The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the rel...The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.展开更多
In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heati...In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heating time,microwave power,microwave heating time on the center temperature,moisture content,the chroma(C*),the total color difference(ΔE*),shape fidelity,hardness,and the total anthocyanin content of 3D printed raspberry preserves were analyzed by response surface method(RSM).The results showed that under combining with the two methods,infrared heating improved the fidelity and quality degradation of printed products,while microwave heating enhanced the efficiency of infrared heating.Infrared-microwave combination cooking could maintain relatively stable color appearance and shape of 3D printed raspberry preserves.The AHP–CRITIC hybrid weighting method combined with the response surface test to determine the comprehensive weights of the evaluation indicators optimized the process parameters,and the optimal process parameters were obtained:infrared heating temperature of 190℃,infrared heating time of 10 min and 30 s,microwave power of 300 W,and microwave heating time of 2 min and 6 s.The 3D printed raspberry cooking methods obtained under the optimal conditions seldom had color variation,porous structure,uniform texture,and high shape fidelity,which retained the characteristics of personalized manufacturing by 3D printing.This study could provide a reference for the postprocessing and quality control of 3D cooking methods.展开更多
This study employed the Box-Behnken design in response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize predistillation and pressurized distillation column parameters in methanol distillation.Statistical and fittinganalyses demons...This study employed the Box-Behnken design in response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize predistillation and pressurized distillation column parameters in methanol distillation.Statistical and fittinganalyses demonstrated the effects of operational parameters and their interactions on product purity and operating costs.Results showed that for methanol mass fraction in the product,the top distillate of the predistillation column(D_(1)),the interaction between D_(1) and the top distillate of the pressurized distillation column(D_(2)),and the interaction between the theoretical plates of the pressurized distillation column(N_(2))and its refluxratio(R_(2))significantlyaffected the outcome,in addition to pressurized distillation column parameters.Acetone mass fraction was mainly influencedby predistillation column parameters and their interactions,with minimal relation to the pressurized distillation column.Operating costs were primarily affected by the refluxratio(R),withdrawal(D)of both columns,and their interactions.Optimization strategies involved increasing theoretical plates and reducing refluxratios compared to the initial plan,achieving energy-saving and consumption-reduction goals.The process required the pressurized distillation column‘s methanol mass fraction to exceed 99.80%,acetone mass fraction below 2×10^(-8),and formaldehyde mass fraction below 5×10^(-9),with a feed rate of 6100 kg·h^(-1).Plans A,B,and C achieved energy-savings of 29.80%,21.78%,and 25.50%respectively,while ensuring separation efficiencyand product quality.This research provides theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing the methanol distillation process,helping to reduce energy consumption and production costs,thereby enhancing corporate competitiveness.展开更多
The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose sig...The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters.In this study,burnt coal cinder(BCC),granite powder(GP),and high-calcium fly ash(Class-C FA)were used as raw materials,and the response surface methodology(RSM)and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation.The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC,GP,and Class-C FA.The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid-solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222,respectively.The curing condition was set at 80℃ for 24 h.The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of61.34 MPa.The microstructure,mineral phase,and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal analysis(TA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA,followed by BCC.Furthermore,a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer.The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization,forming a hybrid N-(C)-A-S-H gel.RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes,ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler.This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications;it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy,resource transformation,and environmental conservation.展开更多
Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo developm...Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance.In this study,we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection.Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid,taurine,and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development,with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR.Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine,arginine,and tryptophan,we selected these three amino acids,using lysine as a standard,and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development.The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine(1.87 mmol/L),methionine(0.82 mmol/L),tryptophan(0.23 mmol/L),and arginine(3 mmol/L),with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60.In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion.Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation,as well as improving nutrient absorption.Furthermore,based on response surface methodology,400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system,substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate(NCG),a precursor of arginine.The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71%lysine,0.32%methionine,0.22%tryptophan,and 0.10%NCG for sows during early gestation.The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed,derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids,was found to be 1:0.45:0.13,which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization.Subsequently,we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size,live litter size and litter weight in sows.Conclusions In summary,we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation.This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows,providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.展开更多
