%, 11.18 mg/g, 1 219.00 mg/kg, 0.032 3 mg/kg and 6 460.00 mg/kg, respectively, but Vc, VA and chlorogenic acid were not detected. According to the characteristics of high starch content and abundant nutritional ingredients, the sweet potato starch residue can be used for producing edible alcohol and dietary fiber health food. [Coaclusio,] This study will provide certain reference for fully development and utilization of sweet potato starch residue.展开更多
The migrating TdT<sup>+</sup> thymocytes can die in other tissues, promoting the surrounding cells’ renewing likes holocrine secretion does. To clarify the role of TdT-enzyme for this function of progenit...The migrating TdT<sup>+</sup> thymocytes can die in other tissues, promoting the surrounding cells’ renewing likes holocrine secretion does. To clarify the role of TdT-enzyme for this function of progenitor lymphocytes, their extracellular media with its components included by living cells analyzed <em>in vitro</em> before and after<em> in vivo</em> irradiation of donor rats. The nucleoid with DNase-sensitive (free) DNA and TdT activity discovered in extracellular media conditioned preliminary by spontaneous apoptotic death of a minor part of the thymocyte’s suspension <em>in vitro</em>. The penetration of labeled products of non-template synthesis with free DNA’ primers from media into cells by pinocytosis confirmed by exogenous polymeric DNA marked artificially. The DNA penetration into cells follows an increase of the cell’s viability and acceleration of spontaneous intracellular DNA-synthesis controlled with labeled thymidine uptake. Both phenomena are typical for either the lowest initial concentration of intact cells or their preliminary irradiation <em>in vivo</em>. The data point to possible involvement of apoptotic decay of TdT<sup>+</sup> cells in the reutilization of the extracellular DNA fragments for reparation/regeneration of surrounding living cells.展开更多
Main components and properties of river sediment are introduced. Secondary pollution of river sediments to the water quality of the river is clarified. The methods of the reutilization of river sediment are elucidated.
This paper discusses the behavior of the thermal properties of polymer composites made of a natural polyurethane matrix and loads of different waste of HDPE （High density polyethylene） industry. This polymer is part...This paper discusses the behavior of the thermal properties of polymer composites made of a natural polyurethane matrix and loads of different waste of HDPE （High density polyethylene） industry. This polymer is partially crystalline, having amorphous phases and crystalline phases, HDPE type is harder and tougher than other polyethylenes, having a wide range of applications that depend almost exclusively on the processes for obtaining final products. After the process, waste from the manufacture of these products are discarded daily as they are not found effective ways to use this material. In this study we seek to use this ＂factory floor＂ to act as filler in a polyurethane matrix derived from the castor oil, which is a natural biodegradable. The residue loads were separated according to the process that originated in this way have been the A residue from the process of cork and the B residue derived from the extrusion process. Specimens in mass proportions of 10%, 20% and 30% polyethylene both loads were prepared and their thermal properties were mediated, these being the thermal conductivity （k）, specific heat （c） and thermal diffusivity （~）. By adding such fillers to castor polyurethane matrix, different behaviors were observed, because of the residue contributed to a reduction in conductivity and specific heat of the composite material. Since the residue B on average 47% higher than residue, caused an increase in these same properties as before the spaces filled with air only into the polyurethane are now filled with polyethylene grains. We can see then that the particle size of the HDPE waste has a direct influence on the improvement of the thermal properties of the analyzed composite material.展开更多
Centralized and group well deployment and factory-like fracturing techniques are adopted for low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs in the Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,so as to realize its efficient and economic d...Centralized and group well deployment and factory-like fracturing techniques are adopted for low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs in the Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,so as to realize its efficient and economic development.However,environmental protection is faced with grim situations because fluid delivery rises abruptly on site in a short time due to centralized fracturing of the well group.Based on the characteristics of gas testing after fracturing in this gas field,a fracturing flowback fluid recovery and treatment method suitable for the Sulige Gasfield has been developed with the landform features of this area taken into account.Firstly,a high-efficiency well-to-well fracturing flowback fluid recovery and reutilization technique was developed with multi-effect surfactant polymer recoverable fracturing fluid system as the core,and in virtue of this technique,the treatment efficiency of conventional guar gum fracturing fluid system is increased.Secondly,for recovering and treating the end fluids on the well sites,a fine fracturing flowback fluid recovery and treatment technique has been worked out with“coagulation and precipitation,filtration and disinfection,and sludge dewatering”as the main part.Owing to the application of this method,the on-site water resource utilization ratio has been increased and environmental protection pressure concerned with fracturing operation has been relieved.In 2014,field tests were performed in 62 wells of 10 well groups,with 32980 m3 cumulative treated flowback fluid,17160 m3 reutilization volume and reutilization ratio over 70%.Obviously,remarkable social and economical benefits are thus realized.展开更多
