The heterogeneity of applications and their divergent resource requirements lead to uneven traffic distribution and imbalanced resource utilization across data center networks(DCNs).We propose a fine-grained baseband ...The heterogeneity of applications and their divergent resource requirements lead to uneven traffic distribution and imbalanced resource utilization across data center networks(DCNs).We propose a fine-grained baseband function reallocation scheme in heterogeneous optical switching-based DCNs.A deep reinforcement learning-based functional split and resource mapping approach(DRL-BFM)is proposed to maximize throughput in high-load server racks by implementing load balancing in DCNs.The results demonstrate that DRL-BFM improves the throughput by 20.8%,22.8%,and 29.8%on average compared to existing algorithms under different computational capacities,bandwidth constraints,and latency conditions,respectively.展开更多
Assessing forest vulnerability to disturbances at a high spatial resolution and for regional and national scales has become attainable with the combination of remote sensing-derived high-resolution forest maps and mec...Assessing forest vulnerability to disturbances at a high spatial resolution and for regional and national scales has become attainable with the combination of remote sensing-derived high-resolution forest maps and mechanistic risk models. This study demonstrated large-scale and high-resolution modelling of wind damage vulnerability in Norway. The hybrid mechanistic wind damage model, ForestGALES, was adapted to map the critical wind speeds(CWS) of damage across Norway using a national forest attribute map at a 16 m × 16 m spatial resolution. P arametrization of the model for the Norwegian context was done using the literature and the National Forest Inventory data. This new parametrization of the model for Norwegian forests yielded estimates of CWS significantly different from the default parametrization. Both parametrizations fell short of providing acceptable discrimination of the damaged area following the storm of November 19, 2021 in the central southern region of Norway when using unadjusted CWS. After adjusting the CWS and the storm wind speeds by a constant factor, the Norwegian parametrization provided acceptable discrimination and was thus defined as suitable to use in future studies, despite the lack of field-and laboratory experiments to directly derive parameters for Norwegian forests. The windstorm event used for model validation in this study highlighted the challenges of predicting wind damage to forests in landscapes with complex topography. Future studies should focus on further developing ForestGALES and new datasets describing extreme wind climates to better represent the wind and tree interactions in complex topography, and predict the level of risk in order to develop local climate-smart forest management strategies.展开更多
Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater syste...Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. A scientific evaluation of groundwater resources in Asia can be secured using water balance method and runoff modulus method through water circulating analysis and feature study of groundwater system on the basis of groundwater system division of Asia. With natural recharge(runoff) modulus(10~4m^3/km^2·a), the total amount of water resources and those available for exploitation of primary groundwater system can be evaluated-continuous aquifers in plains and basins contain 242.465× 10~9 m^3/a of water, 169.725× 10~9 m^3/a of which is recoverable; discrete aquifers contain 186.695× 10~9 m^3/a, 130.686× 10~9 m^3/a of which is available for exploitation; other scattered aquifers contain 38.614× 10~9 m^3/a, 27.029× 10~9 m^3/a of which could be exploited. In total, there is 467.774× 10~9 m^3/a of groundwater with 327.440× 10~9 m^3/a recoverable. The groundwater map of Asia is compiled according to groundwater system division, evaluation of the total amount and aquifer types to reflect the macro features of groundwater resources in Asia, laying a scientific foundation for exploitation and management of water resources here and for avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and environment among Asian countries.展开更多
Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient decision-making.Employing the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories es...Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient decision-making.Employing the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas(pixels),which are then usually summarized at the stand level.Using the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps(16 m×16 m pixel resolution)alongside with stand-level growth and yield models,this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation(standlevel,stand-level with species strata,and pixel-level)on projected stand development.The results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation level.Notably,the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation,ranging from-301 to+253 m^(3)·ha^(-1)for single stands.The differences were,on average,higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands,and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous stands.In conclusion,this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management,emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFB2905500 and 2023YFB2805302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62205026)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,and the Open Fund of IPOC(BUPT)。
文摘The heterogeneity of applications and their divergent resource requirements lead to uneven traffic distribution and imbalanced resource utilization across data center networks(DCNs).We propose a fine-grained baseband function reallocation scheme in heterogeneous optical switching-based DCNs.A deep reinforcement learning-based functional split and resource mapping approach(DRL-BFM)is proposed to maximize throughput in high-load server racks by implementing load balancing in DCNs.The results demonstrate that DRL-BFM improves the throughput by 20.8%,22.8%,and 29.8%on average compared to existing algorithms under different computational capacities,bandwidth constraints,and latency conditions,respectively.