The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical appr...The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical approaches like optimization tools like response surface methodology(RSM)and machine learning(ML)techniques.The goal of this paper is to provide a scientometric and systematic review of the application of RSM and ML applications in data-driven approaches such as optimizing,modeling,and predicting asphalt pavement performance to achieve sustainable asphalt pavements in support of numerous sustainable development goals(SDGs).These include Goals 9(sustainable infrastructure),11(urban resilience),12(sustainable construction strategies),13(climate action through optimized materials),and 17(multidisciplinary interaction).A thorough search of the ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023 yielded 1249 relevant records,with 125 studies closely examined.Over the last thirteen years,there has been significant research growth in RSM and ML applications,particularly in ML-based pavement optimization.The study shows that the topic has a global presence,with notable contributions from Asia,North America,Europe,and other continents.Researchers have concentrated on utilizing sophisticated ML models such as support vector machines(SVM),artificial neural networks(ANN),and Bayesian networks for prediction.Also,the integration of RSM and ML provides a faster and more efficient method for analyzing large datasets to optimize asphalt pavement performance variables.Key contributors include the United States,China,and Malaysia,with global efforts focused on sustainable materials and approaches to reduce impact on the environment.Furthermore,the review demonstrates the integrated use of RSM and ML as transformative tools for improving sustainability,which contributes significantly to SDGs 9,11,12,13,and 17.Providing valuable insights for future research and guiding decision-making for soft computing applications for asphalt pavement projects.展开更多
Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by inco...Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by incorporating ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber and sulfoaluminate cement(SAC).The mix ratio was optimized using response surface methodology(RSM).Experimental testing of EDGC under compressive and tensile loads led to the creation of a regression model that investigates the influence of variables and their interactions on the material’s compressive and tensile strengths.Additionally,microscopic morphology and hydration product composition were analyzed to explore the influence mechanism.The results indicated that EDGC’s compressive strength increased by up to 38.4%owing to a decreased water-binder ratio and higher SAC content.Similarly,tensile strength increased by up to 38.6%owing to increased SAC and fiber content.Moreover,EDGC demonstrated excellent strain-hardening behavior and multiple cracking characteristics,achieving a maximum tensile strain of nearly 3%.The research findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance of desulfurization gypsum.展开更多
Safety,high protein content,and the numerous health benefits make Spirulina an outstanding source of bioactive peptides.Peptides from Spirulina,which exhibit antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antihypertensive effects,...Safety,high protein content,and the numerous health benefits make Spirulina an outstanding source of bioactive peptides.Peptides from Spirulina,which exhibit antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antihypertensive effects,may assist in the management of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Here,we present the optimization of enzyme-digested hydrolysates derived from Spirulina sp.by using response surface methodology(RSM).We also evaluated the biological activity of Spirulina protein hydrolysates(SPHs)in contributing to the amelioration of hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases.Our findings suggest that Spirulina protein extracts contain a complex proteinaceous composition with phycocyanin being the dominant protein,as evidenced by both SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS profiling.Alkaline protease,protease K,andα-chymotrypsin exhibited a substantial hydrolytic effect on Spirulina protein,taking into account their degree of hydrolysis(DH),peptide yield,and molecular weight distribution.Single-factor experiments identified pH,temperature,and enzyme/substrate ratio as the key factors influencing DH.Moreover,optimal hydrolysis conditions for the proteases were determined via RSM,leading to a considerable enhancement of the actual DH.Bioassays showed that SPHs have strong antioxidant activity against various free radicals,with a higher ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals.Furthermore,SPHs inhibited macrophage nitric oxide secretion and significantly inhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme in vitro at 400μg/mL.It is worth noting that SPHs prepared with protease K exhibited a potent anti-hypertensive effect in vivo.The findings indicate the potential usefulness of including dietary SPHs in preventing hypertension and associated CVDs.This research could be valuable in guiding the development of health-promoting foods within the Spirulina industry.展开更多
In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RS...In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RSM)was employed to quantify the effects of independent variables,including flocculant dosage,defoamer dosage,and muck drying mass(MDM)and their interactions on defoaming-flocculation-dewatering indices.The polymeric aluminum chloride(PACL)and hydroxy silicone oil-glycerol polypropylene ether(H-G)were selected as the flocculant and defoamer.The contents of surfactants and foam stabilizers in residual foaming agents were determined using the proposed empirical equation.The defoaming ratio,antifoaming ratio,turbidity,moisture content,filtration loss ratio,and fall cone penetration depth were considered as dependent variables.The accuracy of developed RSM models was verified by the analysis results of variance,residuals,and paired t-test.Combined with the desirability approach,an optimal mixing ratio of 0.078 wt%PACL,0.016 wt%H-G,and 27.882 wt%MDM was recommended,leading to a defoaming ratio of 98.34 vol%for residual foams and a moisture content of 56.72 wt%for pressure-filtration cakes.Our findings were demonstrated to be able to provide useful guidance for prediction and optimization of the in situ recycling indicators of EPB shield waste muck in metro tunnel construction sites.展开更多
