AIM:To investigate changes in local brain activity after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in myopia patients,and further explore whether post-LASIK(POL)patients and healthy controls(HCs)can be distinguished...AIM:To investigate changes in local brain activity after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in myopia patients,and further explore whether post-LASIK(POL)patients and healthy controls(HCs)can be distinguished by differences in dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(dALFF)in specific brain regions.METHODS:The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)data were collected from 15 myopic patients who underwent LASIK and 15 matched healthy controls.This method was selected to calculate the corresponding dALFF values of each participant,to compare dALFF between the groups and to determine whether dALFF distinguishes reliably between myopic patients after LASIK and HCs using the linear support vector machine(SVM)permutation test(5000 repetitions).RESULTS:dALFF was lower in POL than in HCs at the right precentral gyrus and right insula.Classification accuracy of the SVM was 89.1%(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The activity of spontaneous neurons in the right precentral gyrus and right insula of myopic patients change significantly after LASIK.SVM can correctly classify POL patients and HCs based on dALFF differences.展开更多
Ejaculation is regulated by the central nervous system.However,the central pathophysiology of primary intravaginal anejaculation(PIAJ)is unclear.The present study aimed to examine the changes in regional brain activit...Ejaculation is regulated by the central nervous system.However,the central pathophysiology of primary intravaginal anejaculation(PIAJ)is unclear.The present study aimed to examine the changes in regional brain activity and functional connectivity underlying PIAJ.A total of 20 PIAJ patients and 16 healthy controls(HCs)were enrolled from September 2020 to September 2022 in the Department of Andrology,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(Nanjing,China).Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from all participants and then were preprocessed.The measures of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),and functional connectivity(FC)were calculated and compared between the groups.PIAJ patients showed increased fALFF values in the left precuneus compared with HCs.Additionally,PIAJ patients showed increased ReHo values in the left precuneus,left postcentral gyrus,left superior occipital gyrus,left calcarine fissure,right precuneus,and right middle temporal gyrus,and decreased ReHo values in the left inferior parietal gyrus,compared with HCs.Finally,brain regions with altered fALFF and ReHo values in PIAJ patients showed increased FC with widespread cortical regions,which included the frontal,parietal,temporal,and occipital regions,compared with HCs.In conclusion,increased regional brain activity in the parietal,temporal,and occipital regions,and increased FC between these brain regions,may be associated with PIAJ occurrence.展开更多
Epilepsy is a disease characterized by abnormal spontaneous activity in the brain.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（RS-fMRI） is a powerful technique for exploring this activity.With good spatial an...Epilepsy is a disease characterized by abnormal spontaneous activity in the brain.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（RS-fMRI） is a powerful technique for exploring this activity.With good spatial and temporal resolution,RS-fMRI is a promising approach for accurate localization of the focus of seizure activity.Although simultaneous electroencephalogram-fMRI has been performed with patients in the resting state,most studies focused on activation.This mini-review focuses on RS-fMRI alone,including its computational methods and its application to epilepsy.展开更多
Tension-type headache（TTH） is the most prevalent type of primary headache. Many studies have shown that the pathogenesis of primary headache is associated with fine structural or functional changes. However, these s...Tension-type headache（TTH） is the most prevalent type of primary headache. Many studies have shown that the pathogenesis of primary headache is associated with fine structural or functional changes. However, these studies were mainly based on migraine. The present study aimed to investigate whether TTH patients show functional disturbances compared with healthy subjects. We used restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging（f MRI） and regional homogeneity（Re Ho） analysis to identify changes in the local synchronization of spontaneous activity in patients with TTH. Ten patients with TTH and 10 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls participated in the study. After demographic and clinical characteristics were acquired, a 3.0-T MRI system was used to obtain restingstate f MRIs. Compared with healthy controls, the TTH group exhibited significantly lower Re Ho values in the bilateral caudate nucleus, the precuneus, the putamen, the left middle frontal gyrus, and the superior frontal gyrus. There was no correlation between mean Re Ho values in TTH patients and duration of TTH, number of attacks, duration of daily attacks, Visual Analogue Scale score, or Headache Impact Test-6 score. These results suggest that TTHpatients exhibit reduced synchronization of neuronal activity in multiple regions involved in the integration and processing of pain signals.展开更多
In order to facilitate the extraction of the default mode network（DMN）, reduce the data complexity of the functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）and overcome the restriction of the linearity of the mixing pro...In order to facilitate the extraction of the default mode network（DMN）, reduce the data complexity of the functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）and overcome the restriction of the linearity of the mixing process encountered with the independent component analysis（ICA）, a framework of dimensionality reduction and nonlinear transformation is proposed. First, the principal component analysis（PCA）is applied to reduce the time dimension 153 594×128 of the fMRI data to 153 594×5 for simplifying complexity computation and obtaining 95% of the information. Secondly, a new kernel-based nonlinear ICA method referred as the kernel ICA（KICA）based on the Gaussian kernel is introduced to analyze the resting-state fMRI data and extract the DMN. Experimental results show that the KICA provides a better performance for the resting-state fMRI data analysis compared with the classical ICA. Furthermore, the DMN is accurately extracted and the noise is reduced.展开更多
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamin...Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor（DRD4） on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity（Re Ho） and functional connectivity（FC）. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD44-repeat/4-repeat（4 R/4 R） allele（n = 30） or the DRD42-repeat（2 R） allele（n = 19）. The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2 R allele had decreased Re Ho bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while Re Ho was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4 R/4 R allele, those with the DRD4 2 R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.展开更多
Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain f...Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain functional connectivity network of acupuncture stimulation. Objective： To offer an overview of the different influences of acupuncture on the brain functional connec- tivity network from studies using resting-state fMRI. Search strategy： The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMA guidelines, The database PubMed was searched from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 with restriction to human studies in English language. Inclusion criteria： Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed using the keywords ＂acupuncture＂ and ＂neuroimaging＂ or ＂resting-state fMRI＂ or ＂functional connectivity＂, Data extraction and analysis： Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors. Results： Forty-four resting-state fMRI studies were included in this systematic review according to inclu- sion criteria. Thirteen studies applied manual acupuncture vs. sham, four studies applied electro- acupuncture vs. sham, two studies also compared transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation vs. sham, and nine applied sham acupoint as control. Nineteen studies with a total number of 574 healthy subjects selected to perform fMRI only considered healthy adult volunteers. The brain functional connec- tivity of the patients had varying degrees of change. Compared with sham acupuncture, verum acupunc- ture could increase default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity with pain-, affective- and memory-related brain areas. It has significantly greater connectivity of genuine acupuncture between the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, limbic/paralimbic and precuneus compared with sham acupuncture. Some research had also shown that acupuncture could adjust the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network, brainstem, cerebellum, subcortical and hippocampus brain areas. Conclusion： It can be presumed that the functional connectivity network is closely related to the mech- anism of acupuncture, and central integration plays a critical role in the acupuncture mechanism.展开更多
The specific mechanisms by which acupuncture affects the central nervous system are unclear. In the International Standard Scalp Acupuncture system, acupuncture needles are applied at the middle line of the vertex, an...The specific mechanisms by which acupuncture affects the central nervous system are unclear. In the International Standard Scalp Acupuncture system, acupuncture needles are applied at the middle line of the vertex, anterior parietal-temporal oblique line, and the posterior parietal-temporal oblique line. We conducted a single-arm prospective clinical trial in which seven healthy elderly volunteers (three men and four women;50–70 years old) received International Standard Scalp Acupuncture at MS5 (the mid-sagittal line between Baihui (DU20) and Qianding (DU21)), the left MS6 (line joining Sishencong (EX-HN1) and Xuanli (GB6)), and the left MS7 (line joining DU20 and Qubin (GB7)). After acupuncture, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated changes in the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in various areas, showing remarkable enhancement of regional homogeneity in the bilateral anterior cingulate, left medial frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity based on a seed region at the right middle frontal gyrus (42, 51, 9) decreased at the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus. Our data preliminarily indicates that the international standard scalp acupuncture in healthy elderly participants specifcally enhances the correlation between the brain regions involved in cognition and implementation of the brain network regulation system and the surrounding adjacent brain regions. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China-Japan Union Hospital at Jilin University, China, on July 18, 2016 (approval No. 2016ks043).展开更多
Objective:Comorbid pain and depression are common but remain difficult to treat.Electroacupuncture(EA)can effectively improve symptoms of depression and relieve pain,but its neural mechanism remains unclear.Therefore,...Objective:Comorbid pain and depression are common but remain difficult to treat.Electroacupuncture(EA)can effectively improve symptoms of depression and relieve pain,but its neural mechanism remains unclear.Therefore,we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)to detect cerebral changes after initiating a mouse pain model via constriction of the infraorbital nerve(CION)and then treating these animals with EA.Methods:Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups:control,CION model,EA,and sham acupuncture(without needle insertion).EA was performed on the acupoints Baihui(GV20)and Zusanli(ST36)for 20 min,once a day for 10 consecutive days.The mechanical withdrawal threshold was tested3 days after the surgery and every 3 days after the intervention.The depressive behavior was evaluated with the tail suspension test,open-field test,elevated plus maze(EPM),sucrose preference test,and marble burying test.The rs-fMRI was used to detect the cerebral changes of the functional connectivity(FC)in the mice following EA treatment.Results:Compared with the CION group,the mechanical withdrawal threshold increased in the EA group at the end of the intervention(P<0.05);the immobility time in tail suspension test decreased(P<0.05);and the times of the open arm entry and the open arm time in the EPM increased(both P<0.001).There was no difference in the sucrose preference or marble burying tests(both P>0.05).The fMRI results showed that EA treatment downregulated the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity values,while these indicators were elevated in brain regions including the amygdala,hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the CION model for comorbid pain and depression.Selecting the amygdala as the seed region,we found that the FC was higher in the CION group than in the control group.Meanwhile,EA treatment was able to decrease the FC between the amygdala and other brain regions including the caudate putamen,thalamus,and parts of the cerebral cortex.Conclusion:EA can downregulate the abnormal activation of neurons in the amygdala and improve its FC with other brain regions,thus exerting analgesic and antidepressant effects.Please cite this article as:Yin X,Zeng XL,Lin JJ,Xu WQ,Cui KY,Guo XT,Li W,Xu SF.Brain functional changes following electroacupuncture in a mouse model of comorbid pain and depression:A restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging study.展开更多
Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network lev...Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explo...BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explore the potential characteristics of the brain network and functional connectivity(FC)of SA.METHODS Twenty-six SA individuals and 47 usual aging individuals were recruited from community-dwelling elderly,which were taken the magnetic resonance imaging scan and the global cognitive function assessment by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).The resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed by DPABISurf,and the brain functional network was conducted by DPABINet.The support vector machine model was constructed with altered functional connectivities to evaluate the identification value of SA.RESULTS The results found that the 6 inter-network FCs of 5 brain networks were significantly altered and related to MMSE performance.The FC of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus was mostly increased and positively related to MMSE score,and the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole:Middle temporal gyrus was the only one decreased and negatively related to MMSE score.All 17 significantly altered FCs of SA were taken into the support vector machine model,and the area under the curve was 0.895.CONCLUSION The identification of key brain networks and FC of SA could help us better understand the brain mechanism and further explore neuroimaging biomarkers of SA.展开更多
