Flotation is the most common method to recover valuable minerals by selective adsorption of collectors on target mineral surfaces.However,in subsequent hydrometallurgy of mineral flotation concentrates,the adsorbed co...Flotation is the most common method to recover valuable minerals by selective adsorption of collectors on target mineral surfaces.However,in subsequent hydrometallurgy of mineral flotation concentrates,the adsorbed collectors must be desorbed since it can adversely affect the efficiency of metallurgical process and produce wastewater.ZL,as a fatty acid mixture,is a typical industrially used collector for scheelite flotation in China.Sodium oleate(NaOL)has similar fatty acid group as ZL.In this study,the desorption behavior of NaOL/ZL from scheelite surface by a physical method of stirring at a low temperature was investigated.NaOL desorption tests of single mineral showed that a desorption rate of 77.75% for NaOL from scheelite surface into pulp was achieved in a stirring speed of2500 r/min at 5℃in a neutral environment.Under the above desorption condition,in the pulp containing desorbed collector by adding extra 30% normal NaOL dosage,the scheelite recovery reached about 95% in the single mineral flotation test.Desorption and reuse of ZL collector for the flotation of real scheelite ore showed only a 75%normal dosage of ZL could produce a qualified rough concentrate.The atomic force microscope(AFM)tests showed that after desorption treatment of low temperature and strong stirring,the dense strip-like structure of NaOL on the scheelite surface was destroyed to be speck-like.Molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)demonstrated that the adsorption energy between NaOL and scheelite surface was more negative at 25℃(-13.39 kcal/mol)than at 5℃(-11.50 kcal/mol)in a neutral pH,indicating that a low temperature was beneficial for the desorption of collector from mineral surface.Due to its simplicity and economy,the method we proposed of desorption of collector from mineral surface and its reuse for flotation has a great potential for industrial application.展开更多
A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resou...A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters that supply drinking water treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population growth. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority (BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human health and environmental risks, this practice is a meaningful option in the water supply portfolio for many utilities.展开更多
Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF) has attracted significant attention in both the industry and academic fields since its inception, providing unprecedented advantages to fabricate complex-shaped metallic components. The ...Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF) has attracted significant attention in both the industry and academic fields since its inception, providing unprecedented advantages to fabricate complex-shaped metallic components. The printing quality and performance of L-PBF alloys are infuenced by numerous variables consisting of feedstock powders, manufacturing process,and post-treatment. As the starting materials, metallic powders play a critical role in infuencing the fabrication cost, printing consistency, and properties. Given their deterministic roles, the present review aims to retrospect the recent progress on metallic powders for L-PBF including characterization, preparation, and reuse. The powder characterization mainly serves for printing consistency while powder preparation and reuse are introduced to reduce the fabrication costs.Various powder characterization and preparation methods are presented in the beginning by analyzing the measurement principles, advantages, and limitations. Subsequently, the effect of powder reuse on the powder characteristics and mechanical performance of L-PBF parts is analyzed, focusing on steels, nickel-based superalloys, titanium and titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys. The evolution trends of powders and L-PBF parts vary depending on specific alloy systems, which makes the proposal of a unified reuse protocol infeasible. Finally,perspectives are presented to cater to the increased applications of L-PBF technologies for future investigations. The present state-of-the-art work can pave the way for the broad industrial applications of L-PBF by enhancing printing consistency and reducing the total costs from the perspective of powders.展开更多
Flotation is the most common method to obtain concentrate through the selective adsorption of collectors on target minerals to make them hydrophobic and floatable.In the hydrometallurgy of concentrate,collectors adsor...Flotation is the most common method to obtain concentrate through the selective adsorption of collectors on target minerals to make them hydrophobic and floatable.In the hydrometallurgy of concentrate,collectors adsorbed on concentrate can damage ion-exchange resin and increase the chemical oxygen demand(COD)value of wastewater.In this work,we proposed a new scheme,i.e.,desorbing the collectors from concentrate in ore dressing plant and reusing them in flotation flowsheet.Lead nitrate and benzohydroxamic acid(Pb-BHA)complex is a common collector in scheelite flotation.In this study,different physical(stirring or ultrasonic waves)and chemical(strong acid or alkali environment)methods for facilitating the desorption of Pb-BHA collector from scheelite concentrate were explored.Single-mineral desorption tests showed that under the condition of pulp pH 13 and ultrasonic treatment for 15 min,the highest desorption rates of Pb and BHA from the scheelite concentrate were 90.48%and 63.75%,respectively.Run-of-mine ore flotation tests revealed that the reuse of desorbed Pb and BHA reduced the collector dosage by 30%for BHA and 25%for Pb.The strong alkali environment broke the chemical bonds between Pb and BHA.The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves effectively reduced the interaction intensity between Pb-BHA collector and scheelite surfaces.This method combining ultrasonic waves and strong alkali environment can effectively desorb the collectors from concentrate and provide“clean”scheelite concentrate for metallurgic plants;the reuse of desorbed collector in flotation flowsheet can reduce reagent cost for ore dressing plants.展开更多