To solve the problems of deformation,micro-cracks,and residual tensile stress in laser cladding coatings,the technique of laser cladding with Fe-based memory alloy can be considered.However,the process of in-situ synt...To solve the problems of deformation,micro-cracks,and residual tensile stress in laser cladding coatings,the technique of laser cladding with Fe-based memory alloy can be considered.However,the process of in-situ synthesis of Fe-based memory alloy coatings is extremely complex.At present,there is no clear guidance scheme for its preparation process,which limits its promotion and application to some extent.Therefore,in this study,response surface methodology(RSM)was used to model the response surface between the target values and the cladding process parameters.The NSGA-2 algorithm was employed to optimize the process parameters.The results indicate that the composite optimization method consisting of RSM and the NSGA-2 algorithm can establish a more accurate model,with an error of less than 4.5%between the predicted and actual values.Based on this established model,the optimal scheme for process parameters corresponding to different target results can be rapidly obtained.The prepared coating exhibits a uniform structure,with no defects such as pores,cracks,and deformation.The surface roughness and microhardness of the coating are enhanced,the shaping quality of the coating is effectively improved,and the electrochemical corrosion performance of the coating in 3.5%NaCl solution is obviously better than that of the substrate,providing an important guide for engineering applications.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the m...The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA_(3)), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA_(3) at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface methodology clarified the sensitivity of the proliferation rate of lateral buds to the three factors, with 6-BA being the most influential, followed by GA_(3) and NAA. The increase in leaf area was most significantly influenced by NAA, then GA_(3), and least by 6-BA, while the increase in plant height was most responsive to GA_(3), followed by 6-BA, and then NAA. The ideal concentrations of plant growth regulators were established as 6-BA at 43 mg/L, GA_(3) at 169 mg/L, and NAA at 36 mg/L. Under these conditions, the lateral bud number per plant was 2.78, with a leaf area increment of 2.87 cm2 and a plant height increment of 2.67 cm.展开更多
Background:Polygonati cyrtonema Hua(PC)has many pharmacological effects such as immune regulation,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,anti-oxidation and anti-tumor.Oligosaccharide is one of the main active components of P...Background:Polygonati cyrtonema Hua(PC)has many pharmacological effects such as immune regulation,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,anti-oxidation and anti-tumor.Oligosaccharide is one of the main active components of PC.At present,the research on Polygonatum cyrtonema oligosaccharides(PCOS)is not deep,and there is a lack of systematic research on the optimization of extraction process of pcos and the change of pcos and Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide content before and after wine steaming.Methods:The optimum extraction process of oligosaccharides from PC was optimized,and the content of oligosaccharides before and after wine steaming of PC was investigated.The single factor experiment was carried out with the ratio of liquid to material,extraction temperature and extraction time as the investigation factors.The extraction process of PCOS was optimized by Box Behnken design-response surface methodology,and the changes of total oligosaccharides and total polysaccharides before and after wine steaming were studied.Results:The optimal extraction process for the PCOS was 32:1 mL/g,85℃,and 1.5 h.The total PCOS decreased slightly after steaming,but the percentage of the total sugar increased.Conclusion:The extraction process of PCOS optimized by response surface method is reasonable and feasible.The changes of total oligosaccharides and total polysaccharides during the steaming process of PC can reveal the processing mechanism of PC to a certain extent,and provide scientific basis and technical support for better in-depth excavation and development and utilization of PCOS.展开更多
A response surface method was utilized for the finite element model updating of a cable-stayed bridge in this paper to establish a baseline finite element model(FEM)that accurately reflects the characteristics of the ...A response surface method was utilized for the finite element model updating of a cable-stayed bridge in this paper to establish a baseline finite element model(FEM)that accurately reflects the characteristics of the actual bridge structure.Firstly,an initial FEM was established by the large-scale finite element software ANSYS,and the modal analysis was carried out on the dynamic response measured by the actual bridge structural health monitoring system.The initial error was obtained by comparing the dynamic characteristics of the measured data with those of the initial finite element model.Then,the second-order complete polynomial was selected to construct the response surface model;the corrected parameters were chosen using the sensitivity method.The response surface model(RSM)was fitted under the test cases designed using the central composite design method.After constructing the objective function,the RSMwas optimized and iterated by the sequential quadratic programmingmethod to obtain the corrected FEM.Finally,the dynamic characteristics of the modified FEM were compared with those of the actual bridge to get the final error.The results show that the modified FEM simulates the dynamic characteristics of the actual cable-stayed bridges more accurately.展开更多
[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key ...[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key factors, including crystallization temperature, stirring speed, solvent drop rate, and seed crystal content, were employed as independent variables, while the crystallization rate served as the response variable. The Box-Behnken response surface method was utilized for the optimization design. [Results] The optimal parameters for the crystallization process, determined through optimization, were as follows: a temperature of 10.6 ℃, a stirring rate of 150 rpm, a solvent drop rate of 1.50 mL/min, and a seed crystal content of 0.12 g. Validation tests conducted under these conditions yielded an average crystallization rate of 94.38% for the refined product. [Conclusions] The crystallization efficiency of ceftriaxone sodium is markedly enhanced, thereby offering substantial support for its industrial production and clinical application.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the poor water-holding capacity(WHC)and high syneresis rate of fermented soy milk by optimizing fermentation process conditions.[Methods]Based on the results of single f...[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the poor water-holding capacity(WHC)and high syneresis rate of fermented soy milk by optimizing fermentation process conditions.[Methods]Based on the results of single factor experiments,response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation temperature,fermentation time,and starter culture addition for enhancing WHC.The physicochemical properties of fermented soybean milk were analyzed.[Results]The optimal process parameters were determined as follows:fermentation temperature 36℃,fermentation time 8 h,and starter culture addition 5%.Under these conditions,WHC reached(77.18±0.08)%,which was consistent with the theoretical prediction value of(76.75±0.15)%.During fermentation,the pH decreased from(6.6±0.11)to(4.65±0.09),while acidity increased from(16.5±0.04)°T to(81.5±0.08)°T.The viable cell count rose from 1×10^(7)to 29×10^(7)cfu/ml,and WHC was improved significantly from(10.50±0.18)%to(77.40±0.13)%.[Conclusions]This study optimized the fermentation process parameters and revealed physicochemical characteristic changes during soybean milk fermentation,providing a theoretical foundation for industrial production.展开更多
