Gas flexible pipes are critical multi-layered equipment for offshore oil and gas development.Under high pressure conditions,small molecular components of natural gas dissolve into the polymer inner liner of the flexib...Gas flexible pipes are critical multi-layered equipment for offshore oil and gas development.Under high pressure conditions,small molecular components of natural gas dissolve into the polymer inner liner of the flexible pipes and further diffuse into the annular space,incurring annular pressure build-up and/or production of acidic environment,which poses serious challenges to the structure and integrity of the flexible pipes.Gas permeation in pipes is a complex phenomenon governed by various factors such as internal pressure and temperature,annular structure,external temperature.In a long-distance gas flexible pipe,moreover,gas permeation exhibits non-uniform features,and the gas permeated into the annular space flows along the metal gap.To assess the complex gas transport behavior in long-distance gas flexible pipes,a mathematical model is established in this paper considering the multiphase flow phenomena inside the flexible pipes,the diffusion of gas in the inner liner,and the gas seepage in the annular space under varying permeable properties of the annulus.In addition,the effect of a variable temperature is accounted.A numerical calculation method is accordingly constructed to solve the coupling mathematical equations.The annular permeability was shown to significantly influence the distribution of annular pressure.As permeability increases,the annular pressure tends to become more uniform,and the annular pressure at the wellhead rises more rapidly.After annular pressure relief followed by shut-in,the pressure increase follows a convex function.By simulating the pressure recovery pattern after pressure relief and comparing it with test results,we deduce that the annular permeability lies between 123 and 512 m D.The results help shed light upon assessing the annular pressure in long distance gas flexible pipes and thus ensure the security of gas transport in the emerging development of offshore resources.展开更多
The issue of China＇s energy supply security is not only the key problem which af- fects China＇s rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century, but also the one which international attention focuses on. Based...The issue of China＇s energy supply security is not only the key problem which af- fects China＇s rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century, but also the one which international attention focuses on. Based on the notable characteristic of spatial imbalance between energy production and consumption in China, this paper takes the evolution of China＇s primary energy resources development（excluding hydropower） from 1949 to 2007 as the study object, with the aim to sum up the evolutive characteristics and laws of China＇s energy resources development in the past nearly 60 years. Then, based on comprehensive considerations of coal＇s, oil＇s and natural gas＇s basic reserves, qualities, geological conditions production status, and ecological service function of every province, this paper adopts development potential index （DP）to evaluate the development potential of every province＇s en- ergy resources, and divide them into different ranks. Conclusions are drawn as follows： （1） Generally speaking, China＇s gross energy production was increasing in waves from 1949 to 2007. From the viewpoint of spatial patterns, China＇s energy resources development has shown a characteristic of ＂concentrating to the north and central areas, and evolving from linear-shaped to ＂T-shaped＂ pattern gradually since 1949. （2） The structure evolution of China＇s energy resources development in general has shown a trend of ＂coal proportion is dominant but decreasing, while oil and gas proportions are increasing＂ since 1949. （3） At the provincial scale, China＇s energy resources development potential could be divided into large, sub-large, general and small ranks, four in all. In the future, the spatial pattern of China＇s energy production will evolve from ＂T-shaped＂ to ＂R-shaped pattern＂. These conclusions will help to clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics and laws of China＇s energy resources development, and will be beneficial for China to design scientific and rational energy development strategies and plans, coordinate spatial imbalance of energy production and consumption, ensure national energy supply, avoid energy resources waste and disorderly development, and promote regional sustainable development under the globalization back-ground with changeful international energy market.展开更多
On December 2, 2017, the 2nd Seminar on the Development Strategy of China＇s Oil and Gas Resources was held in Beijing. This seminar was hosted by the Strategic Research Center for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of L...On December 2, 2017, the 2nd Seminar on the Development Strategy of China＇s Oil and Gas Resources was held in Beijing. This seminar was hosted by the Strategic Research Center for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Land （MLR） and Resources and sponsored by both the CNOOC Exploration Department and the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences of Tongji University. With the theme of ＂deepwater and deep-layer oil and gas resources and development strategy＂,展开更多
