[Objectives]The effects of stabilizers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,pectin,sodium alginate and xanthan gum on the stability of mango juice with skin were discussed using mango as the raw material.[Methods]Th...[Objectives]The effects of stabilizers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,pectin,sodium alginate and xanthan gum on the stability of mango juice with skin were discussed using mango as the raw material.[Methods]The formula and stability of mango beverage with skin were studied using mango juice with skin as the raw material.Four stabilizers,including pectin,sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,were added to improve the stability of the juice.Based on single factor experiments and a response surface experiment,the stability model of mango juice was established to determine the best compound stabilizer.[Results]According to an orthogonal experiment on the stability of mango juice with skin,the optimum technical parameters were as follows:sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.20%,xanthan gum 0.08%,sodium alginate 0.18%,and pectin 0.14%,with which the optimal suspension stability was 69.12%.The optimum technical parameters from the response surface experiment were as follows:sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.199%,pectin 0.1185%,sodium alginate 0.163%,and xanthan gum 0.077%,with which the suspension stability was 70.32%.It was found that the stability of mango juice with skin obtained by the response surface experiment was better than that by the orthogonal experiment,and the order of factors affecting the stability of mango was sodium alginate(C)>sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(A)>pectin(D)>xanthan gum(B).[Conclusions]The formula of compound stabilizer for mango juice was optimized by the orthogonal experiment and the response surface method,providing a theoretical basis for the actual production of mango juice with skin.展开更多
The decomposition of copper anode slime heated by microwave energy in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated. Leaching experiments were carried out in a multi-mode cavity with microwave assistance. The leaching proce...The decomposition of copper anode slime heated by microwave energy in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated. Leaching experiments were carried out in a multi-mode cavity with microwave assistance. The leaching process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology（RSM）. Under the optimized conditions, the leaching efficiencies of copper and tellurium were 99.56% ± 0.16% and 98.68% ± 0.12%, respectively. Meanwhile, a conventional leaching experiment was performed in order to evaluate the influence of microwave radiation. The mechanism of microwave-assisted leaching of copper anode slime was also investigated. In the results, the microwave technology is demonstrated to have a great potential to improve the leaching efficiency and reduce the leaching time. The enhanced recoveries of copper and tellurium are believed to result from the presence of a temperature gradient due to the shallow microwave penetration depth and the superheating at the solid-liquid interface.展开更多
In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization...In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization and modification of complexity structure without going back to CAD for reconstruction of geometric models or to finite element analysis（ FEA） for remodeling. Design of experiments（ DOE） and response surface method（ RSM） are applied to approximate the constitutive parameters of a machine gun system based on experimental tests. Further FEA,secondary development technique and genetic algorithm（ GA） are introduced to find all the optimal solutions in one go and the optimal design of the demonstrated machine gun system is obtained. Results of the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis and exterior ballistics calculation validate the proposed methodology,which is relatively time-saving,reliable and has the potential to solve similar problems.展开更多
Hydraulic electrostatic actuators have become a research hotspot for their inherent flexibility and safety of human-machine interaction.This paper aims to combine the characteristics of dielectric elastomers and fluid...Hydraulic electrostatic actuators have become a research hotspot for their inherent flexibility and safety of human-machine interaction.This paper aims to combine the characteristics of dielectric elastomers and fluid actuators,enhancing the dielectric constant and breakdown field strength by modifying Al_(2)O_(3)on the surface of nanostructured BaTiO3 and in order to develop a hydraulic electrostatic actuator with silicone rubber as the matrix material.Single-factor experiments were firstly conducted to confirm the range of three factors affecting the actuation strain of the actuator:BaTiO_(3)@Al_(2)O_(3)content,thickness of the silicone rubber elastomer film,and pre-stretching ratio coefficient.The response surface methodology was used to study the interactive influence of the above three influencing factors on the actuation strain.It was obtained that A has an insignificant influence on the actuation strain,AB has a significant influence on the actuation strain,and B,C,AC,and BC have a highly influence on the actuation strain.Maximizing actuation strain as the optimization objective yielded the combination results of each factor:BaTiO_(3)@Al_(2)O_(3)content of 2.57%,thickness of 0.60 mm,and pre-stretching ratio coefficient of 2.50.Actuation strain tests were conducted with optimized parameters under no-load.The experimental results of the actuation strain test show that the relative error between the test value and the model prediction value of 16.47%is less than 5%,and the optimization model results are reliable.The optimized hydraulic electrostatic actuator was tested for actuation strain and electrical performance under different loads.The experiment showed that the maximum actuation strain of the hydraulic electrostatic actuator was 17.20%under a load of 100 g.The critical breakdown current of the actuator ranged from 115μA to 130μA,and the maximum electromechanical conversion efficiency of the actuator under different loads was 67.93%.Finally,a joint actuating device was developed based on the structure of the actuator,amplifying the output displacement of the actuator to 30 mm,and the linear displacement of the soft electro-fluid actuator can be converted into a 20°rotation angle through the gear steering mechanism,thus validating the effectiveness of the hydraulic electrostatic actuator.展开更多
基金Supported by Doctoral Research Start-up Fund of Department of Science&Technology of Liaoning Province (2021-BS-250)Doctoral Research Start-up Fund of Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology (2307B16)College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology (202311430048).