The reduction roasting processes for low-grade pyrolusite using bagasse as the reducing agent was statistically analyzed. The central composite rotatable design （CCD） was used to optimize this reduction roasting pro...The reduction roasting processes for low-grade pyrolusite using bagasse as the reducing agent was statistically analyzed. The central composite rotatable design （CCD） was used to optimize this reduction roasting processes. The three process parameters studied were the mass ratio of bagasse to ore, the roasting temperature and the roasting time. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to analyze the experimental results. The interactions between the process parameters were done by using the linear and quadratic model. The results revealed that the linear and quadratic effects as well as the interaction are statistically significant for the mass ratio and roasting temperature but insignificant for the roasting time. The optimal conditions of 0.9：10 of mass ratio, the roasting temperature of 450 ~C, the roasting time of 30 min were obtained. Under these conditions, the predicted leaching recovery rate for manganese was 98.1%. And the satisfied experimental result of 98.2% confirmed the validity of the model.展开更多
Parameters of technique to prepare vanadium pentoxide by calcination from ammonium metavanadate were optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. A quadratic equation model for decompositi...Parameters of technique to prepare vanadium pentoxide by calcination from ammonium metavanadate were optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. A quadratic equation model for decomposition rate was built and effects of main factors and their corresponding relationships were obtained. The results of the statistical analysis show that the decomposition rate of ammonium metavanadate is significantly affected by calcination temperature and calcination time. The optimized calcination conditions are as follows： calcination temperature 669.71 K, calcination time 35.9 min and sample mass 4.25 g. The decomposition rate of ammonium metavanadate is 99.71%,which coincides well with experimental value of 99.27% under the optimized conditions, suggesting that regressive equation fits the decomposition rates perfectly. XRD reveals that it is feasible to prepare the V2O5 by calcination from ammonium metavanadate using response surface methodology.展开更多
Microwave was applied to roasting the zinc oxide fume obtained from fuming furnace for the removal of F and Cl. The effects of important parameters, such as roasting temperature, holding time and stirring speed, were ...Microwave was applied to roasting the zinc oxide fume obtained from fuming furnace for the removal of F and Cl. The effects of important parameters, such as roasting temperature, holding time and stirring speed, were investigated and the process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The results show that the effects of roasting temperature and holding time on the removal rate of F and Cl are the most significant, and the effect of stirring speed is the second. The defluorination rate reaches 92.6% while the dechlorination rate reaches 90.2%, under the process conditions of roasting temperature of 700 °C, holding time of 80 min and stirring speed of 120 r/min. The results indicate that the removal of F and Cl from fuming furnace production of zinc oxide fumes using microwave roasting process is feasible and reliable.展开更多
Identifying suitable processing window is necessary but difficult for achieving favorable microstructure and performance in extrusion of large thick-walled pipe with difficult-to-deform Inconel 625 alloy. In this work...Identifying suitable processing window is necessary but difficult for achieving favorable microstructure and performance in extrusion of large thick-walled pipe with difficult-to-deform Inconel 625 alloy. In this work, a method was established for identifying the extrusion process window considering temperature control using response surface methodology. Firstly, the response surface models, which correlate temperature rise and peak temperature to key extrusion parameters, have been developed by orthogonal regression based on finite element calculated data. Secondly, the coupled effects of the key extrusion parameters on the temperature rise and peak temperature have been disclosed based on the regression models. Lastly, suitable extrusion processing windows, which are described by contour map of peak temperature in the space of extrusion speed and initial billet temperature, have been established for different extrusion ratios. Using the identified process window, a suitable combination of the key extrusion parameters can be determined conveniently and quickly.展开更多
An effective optimization method for the shape/sizing design of composite wing structures is presented with satisfying weight-cutting results. After decoupling, a kind of two-layer cycled optimization strategy suitabl...An effective optimization method for the shape/sizing design of composite wing structures is presented with satisfying weight-cutting results. After decoupling, a kind of two-layer cycled optimization strategy suitable for these integrated shape/sizing optimization is obtained. The uniform design method is used to provide sample points, and approximation models for shape design variables. And the results of sizing optimization are construct- ed with the quadratic response surface method （QRSM）. The complex method based on QRSM is used to opti- mize the shape design variables and the criteria method is adopted to optimize the sizing design variables. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed algorithm is more effective and feasible for solving complex composite optimization problems and has good efficiency in weight cutting.展开更多
基金supported by the Education and Teaching Research Project of Universities in Fujian Province(FBJY20230167).