This study examined the effects of varying reutilization periods of substrate on its physical and chemical properties and the growth and development of strawberries in a greenhouse.The research focused on a specialize...This study examined the effects of varying reutilization periods of substrate on its physical and chemical properties and the growth and development of strawberries in a greenhouse.The research focused on a specialized substrate formula that had been reused for either two or four years,utilizing the‘Hongyan’and‘Xiangye’strawberry varieties as test subjects.A range of parameters was assessed,including the substrate’s physical and chemical properties,photosynthetic performance,fruit quality,and strawberry yield.The results indicated that for the‘Hongyan’strawberry,the bulk density of the substrate that had been reused for four years was higher than that of the substrate reused for two years.However,there were no significant differences observed in total porosity,aeration porosity,water holding porosity,or air-to-water ratio between the two substrate durations.Additionally,parameters such as soluble solids content,Vitamin C content,total acid content,and fruit yield did not show significant differences for‘Hongyan’strawberries.Conversely,for‘Xiangye’strawberries,there were no significant differences in the physical properties of the substrates reused for two years versus those reused for four years.Notably,the yield of‘Xiangye’strawberries grown in the substrate reused for four years experienced a significant reduction of 26.86%compared to that of the substrate reused for two years(p<0.05).These findings suggest that the impact of different reutilization periods varies among strawberry varieties.The specialized substrate can be effectively reused for certain varieties that exhibit strong adaptability and resistance within a specified timeframe,helping to lower costs and facilitate substrate reutilization.This approach holds considerable practical application and potential for advancement in the realm of strawberry substrate cultivation and production.展开更多
Dechroming techniques with a low degree of collagen hydrolysis and a high degree of dechroming are more suitable for the resource utilization of chrome shavings.However,achieving efficient simultaneous separation of c...Dechroming techniques with a low degree of collagen hydrolysis and a high degree of dechroming are more suitable for the resource utilization of chrome shavings.However,achieving efficient simultaneous separation of chromium and collagen fibers is challenging because swollen collagen fibers absorb a large amount of chromium-containing water and are prone to hydrolysis after dechroming.This study investigated the correlation between the swelling inhibition of collagen fibers and the extent of dechroming and optimized the process parameters.The results demonstrated that the incorporation of neutral salt significantly increased the rate of dechroming and reduced the degree of collagen hydrolysis.The optimized alkali-acid-washing process was as follows:soaking in a Na2SO4 solution(4%,w/w),dechroming with a NaOH solution at pH 13.5,rapidly adjusting the pH of reactants to 1.0 with an H2SO4 solution,pressure filtration,washing the filtered residue with 5%Na_(2)SO_(4)solution(w/w)at pH 1.0,followed by pressure filtration.After two cycles of the alkali-acid-washing process,the filtered residue was washed with an oxalic acid-Na_(2)SO_(4)solution(5%,w/w)and pressure-filtered again.The chromium content of recovered collagen was reduced to 34.0 mg/kg.The degree of collagen hydrolysis was confined to 9%with the fiber morphology completely retained.The wastewater chromium content was reduced to 0.4 mg/L after the simple precipitation,meeting the direct discharge requirement.The recycled chrome was utilized as chrome-tanning agent.These results suggested that the established method could be a promising resource reutilization route for the sustainable development of the leather industry.展开更多
