Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers w...Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin.Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5(FNDC5/irisin),we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase(high FNDC5/irisin level)or late rest phase(low FNDC5/irisin level)to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.Results: In this study,we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans,including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics.We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity.Consistent with human data,compared to late rest phase(low irisin level),mice trained chronically at late active phase(high irisin level)gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet,whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice.Mechanistically,Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1(BMAL1)and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor,gamma,coactivator 1 alpha 4(PGC1α4)induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity,and the signaling is transduced viaαV integrin in muscle.Conclusion: Together,our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.展开更多
Patients with hematological tumors experience physical and psychological stress,and negative psychological states.Baduanjin,an emerging psychological rehabil-itation method combined with resistance exercise,has receiv...Patients with hematological tumors experience physical and psychological stress,and negative psychological states.Baduanjin,an emerging psychological rehabil-itation method combined with resistance exercise,has received widespread attention.This study reviews the current status of the application of Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise in improving the negative psychological state of patients with hematological tumors and discusses its problems and prospects.Through a literature review and comprehensive analysis,the application of Baduanjin and resistance exercise in the psychological rehabilitation of patients with hematological tumors was identified and evaluated.The results showed that Baduanjin with resistance exercise had a positive effect on improving negative psychological states of patients with hematological tumors,which can alleviate anxiety,depression,and other adverse emotions,and improve quality of life.However,there is a lack of unified and standardized exercise intervention programs for practical application,and patient participation and compliance must be improved.Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise can potentially improve the negative psychological status of patients with hematological tumors;however,it is still necessary to further standardize and improve the exercise program improving patient participation and compliance.Future studies should strengthen theoretical exploration and empirical research,providing more effective psychological rehabilitation strategies for patients with hematological tumors.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1(FSTL1),which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardia...Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1(FSTL1),which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardial infarction(MI)by inducing angiogenesis.Methods:Male,adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=12 in each group):sham group(S),sedentary MI group(MI),MI+resistance exercise group(MR),MI+adeno-associated virus(AAV)-FSTL1 injection group(MA),and MI+AAV-FSTL1 injection+resistance exercise group(MAR).The AAV-FSTL1 vector was prepared by molecular biology methods and injected into the anterior tibialis muscle.The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.Rats in the MR and MAR groups underwent 4 weeks of dynamic resistance exercise training using a weighted climbing-up ladder.Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures.Collagen volume fraction of myocardium was observed and analyzed by Masson’s staining.Human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells culture and recombinant human FSTL1 protein or transforming growth factor-b receptor 1(TGFbR1)inhibitor treatment were used to elucidate the molecular signaling mechanism of FSTL1.Angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and disco interacting protein 2 homolog A(DIP2A)location were observed by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of FSTL1,DIP2A,and the activation of signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting.Angiogenesis of endothelial cells was observed by tubule experiment.One-way analysis of variance and Student’s t test were used for statistical analysis.Results:Resistance exercise stimulated the secretion of skeletal muscle FSTL1,which promoted myocardial angiogenesis,inhibited pathological remodeling,and protected cardiac function in MI rats.Exercise facilitated skeletal muscle FSTL1 to play a role in protecting the heart.Exogenous FSTL1 promoted the human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells proliferation and up-regulated the expression of DIP2A,while TGFbR1 inhibitor intervention down-regulated the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A,which was not conducive to angiogenesis.FSTL1 bound to the receptor,DIP2A,to regulate angiogenesis mainly through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.FSTL1-DIP2A directly activated Smad2/3 and was not affected by TGFbR1.Conclusion:Dynamic resistance exercise stimulates the expression of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1,which could supplement the insufficiency of cardiac FSTL1 and promote cardiac rehabilitation through the DIP2A-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in MI rats.展开更多