文摘The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072352)。
文摘In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heating time,microwave power,microwave heating time on the center temperature,moisture content,the chroma(C*),the total color difference(ΔE*),shape fidelity,hardness,and the total anthocyanin content of 3D printed raspberry preserves were analyzed by response surface method(RSM).The results showed that under combining with the two methods,infrared heating improved the fidelity and quality degradation of printed products,while microwave heating enhanced the efficiency of infrared heating.Infrared-microwave combination cooking could maintain relatively stable color appearance and shape of 3D printed raspberry preserves.The AHP–CRITIC hybrid weighting method combined with the response surface test to determine the comprehensive weights of the evaluation indicators optimized the process parameters,and the optimal process parameters were obtained:infrared heating temperature of 190℃,infrared heating time of 10 min and 30 s,microwave power of 300 W,and microwave heating time of 2 min and 6 s.The 3D printed raspberry cooking methods obtained under the optimal conditions seldom had color variation,porous structure,uniform texture,and high shape fidelity,which retained the characteristics of personalized manufacturing by 3D printing.This study could provide a reference for the postprocessing and quality control of 3D cooking methods.
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2106300)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(U2267226).
文摘This study employed the Box-Behnken design in response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize predistillation and pressurized distillation column parameters in methanol distillation.Statistical and fittinganalyses demonstrated the effects of operational parameters and their interactions on product purity and operating costs.Results showed that for methanol mass fraction in the product,the top distillate of the predistillation column(D_(1)),the interaction between D_(1) and the top distillate of the pressurized distillation column(D_(2)),and the interaction between the theoretical plates of the pressurized distillation column(N_(2))and its refluxratio(R_(2))significantlyaffected the outcome,in addition to pressurized distillation column parameters.Acetone mass fraction was mainly influencedby predistillation column parameters and their interactions,with minimal relation to the pressurized distillation column.Operating costs were primarily affected by the refluxratio(R),withdrawal(D)of both columns,and their interactions.Optimization strategies involved increasing theoretical plates and reducing refluxratios compared to the initial plan,achieving energy-saving and consumption-reduction goals.The process required the pressurized distillation column‘s methanol mass fraction to exceed 99.80%,acetone mass fraction below 2×10^(-8),and formaldehyde mass fraction below 5×10^(-9),with a feed rate of 6100 kg·h^(-1).Plans A,B,and C achieved energy-savings of 29.80%,21.78%,and 25.50%respectively,while ensuring separation efficiencyand product quality.This research provides theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing the methanol distillation process,helping to reduce energy consumption and production costs,thereby enhancing corporate competitiveness.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.104972025RSCrc0005)the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co.,LTD,China(No.yc-whlg-2023ky-03)。
文摘The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters.In this study,burnt coal cinder(BCC),granite powder(GP),and high-calcium fly ash(Class-C FA)were used as raw materials,and the response surface methodology(RSM)and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation.The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC,GP,and Class-C FA.The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid-solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222,respectively.The curing condition was set at 80℃ for 24 h.The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of61.34 MPa.The microstructure,mineral phase,and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal analysis(TA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA,followed by BCC.Furthermore,a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer.The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization,forming a hybrid N-(C)-A-S-H gel.RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes,ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler.This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications;it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy,resource transformation,and environmental conservation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172747 and 32425052)
文摘Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance.In this study,we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection.Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid,taurine,and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development,with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR.Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine,arginine,and tryptophan,we selected these three amino acids,using lysine as a standard,and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development.The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine(1.87 mmol/L),methionine(0.82 mmol/L),tryptophan(0.23 mmol/L),and arginine(3 mmol/L),with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60.In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion.Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation,as well as improving nutrient absorption.Furthermore,based on response surface methodology,400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system,substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate(NCG),a precursor of arginine.The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71%lysine,0.32%methionine,0.22%tryptophan,and 0.10%NCG for sows during early gestation.The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed,derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids,was found to be 1:0.45:0.13,which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization.Subsequently,we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size,live litter size and litter weight in sows.Conclusions In summary,we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation.This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows,providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.
文摘The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical approaches like optimization tools like response surface methodology(RSM)and machine learning(ML)techniques.The goal of this paper is to provide a scientometric and systematic review of the application of RSM and ML applications in data-driven approaches such as optimizing,modeling,and predicting asphalt pavement performance to achieve sustainable asphalt pavements in support of numerous sustainable development goals(SDGs).These include Goals 9(sustainable infrastructure),11(urban resilience),12(sustainable construction strategies),13(climate action through optimized materials),and 17(multidisciplinary interaction).A thorough search of the ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023 yielded 1249 relevant records,with 125 studies closely examined.Over the last thirteen years,there has been significant research growth in RSM and ML applications,particularly in ML-based pavement optimization.The study shows that the topic has a global presence,with notable contributions from Asia,North America,Europe,and other continents.Researchers have concentrated on utilizing sophisticated ML models such as support vector machines(SVM),artificial neural networks(ANN),and Bayesian networks for prediction.Also,the integration of RSM and ML provides a faster and more efficient method for analyzing large datasets to optimize asphalt pavement performance variables.Key contributors include the United States,China,and Malaysia,with global efforts focused on sustainable materials and approaches to reduce impact on the environment.Furthermore,the review demonstrates the integrated use of RSM and ML as transformative tools for improving sustainability,which contributes significantly to SDGs 9,11,12,13,and 17.Providing valuable insights for future research and guiding decision-making for soft computing applications for asphalt pavement projects.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978504).