Exploring the vast extraterrestrial space is an inevitable trend with continuous human development.Water treatment and reuse are crucial in the limited and closed space that is available in spaceships or long-term use...Exploring the vast extraterrestrial space is an inevitable trend with continuous human development.Water treatment and reuse are crucial in the limited and closed space that is available in spaceships or long-term use space bases that will be established in the foreseeable future.Dedicated water treatment technologies have experienced iterative development for more than 60 years since the first manned spaceflight was successfully launched.Herein,we briefly review the related wastewater characteristics and the history of water treatment in space stations,and we focus on future challenges and perspectives,aiming at providing insights for optimizing wastewater treatment technologies and closing the water cycle in future.展开更多
In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation systems.Among various alga...In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation systems.Among various algae harvesting techniques,membrane-based filtration has shown numerous advantages.This study evaluated the reuse of permeate streams derived from Scenedesmus obliquus(S.obliquus)biomass filtration under bench-scale and pilot-scale conditions.In particular,this study identified a series of challenges and mechanisms that influence the water reuse potential and the robustness of the membrane harvesting system.In a preliminary phase of this investigation,the health status of the initial biomass was found to have important implications for the harvesting performance and quality of the permeate stream to be reused;healthy biomass ensured better dewatering performance(i.e.,higher water fluxes)and higher quality of the permeate water streams.A series of bench-scale filtration experiments with different combinations of cross-flow velocity and pressure values were performed to identify the operative conditions that would maximize water productivity.The selected conditions,2.4 m·s^(-1)and 1.4 bar(1 bar=105 Pa),respectively,were then applied to drive pilot-scale microfiltration tests to reuse the collected permeate as a new cultivation medium for S.obliquus growth in a pilot-scale photobioreactor.The investigation revealed key differences between the behavior of the membrane systems at the two scales(bench and pilot).It indicated the potential for beneficial reuse of the permeate stream as the pilot-scale experiments ensured high harvesting performance and growth rates of biomass in permeate water that were highly similar to those recorded in the ideal cultivation medium.Finally,different nutrient reintegration protocols were investigated,revealing that both macro-and micro-nutrient levels are critical for the success of the reuse approach.展开更多
With an emphasis on the religious component of reuse potentiality,this study investigates the crucial nexus between spatial development and the conservation model for religious practice with socio-communal dimensions....With an emphasis on the religious component of reuse potentiality,this study investigates the crucial nexus between spatial development and the conservation model for religious practice with socio-communal dimensions.Adaptive reuse is a critical tactic for global preservation and revitalization to elevate heritage sites in culturally significant locations but provides contemporary functions to them simultaneously.This study examines the various facets of adaptive reuse concerning the religious cultural heritage of suppressed minorities,stressing its insight and importance including the inherent cultural worth of ancient structures and difficulties through creative solutions to modify the temple with modern purposes.The research methodology approaches through an extensive analysis of the literature and case studies and ends with design interventions.It looks into the socioeconomic advantages of adaptive reuse in religious practice,such as the promotion of pilgrimage tourism,community revitalization,and sustainable development.The possible findings will emphasize the conversation on sustainable heritage management by combining theoretical frameworks with practical discoveries as an architectural project with certain concepts.展开更多
The paper analyzes the definite place of industrial building in the history of urban development. Due to the development of urban economy and the transition of the traditional industrial structure, many historic citie...The paper analyzes the definite place of industrial building in the history of urban development. Due to the development of urban economy and the transition of the traditional industrial structure, many historic cities and towns both at home and abroad have witnessed a large scale "demolition" and abandonment of industrial buildings in urban renewal during last 30 years. Consequently, it has been leading to the discontinuity of urban cultural and historic context. The paper discusses and expounds the clas...展开更多
Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web...Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web services and choreography, and their operations and properties are presented in a consistent and uniform manner. Service components are published externally as normal web services and can thus be employed by webbased applications. In order to improve reusability and testability of service components, the concept of composition pattern is also proposed, which presents the relationships among service components. The relationships and relationship compositions have a rigorous semantic, so that composite components can be validated at the configuration stage. The composition patterns support to integrate service components of various levels of granularity. Experience indicates that the application assembly can effectively be conducted by understanding, selecting, and reusing components easily.展开更多
分析目前高中英语阅读教学存在功利化、模式僵化、碎片化、浅层化、资源利用不充分等典型问题。针对这些问题,构建REUSE模式,即Reviewing(复习)—Exploring(探索)—Unlocking(揭秘)—Sharing(分享)—Evaluating(评价)。以人教版高中《...分析目前高中英语阅读教学存在功利化、模式僵化、碎片化、浅层化、资源利用不充分等典型问题。针对这些问题,构建REUSE模式,即Reviewing(复习)—Exploring(探索)—Unlocking(揭秘)—Sharing(分享)—Evaluating(评价)。以人教版高中《英语》必修3 Unit 3 The million pound bank note为例,探究在高中英语阅读教学中运用REUSE模式的教学流程及应用注意事项。展开更多
This paper presents a tool for managing, reusing and analysing C software code based on database techniques. The abstract information of entire software code is stored in a program database that is the conceptual sche...This paper presents a tool for managing, reusing and analysing C software code based on database techniques. The abstract information of entire software code is stored in a program database that is the conceptual scheme of the entire software, whereas the reuse component is a subscheme. Relational algebra can be conveniently used to manage, analyse and reuse C code. In the tool, we can manage, analyse and reuse any components in the program database and rapidly extract source code of any components or construct the program code of a new system. The rule system is introduced in reusing source code.展开更多
A water quality model for water reuse was made by mathematics induction. The relationship among the reuse rate of treated wastewater（R）, pollutant concentration of reused water（ Cs ）, pollutant concentration of in...A water quality model for water reuse was made by mathematics induction. The relationship among the reuse rate of treated wastewater（R）, pollutant concentration of reused water（ Cs ）, pollutant concentration of influent（ C0）, removal efficiency of pollutant in wastewater（ E）, and the standard of reuse water were discussed in this study. According to the experiment result of a toilet wastewater treatment and reuse with membrane bioreactors, R would be set at less than 40%, on which all the concerned parameters could meet with the reuse water standards. To raise R of reuse water in the toilet, an important way was to improve color removal of the wastewater.展开更多
The wearisome enthusiasm for making reasonable structures for programming reuse has gone before for whatever period of time that item has existed. Accepting particular intense structures are made for ensuring an abnor...The wearisome enthusiasm for making reasonable structures for programming reuse has gone before for whatever period of time that item has existed. Accepting particular intense structures are made for ensuring an abnormal state ofrensability from one suspect to the accompanying. The unavoidable slant for dares to ask for extensive alterations, paying little mind to being proposed for most noteworthy reusability, remains strong affirmation of this reality. Programming reusability makes examination of stable examination; arrange, likewise, plan outlines a range of tremendous interest. By extrapolating the unfaltering thoughts that use programming consistent quality show and the Knowledge Maps, we attempt to comprehend programming plans that do not require unrestrained modifications, changes or, then again augment. Such cases works kind of a structure, to the most recent inquiries could be incorporated rely on simply the development of the circumstance to which that is associated. Suitability of such methodology must be displayed in the paper.展开更多
A full-scale plant using anaerobic, anoxic and oxic processes （A1/A2/O）, along with a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor （MBR）, nanofiltration （NF） and reverse osmosis （RO） integrated system developed by Shanghai...A full-scale plant using anaerobic, anoxic and oxic processes （A1/A2/O）, along with a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor （MBR）, nanofiltration （NF） and reverse osmosis （RO） integrated system developed by Shanghai Baosteel Chemical Co. Ltd., was investigated to treat coking wastewater for industrial reuse over a period of one year. The removals reached 82.5% （COD）, 89.6% （BOD）, 99.8% （ammonium nitrogen）, 99.9% （phenol）, 44.6% （total cyanide （T-CN））, 99.7% （thiocyanide （SCN-）） and 8.9% （fluoride）, during the A1/A2/O biological treatment stage, and all parameters were further reduced by over 96.0%, except for fluoride （86.4%）, in the final discharge effluent from the currently operating plant. The pilot-scale MBR process reduced the turbidity to less than 0.65 NTU, and most of the toxic organic compounds were degraded or intercepted by the A1/A2/O followed MBR processes. In addition, parameters including COD, T-CN, total nitrogen, fluoride, chloride ion, hardness and conductivity were significantly reduced by the NF-RO system to a level suitable for industrial reuse, with a total water production ratio of 70.7%. However, the concentrates from the NF and RO units were highly polluted and should be disposed of properly or further treated before being discharged.展开更多
The increasing complexity and size of configuration knowledge bases requres the provisionof advanced methods supporting the development of the actual configuration process and design reuse.A new framework to find a fe...The increasing complexity and size of configuration knowledge bases requres the provisionof advanced methods supporting the development of the actual configuration process and design reuse.A new framework to find a feasible and practical product configuration method is presented in masscustomization. The basic idea of the appoach is to integrate case-based reasoning (CBR) with a con-straint satisfaction problem(CSP). The similarity measure between a crisp and range is also given,which is common in case retrieves. Based on the configuration model, a product platform and customerneeds, case adaptation is carried out with the repair-based algorithm. Lastly, the methodology in theelevator configuration design domain is tested.展开更多