Insulin resistance(IR)is the common pathophysiological basis of many metabolic diseases.IR is characterized by decreased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue,especially in skeletal muscle.Skeletal musc...Insulin resistance(IR)is the common pathophysiological basis of many metabolic diseases.IR is characterized by decreased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue,especially in skeletal muscle.Skeletal muscle is the main target tissue of glucose uptake under insulin stimulation.Glucose uptake by skeletal muscle is complex,and it is controlled by many pathways.The PI3K/AKt/GSK-1 signaling pathway is not only the main pathway for insulin signal transduction but also an important mechanism for regulating blood glucose.From the binding of insulin to its receptors on the surface of target cells to the transportation of glucose from extracellular fluid to skeletal muscle,a series of signal transduction processes is completed,any of which potentially affects the physiological effects of insulin and leads to IR.Resistance exercise(RT)can reduce skeletal muscle IR and effectively improve blood glucose control and glycosylated hemoglobin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the exact mechanism by which RT improves skeletal muscle IR remains unclear.Therefore,this paper discusses the above problems by tracking the progress of the literature to deepen the correlation between RT and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and provide further evidence for the application of exercise therapy in IR.In conclusion,RT mainly improves insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle by increasing muscle mass,microvascular blood flow,and glucose transporter-4 expression in skeletal muscle,as well as by reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation in skeletal muscle.Thus,it is potentially useful in the prevention and treatment of T2DM.展开更多
Background:Hemodialysis is the major treatment option for patients with chronic kidney disease.With the increase in the number of maintenance hemodialysis patients,debilitating conditions of muscle willing and atrophy...Background:Hemodialysis is the major treatment option for patients with chronic kidney disease.With the increase in the number of maintenance hemodialysis patients,debilitating conditions of muscle willing and atrophy and numerous health problems associated with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis have become the most significant concerns.Methods:This randomized controlled trial study design will be conducted at Al-Najaf city in the southern region of Iraq and carried out on 68 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis for at least six months and who had a medically stable condition,which will be randomly divided into training group;exercise therapy and control,groups.The training group participated in 8-week(3 sessions per week)resistance exercise therapy in three sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension,hip flexion,and hip abduction with the use of an elastic band under the supervision of a training physiotherapist and researcher during the first hour of the three routine hemodialysis treatment session per week.But the control group did not experience any intervention.To analyze the data,two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests will be used at the significant level of(P=0.05).Discussion:Important features of this study include the randomization procedures,double-blind,large sample size,and a standardized protocol for resistance exercise training on the physical performance of hemodialysis patients.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of resistance exercise for the patient with chronic kidney disease and undergoing hemodialysis.Therefore,our results will be useful for patients with chronic kidney diseases,medical staff,and healthcare decision-makers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),a chronic metabolic disease with a high global incidence,has become a serious public health challenge.China has the largest number of T2DM patients worldwide,imposing a signif...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),a chronic metabolic disease with a high global incidence,has become a serious public health challenge.China has the largest number of T2DM patients worldwide,imposing a significant economic burden on the healthcare system.T2DM is closely associated with insulin resistance,impaired pancreatic B cell function,and disordered glucose and lipid metabolism,which can lead to various complications,reducing patients'quality of life and increasing the risk of disability and death.Thus,finding effective preventive and intervention measures is crucial.Exercise therapy,a key part of diabetes management,has gained attention in recent years,with many studies indicating its benefits for blood glucose control and other aspects in diabetic patients.AIM To assess the effectiveness of combined resistance and aerobic exercise