文摘Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by incorporating ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber and sulfoaluminate cement(SAC).The mix ratio was optimized using response surface methodology(RSM).Experimental testing of EDGC under compressive and tensile loads led to the creation of a regression model that investigates the influence of variables and their interactions on the material’s compressive and tensile strengths.Additionally,microscopic morphology and hydration product composition were analyzed to explore the influence mechanism.The results indicated that EDGC’s compressive strength increased by up to 38.4%owing to a decreased water-binder ratio and higher SAC content.Similarly,tensile strength increased by up to 38.6%owing to increased SAC and fiber content.Moreover,EDGC demonstrated excellent strain-hardening behavior and multiple cracking characteristics,achieving a maximum tensile strain of nearly 3%.The research findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance of desulfurization gypsum.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province(Nos.2023T3034,2020N3011)the Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and DevelopmentChinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Safety,high protein content,and the numerous health benefits make Spirulina an outstanding source of bioactive peptides.Peptides from Spirulina,which exhibit antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antihypertensive effects,may assist in the management of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Here,we present the optimization of enzyme-digested hydrolysates derived from Spirulina sp.by using response surface methodology(RSM).We also evaluated the biological activity of Spirulina protein hydrolysates(SPHs)in contributing to the amelioration of hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases.Our findings suggest that Spirulina protein extracts contain a complex proteinaceous composition with phycocyanin being the dominant protein,as evidenced by both SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS profiling.Alkaline protease,protease K,andα-chymotrypsin exhibited a substantial hydrolytic effect on Spirulina protein,taking into account their degree of hydrolysis(DH),peptide yield,and molecular weight distribution.Single-factor experiments identified pH,temperature,and enzyme/substrate ratio as the key factors influencing DH.Moreover,optimal hydrolysis conditions for the proteases were determined via RSM,leading to a considerable enhancement of the actual DH.Bioassays showed that SPHs have strong antioxidant activity against various free radicals,with a higher ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals.Furthermore,SPHs inhibited macrophage nitric oxide secretion and significantly inhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme in vitro at 400μg/mL.It is worth noting that SPHs prepared with protease K exhibited a potent anti-hypertensive effect in vivo.The findings indicate the potential usefulness of including dietary SPHs in preventing hypertension and associated CVDs.This research could be valuable in guiding the development of health-promoting foods within the Spirulina industry.
基金supported by the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China(Grant No.00389335)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52378392)the“Foal Eagle Program”Youth Top-notch Talent Project of Fujian Province(Grant No.00387088).
文摘In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RSM)was employed to quantify the effects of independent variables,including flocculant dosage,defoamer dosage,and muck drying mass(MDM)and their interactions on defoaming-flocculation-dewatering indices.The polymeric aluminum chloride(PACL)and hydroxy silicone oil-glycerol polypropylene ether(H-G)were selected as the flocculant and defoamer.The contents of surfactants and foam stabilizers in residual foaming agents were determined using the proposed empirical equation.The defoaming ratio,antifoaming ratio,turbidity,moisture content,filtration loss ratio,and fall cone penetration depth were considered as dependent variables.The accuracy of developed RSM models was verified by the analysis results of variance,residuals,and paired t-test.Combined with the desirability approach,an optimal mixing ratio of 0.078 wt%PACL,0.016 wt%H-G,and 27.882 wt%MDM was recommended,leading to a defoaming ratio of 98.34 vol%for residual foams and a moisture content of 56.72 wt%for pressure-filtration cakes.Our findings were demonstrated to be able to provide useful guidance for prediction and optimization of the in situ recycling indicators of EPB shield waste muck in metro tunnel construction sites.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Youth Project(51801076)the Provincial Colleges and Universities Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province(18KJB430009)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Support Project of Jiangsu Province(1601055C)the Senior Talents Research Startup of Jiangsu University(14JDG126)。
文摘To solve the problems of deformation,micro-cracks,and residual tensile stress in laser cladding coatings,the technique of laser cladding with Fe-based memory alloy can be considered.However,the process of in-situ synthesis of Fe-based memory alloy coatings is extremely complex.At present,there is no clear guidance scheme for its preparation process,which limits its promotion and application to some extent.Therefore,in this study,response surface methodology(RSM)was used to model the response surface between the target values and the cladding process parameters.The NSGA-2 algorithm was employed to optimize the process parameters.The results indicate that the composite optimization method consisting of RSM and the NSGA-2 algorithm can establish a more accurate model,with an error of less than 4.5%between the predicted and actual values.Based on this established model,the optimal scheme for process parameters corresponding to different target results can be rapidly obtained.The prepared coating exhibits a uniform structure,with no defects such as pores,cracks,and deformation.The surface roughness and microhardness of the coating are enhanced,the shaping quality of the coating is effectively improved,and the electrochemical corrosion performance of the coating in 3.5%NaCl solution is obviously better than that of the substrate,providing an important guide for engineering applications.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program“Research on Synergistic Relationship and Reintroduction Technology of C.tortisepalum var.longibracteatum and Endophytic Mycorrhizal Fungi in Eastern Sichuan”(2017JY0132)Longshan Academic Talent Research Supporting Program of SWUST(17LZX521,18LZX522).