The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for vehicles is increasing. However, LIBs use valuable rare metals, such as Co and Li, aswell as environmentally toxic reagents. LIBs are also necessary to utilize for a long per...The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for vehicles is increasing. However, LIBs use valuable rare metals, such as Co and Li, aswell as environmentally toxic reagents. LIBs are also necessary to utilize for a long period and to recycle useful materials. The reduction, reuse,and recycle (3R) of spent LIBs is an important consideration in constructing a circular economy. In this paper, a flowsheet of the 3R of LIBs isproposed and methods to reduce the utilization of valuable rare metals and the amount of spent LIBs by remanufacturing used parts and designingnew batteries considering the concept of 3R are described. Next, several technological processes for the reuse and recycling of LIBs are introduced.These technologies include discharge, sorting, crushing, binder removal, physical separation, and pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgicalprocessing. Each process, as well as the related physical, chemical, and biological treatments, are discussed. Finally, the problem of developedtechnologies and future subjects for 3R of LIBs are described.展开更多
The mountainous abandoned mine land is often distributed in the fomi of fragmented patches. Therefore, it can greatly promote the reuse value of abandoned mine land and relieve the pressure of land demand to realize t...The mountainous abandoned mine land is often distributed in the fomi of fragmented patches. Therefore, it can greatly promote the reuse value of abandoned mine land and relieve the pressure of land demand to realize the rational reuse of abandoned mine land based on the future land use structure and spatial layout of mountainous area. In this paper, optimization of the spatial structure of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse is realized through the system dynamics model and CLUE-S model. Mentougou district, Beijing, China is selected as the research area. System dynamics model with feedback functions is constructed to simulate land use structure from 2011 to 2025, which is taken as the quanfiiative constraint on spatial structure optimization. CLUE-S model with neighborhood analysis function is applied to simulate future land use spatial structure. The simulation result layer is superimposed with the abandoned mine land distribution layer and the optimized spatial structure of abandoned mine land reuse then is determined, checked by reuse suitability evaluation. The result shows that abandoned mine land can be fully optimized as other land use types according to demand, and the reuse directions are water conservancy facilities land, urban land, rural residential land, tourism land, garden land, woodland and grassland. The trend of abandoned mine land reuse tend to be consistent with land use types of neighboring patches. This study can provide theoretical reference for the practices of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse.展开更多
Due to the serious imbalance between demand and supply of lithium,lithium extraction from brine has become a research hotspot.With the demand for power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)increased rapidly,a large number of sp...Due to the serious imbalance between demand and supply of lithium,lithium extraction from brine has become a research hotspot.With the demand for power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)increased rapidly,a large number of spent LiFePO_(4)power batteries have been scrapped and entered the recycling stage.Herein,a novel and efficient strategy is proposed to extract lithium from brine by directly reusing spent LiFePO_(4)powder without any treatment.Various electrochemical test results show that spent LiFePO_(4)electrode has appropriate lithium capacity(14.62 mg_(Li)/g_(LiFePO_(4))),excellent separation performance(α_(Li-Na)=210.5)and low energy consumption(0.768 Wh/g_(Li))in electrochemical lithium extraction from simulated brine.This work not only provides a novel idea for lithium extraction from brine,but also develops an effective strategy for recycling spent LIBs.The concept of from waste to wealth is of great significance to the development of recycling the spent batteries.展开更多
Two different kinds of black liquor from the papermaking industry were treated by acidification and reuse. The experimental parameters and conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that t...Two different kinds of black liquor from the papermaking industry were treated by acidification and reuse. The experimental parameters and conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that the treatment process mentioned in this article is an effective process for the treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry. By the treatment, the solid materials in black liquor are transferred into two by products and the other components are reused or evaporated. Thus, no wastewater except some condensation water would be discharged in pulping process and the problem of pollution of black liquor would be effectively solved.展开更多