The Manas River Basin is located in the south of the Junggar Basin in the north of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. It originates from the Tarim River in the east, reaches the Bayingou River in the west, is ...The Manas River Basin is located in the south of the Junggar Basin in the north of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. It originates from the Tarim River in the east, reaches the Bayingou River in the west, is connected to the Tianshan Mountains in the north, and is connected with the Gurbantunggut Desert. The total area of the whole basin is 2.655×104km2, and the land area involved in the basin is as high as 11.83 million mu, among which the cultivated land area involved is more than 3.5 million mu. At present, the irrigation area involved is 3.16 million mu, and it also includes 19 farms, including the 8th and 6th divisions of the XPCC. The total population involved in this area is 1.256 million, and the total industrial and agricultural production value exceeds 37.022 billion yuan. In this paper, the author mainly puts forward how to use the least water resources to obtain the maximum utilization efficiency, and will improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of water, meet the Manas River basin agriculture, industry, production, ecology and other related needs as the purpose, using a variety of decision-making methods, aiming at the problems, put forward the optimal allocation scheme, in order to ensure the Manas River basin water resources to be used continuously, and develop towards the direction of building harmony, which has certain significance and value for ecological construction and economic development.展开更多
Chinas per capita water resources are scarce. How to make better use of water resources is a major issue affecting the national economy and peoples livelihood. Based on the present situation of water resources in Zhou...Chinas per capita water resources are scarce. How to make better use of water resources is a major issue affecting the national economy and peoples livelihood. Based on the present situation of water resources in Zhoukou City, Henan Province (including annual precipitation and its distribution, the present situation of water supply projects and the overall degree of water resources development and utilization), this paper analyzes some problems existing in the process of water resources development and utilization in Zhoukou City, and finally gives some measures that should be taken in the water resources protection project in Zhoukou City.展开更多
The sustainable development of water resources is of vital importance to the maintenance of survival environment on which people rely for existence. A brief review is given on the characteristic features of water reso...The sustainable development of water resources is of vital importance to the maintenance of survival environment on which people rely for existence. A brief review is given on the characteristic features of water resources, the present status of water resources development and some major water conservancy projects under construction or in contemplation in China. Finally, the prospect of water resource development in展开更多
Taking coal burning, mining and smelting in mercury mine as examples, this paper gives details on the environmental status in a typical mercury polluted area: (1) effects of mercury from mining and smelting on the en...Taking coal burning, mining and smelting in mercury mine as examples, this paper gives details on the environmental status in a typical mercury polluted area: (1) effects of mercury from mining and smelting on the environment in the mercury richest area in our country; (2) constitution of coal burning to mercury in the environment in areas where coal plays a leading role in energy structure.展开更多
Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;...Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.展开更多
People and culture coexist and human resources development and regional cultural ecology integrate.The present thesis for the first time puts forward the integration mode of human resources development and cultural ec...People and culture coexist and human resources development and regional cultural ecology integrate.The present thesis for the first time puts forward the integration mode of human resources development and cultural ecology,argues that personnel innovation should be attracted by motive injection,open culture,resources integration,culture dilution,thinking blending and people-orientation and discusses the transmission mechanism for functions of integration mode of human resources development and cultural ecology from the aspects of cultural values,living styles and cultural industry.展开更多
First of all,this paper introduces the concept,traditional and modern evaluation and conditions of genuine medicinal materials.It focuses on the current situation of genuine medicinal materials in Xinjiang,and suggest...First of all,this paper introduces the concept,traditional and modern evaluation and conditions of genuine medicinal materials.It focuses on the current situation of genuine medicinal materials in Xinjiang,and suggests that we should strengthen the development,utilization and protection of genuine medicinal resources in Xinjiang from a professional point of view.展开更多
Human resources are the core of business development, the competition of modem enterprises, in the final analysis is the talent competition, which is the human development level of competition. Scenic spot enterprise ...Human resources are the core of business development, the competition of modem enterprises, in the final analysis is the talent competition, which is the human development level of competition. Scenic spot enterprise view service quality as their development lifeline, rely entirely on high-quality staff to achieve, tourist attractions enterprise has its particularity industry： labor-intensive enterprises, but different from other manufacturing and other labor-intensive enterprises, They have high quality requirements for comprehensive employee quality, and therefore human resource development, compared with other enterprises, is more important and more challenging.展开更多