Reutilizing flowback fluid and produced water to prepare fracturing fluid is still an urgent problem that needs to be solved and is not well solved.In this work,an anti-salt associative thickener(AAT)was synthesized b...Reutilizing flowback fluid and produced water to prepare fracturing fluid is still an urgent problem that needs to be solved and is not well solved.In this work,an anti-salt associative thickener(AAT)was synthesized by free radical copolymerization,and the molecular structure of AAT was demonstrated by FTIR and 1H-NMR.Furthermore,compared with a common anti-salt thickener(HAT),the comprehensive performances of AAT were systematically investigated under the conditions of fresh water,flowback fluid and produced water in Sulige Gasfield.The results show that under the conditions of an average salinity of 34,428 mg/L and an average high-valent ion content of 4967 mg/L,AAT can present good thickening capacity,temperature and shear resistance,drag reduction efficiency,sand-carrying ability,gel-breaking property and high-effective crosslinking capacity with organic zirconium crosslinker at high salinity,which implicates the great potential and feasibility to prepare fracturing fluid by reutilizing high-salinity f lowbackfluid and produced water without further treatment.Moreover,the possible mechanisms of the associative thickener to achieve high-effective drag reduction and sand-carrying might be the existence of reversible supramolecular structures and the significant increase of viscoelasticity by shear stretching in turbulent state.At the same time,both physical and chemical interaction can make a significant contribution to high-effective crosslinking capacity of associative thickener.All results and findings can provide an important reference for the design of novel fracturing fluid and the reutilization of high salinity water in stimulation applications.展开更多
This study aims to analyze the coking process and propose an effective method for the reutilization of fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)coke block.Herein,we analyzed the basic characteristics and chemical composition of F...This study aims to analyze the coking process and propose an effective method for the reutilization of fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)coke block.Herein,we analyzed the basic characteristics and chemical composition of FCC coke blocks.The results showed that the main components were carbon,oxygen,and aluminum,accounting for 60.8%,26.6%,and 11.5%,respectively.Under the conventional catalytic cracking reaction temperature from 500℃ to 600℃,the formation of the first aromatic hydrocarbon was particularly important for the formation of coke.The condensation of oil-gas-entrained catalyst particles and their heavy components was the physical cause of coking,while the dehydrogenation condensation reaction of oil-gas heavy components was the chemical factor.In addition,the membrane prepared by powdered coke had excellent photothermal conversion ability,which could be heated to more than 110℃ within 360 s under two fixed light intensities.The evaporation rate of photothermal water was 5.89 kg m^(2) h^(−1),which has great industrial application potential.These works provide a novel and effective method of separation membrane for the reutilization of FCC coke blocks.展开更多
The rapid expansion of the fast fashion industry brings about environmental concerns such as dyestuffs-related water pollutions and waste textiles.Conventional wastewater-disposal strategies emphasize the optimization...The rapid expansion of the fast fashion industry brings about environmental concerns such as dyestuffs-related water pollutions and waste textiles.Conventional wastewater-disposal strategies emphasize the optimization of photocatalytic activity to improve pollutant degradation efficiency,while the absorptivity,recyclability and sustainability of photocatalysts are always ignored.The overproduced textiles are still in urgent of being recycled and reutilized in eco-friendly approaches.In this work,a scalable dyeing technology is employed to achieve green and sustainable reutilization of waste textiles.The functionalized TiO2/reduced graphene oxide wool fabrics show excellent sustainability,remarkable adsorbing capacity and enhanced photocatalytic performance.By taking advantage of these properties,we develop an integrated strategy of nighttime adsorption and day-time photodegradation which could significantly optimize the dyestuffs degradation efficiency.The concept of waste textiles reutilization and wastewater treatment in this work provides practical potential for efficient and sustainable environmental remediation.展开更多
In this study,a hemicellulose recovery process was integrated with a cold caustic extraction(CCE)process in upgrading paper-grade bleached kraft pulp to dissolving grade.Under the conditions of 15%NaOH,10%pulp consist...In this study,a hemicellulose recovery process was integrated with a cold caustic extraction(CCE)process in upgrading paper-grade bleached kraft pulp to dissolving grade.Under the conditions of 15%NaOH,10%pulp consistency,30℃and 1 h,a paper-grade softwood bleached kraft pulp was purified to a dissolving-grade pulp with 97.57%α-cellulose and 1.67%pentosan contents.The spent liquor from the cold caustic extraction process was sequentially extracted with ethanol to precipitate and recover the dissolved hemicelluloses,followed by evaporation to recover the ethanol.After the recovery of hemicelluloses and ethanol,the spent liquor can be reused as the caustic solution for the CCE process without compromising the resulting pulp properties.The results demonstrated that it is feasible to integrate hemicellulose production with the cold caustic extraction process of dissolving pulp production,based on the concept of biorefinery.展开更多