The aim of this article was to study the effects of land use change and water reuse options on an urban water cycle. A water cycle analysis was performed on the Goonja drainage basin, located in metropolitan Seoul, us...The aim of this article was to study the effects of land use change and water reuse options on an urban water cycle. A water cycle analysis was performed on the Goonja drainage basin, located in metropolitan Seoul, using the Aquacycle model. The chronological effects of urbanization were first assessed for the land uses of the Goonja drainage basin from 1975 to 2005, where the ratio of impervious areas ranged from 43% to 84%. Progressive urbanization was identified as leading to a decrease in evapotranspiration （29%）, an increase in surface runoff （41%） and a decrease in groundwater recharge （74%）, indicating a serious distortion of the water cycle. From a subsequent analysis of the water reuse options, such as rainwater use and wastewater reuse, it is concluded that wastewater reuse seemed to have an advantage over rainwater use for providing a consistent water supply throughout the year for a country like Korea. where the rainy season is concentrated during the summer monsoon.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52304314 and U23A20602)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control,Ministry of Ecology and Environment+3 种基金China(No.HB202406)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China(Nos.CX20240021 and 2024ZZTS0008)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Funding Project for College Students of Central South UniversityChina(No.S202410533166)。
文摘Flotation is the most common method to recover valuable minerals by selective adsorption of collectors on target mineral surfaces.However,in subsequent hydrometallurgy of mineral flotation concentrates,the adsorbed collectors must be desorbed since it can adversely affect the efficiency of metallurgical process and produce wastewater.ZL,as a fatty acid mixture,is a typical industrially used collector for scheelite flotation in China.Sodium oleate(NaOL)has similar fatty acid group as ZL.In this study,the desorption behavior of NaOL/ZL from scheelite surface by a physical method of stirring at a low temperature was investigated.NaOL desorption tests of single mineral showed that a desorption rate of 77.75% for NaOL from scheelite surface into pulp was achieved in a stirring speed of2500 r/min at 5℃in a neutral environment.Under the above desorption condition,in the pulp containing desorbed collector by adding extra 30% normal NaOL dosage,the scheelite recovery reached about 95% in the single mineral flotation test.Desorption and reuse of ZL collector for the flotation of real scheelite ore showed only a 75%normal dosage of ZL could produce a qualified rough concentrate.The atomic force microscope(AFM)tests showed that after desorption treatment of low temperature and strong stirring,the dense strip-like structure of NaOL on the scheelite surface was destroyed to be speck-like.Molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)demonstrated that the adsorption energy between NaOL and scheelite surface was more negative at 25℃(-13.39 kcal/mol)than at 5℃(-11.50 kcal/mol)in a neutral pH,indicating that a low temperature was beneficial for the desorption of collector from mineral surface.Due to its simplicity and economy,the method we proposed of desorption of collector from mineral surface and its reuse for flotation has a great potential for industrial application.
文摘A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters that supply drinking water treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population growth. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority (BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human health and environmental risks, this practice is a meaningful option in the water supply portfolio for many utilities.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. AE89991/403)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52005262)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20202007)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB4600800)。
文摘Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF) has attracted significant attention in both the industry and academic fields since its inception, providing unprecedented advantages to fabricate complex-shaped metallic components. The printing quality and performance of L-PBF alloys are infuenced by numerous variables consisting of feedstock powders, manufacturing process,and post-treatment. As the starting materials, metallic powders play a critical role in infuencing the fabrication cost, printing consistency, and properties. Given their deterministic roles, the present review aims to retrospect the recent progress on metallic powders for L-PBF including characterization, preparation, and reuse. The powder characterization mainly serves for printing consistency while powder preparation and reuse are introduced to reduce the fabrication costs.Various powder characterization and preparation methods are presented in the beginning by analyzing the measurement principles, advantages, and limitations. Subsequently, the effect of powder reuse on the powder characteristics and mechanical performance of L-PBF parts is analyzed, focusing on steels, nickel-based superalloys, titanium and titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys. The evolution trends of powders and L-PBF parts vary depending on specific alloy systems, which makes the proposal of a unified reuse protocol infeasible. Finally,perspectives are presented to cater to the increased applications of L-PBF technologies for future investigations. The present state-of-the-art work can pave the way for the broad industrial applications of L-PBF by enhancing printing consistency and reducing the total costs from the perspective of powders.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52304314 and U23A20602)the Leading Talents of S&T Innovation of Hunan Province,China(No.2021RC4002)+2 种基金the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2024-16)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources(No.2023-02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(No.2024ZZTS0008).