As a key factor of marine ecological composition,marine resources play an important role in promoting the development of marine economy.In view of this,in view of a series of problems existing in the process of marine...As a key factor of marine ecological composition,marine resources play an important role in promoting the development of marine economy.In view of this,in view of a series of problems existing in the process of marine resources development,this paper uses the method of literature review to put forward suggestions on marine resources development and implementation measures of management path,so as to escort the development of marine resources in the new era.展开更多
In the new era, marine resources are a powerful booster for a country's economic development. Reasonable development and protection of marine resources are of utmost importance. According to the actual situation o...In the new era, marine resources are a powerful booster for a country's economic development. Reasonable development and protection of marine resources are of utmost importance. According to the actual situation of our country, the current development of marine resources in our country has serious ecological environment damage and over-exploitation of resources, which threatens the harmonious, stable and sustainable development of the entire marine ecosystem. In this regard, based on marine protection, this paper explains the development of marine resources, and puts forward some feasible suggestions for the development and utilization of marine resources in China, in order to promote the coordinated development of marine resources development and marine environmental protection, and to do a little for the protection of marine resources in China.展开更多
Talent is the key resource for the whole social and economic development, and the economic development of a town cannot be separated from more professional talents. When a town government department is developing its ...Talent is the key resource for the whole social and economic development, and the economic development of a town cannot be separated from more professional talents. When a town government department is developing its economy, it must also do a good job in the development of human resources in the town. Only by effectively using the government's functional guidance, providing superior living and working conditions for talents and attracting talents can it promote the healthy development of human resources development in a town. According to the characteristics of a town's economic development and the demand for talents, a town's talent strategic development system is established. Meanwhile, the talent policy is gradually opened up, talents are increased to start businesses and obtain employment in the region, talents' advantages are brought into play, the effectiveness of talent development is enhanced, and the talent environment of a town is trained, which can enhance the power of human resources development in a town.展开更多
Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reas...Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reasonable and whether the water ecological environment is sustainable are the key issues that local government departments cannot ignore.By investigating the current situation of water resource development and utilization in Duolun County,this study revealed that the per capita water usage and the water usage per ten thousand yuan of GDP in Duolun County in 2020 were lower than the average level in the Inner Mongolia,and the level of water usage was relatively better.By using the nine-scale method and the analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation model of the water ecological environment of Duolun County,the comprehensive score of Duolun County was 8.35(total score is 10),indicating that the water ecological environment in the study area was currently in a good state.The evaluation model has reference value for the future management of the water ecological en-vironment in Duolun County and for continuous related research.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Guangling College of Yangzhou University,China (ZKZD18004)General Program of Natural Science Research in Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China (20KJD430006)。
文摘Gas flexible pipes are critical multi-layered equipment for offshore oil and gas development.Under high pressure conditions,small molecular components of natural gas dissolve into the polymer inner liner of the flexible pipes and further diffuse into the annular space,incurring annular pressure build-up and/or production of acidic environment,which poses serious challenges to the structure and integrity of the flexible pipes.Gas permeation in pipes is a complex phenomenon governed by various factors such as internal pressure and temperature,annular structure,external temperature.In a long-distance gas flexible pipe,moreover,gas permeation exhibits non-uniform features,and the gas permeated into the annular space flows along the metal gap.To assess the complex gas transport behavior in long-distance gas flexible pipes,a mathematical model is established in this paper considering the multiphase flow phenomena inside the flexible pipes,the diffusion of gas in the inner liner,and the gas seepage in the annular space under varying permeable properties of the annulus.In addition,the effect of a variable temperature is accounted.A numerical calculation method is accordingly constructed to solve the coupling mathematical equations.The annular permeability was shown to significantly influence the distribution of annular pressure.As permeability increases,the annular pressure tends to become more uniform,and the annular pressure at the wellhead rises more rapidly.After annular pressure relief followed by shut-in,the pressure increase follows a convex function.By simulating the pressure recovery pattern after pressure relief and comparing it with test results,we deduce that the annular permeability lies between 123 and 512 m D.The results help shed light upon assessing the annular pressure in long distance gas flexible pipes and thus ensure the security of gas transport in the emerging development of offshore resources.