文摘Under the Kyoto Protocol,Japanwas supposed to reduce six percent of the green house gas (GHG) emission in 2012. However, until the year 2010, the statistics suggested that the GHG emission increased 4.2%. What is more challenge is, afterFukushimacrisis, without the nuclear energy,Japanmay produce about 15 percent more GHG emissions than1990 inthis fiscal year. It still has to struggle to meet the target set by Kyoto Protocol. The demonstration area of “smart community” suggests Japanese exploration for new low carbon strategies. The study proposed a demand side response energy system, a dynamic tree-like hierarchical model for smart community. The model not only conveyed the concept of smart grid, but also built up a smart heat energy supply chain by offline heat transport system. Further, this model promoted a collaborative energy utilization mode between the industrial sector and the civil sector. In addition, the research chose the smart community inKitakyushuas case study and executed the model. The simulation and the analysis of the model not only evaluate the environmental effect of different technologies but also suggest that the smart community inJapanhas the potential but not easy to achieve the target, cut down 50% of the CO2 emission.
文摘Several hundred million tons of ion-adsorption rare earth tailings exist in Ganzhou, Southern China, which is a severe environmental hazard. To reduce and reutilize the tailing, kaolinite has been separated from the tailings by mechanical separation in laboratory scale and pilot scale. The results show that the tailing is mainly composed of fine kaolinite and coarse quart. Quartz and kaolinite can be separated by sieves, shaker, spiral chute or hydrocyclone, which has the similar results in laboratory scale and pilot scale. 30.2% of the tailings can be re-sourced and applied in ceramic industries. 41.7% of kaolinite can be obtained after sorting and iron removal by magnetic separator in pilot scale, which can be applied in ceramic industries according to the Chinese national standard (TC-3). The results give a progressive solution to re-source the tailings economically.
文摘The paper reviews the present situation of refractories for Baosteel, including refractories for iron-making system, converters, ladles and tundishes. Descriptions have been also conducted on the environment protection and reutilization of refractories in Baosteel, together with some suggestions for refractories suppliers to meet the advancement in iron and steel making technology of Baosteel.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61202001,61402226)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of NUAA of China(Nos.NS2018026,NS2012024)
文摘The self-healing strategy is a key component in designing the bio-inspired embryonics circuit with the structure of cell arrays. However, the existing self-healing strategies of embryonics circuits mainly focus on permanent faults inside the modules of cells such as the function module and the configuration register, while little attention is paid to transient faults. From the point of view of obtaining high efficiency of hardware utilization, it would be a huge waste of hardware resources by permanent elimination when a cell only suffers a transient fault which can be repaired by a configuration mechanism. A new self-healing strategy, the Fault-Cell Reutilization Self-healing Strategy(FCRSS) which presents a method for reusing transient fault cells, is proposed in this paper. The circuit structures of all the modules in the cells are described in detail. In the new strategy, two processes of elimination and reconfiguration are combined. Within the process of fault-cell elimination, cells with transient faults in the embryonics circuit array could be reused simultaneously to replace the functions of the cells on their left side in the same row. Therefore, transient fault-cells in a transparent state can be reconfigured to realize the fault-cell reutilization. Finally,a circuit simulation, resource consumption, a reliability analysis and a detailed normalization analysis are presented. The FCRSS can improve the hardware utilization rate and system reliability at the expense of a small amount of hardware resources and reconfiguration time. Following the conclusion, the method of determining the optimal self-healing strategy is presented according to the environmental conditions.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the contents of nutriUonal ingredients and reutilization way of sweet potato starch residue. [Method] The starch residue of Shangshu 19 from four different processing sites was used as the test material, and the contents of main nutritional ingredients and moisture in the sweet potato starch residue were determined. [Result] In the sweet potato starch residue （calculated by fresh weight）, the average contents of moisture, starch, fat, protein, Zn, Fe, Se and Ca were 83.75%, 101.15 g/kg, 0255%, 0.497 3%, 11.18 mg/g, 1 219.00 mg/kg, 0.032 3 mg/kg and 6 460.00 mg/kg, respectively, but Vc, VA and chlorogenic acid were not detected. According to the characteristics of high starch content and abundant nutritional ingredients, the sweet potato starch residue can be used for producing edible alcohol and dietary fiber health food. [Coaclusio,] This study will provide certain reference for fully development and utilization of sweet potato starch residue.