BACKGROUND Very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis(VLOSLP)is a subtype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which individuals experience psychotic symptoms for the first time after the age of 60.The incidence o...BACKGROUND Very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis(VLOSLP)is a subtype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which individuals experience psychotic symptoms for the first time after the age of 60.The incidence of VLOSLP shows a linear relationship with increasing age.However,no studies have reported alterations in spontaneous brain activity among VLOSLP patients and their correlation with cognitive function and clinical symptoms.AIM To explore VLOSLP brain activity and correlations with cognitive function and clinical symptoms using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.METHODS This study included 33 VLOSLP patients and 34 healthy controls.The cognitive assessment utilized the Mini Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive Assessment,and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS).Clinical characteristic acquisition was performed via the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).All participants were scanned via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,and the data were processed using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional ALFF(fALFF),regional homogeneity,and voxelmirrored homotopic connectivity(VMHC).RESULTS The VLOSLP group presented decreased ALFF values in the left cuneus,right precuneus,right precentral gyrus,and left paracentral lobule;increased fALFF values in the left caudate nucleus;decreased fALFF values in the right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex(CAL)and right precuneus;increased regional homogeneity values in the right putamen;and decreased VMHC values in the bilateral CAL,bilateral superior temporal gyrus,and bilateral cuneus.In the VLOSLP group,ALFF values in the right precuneus were negatively correlated with Mini Mental State Examination score and PANSS positive subscale score,and VMHC values in the bilateral CAL were negatively correlated with the RBANS total score,RBANS delayed memory score,and PANSS positive subscale score.CONCLUSION The changes of brain activity in VLOSLP are concentrated in the right precuneus and bilateral CAL regions,which may be associated with cognitive impairment and clinically positive symptoms.展开更多
Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indice...Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indices,has provided a fresh perspective and valuable insight into the study of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.It has been revealed that Parkinson's disease is accompanied by widespread irregularities in inherent brain network activity.However,the effective integration of the multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into clinical settings for the diagnosis of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease remains a challenge.Although previous studies have demonstrated that radiomics can extract optimal features as biomarkers to identify or predict diseases,a knowledge gap still exists in the field of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the ability of radiomics features based on multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with clinical features,to distinguish between Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait.We recruited 28 patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait(15 men and 13 women,average age 63 years)and 30 patients with Parkinson's disease who had no freezing of gait(16 men and 14 women,average age 64 years).Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained using a 3.0T scanner to extract the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations,mean regional homogeneity,and degree centrality.Neurological and clinical characteristics were also evaluated.We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm to extract features and established feedforward neural network models based solely on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators.We then performed predictive analysis of three distinct groups based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators indicators combined with clinical features.Subsequently,we conducted 100 additional five-fold cross-validations to determine the most effective model for each classification task and evaluated the performance of the model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.The results showed that when differentiating patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who did not have freezing of gait,or from healthy controls,the models using only the mean regional homogeneity values achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.750(with an accuracy of 70.9%)and 0.759(with an accuracy of 65.3%),respectively.When classifying patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who had no freezing of gait,the model using the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values combined with two clinical features achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.847(with an accuracy of 74.3%).The most significant features for patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait were amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation alterations in the left parahippocampal gyrus and two clinical characteristics:Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Hamilton Depression Scale scores.Our findings suggest that radiomics features derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indices and clinical information can serve as valuable indices for the identification of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Asthma is a serious health problem that involves not only the respiratory system but also the central nervous system.Previous studies identified either regional or network alterations in patients with asthma,but incon...Asthma is a serious health problem that involves not only the respiratory system but also the central nervous system.Previous studies identified either regional or network alterations in patients with asthma,but inconsistent results were obtained.A key question remains unclear:are the regional and neural network deficits related or are they two independent characteristics in asthma?Answering this question is the aim of this study.By collecting resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 39 patients with asthma and 40 matched health controls,brain functional measures including regional activity(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations)and neural network function(degree centrality(DC)and functional connectivity)were calculated to systematically characterize the functional alterations.Patients exhibited regional abnormities in the left angular gyrus,right precuneus,and inferior temporal gyrus within the default mode network.Network abnormalities involved both the sensorimotor network and visual network with key regions including the superior frontal gyrus and occipital lobes.Altered DC in the lingual gyrus was correlated with the degree of airway obstruction.This study elucidated different patterns of regional and network changes,thereby suggesting that the two parameters reflect different brain characteristics of asthma.These findings provide evidence for further understanding the potential cerebral alterations in the pathophysiology of asthma.展开更多