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA_(3)), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA_(3) at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface methodology clarified the sensitivity of the proliferation rate of lateral buds to the three factors, with 6-BA being the most influential, followed by GA_(3) and NAA. The increase in leaf area was most significantly influenced by NAA, then GA_(3), and least by 6-BA, while the increase in plant height was most responsive to GA_(3), followed by 6-BA, and then NAA. The ideal concentrations of plant growth regulators were established as 6-BA at 43 mg/L, GA_(3) at 169 mg/L, and NAA at 36 mg/L. Under these conditions, the lateral bud number per plant was 2.78, with a leaf area increment of 2.87 cm2 and a plant height increment of 2.67 cm.
基金sponsored by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3504200)High Level Key Discipline Construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Program(Grant No.zyyzdxk-2023272).
文摘Background:Polygonati cyrtonema Hua(PC)has many pharmacological effects such as immune regulation,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,anti-oxidation and anti-tumor.Oligosaccharide is one of the main active components of PC.At present,the research on Polygonatum cyrtonema oligosaccharides(PCOS)is not deep,and there is a lack of systematic research on the optimization of extraction process of pcos and the change of pcos and Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide content before and after wine steaming.Methods:The optimum extraction process of oligosaccharides from PC was optimized,and the content of oligosaccharides before and after wine steaming of PC was investigated.The single factor experiment was carried out with the ratio of liquid to material,extraction temperature and extraction time as the investigation factors.The extraction process of PCOS was optimized by Box Behnken design-response surface methodology,and the changes of total oligosaccharides and total polysaccharides before and after wine steaming were studied.Results:The optimal extraction process for the PCOS was 32:1 mL/g,85℃,and 1.5 h.The total PCOS decreased slightly after steaming,but the percentage of the total sugar increased.Conclusion:The extraction process of PCOS optimized by response surface method is reasonable and feasible.The changes of total oligosaccharides and total polysaccharides during the steaming process of PC can reveal the processing mechanism of PC to a certain extent,and provide scientific basis and technical support for better in-depth excavation and development and utilization of PCOS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)(Grant no.12272148).
文摘A response surface method was utilized for the finite element model updating of a cable-stayed bridge in this paper to establish a baseline finite element model(FEM)that accurately reflects the characteristics of the actual bridge structure.Firstly,an initial FEM was established by the large-scale finite element software ANSYS,and the modal analysis was carried out on the dynamic response measured by the actual bridge structural health monitoring system.The initial error was obtained by comparing the dynamic characteristics of the measured data with those of the initial finite element model.Then,the second-order complete polynomial was selected to construct the response surface model;the corrected parameters were chosen using the sensitivity method.The response surface model(RSM)was fitted under the test cases designed using the central composite design method.After constructing the objective function,the RSMwas optimized and iterated by the sequential quadratic programmingmethod to obtain the corrected FEM.Finally,the dynamic characteristics of the modified FEM were compared with those of the actual bridge to get the final error.The results show that the modified FEM simulates the dynamic characteristics of the actual cable-stayed bridges more accurately.
基金Supported by Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funds(ZY20230102)Guilin Scientific Research and Technology Development Programme Project(2023010301-1,20220104-4)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Programme Project(GK AB24010263)Guangxi Innovation Driving Development Special Funds Project(GK AA22096020).
文摘[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key factors, including crystallization temperature, stirring speed, solvent drop rate, and seed crystal content, were employed as independent variables, while the crystallization rate served as the response variable. The Box-Behnken response surface method was utilized for the optimization design. [Results] The optimal parameters for the crystallization process, determined through optimization, were as follows: a temperature of 10.6 ℃, a stirring rate of 150 rpm, a solvent drop rate of 1.50 mL/min, and a seed crystal content of 0.12 g. Validation tests conducted under these conditions yielded an average crystallization rate of 94.38% for the refined product. [Conclusions] The crystallization efficiency of ceftriaxone sodium is markedly enhanced, thereby offering substantial support for its industrial production and clinical application.