文摘The migrating TdT<sup>+</sup> thymocytes can die in other tissues, promoting the surrounding cells’ renewing likes holocrine secretion does. To clarify the role of TdT-enzyme for this function of progenitor lymphocytes, their extracellular media with its components included by living cells analyzed <em>in vitro</em> before and after<em> in vivo</em> irradiation of donor rats. The nucleoid with DNase-sensitive (free) DNA and TdT activity discovered in extracellular media conditioned preliminary by spontaneous apoptotic death of a minor part of the thymocyte’s suspension <em>in vitro</em>. The penetration of labeled products of non-template synthesis with free DNA’ primers from media into cells by pinocytosis confirmed by exogenous polymeric DNA marked artificially. The DNA penetration into cells follows an increase of the cell’s viability and acceleration of spontaneous intracellular DNA-synthesis controlled with labeled thymidine uptake. Both phenomena are typical for either the lowest initial concentration of intact cells or their preliminary irradiation <em>in vivo</em>. The data point to possible involvement of apoptotic decay of TdT<sup>+</sup> cells in the reutilization of the extracellular DNA fragments for reparation/regeneration of surrounding living cells.
文摘Main components and properties of river sediment are introduced. Secondary pollution of river sediments to the water quality of the river is clarified. The methods of the reutilization of river sediment are elucidated.
文摘This paper discusses the behavior of the thermal properties of polymer composites made of a natural polyurethane matrix and loads of different waste of HDPE （High density polyethylene） industry. This polymer is partially crystalline, having amorphous phases and crystalline phases, HDPE type is harder and tougher than other polyethylenes, having a wide range of applications that depend almost exclusively on the processes for obtaining final products. After the process, waste from the manufacture of these products are discarded daily as they are not found effective ways to use this material. In this study we seek to use this ＂factory floor＂ to act as filler in a polyurethane matrix derived from the castor oil, which is a natural biodegradable. The residue loads were separated according to the process that originated in this way have been the A residue from the process of cork and the B residue derived from the extrusion process. Specimens in mass proportions of 10%, 20% and 30% polyethylene both loads were prepared and their thermal properties were mediated, these being the thermal conductivity （k）, specific heat （c） and thermal diffusivity （~）. By adding such fillers to castor polyurethane matrix, different behaviors were observed, because of the residue contributed to a reduction in conductivity and specific heat of the composite material. Since the residue B on average 47% higher than residue, caused an increase in these same properties as before the spaces filled with air only into the polyurethane are now filled with polyethylene grains. We can see then that the particle size of the HDPE waste has a direct influence on the improvement of the thermal properties of the analyzed composite material.
文摘Centralized and group well deployment and factory-like fracturing techniques are adopted for low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs in the Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,so as to realize its efficient and economic development.However,environmental protection is faced with grim situations because fluid delivery rises abruptly on site in a short time due to centralized fracturing of the well group.Based on the characteristics of gas testing after fracturing in this gas field,a fracturing flowback fluid recovery and treatment method suitable for the Sulige Gasfield has been developed with the landform features of this area taken into account.Firstly,a high-efficiency well-to-well fracturing flowback fluid recovery and reutilization technique was developed with multi-effect surfactant polymer recoverable fracturing fluid system as the core,and in virtue of this technique,the treatment efficiency of conventional guar gum fracturing fluid system is increased.Secondly,for recovering and treating the end fluids on the well sites,a fine fracturing flowback fluid recovery and treatment technique has been worked out with“coagulation and precipitation,filtration and disinfection,and sludge dewatering”as the main part.Owing to the application of this method,the on-site water resource utilization ratio has been increased and environmental protection pressure concerned with fracturing operation has been relieved.In 2014,field tests were performed in 62 wells of 10 well groups,with 32980 m3 cumulative treated flowback fluid,17160 m3 reutilization volume and reutilization ratio over 70%.Obviously,remarkable social and economical benefits are thus realized.