文摘[Objectives]The effects of stabilizers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,pectin,sodium alginate and xanthan gum on the stability of mango juice with skin were discussed using mango as the raw material.[Methods]The formula and stability of mango beverage with skin were studied using mango juice with skin as the raw material.Four stabilizers,including pectin,sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,were added to improve the stability of the juice.Based on single factor experiments and a response surface experiment,the stability model of mango juice was established to determine the best compound stabilizer.[Results]According to an orthogonal experiment on the stability of mango juice with skin,the optimum technical parameters were as follows:sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.20%,xanthan gum 0.08%,sodium alginate 0.18%,and pectin 0.14%,with which the optimal suspension stability was 69.12%.The optimum technical parameters from the response surface experiment were as follows:sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.199%,pectin 0.1185%,sodium alginate 0.163%,and xanthan gum 0.077%,with which the suspension stability was 70.32%.It was found that the stability of mango juice with skin obtained by the response surface experiment was better than that by the orthogonal experiment,and the order of factors affecting the stability of mango was sodium alginate(C)>sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(A)>pectin(D)>xanthan gum(B).[Conclusions]The formula of compound stabilizer for mango juice was optimized by the orthogonal experiment and the response surface method,providing a theoretical basis for the actual production of mango juice with skin.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (No. 2012BAE06B05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. N130602004)
文摘The decomposition of copper anode slime heated by microwave energy in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated. Leaching experiments were carried out in a multi-mode cavity with microwave assistance. The leaching process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology（RSM）. Under the optimized conditions, the leaching efficiencies of copper and tellurium were 99.56% ± 0.16% and 98.68% ± 0.12%, respectively. Meanwhile, a conventional leaching experiment was performed in order to evaluate the influence of microwave radiation. The mechanism of microwave-assisted leaching of copper anode slime was also investigated. In the results, the microwave technology is demonstrated to have a great potential to improve the leaching efficiency and reduce the leaching time. The enhanced recoveries of copper and tellurium are believed to result from the presence of a temperature gradient due to the shallow microwave penetration depth and the superheating at the solid-liquid interface.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51376090,51676099)
文摘In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization and modification of complexity structure without going back to CAD for reconstruction of geometric models or to finite element analysis（ FEA） for remodeling. Design of experiments（ DOE） and response surface method（ RSM） are applied to approximate the constitutive parameters of a machine gun system based on experimental tests. Further FEA,secondary development technique and genetic algorithm（ GA） are introduced to find all the optimal solutions in one go and the optimal design of the demonstrated machine gun system is obtained. Results of the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis and exterior ballistics calculation validate the proposed methodology,which is relatively time-saving,reliable and has the potential to solve similar problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.52375293]the Open Fund of Laboratory of Aerospace Servo Actuation and Transmission[No.LASAT-2021-05]+1 种基金the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Small and Medium-sized UAVs[No.XCA22054-06]the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)[Nos.1005-ZAG23011,1005-IZD2400217].
文摘Hydraulic electrostatic actuators have become a research hotspot for their inherent flexibility and safety of human-machine interaction.This paper aims to combine the characteristics of dielectric elastomers and fluid actuators,enhancing the dielectric constant and breakdown field strength by modifying Al_(2)O_(3)on the surface of nanostructured BaTiO3 and in order to develop a hydraulic electrostatic actuator with silicone rubber as the matrix material.Single-factor experiments were firstly conducted to confirm the range of three factors affecting the actuation strain of the actuator:BaTiO_(3)@Al_(2)O_(3)content,thickness of the silicone rubber elastomer film,and pre-stretching ratio coefficient.The response surface methodology was used to study the interactive influence of the above three influencing factors on the actuation strain.It was obtained that A has an insignificant influence on the actuation strain,AB has a significant influence on the actuation strain,and B,C,AC,and BC have a highly influence on the actuation strain.Maximizing actuation strain as the optimization objective yielded the combination results of each factor:BaTiO_(3)@Al_(2)O_(3)content of 2.57%,thickness of 0.60 mm,and pre-stretching ratio coefficient of 2.50.Actuation strain tests were conducted with optimized parameters under no-load.The experimental results of the actuation strain test show that the relative error between the test value and the model prediction value of 16.47%is less than 5%,and the optimization model results are reliable.The optimized hydraulic electrostatic actuator was tested for actuation strain and electrical performance under different loads.The experiment showed that the maximum actuation strain of the hydraulic electrostatic actuator was 17.20%under a load of 100 g.The critical breakdown current of the actuator ranged from 115μA to 130μA,and the maximum electromechanical conversion efficiency of the actuator under different loads was 67.93%.Finally,a joint actuating device was developed based on the structure of the actuator,amplifying the output displacement of the actuator to 30 mm,and the linear displacement of the soft electro-fluid actuator can be converted into a 20°rotation angle through the gear steering mechanism,thus validating the effectiveness of the hydraulic electrostatic actuator.