基金funded by the Norwegian Research Council(NFR project 302701 Climate Smart Forestry Norway).
文摘Assessing forest vulnerability to disturbances at a high spatial resolution and for regional and national scales has become attainable with the combination of remote sensing-derived high-resolution forest maps and mechanistic risk models. This study demonstrated large-scale and high-resolution modelling of wind damage vulnerability in Norway. The hybrid mechanistic wind damage model, ForestGALES, was adapted to map the critical wind speeds(CWS) of damage across Norway using a national forest attribute map at a 16 m × 16 m spatial resolution. P arametrization of the model for the Norwegian context was done using the literature and the National Forest Inventory data. This new parametrization of the model for Norwegian forests yielded estimates of CWS significantly different from the default parametrization. Both parametrizations fell short of providing acceptable discrimination of the damaged area following the storm of November 19, 2021 in the central southern region of Norway when using unadjusted CWS. After adjusting the CWS and the storm wind speeds by a constant factor, the Norwegian parametrization provided acceptable discrimination and was thus defined as suitable to use in future studies, despite the lack of field-and laboratory experiments to directly derive parameters for Norwegian forests. The windstorm event used for model validation in this study highlighted the challenges of predicting wind damage to forests in landscapes with complex topography. Future studies should focus on further developing ForestGALES and new datasets describing extreme wind climates to better represent the wind and tree interactions in complex topography, and predict the level of risk in order to develop local climate-smart forest management strategies.
基金supported by Geological Map of Groundwater Resources and Environment of China and Surrounding Areas(12120113014200)Series Maps of Karst Environment Geology of China and South East Asia(12120114006401,12120114006301)
文摘Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. A scientific evaluation of groundwater resources in Asia can be secured using water balance method and runoff modulus method through water circulating analysis and feature study of groundwater system on the basis of groundwater system division of Asia. With natural recharge(runoff) modulus(10~4m^3/km^2·a), the total amount of water resources and those available for exploitation of primary groundwater system can be evaluated-continuous aquifers in plains and basins contain 242.465× 10~9 m^3/a of water, 169.725× 10~9 m^3/a of which is recoverable; discrete aquifers contain 186.695× 10~9 m^3/a, 130.686× 10~9 m^3/a of which is available for exploitation; other scattered aquifers contain 38.614× 10~9 m^3/a, 27.029× 10~9 m^3/a of which could be exploited. In total, there is 467.774× 10~9 m^3/a of groundwater with 327.440× 10~9 m^3/a recoverable. The groundwater map of Asia is compiled according to groundwater system division, evaluation of the total amount and aquifer types to reflect the macro features of groundwater resources in Asia, laying a scientific foundation for exploitation and management of water resources here and for avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and environment among Asian countries.
文摘Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient decision-making.Employing the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas(pixels),which are then usually summarized at the stand level.Using the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps(16 m×16 m pixel resolution)alongside with stand-level growth and yield models,this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation(standlevel,stand-level with species strata,and pixel-level)on projected stand development.The results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation level.Notably,the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation,ranging from-301 to+253 m^(3)·ha^(-1)for single stands.The differences were,on average,higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands,and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous stands.In conclusion,this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management,emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.