基金supported by National Key R&D Plan of China(Grant No.2024YFD2000702)Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering Talent Project(Grant No.QNYC202107)+2 种基金Protected Horticulture Intelligent Equipment Innovation Team(Grant No.CXTD-2021-05)Beijing Intelligent Greenhouse Vegetable Innovation Consortium Project(BAIC12-2024)Independent Research and Development Plan of Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(SH202402).
文摘This study examined the effects of varying reutilization periods of substrate on its physical and chemical properties and the growth and development of strawberries in a greenhouse.The research focused on a specialized substrate formula that had been reused for either two or four years,utilizing the‘Hongyan’and‘Xiangye’strawberry varieties as test subjects.A range of parameters was assessed,including the substrate’s physical and chemical properties,photosynthetic performance,fruit quality,and strawberry yield.The results indicated that for the‘Hongyan’strawberry,the bulk density of the substrate that had been reused for four years was higher than that of the substrate reused for two years.However,there were no significant differences observed in total porosity,aeration porosity,water holding porosity,or air-to-water ratio between the two substrate durations.Additionally,parameters such as soluble solids content,Vitamin C content,total acid content,and fruit yield did not show significant differences for‘Hongyan’strawberries.Conversely,for‘Xiangye’strawberries,there were no significant differences in the physical properties of the substrates reused for two years versus those reused for four years.Notably,the yield of‘Xiangye’strawberries grown in the substrate reused for four years experienced a significant reduction of 26.86%compared to that of the substrate reused for two years(p<0.05).These findings suggest that the impact of different reutilization periods varies among strawberry varieties.The specialized substrate can be effectively reused for certain varieties that exhibit strong adaptability and resistance within a specified timeframe,helping to lower costs and facilitate substrate reutilization.This approach holds considerable practical application and potential for advancement in the realm of strawberry substrate cultivation and production.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023SCU12104)the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering(Sichuan University)+1 种基金Ministry of Education(20826041D4237)the Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory(22kfhk04).
文摘Dechroming techniques with a low degree of collagen hydrolysis and a high degree of dechroming are more suitable for the resource utilization of chrome shavings.However,achieving efficient simultaneous separation of chromium and collagen fibers is challenging because swollen collagen fibers absorb a large amount of chromium-containing water and are prone to hydrolysis after dechroming.This study investigated the correlation between the swelling inhibition of collagen fibers and the extent of dechroming and optimized the process parameters.The results demonstrated that the incorporation of neutral salt significantly increased the rate of dechroming and reduced the degree of collagen hydrolysis.The optimized alkali-acid-washing process was as follows:soaking in a Na2SO4 solution(4%,w/w),dechroming with a NaOH solution at pH 13.5,rapidly adjusting the pH of reactants to 1.0 with an H2SO4 solution,pressure filtration,washing the filtered residue with 5%Na_(2)SO_(4)solution(w/w)at pH 1.0,followed by pressure filtration.After two cycles of the alkali-acid-washing process,the filtered residue was washed with an oxalic acid-Na_(2)SO_(4)solution(5%,w/w)and pressure-filtered again.The chromium content of recovered collagen was reduced to 34.0 mg/kg.The degree of collagen hydrolysis was confined to 9%with the fiber morphology completely retained.The wastewater chromium content was reduced to 0.4 mg/L after the simple precipitation,meeting the direct discharge requirement.The recycled chrome was utilized as chrome-tanning agent.These results suggested that the established method could be a promising resource reutilization route for the sustainable development of the leather industry.
基金supported financially by the Introduction Pro gram of Tianchi Talent on Young Doctor in Xinjiang(grant No.2023TCXZGCY01)the Science and Technology Project of CNPC Western Drilling Engineering Co.,LTD(grant No.2023XZ201).