Background Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(RS-fMRI)has been proved to be a useful tool to study the brain mechanism in the quest to probe the distinct pattern of inter-region interactions in the br...Background Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(RS-fMRI)has been proved to be a useful tool to study the brain mechanism in the quest to probe the distinct pattern of inter-region interactions in the brain.As an important application of RSfMRI,the graph-based approach characterizes the brain as a complex network.However,the network is susceptible to its scale that determines the trade-off between sensitivity and anatomical variability.Objective To balance sensitivity and anatomical variability,a pyramid representation of the functional network is proposed,which is composed of five individual networks reconstructed at multiple scales.Methods The pyramid representation of the functional network was applied to two groups of participants,including patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and normal elderly(NC)individuals,as a demonstration.Features were extracted from the multi-scale networks andwere evaluated with their inter-group differences between AD andNC,aswell as the discriminative power in recognizing AD.Moreover,the proposed method was also validated by another dataset from people with autism.Results The different features reflect the highest sensitivity to distinguish AD at different scales.In addition,the combined features have higher accuracy than any single scale-based feature.These findings highlight the potential use ofmulti-scale features asmarkers of the disrupted topological organization in AD networks.Conclusion We believe that multi-scale metrics could provide a more comprehensive characterization of the functional network and thus provide a promising solution for representing the underlying functional mechanism in the human brain on a multi-scale basis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers base...BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers based on amygdala functional connectivity(FC).AIM To investigate the analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers as a streamlined approach for the diagnosis of MDD in adolescents.METHODS Forty-four adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,the FC was compared between the adolescents with MDD and the healthy controls,with the bilateral amygdala serving as the seed point,followed by statistical analysis of the results.The support vector machine(SVM)method was then applied to classify functional connections in various brain regions and to evaluate the neurophysiological characteristics associated with MDD.RESULTS Compared to the controls and using the bilateral amygdala as the region of interest,patients with MDD showed significantly lower FC values in the left inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral calcarine,right lingual gyrus,and left superior occipital gyrus.However,there was an increase in the FC value in Vermis-10.The SVM analysis revealed that the reduction in the FC value in the right lingual gyrus could effectively differentiate patients with MDD from healthy controls,achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 83.91%,sensitivity of 79.55%,specificity of 88.37%,and an area under the curve of 67.65%.CONCLUSION The results showed that an abnormal FC value in the right lingual gyrus was effective as a neuroimaging biomarker to distinguish patients with MDD from healthy controls.展开更多
Methylphenidate （MPH） is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain act...Methylphenidate （MPH） is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain activation during specific cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, few studies have focused on spontaneous brain activity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of MPH on the intra-regional synchronization of spontaneous brain activity during the resting state in 18 normal adult males. A handedness questionnaire and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were applied before medication, and a resting-state fMRI scan was obtained 1 h after medication （20 mg MPH or placebo, order counterbalanced between participants）. We demonstrated that： （1） there were no significant differences in the performance of behavioral tasks between the MPH and placebo groups; （2） the left middle and superior temporal gyri had stronger MPH-related regional homogeneity （ReHo）; and （3） the left lingual gyrus had weaker MPH-related ReHo. Our findings showed that the ReHo in some brain areas changes with MPH compared to placebo in normal adults, even though there are no behavioral differences. This method can be applied to patients with mental illness who may be treated with MPH, and be used to compare the difference between patients taking MPH and normal participants, to help reveal the mechanism of how MPH works.展开更多
Resting-state fMRI(rs-fMRI)has emerged as an alternative method to study brain function in human and animal models.In humans,it has been widely used to study psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia,bipolar disor...Resting-state fMRI(rs-fMRI)has emerged as an alternative method to study brain function in human and animal models.In humans,it has been widely used to study psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,autism spectrum disorders,and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.In this review,rs-fMRI and its advantages over task based fMRI,its currently used analysis methods,and its application in psychiatric disorders using different analysis methods are discussed.Finally,several limitations and challenges of rs-fMRI applications are also discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD)is a significant mental health concern that often leads to recurrent depression in adulthood.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)offers uniqu...BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD)is a significant mental health concern that often leads to recurrent depression in adulthood.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)offers unique insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this condition.However,despite previous research,the specific vulnerable brain regions affected in adolescent MDD patients have not been fully elucidated.AIM To identify consistent vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients using rs-fMRI and activation likelihood estimation(ALE)meta-analysis.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search through July 12,2023,for studies investigating brain functional changes in adolescent MDD patients.We utilized regional homogeneity(ReHo),amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)and fractional ALFF(fALFF)analyses.We compared the regions of aberrant spontaneous neural activity in adolescents with MDD vs healthy controls(HCs)using ALE.RESULTS Ten studies(369 adolescent MDD patients and 313 HCs)were included.Combining the ReHo and ALFF/fALFF data,the results revealed that the activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus was lower in the adolescent MDD patients than in the HCs(voxel size:648 mm3,P<0.05),and no brain region exhibited increased activity.Based on the ALFF data,we found decreased activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus in adolescent MDD patients(voxel size:736 mm3,P<0.05),with no regions exhibiting increased activity.CONCLUSION Through ALE meta-analysis,we consistently identified the right cuneus and left precuneus as vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients,increasing our understanding of the neuropathology of affected adolescents.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195No.82460203)Key R&D Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20223BBH80014).