文摘Flotation is the most common method to obtain concentrate through the selective adsorption of collectors on target minerals to make them hydrophobic and floatable.In the hydrometallurgy of concentrate,collectors adsorbed on concentrate can damage ion-exchange resin and increase the chemical oxygen demand(COD)value of wastewater.In this work,we proposed a new scheme,i.e.,desorbing the collectors from concentrate in ore dressing plant and reusing them in flotation flowsheet.Lead nitrate and benzohydroxamic acid(Pb-BHA)complex is a common collector in scheelite flotation.In this study,different physical(stirring or ultrasonic waves)and chemical(strong acid or alkali environment)methods for facilitating the desorption of Pb-BHA collector from scheelite concentrate were explored.Single-mineral desorption tests showed that under the condition of pulp pH 13 and ultrasonic treatment for 15 min,the highest desorption rates of Pb and BHA from the scheelite concentrate were 90.48%and 63.75%,respectively.Run-of-mine ore flotation tests revealed that the reuse of desorbed Pb and BHA reduced the collector dosage by 30%for BHA and 25%for Pb.The strong alkali environment broke the chemical bonds between Pb and BHA.The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves effectively reduced the interaction intensity between Pb-BHA collector and scheelite surfaces.This method combining ultrasonic waves and strong alkali environment can effectively desorb the collectors from concentrate and provide“clean”scheelite concentrate for metallurgic plants;the reuse of desorbed collector in flotation flowsheet can reduce reagent cost for ore dressing plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070183,and 52270081)the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51820105011)the Program of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Exploring the vast extraterrestrial space is an inevitable trend with continuous human development.Water treatment and reuse are crucial in the limited and closed space that is available in spaceships or long-term use space bases that will be established in the foreseeable future.Dedicated water treatment technologies have experienced iterative development for more than 60 years since the first manned spaceflight was successfully launched.Herein,we briefly review the related wastewater characteristics and the history of water treatment in space stations,and we focus on future challenges and perspectives,aiming at providing insights for optimizing wastewater treatment technologies and closing the water cycle in future.
基金supported by the Politecnico di Torino and the CleanWaterCenter@PoliTo(58_DIM20TIRALB,58_DIM22TIRALB,and 01_TRIN_CI_CWC).
文摘In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation systems.Among various algae harvesting techniques,membrane-based filtration has shown numerous advantages.This study evaluated the reuse of permeate streams derived from Scenedesmus obliquus(S.obliquus)biomass filtration under bench-scale and pilot-scale conditions.In particular,this study identified a series of challenges and mechanisms that influence the water reuse potential and the robustness of the membrane harvesting system.In a preliminary phase of this investigation,the health status of the initial biomass was found to have important implications for the harvesting performance and quality of the permeate stream to be reused;healthy biomass ensured better dewatering performance(i.e.,higher water fluxes)and higher quality of the permeate water streams.A series of bench-scale filtration experiments with different combinations of cross-flow velocity and pressure values were performed to identify the operative conditions that would maximize water productivity.The selected conditions,2.4 m·s^(-1)and 1.4 bar(1 bar=105 Pa),respectively,were then applied to drive pilot-scale microfiltration tests to reuse the collected permeate as a new cultivation medium for S.obliquus growth in a pilot-scale photobioreactor.The investigation revealed key differences between the behavior of the membrane systems at the two scales(bench and pilot).It indicated the potential for beneficial reuse of the permeate stream as the pilot-scale experiments ensured high harvesting performance and growth rates of biomass in permeate water that were highly similar to those recorded in the ideal cultivation medium.Finally,different nutrient reintegration protocols were investigated,revealing that both macro-and micro-nutrient levels are critical for the success of the reuse approach.
文摘With an emphasis on the religious component of reuse potentiality,this study investigates the crucial nexus between spatial development and the conservation model for religious practice with socio-communal dimensions.Adaptive reuse is a critical tactic for global preservation and revitalization to elevate heritage sites in culturally significant locations but provides contemporary functions to them simultaneously.This study examines the various facets of adaptive reuse concerning the religious cultural heritage of suppressed minorities,stressing its insight and importance including the inherent cultural worth of ancient structures and difficulties through creative solutions to modify the temple with modern purposes.The research methodology approaches through an extensive analysis of the literature and case studies and ends with design interventions.It looks into the socioeconomic advantages of adaptive reuse in religious practice,such as the promotion of pilgrimage tourism,community revitalization,and sustainable development.The possible findings will emphasize the conversation on sustainable heritage management by combining theoretical frameworks with practical discoveries as an architectural project with certain concepts.
文摘The paper analyzes the definite place of industrial building in the history of urban development. Due to the development of urban economy and the transition of the traditional industrial structure, many historic cities and towns both at home and abroad have witnessed a large scale "demolition" and abandonment of industrial buildings in urban renewal during last 30 years. Consequently, it has been leading to the discontinuity of urban cultural and historic context. The paper discusses and expounds the clas...