文摘Reutilizing flowback fluid and produced water to prepare fracturing fluid is still an urgent problem that needs to be solved and is not well solved.In this work,an anti-salt associative thickener(AAT)was synthesized by free radical copolymerization,and the molecular structure of AAT was demonstrated by FTIR and 1H-NMR.Furthermore,compared with a common anti-salt thickener(HAT),the comprehensive performances of AAT were systematically investigated under the conditions of fresh water,flowback fluid and produced water in Sulige Gasfield.The results show that under the conditions of an average salinity of 34,428 mg/L and an average high-valent ion content of 4967 mg/L,AAT can present good thickening capacity,temperature and shear resistance,drag reduction efficiency,sand-carrying ability,gel-breaking property and high-effective crosslinking capacity with organic zirconium crosslinker at high salinity,which implicates the great potential and feasibility to prepare fracturing fluid by reutilizing high-salinity f lowbackfluid and produced water without further treatment.Moreover,the possible mechanisms of the associative thickener to achieve high-effective drag reduction and sand-carrying might be the existence of reversible supramolecular structures and the significant increase of viscoelasticity by shear stretching in turbulent state.At the same time,both physical and chemical interaction can make a significant contribution to high-effective crosslinking capacity of associative thickener.All results and findings can provide an important reference for the design of novel fracturing fluid and the reutilization of high salinity water in stimulation applications.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.12202127)the Scientific Research Staring Foundation of Hainan University(grant No.KYQD(ZR)20042)+1 种基金Young Talents’Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hainan Association for Science and Technology(grant No.QCXM202027)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(grant Nos.520QN228 and 323MS009).
文摘This study aims to analyze the coking process and propose an effective method for the reutilization of fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)coke block.Herein,we analyzed the basic characteristics and chemical composition of FCC coke blocks.The results showed that the main components were carbon,oxygen,and aluminum,accounting for 60.8%,26.6%,and 11.5%,respectively.Under the conventional catalytic cracking reaction temperature from 500℃ to 600℃,the formation of the first aromatic hydrocarbon was particularly important for the formation of coke.The condensation of oil-gas-entrained catalyst particles and their heavy components was the physical cause of coking,while the dehydrogenation condensation reaction of oil-gas heavy components was the chemical factor.In addition,the membrane prepared by powdered coke had excellent photothermal conversion ability,which could be heated to more than 110℃ within 360 s under two fixed light intensities.The evaporation rate of photothermal water was 5.89 kg m^(2) h^(−1),which has great industrial application potential.These works provide a novel and effective method of separation membrane for the reutilization of FCC coke blocks.
基金This work was financially supported by the EU Horizon 2020 through project ETEXWELD-H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014(Grant No.644268)the University of Manchester through the UMRI project‘Graphene-Smart Textiles E-Healthcare Network’(AA14512).
文摘The rapid expansion of the fast fashion industry brings about environmental concerns such as dyestuffs-related water pollutions and waste textiles.Conventional wastewater-disposal strategies emphasize the optimization of photocatalytic activity to improve pollutant degradation efficiency,while the absorptivity,recyclability and sustainability of photocatalysts are always ignored.The overproduced textiles are still in urgent of being recycled and reutilized in eco-friendly approaches.In this work,a scalable dyeing technology is employed to achieve green and sustainable reutilization of waste textiles.The functionalized TiO2/reduced graphene oxide wool fabrics show excellent sustainability,remarkable adsorbing capacity and enhanced photocatalytic performance.By taking advantage of these properties,we develop an integrated strategy of nighttime adsorption and day-time photodegradation which could significantly optimize the dyestuffs degradation efficiency.The concept of waste textiles reutilization and wastewater treatment in this work provides practical potential for efficient and sustainable environmental remediation.
文摘In this study,a hemicellulose recovery process was integrated with a cold caustic extraction(CCE)process in upgrading paper-grade bleached kraft pulp to dissolving grade.Under the conditions of 15%NaOH,10%pulp consistency,30℃and 1 h,a paper-grade softwood bleached kraft pulp was purified to a dissolving-grade pulp with 97.57%α-cellulose and 1.67%pentosan contents.The spent liquor from the cold caustic extraction process was sequentially extracted with ethanol to precipitate and recover the dissolved hemicelluloses,followed by evaporation to recover the ethanol.After the recovery of hemicelluloses and ethanol,the spent liquor can be reused as the caustic solution for the CCE process without compromising the resulting pulp properties.The results demonstrated that it is feasible to integrate hemicellulose production with the cold caustic extraction process of dissolving pulp production,based on the concept of biorefinery.