文摘AIM:To investigate changes in local brain activity after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in myopia patients,and further explore whether post-LASIK(POL)patients and healthy controls(HCs)can be distinguished by differences in dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(dALFF)in specific brain regions.METHODS:The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)data were collected from 15 myopic patients who underwent LASIK and 15 matched healthy controls.This method was selected to calculate the corresponding dALFF values of each participant,to compare dALFF between the groups and to determine whether dALFF distinguishes reliably between myopic patients after LASIK and HCs using the linear support vector machine(SVM)permutation test(5000 repetitions).RESULTS:dALFF was lower in POL than in HCs at the right precentral gyrus and right insula.Classification accuracy of the SVM was 89.1%(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The activity of spontaneous neurons in the right precentral gyrus and right insula of myopic patients change significantly after LASIK.SVM can correctly classify POL patients and HCs based on dALFF differences.
基金supported by grants from the Nanjing Medical Technology Development Project(No.YKK19059)Excellent Young Doctor Training Program of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine(No.2023QB0126)+1 种基金Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program Project-School Assisted General Project(No.SJCX23_0804)the General project of Natural Science Foundat。
文摘Ejaculation is regulated by the central nervous system.However,the central pathophysiology of primary intravaginal anejaculation(PIAJ)is unclear.The present study aimed to examine the changes in regional brain activity and functional connectivity underlying PIAJ.A total of 20 PIAJ patients and 16 healthy controls(HCs)were enrolled from September 2020 to September 2022 in the Department of Andrology,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(Nanjing,China).Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from all participants and then were preprocessed.The measures of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),and functional connectivity(FC)were calculated and compared between the groups.PIAJ patients showed increased fALFF values in the left precuneus compared with HCs.Additionally,PIAJ patients showed increased ReHo values in the left precuneus,left postcentral gyrus,left superior occipital gyrus,left calcarine fissure,right precuneus,and right middle temporal gyrus,and decreased ReHo values in the left inferior parietal gyrus,compared with HCs.Finally,brain regions with altered fALFF and ReHo values in PIAJ patients showed increased FC with widespread cortical regions,which included the frontal,parietal,temporal,and occipital regions,compared with HCs.In conclusion,increased regional brain activity in the parietal,temporal,and occipital regions,and increased FC between these brain regions,may be associated with PIAJ occurrence.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2009MS1163)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81020108022,30770594)
文摘Epilepsy is a disease characterized by abnormal spontaneous activity in the brain.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（RS-fMRI） is a powerful technique for exploring this activity.With good spatial and temporal resolution,RS-fMRI is a promising approach for accurate localization of the focus of seizure activity.Although simultaneous electroencephalogram-fMRI has been performed with patients in the resting state,most studies focused on activation.This mini-review focuses on RS-fMRI alone,including its computational methods and its application to epilepsy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81071140)
文摘Tension-type headache（TTH） is the most prevalent type of primary headache. Many studies have shown that the pathogenesis of primary headache is associated with fine structural or functional changes. However, these studies were mainly based on migraine. The present study aimed to investigate whether TTH patients show functional disturbances compared with healthy subjects. We used restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging（f MRI） and regional homogeneity（Re Ho） analysis to identify changes in the local synchronization of spontaneous activity in patients with TTH. Ten patients with TTH and 10 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls participated in the study. After demographic and clinical characteristics were acquired, a 3.0-T MRI system was used to obtain restingstate f MRIs. Compared with healthy controls, the TTH group exhibited significantly lower Re Ho values in the bilateral caudate nucleus, the precuneus, the putamen, the left middle frontal gyrus, and the superior frontal gyrus. There was no correlation between mean Re Ho values in TTH patients and duration of TTH, number of attacks, duration of daily attacks, Visual Analogue Scale score, or Headache Impact Test-6 score. These results suggest that TTHpatients exhibit reduced synchronization of neuronal activity in multiple regions involved in the integration and processing of pain signals.