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No.1999032710).
文摘Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web services and choreography, and their operations and properties are presented in a consistent and uniform manner. Service components are published externally as normal web services and can thus be employed by webbased applications. In order to improve reusability and testability of service components, the concept of composition pattern is also proposed, which presents the relationships among service components. The relationships and relationship compositions have a rigorous semantic, so that composite components can be validated at the configuration stage. The composition patterns support to integrate service components of various levels of granularity. Experience indicates that the application assembly can effectively be conducted by understanding, selecting, and reusing components easily.
文摘分析目前高中英语阅读教学存在功利化、模式僵化、碎片化、浅层化、资源利用不充分等典型问题。针对这些问题,构建REUSE模式,即Reviewing(复习)—Exploring(探索)—Unlocking(揭秘)—Sharing(分享)—Evaluating(评价)。以人教版高中《英语》必修3 Unit 3 The million pound bank note为例,探究在高中英语阅读教学中运用REUSE模式的教学流程及应用注意事项。
文摘This paper presents a tool for managing, reusing and analysing C software code based on database techniques. The abstract information of entire software code is stored in a program database that is the conceptual scheme of the entire software, whereas the reuse component is a subscheme. Relational algebra can be conveniently used to manage, analyse and reuse C code. In the tool, we can manage, analyse and reuse any components in the program database and rapidly extract source code of any components or construct the program code of a new system. The rule system is introduced in reusing source code.
基金The Hi_Tech Research and Development Program(863) of China(No:2002AA601220)
文摘A water quality model for water reuse was made by mathematics induction. The relationship among the reuse rate of treated wastewater（R）, pollutant concentration of reused water（ Cs ）, pollutant concentration of influent（ C0）, removal efficiency of pollutant in wastewater（ E）, and the standard of reuse water were discussed in this study. According to the experiment result of a toilet wastewater treatment and reuse with membrane bioreactors, R would be set at less than 40%, on which all the concerned parameters could meet with the reuse water standards. To raise R of reuse water in the toilet, an important way was to improve color removal of the wastewater.
文摘The wearisome enthusiasm for making reasonable structures for programming reuse has gone before for whatever period of time that item has existed. Accepting particular intense structures are made for ensuring an abnormal state ofrensability from one suspect to the accompanying. The unavoidable slant for dares to ask for extensive alterations, paying little mind to being proposed for most noteworthy reusability, remains strong affirmation of this reality. Programming reusability makes examination of stable examination; arrange, likewise, plan outlines a range of tremendous interest. By extrapolating the unfaltering thoughts that use programming consistent quality show and the Knowledge Maps, we attempt to comprehend programming plans that do not require unrestrained modifications, changes or, then again augment. Such cases works kind of a structure, to the most recent inquiries could be incorporated rely on simply the development of the circumstance to which that is associated. Suitability of such methodology must be displayed in the paper.
文摘A full-scale plant using anaerobic, anoxic and oxic processes （A1/A2/O）, along with a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor （MBR）, nanofiltration （NF） and reverse osmosis （RO） integrated system developed by Shanghai Baosteel Chemical Co. Ltd., was investigated to treat coking wastewater for industrial reuse over a period of one year. The removals reached 82.5% （COD）, 89.6% （BOD）, 99.8% （ammonium nitrogen）, 99.9% （phenol）, 44.6% （total cyanide （T-CN））, 99.7% （thiocyanide （SCN-）） and 8.9% （fluoride）, during the A1/A2/O biological treatment stage, and all parameters were further reduced by over 96.0%, except for fluoride （86.4%）, in the final discharge effluent from the currently operating plant. The pilot-scale MBR process reduced the turbidity to less than 0.65 NTU, and most of the toxic organic compounds were degraded or intercepted by the A1/A2/O followed MBR processes. In addition, parameters including COD, T-CN, total nitrogen, fluoride, chloride ion, hardness and conductivity were significantly reduced by the NF-RO system to a level suitable for industrial reuse, with a total water production ratio of 70.7%. However, the concentrates from the NF and RO units were highly polluted and should be disposed of properly or further treated before being discharged.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50275133) and China Hi-tech Program CIMS Topic (No.2003-China(No.50275133) and China Hi-tech Program CIMS Topic (No.2003-AA411320). Received July 22, 2003
文摘The increasing complexity and size of configuration knowledge bases requres the provisionof advanced methods supporting the development of the actual configuration process and design reuse.A new framework to find a feasible and practical product configuration method is presented in masscustomization. The basic idea of the appoach is to integrate case-based reasoning (CBR) with a con-straint satisfaction problem(CSP). The similarity measure between a crisp and range is also given,which is common in case retrieves. Based on the configuration model, a product platform and customerneeds, case adaptation is carried out with the repair-based algorithm. Lastly, the methodology in theelevator configuration design domain is tested.