interventions on blood glucose control and metabolic indicators in patients with T2DM and to explore their application in diabetes management.METHODS Systematic searches were conducted using PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Chinese databases for relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs).The inclusion criteria were participants aged≥18 years with T2DM and the intervention involved combined resistance and aerobic exercise for≥8 weeks.The primary outcome indicators were fasting blood glucose,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),triglycerides(TG),glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),and total cholesterol(TC)levels.Data analysis was performed using RevMan software,and the interventional effects were assessed using weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences(SMD).RESULTS Six RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were included,with a total sample size of 366 participants.The meta-analysis results showed that combined resistance and aerobic exercise significantly improved several metabolic indicators in patients with T2DM.Specific results were as follows:(1)For fasting blood glucose,combined exercise was more effective than aerobic exercise alone[SMD=1.22;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.70,1.74;P<0.00001];(2)LDL-C levels were significantly reduced by the combined intervention(SMD=1.45;95%CI:1.18-1.72;P<0.00001);(3)The combined intervention significantly increased HDL-C levels(SMD=1.42;95%CI:0.98-1.87;P<0.00001);(4)The combined intervention significantly reduced TG levels(SMD=1.12;95%CI:0.85-1.39;P<0.00001;(5)No statistically significant difference was observed in HbA1c between the combined and the aerobic exercise group(SMD=-0.03;95%CI:-1.09 to 1.04;P<0.00001);and(6)The combined exercise intervention group significantly reduced TC levels(SMD=2.66;95%CI:1.93-3.38;P<0.00001).The subgroup analysis results suggest that the effect of exercise interventions may be influenced by various factors,including the patient's age,baseline blood glucose levels,and exercise intensity.CONCLUSION Combined resistance and aerobic exercise intervention significantly improved fasting blood glucose,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG,and TC levels in patients with T2DM,especially in terms of blood glucose control and cardiovascular risk,demonstrating better outcomes than aerobic exercise alone.展开更多
Dear Editor,Obesity is a pandemic, chronic, multifactorial disease that contributes to numerous conditions, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) [1]. MAFLD is characterized by excessi...Dear Editor,Obesity is a pandemic, chronic, multifactorial disease that contributes to numerous conditions, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) [1]. MAFLD is characterized by excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver in the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (e.g. obesity, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or elevated plasma glucose) and the absence of other apparent causes. Obese individuals may progress to the more severe condition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), an advanced stage of MAFLD characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation. MAFLD represents the initial phase of liver disease, with MASH as the intermediate stage and fibrosis or cirrhosis as the final stage if left untreated [1].展开更多
Background Evidence on the effects of different exercise interventions on cognitive function is insufficient.Aims To evaluate the feasibility and effects of remotely supervised aerobic exercise(AE)and resistance exerc...Background Evidence on the effects of different exercise interventions on cognitive function is insufficient.Aims To evaluate the feasibility and effects of remotely supervised aerobic exercise(AE)and resistance exercise(RE)interventions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods This study is a 6-month pilot three-arm randomised controlled trial.Eligible participants(n=108)were recruited and randomised to the AE group,RE group or control(CON)group with a 1:1:1 ratio.Interventions were delivered at home with remote supervision.We evaluated participants’global cognition,memory,executive function,attention,physical activity levels,physical performance and muscle strength of limbs at baseline,3 months(T1)and 6 months(T2)after randomisation.A linear mixed-effects model was adopted for data analyses after controlling for covariates.Tukey’s method was used for adjusting for multiple comparisons.Sensitivity analyses were performed after excluding individuals with low compliance rates.Results 15(13.89%)participants dropped out.The median compliance rates in the AE group and RE group were 67.31%and 93.27%,respectively.After adjusting for covariates,the scores of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale in the AE group decreased by 2.04(95%confidence interval(CI)−3.41 to−0.67,t=−2.94,p=0.004)and 1.53(95%CI−2.88 to−0.17,t=−2.22,p=0.028)points more than those in the CON group at T1 and T2,respectively.The effects of AE were still significant at T1(estimate=−1.70,95%CI−3.20 to−0.21,t=−2.69,p=0.021),but lost statistical significance at T2 after adjusting for multiple comparisons.As for executive function,the Stroop time interference in the RE group decreased by 11.76 s(95%CI−21.62 to−1.90,t=−2.81,p=0.015)more than that in the AE group at T2 after Tukey’s adjustment.No other significant effects on cognitive functions were found.Conclusions Both remotely supervised AE and RE programmes are feasible in older adults with MCI.AE has positive effects on global cognition,and RE improves executive function.展开更多