基金Key Project of National Science and Technology Supporting Program, No.2006038053001 Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40535026 Environment Protection and Public Welfare Project of Ministry of Science and Technology, No.08L80370AJ
文摘The issue of China＇s energy supply security is not only the key problem which af- fects China＇s rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century, but also the one which international attention focuses on. Based on the notable characteristic of spatial imbalance between energy production and consumption in China, this paper takes the evolution of China＇s primary energy resources development（excluding hydropower） from 1949 to 2007 as the study object, with the aim to sum up the evolutive characteristics and laws of China＇s energy resources development in the past nearly 60 years. Then, based on comprehensive considerations of coal＇s, oil＇s and natural gas＇s basic reserves, qualities, geological conditions production status, and ecological service function of every province, this paper adopts development potential index （DP）to evaluate the development potential of every province＇s en- ergy resources, and divide them into different ranks. Conclusions are drawn as follows： （1） Generally speaking, China＇s gross energy production was increasing in waves from 1949 to 2007. From the viewpoint of spatial patterns, China＇s energy resources development has shown a characteristic of ＂concentrating to the north and central areas, and evolving from linear-shaped to ＂T-shaped＂ pattern gradually since 1949. （2） The structure evolution of China＇s energy resources development in general has shown a trend of ＂coal proportion is dominant but decreasing, while oil and gas proportions are increasing＂ since 1949. （3） At the provincial scale, China＇s energy resources development potential could be divided into large, sub-large, general and small ranks, four in all. In the future, the spatial pattern of China＇s energy production will evolve from ＂T-shaped＂ to ＂R-shaped pattern＂. These conclusions will help to clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics and laws of China＇s energy resources development, and will be beneficial for China to design scientific and rational energy development strategies and plans, coordinate spatial imbalance of energy production and consumption, ensure national energy supply, avoid energy resources waste and disorderly development, and promote regional sustainable development under the globalization back-ground with changeful international energy market.
文摘On December 2, 2017, the 2nd Seminar on the Development Strategy of China＇s Oil and Gas Resources was held in Beijing. This seminar was hosted by the Strategic Research Center for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Land （MLR） and Resources and sponsored by both the CNOOC Exploration Department and the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences of Tongji University. With the theme of ＂deepwater and deep-layer oil and gas resources and development strategy＂,
文摘The Manas River Basin is located in the south of the Junggar Basin in the north of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. It originates from the Tarim River in the east, reaches the Bayingou River in the west, is connected to the Tianshan Mountains in the north, and is connected with the Gurbantunggut Desert. The total area of the whole basin is 2.655×104km2, and the land area involved in the basin is as high as 11.83 million mu, among which the cultivated land area involved is more than 3.5 million mu. At present, the irrigation area involved is 3.16 million mu, and it also includes 19 farms, including the 8th and 6th divisions of the XPCC. The total population involved in this area is 1.256 million, and the total industrial and agricultural production value exceeds 37.022 billion yuan. In this paper, the author mainly puts forward how to use the least water resources to obtain the maximum utilization efficiency, and will improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of water, meet the Manas River basin agriculture, industry, production, ecology and other related needs as the purpose, using a variety of decision-making methods, aiming at the problems, put forward the optimal allocation scheme, in order to ensure the Manas River basin water resources to be used continuously, and develop towards the direction of building harmony, which has certain significance and value for ecological construction and economic development.
文摘Chinas per capita water resources are scarce. How to make better use of water resources is a major issue affecting the national economy and peoples livelihood. Based on the present situation of water resources in Zhoukou City, Henan Province (including annual precipitation and its distribution, the present situation of water supply projects and the overall degree of water resources development and utilization), this paper analyzes some problems existing in the process of water resources development and utilization in Zhoukou City, and finally gives some measures that should be taken in the water resources protection project in Zhoukou City.