基金Key Academic Discipline during the11th Five-Year Plan Period of Jiangsu Province
文摘In order to facilitate the extraction of the default mode network（DMN）, reduce the data complexity of the functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）and overcome the restriction of the linearity of the mixing process encountered with the independent component analysis（ICA）, a framework of dimensionality reduction and nonlinear transformation is proposed. First, the principal component analysis（PCA）is applied to reduce the time dimension 153 594×128 of the fMRI data to 153 594×5 for simplifying complexity computation and obtaining 95% of the information. Secondly, a new kernel-based nonlinear ICA method referred as the kernel ICA（KICA）based on the Gaussian kernel is introduced to analyze the resting-state fMRI data and extract the DMN. Experimental results show that the KICA provides a better performance for the resting-state fMRI data analysis compared with the classical ICA. Furthermore, the DMN is accurately extracted and the noise is reduced.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. LY14H180006, LQ18H090009)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20160142)
文摘Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor（DRD4） on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity（Re Ho） and functional connectivity（FC）. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD44-repeat/4-repeat（4 R/4 R） allele（n = 30） or the DRD42-repeat（2 R） allele（n = 19）. The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2 R allele had decreased Re Ho bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while Re Ho was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4 R/4 R allele, those with the DRD4 2 R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473784)University Science Research Project of Anhui Province of China(No.KJ2017A298)+1 种基金the Key Project of the Youth Elite Support Plan in Universities of Anhui Province of China(No.gxyq ZD2016134)Construction Project of Scientific Research Innovation Platform of Anhui Province of China(No.2015TD033)
文摘Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain functional connectivity network of acupuncture stimulation. Objective： To offer an overview of the different influences of acupuncture on the brain functional connec- tivity network from studies using resting-state fMRI. Search strategy： The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMA guidelines, The database PubMed was searched from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 with restriction to human studies in English language. Inclusion criteria： Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed using the keywords ＂acupuncture＂ and ＂neuroimaging＂ or ＂resting-state fMRI＂ or ＂functional connectivity＂, Data extraction and analysis： Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors. Results： Forty-four resting-state fMRI studies were included in this systematic review according to inclu- sion criteria. Thirteen studies applied manual acupuncture vs. sham, four studies applied electro- acupuncture vs. sham, two studies also compared transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation vs. sham, and nine applied sham acupoint as control. Nineteen studies with a total number of 574 healthy subjects selected to perform fMRI only considered healthy adult volunteers. The brain functional connec- tivity of the patients had varying degrees of change. Compared with sham acupuncture, verum acupunc- ture could increase default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity with pain-, affective- and memory-related brain areas. It has significantly greater connectivity of genuine acupuncture between the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, limbic/paralimbic and precuneus compared with sham acupuncture. Some research had also shown that acupuncture could adjust the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network, brainstem, cerebellum, subcortical and hippocampus brain areas. Conclusion： It can be presumed that the functional connectivity network is closely related to the mech- anism of acupuncture, and central integration plays a critical role in the acupuncture mechanism.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81403455(to JQC)
文摘The specific mechanisms by which acupuncture affects the central nervous system are unclear. In the International Standard Scalp Acupuncture system, acupuncture needles are applied at the middle line of the vertex, anterior parietal-temporal oblique line, and the posterior parietal-temporal oblique line. We conducted a single-arm prospective clinical trial in which seven healthy elderly volunteers (three men and four women;50–70 years old) received International Standard Scalp Acupuncture at MS5 (the mid-sagittal line between Baihui (DU20) and Qianding (DU21)), the left MS6 (line joining Sishencong (EX-HN1) and Xuanli (GB6)), and the left MS7 (line joining DU20 and Qubin (GB7)). After acupuncture, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated changes in the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in various areas, showing remarkable enhancement of regional homogeneity in the bilateral anterior cingulate, left medial frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity based on a seed region at the right middle frontal gyrus (42, 51, 9) decreased at the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus. Our data preliminarily indicates that the international standard scalp acupuncture in healthy elderly participants specifcally enhances the correlation between the brain regions involved in cognition and implementation of the brain network regulation system and the surrounding adjacent brain regions. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China-Japan Union Hospital at Jilin University, China, on July 18, 2016 (approval No. 2016ks043).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104986 and 82274643)Shanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talents”Youth Development Program(No.SHWSRS[2023]_062)from Shanghai Municipal Health Commission。
文摘Objective:Comorbid pain and depression are common but remain difficult to treat.Electroacupuncture(EA)can effectively improve symptoms of depression and relieve pain,but its neural mechanism remains unclear.Therefore,we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)to detect cerebral changes after initiating a mouse pain model via constriction of the infraorbital nerve(CION)and then treating these animals with EA.Methods:Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups:control,CION model,EA,and sham acupuncture(without needle insertion).EA was performed on the acupoints Baihui(GV20)and Zusanli(ST36)for 20 min,once a day for 10 consecutive days.The mechanical withdrawal threshold was tested3 days after the surgery and every 3 days after the intervention.The depressive behavior was evaluated with the tail suspension test,open-field test,elevated plus maze(EPM),sucrose preference test,and marble burying test.The rs-fMRI was used to detect the cerebral changes of the functional connectivity(FC)in the mice following EA treatment.Results:Compared with the CION group,the mechanical withdrawal threshold increased in the EA group at the end of the intervention(P<0.05);the immobility time in tail suspension test decreased(P<0.05);and the times of the open arm entry and the open arm time in the EPM increased(both P<0.001).There was no difference in the sucrose preference or marble burying tests(both P>0.05).The fMRI results showed that EA treatment downregulated the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity values,while these indicators were elevated in brain regions including the amygdala,hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the CION model for comorbid pain and depression.Selecting the amygdala as the seed region,we found that the FC was higher in the CION group than in the control group.Meanwhile,EA treatment was able to decrease the FC between the amygdala and other brain regions including the caudate putamen,thalamus,and parts of the cerebral cortex.Conclusion:EA can downregulate the abnormal activation of neurons in the amygdala and improve its FC with other brain regions,thus exerting analgesic and antidepressant effects.Please cite this article as:Yin X,Zeng XL,Lin JJ,Xu WQ,Cui KY,Guo XT,Li W,Xu SF.Brain functional changes following electroacupuncture in a mouse model of comorbid pain and depression:A restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81871836(to MZ),82172554(to XH),and 81802249(to XH),81902301(to JW)the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2018YFC2001600(to JX)and 2018YFC2001604(to JX)+3 种基金Shanghai Rising Star Program,No.19QA1409000(to MZ)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.2018YQ02(to MZ)Shanghai Youth Top Talent Development PlanShanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program,No.RY411.19.01.10(to XH)。
文摘Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.Z202107。
文摘BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explore the potential characteristics of the brain network and functional connectivity(FC)of SA.METHODS Twenty-six SA individuals and 47 usual aging individuals were recruited from community-dwelling elderly,which were taken the magnetic resonance imaging scan and the global cognitive function assessment by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).The resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed by DPABISurf,and the brain functional network was conducted by DPABINet.The support vector machine model was constructed with altered functional connectivities to evaluate the identification value of SA.RESULTS The results found that the 6 inter-network FCs of 5 brain networks were significantly altered and related to MMSE performance.The FC of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus was mostly increased and positively related to MMSE score,and the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole:Middle temporal gyrus was the only one decreased and negatively related to MMSE score.All 17 significantly altered FCs of SA were taken into the support vector machine model,and the area under the curve was 0.895.CONCLUSION The identification of key brain networks and FC of SA could help us better understand the brain mechanism and further explore neuroimaging biomarkers of SA.