基金Supported by Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Shaoyang University(CX2023SY026)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ50232)Horizontal Scientific Research Project of Shaoyang University(2023HX43).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the poor water-holding capacity(WHC)and high syneresis rate of fermented soy milk by optimizing fermentation process conditions.[Methods]Based on the results of single factor experiments,response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation temperature,fermentation time,and starter culture addition for enhancing WHC.The physicochemical properties of fermented soybean milk were analyzed.[Results]The optimal process parameters were determined as follows:fermentation temperature 36℃,fermentation time 8 h,and starter culture addition 5%.Under these conditions,WHC reached(77.18±0.08)%,which was consistent with the theoretical prediction value of(76.75±0.15)%.During fermentation,the pH decreased from(6.6±0.11)to(4.65±0.09),while acidity increased from(16.5±0.04)°T to(81.5±0.08)°T.The viable cell count rose from 1×10^(7)to 29×10^(7)cfu/ml,and WHC was improved significantly from(10.50±0.18)%to(77.40±0.13)%.[Conclusions]This study optimized the fermentation process parameters and revealed physicochemical characteristic changes during soybean milk fermentation,providing a theoretical foundation for industrial production.
基金Projects (20866001, 21166003, 51164002) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (20114501110004)supported by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘The reduction roasting processes for low-grade pyrolusite using bagasse as the reducing agent was statistically analyzed. The central composite rotatable design （CCD） was used to optimize this reduction roasting processes. The three process parameters studied were the mass ratio of bagasse to ore, the roasting temperature and the roasting time. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to analyze the experimental results. The interactions between the process parameters were done by using the linear and quadratic model. The results revealed that the linear and quadratic effects as well as the interaction are statistically significant for the mass ratio and roasting temperature but insignificant for the roasting time. The optimal conditions of 0.9：10 of mass ratio, the roasting temperature of 450 ~C, the roasting time of 30 min were obtained. Under these conditions, the predicted leaching recovery rate for manganese was 98.1%. And the satisfied experimental result of 98.2% confirmed the validity of the model.
基金Project (50734007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2007GA002) supported by Science and Technology Planning of Yunnan Province, ChinaProject (2008-16) supported by Analysis and Testing Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
文摘Parameters of technique to prepare vanadium pentoxide by calcination from ammonium metavanadate were optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. A quadratic equation model for decomposition rate was built and effects of main factors and their corresponding relationships were obtained. The results of the statistical analysis show that the decomposition rate of ammonium metavanadate is significantly affected by calcination temperature and calcination time. The optimized calcination conditions are as follows： calcination temperature 669.71 K, calcination time 35.9 min and sample mass 4.25 g. The decomposition rate of ammonium metavanadate is 99.71%,which coincides well with experimental value of 99.27% under the optimized conditions, suggesting that regressive equation fits the decomposition rates perfectly. XRD reveals that it is feasible to prepare the V2O5 by calcination from ammonium metavanadate using response surface methodology.
基金Project(51104073)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013AA064003)supported by the High-tech Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金Project(2014CB643404)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2012HB008)supported by Yunnan Province Young Academic Technology Leader Reserve Talents,China
文摘Microwave was applied to roasting the zinc oxide fume obtained from fuming furnace for the removal of F and Cl. The effects of important parameters, such as roasting temperature, holding time and stirring speed, were investigated and the process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The results show that the effects of roasting temperature and holding time on the removal rate of F and Cl are the most significant, and the effect of stirring speed is the second. The defluorination rate reaches 92.6% while the dechlorination rate reaches 90.2%, under the process conditions of roasting temperature of 700 °C, holding time of 80 min and stirring speed of 120 r/min. The results indicate that the removal of F and Cl from fuming furnace production of zinc oxide fumes using microwave roasting process is feasible and reliable.
基金Project(2009ZX04005-031-11)supported by the Major National Science and Technology Special Project of ChinaProject(318968)supported by the Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme(IRSES,Mat Pro Future)within the 7th EC Framework Program(FP7)Project(B08040)supported by the 111 Plan,China
文摘Identifying suitable processing window is necessary but difficult for achieving favorable microstructure and performance in extrusion of large thick-walled pipe with difficult-to-deform Inconel 625 alloy. In this work, a method was established for identifying the extrusion process window considering temperature control using response surface methodology. Firstly, the response surface models, which correlate temperature rise and peak temperature to key extrusion parameters, have been developed by orthogonal regression based on finite element calculated data. Secondly, the coupled effects of the key extrusion parameters on the temperature rise and peak temperature have been disclosed based on the regression models. Lastly, suitable extrusion processing windows, which are described by contour map of peak temperature in the space of extrusion speed and initial billet temperature, have been established for different extrusion ratios. Using the identified process window, a suitable combination of the key extrusion parameters can be determined conveniently and quickly.
文摘An effective optimization method for the shape/sizing design of composite wing structures is presented with satisfying weight-cutting results. After decoupling, a kind of two-layer cycled optimization strategy suitable for these integrated shape/sizing optimization is obtained. The uniform design method is used to provide sample points, and approximation models for shape design variables. And the results of sizing optimization are construct- ed with the quadratic response surface method （QRSM）. The complex method based on QRSM is used to opti- mize the shape design variables and the criteria method is adopted to optimize the sizing design variables. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed algorithm is more effective and feasible for solving complex composite optimization problems and has good efficiency in weight cutting.