文摘The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for vehicles is increasing. However, LIBs use valuable rare metals, such as Co and Li, aswell as environmentally toxic reagents. LIBs are also necessary to utilize for a long period and to recycle useful materials. The reduction, reuse,and recycle (3R) of spent LIBs is an important consideration in constructing a circular economy. In this paper, a flowsheet of the 3R of LIBs isproposed and methods to reduce the utilization of valuable rare metals and the amount of spent LIBs by remanufacturing used parts and designingnew batteries considering the concept of 3R are described. Next, several technological processes for the reuse and recycling of LIBs are introduced.These technologies include discharge, sorting, crushing, binder removal, physical separation, and pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgicalprocessing. Each process, as well as the related physical, chemical, and biological treatments, are discussed. Finally, the problem of developedtechnologies and future subjects for 3R of LIBs are described.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877533)Beijing Social Science Foundation (18GLB014).
文摘The mountainous abandoned mine land is often distributed in the fomi of fragmented patches. Therefore, it can greatly promote the reuse value of abandoned mine land and relieve the pressure of land demand to realize the rational reuse of abandoned mine land based on the future land use structure and spatial layout of mountainous area. In this paper, optimization of the spatial structure of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse is realized through the system dynamics model and CLUE-S model. Mentougou district, Beijing, China is selected as the research area. System dynamics model with feedback functions is constructed to simulate land use structure from 2011 to 2025, which is taken as the quanfiiative constraint on spatial structure optimization. CLUE-S model with neighborhood analysis function is applied to simulate future land use spatial structure. The simulation result layer is superimposed with the abandoned mine land distribution layer and the optimized spatial structure of abandoned mine land reuse then is determined, checked by reuse suitability evaluation. The result shows that abandoned mine land can be fully optimized as other land use types according to demand, and the reuse directions are water conservancy facilities land, urban land, rural residential land, tourism land, garden land, woodland and grassland. The trend of abandoned mine land reuse tend to be consistent with land use types of neighboring patches. This study can provide theoretical reference for the practices of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173246,91963118,and 52102213)the Science Technology Program of Jilin Province(No.20200201066JC)。
文摘Due to the serious imbalance between demand and supply of lithium,lithium extraction from brine has become a research hotspot.With the demand for power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)increased rapidly,a large number of spent LiFePO_(4)power batteries have been scrapped and entered the recycling stage.Herein,a novel and efficient strategy is proposed to extract lithium from brine by directly reusing spent LiFePO_(4)powder without any treatment.Various electrochemical test results show that spent LiFePO_(4)electrode has appropriate lithium capacity(14.62 mg_(Li)/g_(LiFePO_(4))),excellent separation performance(α_(Li-Na)=210.5)and low energy consumption(0.768 Wh/g_(Li))in electrochemical lithium extraction from simulated brine.This work not only provides a novel idea for lithium extraction from brine,but also develops an effective strategy for recycling spent LIBs.The concept of from waste to wealth is of great significance to the development of recycling the spent batteries.
文摘Two different kinds of black liquor from the papermaking industry were treated by acidification and reuse. The experimental parameters and conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that the treatment process mentioned in this article is an effective process for the treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry. By the treatment, the solid materials in black liquor are transferred into two by products and the other components are reused or evaporated. Thus, no wastewater except some condensation water would be discharged in pulping process and the problem of pollution of black liquor would be effectively solved.
基金financially supported by a Korea University Grant
文摘The aim of this article was to study the effects of land use change and water reuse options on an urban water cycle. A water cycle analysis was performed on the Goonja drainage basin, located in metropolitan Seoul, using the Aquacycle model. The chronological effects of urbanization were first assessed for the land uses of the Goonja drainage basin from 1975 to 2005, where the ratio of impervious areas ranged from 43% to 84%. Progressive urbanization was identified as leading to a decrease in evapotranspiration （29%）, an increase in surface runoff （41%） and a decrease in groundwater recharge （74%）, indicating a serious distortion of the water cycle. From a subsequent analysis of the water reuse options, such as rainwater use and wastewater reuse, it is concluded that wastewater reuse seemed to have an advantage over rainwater use for providing a consistent water supply throughout the year for a country like Korea. where the rainy season is concentrated during the summer monsoon.