文摘The sustainable development of water resources is of vital importance to the maintenance of survival environment on which people rely for existence. A brief review is given on the characteristic features of water resources, the present status of water resources development and some major water conservancy projects under construction or in contemplation in China. Finally, the prospect of water resource development in
文摘Taking coal burning, mining and smelting in mercury mine as examples, this paper gives details on the environmental status in a typical mercury polluted area: (1) effects of mercury from mining and smelting on the environment in the mercury richest area in our country; (2) constitution of coal burning to mercury in the environment in areas where coal plays a leading role in energy structure.
文摘Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.
文摘People and culture coexist and human resources development and regional cultural ecology integrate.The present thesis for the first time puts forward the integration mode of human resources development and cultural ecology,argues that personnel innovation should be attracted by motive injection,open culture,resources integration,culture dilution,thinking blending and people-orientation and discusses the transmission mechanism for functions of integration mode of human resources development and cultural ecology from the aspects of cultural values,living styles and cultural industry.
文摘First of all,this paper introduces the concept,traditional and modern evaluation and conditions of genuine medicinal materials.It focuses on the current situation of genuine medicinal materials in Xinjiang,and suggests that we should strengthen the development,utilization and protection of genuine medicinal resources in Xinjiang from a professional point of view.
文摘Human resources are the core of business development, the competition of modem enterprises, in the final analysis is the talent competition, which is the human development level of competition. Scenic spot enterprise view service quality as their development lifeline, rely entirely on high-quality staff to achieve, tourist attractions enterprise has its particularity industry： labor-intensive enterprises, but different from other manufacturing and other labor-intensive enterprises, They have high quality requirements for comprehensive employee quality, and therefore human resource development, compared with other enterprises, is more important and more challenging.
文摘As a key factor of marine ecological composition,marine resources play an important role in promoting the development of marine economy.In view of this,in view of a series of problems existing in the process of marine resources development,this paper uses the method of literature review to put forward suggestions on marine resources development and implementation measures of management path,so as to escort the development of marine resources in the new era.
文摘In the new era, marine resources are a powerful booster for a country's economic development. Reasonable development and protection of marine resources are of utmost importance. According to the actual situation of our country, the current development of marine resources in our country has serious ecological environment damage and over-exploitation of resources, which threatens the harmonious, stable and sustainable development of the entire marine ecosystem. In this regard, based on marine protection, this paper explains the development of marine resources, and puts forward some feasible suggestions for the development and utilization of marine resources in China, in order to promote the coordinated development of marine resources development and marine environmental protection, and to do a little for the protection of marine resources in China.
文摘Talent is the key resource for the whole social and economic development, and the economic development of a town cannot be separated from more professional talents. When a town government department is developing its economy, it must also do a good job in the development of human resources in the town. Only by effectively using the government's functional guidance, providing superior living and working conditions for talents and attracting talents can it promote the healthy development of human resources development in a town. According to the characteristics of a town's economic development and the demand for talents, a town's talent strategic development system is established. Meanwhile, the talent policy is gradually opened up, talents are increased to start businesses and obtain employment in the region, talents' advantages are brought into play, the effectiveness of talent development is enhanced, and the talent environment of a town is trained, which can enhance the power of human resources development in a town.
基金The Basic Scientific Research Foundation Special Project of the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (MK 2022J05)The Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (MK0143A032021)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42072291)。
文摘Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reasonable and whether the water ecological environment is sustainable are the key issues that local government departments cannot ignore.By investigating the current situation of water resource development and utilization in Duolun County,this study revealed that the per capita water usage and the water usage per ten thousand yuan of GDP in Duolun County in 2020 were lower than the average level in the Inner Mongolia,and the level of water usage was relatively better.By using the nine-scale method and the analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation model of the water ecological environment of Duolun County,the comprehensive score of Duolun County was 8.35(total score is 10),indicating that the water ecological environment in the study area was currently in a good state.The evaluation model has reference value for the future management of the water ecological en-vironment in Duolun County and for continuous related research.