基金Supported by Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.202107and Wuxi Taihu Talent Project,No.WXTTP 2021.
文摘BACKGROUND Very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis(VLOSLP)is a subtype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which individuals experience psychotic symptoms for the first time after the age of 60.The incidence of VLOSLP shows a linear relationship with increasing age.However,no studies have reported alterations in spontaneous brain activity among VLOSLP patients and their correlation with cognitive function and clinical symptoms.AIM To explore VLOSLP brain activity and correlations with cognitive function and clinical symptoms using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.METHODS This study included 33 VLOSLP patients and 34 healthy controls.The cognitive assessment utilized the Mini Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive Assessment,and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS).Clinical characteristic acquisition was performed via the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).All participants were scanned via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,and the data were processed using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional ALFF(fALFF),regional homogeneity,and voxelmirrored homotopic connectivity(VMHC).RESULTS The VLOSLP group presented decreased ALFF values in the left cuneus,right precuneus,right precentral gyrus,and left paracentral lobule;increased fALFF values in the left caudate nucleus;decreased fALFF values in the right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex(CAL)and right precuneus;increased regional homogeneity values in the right putamen;and decreased VMHC values in the bilateral CAL,bilateral superior temporal gyrus,and bilateral cuneus.In the VLOSLP group,ALFF values in the right precuneus were negatively correlated with Mini Mental State Examination score and PANSS positive subscale score,and VMHC values in the bilateral CAL were negatively correlated with the RBANS total score,RBANS delayed memory score,and PANSS positive subscale score.CONCLUSION The changes of brain activity in VLOSLP are concentrated in the right precuneus and bilateral CAL regions,which may be associated with cognitive impairment and clinically positive symptoms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071909(to GF)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2023-MS-07(to HL)。
文摘Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indices,has provided a fresh perspective and valuable insight into the study of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.It has been revealed that Parkinson's disease is accompanied by widespread irregularities in inherent brain network activity.However,the effective integration of the multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into clinical settings for the diagnosis of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease remains a challenge.Although previous studies have demonstrated that radiomics can extract optimal features as biomarkers to identify or predict diseases,a knowledge gap still exists in the field of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the ability of radiomics features based on multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with clinical features,to distinguish between Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait.We recruited 28 patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait(15 men and 13 women,average age 63 years)and 30 patients with Parkinson's disease who had no freezing of gait(16 men and 14 women,average age 64 years).Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained using a 3.0T scanner to extract the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations,mean regional homogeneity,and degree centrality.Neurological and clinical characteristics were also evaluated.We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm to extract features and established feedforward neural network models based solely on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators.We then performed predictive analysis of three distinct groups based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators indicators combined with clinical features.Subsequently,we conducted 100 additional five-fold cross-validations to determine the most effective model for each classification task and evaluated the performance of the model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.The results showed that when differentiating patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who did not have freezing of gait,or from healthy controls,the models using only the mean regional homogeneity values achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.750(with an accuracy of 70.9%)and 0.759(with an accuracy of 65.3%),respectively.When classifying patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who had no freezing of gait,the model using the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values combined with two clinical features achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.847(with an accuracy of 74.3%).The most significant features for patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait were amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation alterations in the left parahippocampal gyrus and two clinical characteristics:Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Hamilton Depression Scale scores.Our findings suggest that radiomics features derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indices and clinical information can serve as valuable indices for the identification of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81671664 and 81621003)National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals(No.W02070140)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018SCUH0011)Science and Technology Project of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province(No.18ZD035)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2019YJ0155)1-3-5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Nos.ZYYC08001 and ZYJC18020).
文摘Asthma is a serious health problem that involves not only the respiratory system but also the central nervous system.Previous studies identified either regional or network alterations in patients with asthma,but inconsistent results were obtained.A key question remains unclear:are the regional and neural network deficits related or are they two independent characteristics in asthma?Answering this question is the aim of this study.By collecting resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 39 patients with asthma and 40 matched health controls,brain functional measures including regional activity(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations)and neural network function(degree centrality(DC)and functional connectivity)were calculated to systematically characterize the functional alterations.Patients exhibited regional abnormities in the left angular gyrus,right precuneus,and inferior temporal gyrus within the default mode network.Network abnormalities involved both the sensorimotor network and visual network with key regions including the superior frontal gyrus and occipital lobes.Altered DC in the lingual gyrus was correlated with the degree of airway obstruction.This study elucidated different patterns of regional and network changes,thereby suggesting that the two parameters reflect different brain characteristics of asthma.These findings provide evidence for further understanding the potential cerebral alterations in the pathophysiology of asthma.
