This study investigates the internationalization and resource accumulation process of the three largest Chinese construction machinery companies： Sany, XCMG and Zoomlion. It takes a longitudinal approach to analyze t...This study investigates the internationalization and resource accumulation process of the three largest Chinese construction machinery companies： Sany, XCMG and Zoomlion. It takes a longitudinal approach to analyze the internationalization process of the three companies over the last 25 years. Although the three companies＇ paths in the early acquisition of technologies and firm-specific advantages （FSA） differ significantly, however, their internationalization process exhibits similar pattern. They all exploit the same home-country based FSAs in their south-south expansion into other emerging markets, and seem to mimic each other in their strategic moves. In the south-north expansion into advanced economies they skip the export stage and rely almost exclusively on foreign direct investment of both forms, greenfield and M＆A, to pursue asset augmenting objectives and overcome their ＂liability of origin＂. The study concludes by discussing several topics of interest, such as the implications of accelerated resource accumulation, the impact on competition with advanced multinationals in the home market or possible effects on the level of state support and risk taking behavior in the internationalization process by the companies＇ ownership type.展开更多
The plant rhizosphere,a region interconnecting roots,soil,and microorganisms,is critical for plant resource acquisition,community structure,and the functional stability of ecosystems.Most studies focus primarily on ro...The plant rhizosphere,a region interconnecting roots,soil,and microorganisms,is critical for plant resource acquisition,community structure,and the functional stability of ecosystems.Most studies focus primarily on root traits,while overlooking the covariation within the rhizosphere root-soil-microbe continuum and its ecological implications under environmental change.Here,we highlight the necessity of integrating rhizosphere function into a broader theoretical framework encompassing belowground traits,such as the core functional modules of roots,rhizosphere microorganisms(including mycorrhizal fungi),and soil.We further identify critical knowledge gaps and future directions for research on rhizosphere function traits.This framework expands current perspectives on plant belowground functional traits,plant adaptation,and ecosystem stability under changing environments.展开更多
文摘This study investigates the internationalization and resource accumulation process of the three largest Chinese construction machinery companies： Sany, XCMG and Zoomlion. It takes a longitudinal approach to analyze the internationalization process of the three companies over the last 25 years. Although the three companies＇ paths in the early acquisition of technologies and firm-specific advantages （FSA） differ significantly, however, their internationalization process exhibits similar pattern. They all exploit the same home-country based FSAs in their south-south expansion into other emerging markets, and seem to mimic each other in their strategic moves. In the south-north expansion into advanced economies they skip the export stage and rely almost exclusively on foreign direct investment of both forms, greenfield and M＆A, to pursue asset augmenting objectives and overcome their ＂liability of origin＂. The study concludes by discussing several topics of interest, such as the implications of accelerated resource accumulation, the impact on competition with advanced multinationals in the home market or possible effects on the level of state support and risk taking behavior in the internationalization process by the companies＇ ownership type.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Creation of Nutrient Enhancing Biofertilizers)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301446,U23A2051,and 32171757)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of the Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202301YD0028C and XZ202301ZR0047G)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC0012).
文摘The plant rhizosphere,a region interconnecting roots,soil,and microorganisms,is critical for plant resource acquisition,community structure,and the functional stability of ecosystems.Most studies focus primarily on root traits,while overlooking the covariation within the rhizosphere root-soil-microbe continuum and its ecological implications under environmental change.Here,we highlight the necessity of integrating rhizosphere function into a broader theoretical framework encompassing belowground traits,such as the core functional modules of roots,rhizosphere microorganisms(including mycorrhizal fungi),and soil.We further identify critical knowledge gaps and future directions for research on rhizosphere function traits.This framework expands current perspectives on plant belowground functional traits,plant adaptation,and ecosystem stability under changing environments.