基金This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 81901828,81873890)。
文摘Background Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(RS-fMRI)has been proved to be a useful tool to study the brain mechanism in the quest to probe the distinct pattern of inter-region interactions in the brain.As an important application of RSfMRI,the graph-based approach characterizes the brain as a complex network.However,the network is susceptible to its scale that determines the trade-off between sensitivity and anatomical variability.Objective To balance sensitivity and anatomical variability,a pyramid representation of the functional network is proposed,which is composed of five individual networks reconstructed at multiple scales.Methods The pyramid representation of the functional network was applied to two groups of participants,including patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and normal elderly(NC)individuals,as a demonstration.Features were extracted from the multi-scale networks andwere evaluated with their inter-group differences between AD andNC,aswell as the discriminative power in recognizing AD.Moreover,the proposed method was also validated by another dataset from people with autism.Results The different features reflect the highest sensitivity to distinguish AD at different scales.In addition,the combined features have higher accuracy than any single scale-based feature.These findings highlight the potential use ofmulti-scale features asmarkers of the disrupted topological organization in AD networks.Conclusion We believe that multi-scale metrics could provide a more comprehensive characterization of the functional network and thus provide a promising solution for representing the underlying functional mechanism in the human brain on a multi-scale basis.
文摘BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers based on amygdala functional connectivity(FC).AIM To investigate the analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers as a streamlined approach for the diagnosis of MDD in adolescents.METHODS Forty-four adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,the FC was compared between the adolescents with MDD and the healthy controls,with the bilateral amygdala serving as the seed point,followed by statistical analysis of the results.The support vector machine(SVM)method was then applied to classify functional connections in various brain regions and to evaluate the neurophysiological characteristics associated with MDD.RESULTS Compared to the controls and using the bilateral amygdala as the region of interest,patients with MDD showed significantly lower FC values in the left inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral calcarine,right lingual gyrus,and left superior occipital gyrus.However,there was an increase in the FC value in Vermis-10.The SVM analysis revealed that the reduction in the FC value in the right lingual gyrus could effectively differentiate patients with MDD from healthy controls,achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 83.91%,sensitivity of 79.55%,specificity of 88.37%,and an area under the curve of 67.65%.CONCLUSION The results showed that an abnormal FC value in the right lingual gyrus was effective as a neuroimaging biomarker to distinguish patients with MDD from healthy controls.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30600181)a Key Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province,China(2006C23030)
文摘Methylphenidate （MPH） is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain activation during specific cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, few studies have focused on spontaneous brain activity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of MPH on the intra-regional synchronization of spontaneous brain activity during the resting state in 18 normal adult males. A handedness questionnaire and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were applied before medication, and a resting-state fMRI scan was obtained 1 h after medication （20 mg MPH or placebo, order counterbalanced between participants）. We demonstrated that： （1） there were no significant differences in the performance of behavioral tasks between the MPH and placebo groups; （2） the left middle and superior temporal gyri had stronger MPH-related regional homogeneity （ReHo）; and （3） the left lingual gyrus had weaker MPH-related ReHo. Our findings showed that the ReHo in some brain areas changes with MPH compared to placebo in normal adults, even though there are no behavioral differences. This method can be applied to patients with mental illness who may be treated with MPH, and be used to compare the difference between patients taking MPH and normal participants, to help reveal the mechanism of how MPH works.
文摘Resting-state fMRI(rs-fMRI)has emerged as an alternative method to study brain function in human and animal models.In humans,it has been widely used to study psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,autism spectrum disorders,and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.In this review,rs-fMRI and its advantages over task based fMRI,its currently used analysis methods,and its application in psychiatric disorders using different analysis methods are discussed.Finally,several limitations and challenges of rs-fMRI applications are also discussed.
基金Supported by The 2024 Guizhou Provincial Health Commission Science and Technology Fund Project,No.gzwkj2024-47502022 Provincial Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project。
文摘BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD)is a significant mental health concern that often leads to recurrent depression in adulthood.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)offers unique insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this condition.However,despite previous research,the specific vulnerable brain regions affected in adolescent MDD patients have not been fully elucidated.AIM To identify consistent vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients using rs-fMRI and activation likelihood estimation(ALE)meta-analysis.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search through July 12,2023,for studies investigating brain functional changes in adolescent MDD patients.We utilized regional homogeneity(ReHo),amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)and fractional ALFF(fALFF)analyses.We compared the regions of aberrant spontaneous neural activity in adolescents with MDD vs healthy controls(HCs)using ALE.RESULTS Ten studies(369 adolescent MDD patients and 313 HCs)were included.Combining the ReHo and ALFF/fALFF data,the results revealed that the activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus was lower in the adolescent MDD patients than in the HCs(voxel size:648 mm3,P<0.05),and no brain region exhibited increased activity.Based on the ALFF data,we found decreased activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus in adolescent MDD patients(voxel size:736 mm3,P<0.05),with no regions exhibiting increased activity.CONCLUSION Through ALE meta-analysis,we consistently identified the right cuneus and left precuneus as vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients,increasing our understanding of the neuropathology of affected adolescents.