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether skeletal muscle-derived follistatin-like 1(FSTL1)reaches the heart and exerts the angiogenetic function in rats suffering myocardial infarctions(MI)after exerci...Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether skeletal muscle-derived follistatin-like 1(FSTL1)reaches the heart and exerts the angiogenetic function in rats suffering myocardial infarctions(MI)after exercise intervention.Methods Forty-eight male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups.MI was provoked by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery.MI rats underwent adeno-associated virus injection of FST1 in tibialis anterior muscle and 4 weeks of resistance exercise via a tail-suspended incremental weight-climbing method(0-75%body weight,daily load increased by 10%;1 h/day,5 day/w).Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamics including LVSP,LVEDP and±dP/dt max;the cross-sectional area of muscle cells and myocardium fibrosis were analyzed by DiI and Masson’s stain-ing,respectively;the FSTL1 expression,endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis were visualized by immunofluores-cence staining;and protein expression was quantified by Western blotting.Results Resistance exercise reverted MI-induced skeletal muscle atrophy,increased muscle FSTL1 expression and stimulated skeletal muscle derived FSTL1 entering into the MI heart via blood circulation.The overexpression of skeletal muscle FSTL1 improved myocardial endothelial cell proliferation,increased small vessel density in the fibrotic border,inhibited myocardial fibrosis and improved heart function in the MI rats after the exercise intervention.Meanwhile,DIP2A-PI3K-Akt-mTOR,Erk1/2 and TGFβ-Smad2/3 pathways were activated in the myocardium.Conclusion Resistance exercise stimulates skeletal muscle derived FSTL1 to reach the myocardium which makes a positive contribution to cardioprotection in MI rat.展开更多
Background:The benefits of exercise are well known;however,many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Skeletal muscle secretes myokines,which mediate muscleorgan crosstalk.Myokines regulate s...Background:The benefits of exercise are well known;however,many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Skeletal muscle secretes myokines,which mediate muscleorgan crosstalk.Myokines regulate satellite-cell proliferation and migration,inflammatory cascade,insulin secretion,angiogenesis,fatty oxidation,and cancer suppression.To date,the effects of different exercise modes(namely,aerobic and resistance exercise)on myokine response remain to be elucidated.This is crucial considering the clinical implementation of exercise to enhance general health and wellbeing and as a medical treatment.Methods:A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed,MEDLINE,CINAHL,Embase,SPORTDiscus,andWeb of Science in April 2023.Eligible studies examining the effects of a single bout of exercise on interleukin15(IL-15),irisin,secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC),oncostatinM(OSM),and decorin were included.A random-effects meta-analysis was also undertaken to quantify the magnitude of change.Results:Sixty-two studies were included(n=1193).Overall,exercise appeared to induce small to large increases in myokine expression,with effects observed immediately after to 60 min post-exercise,although these were mostly not statistically significant.Both aerobic and resistance exercise resulted in changes in myokine levels,without any significant difference between training modes,and with the magnitude of change differing across myokines.Myokine levels returned to baseline levels within 180 min to 24 h post-exercise.However,owing to potential sources of heterogeneity,most changes were not statistically significant,indicating that precise conclusions cannot be drawn.Conclusion:Knowledge is limited but expanding with respect to the impact of overall and specific effects of exercise on myokine expression at different time points in the systemic circulation.Further research is required to investigate the effects of different exercise modes at multiple time points on myokine response.展开更多
Background Physical activity programs using components of resistance have the potential to improve health in school chil-dren.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a school-based resistance exercise p...Background Physical activity programs using components of resistance have the potential to improve health in school chil-dren.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a school-based resistance exercise program on physical fitness in elementary school students.Methods The sample was 256 children(mean age=8.3±2.5 years;119 girls)from kindergarten to 5th grade.Participants performed a 10-min resistance exercise 2-3 times in each school day.Physical fitness outcomes were assessed using President’s Physical Fitness Challenge test.Measures were collected at baseline and at a 6-month post-test time point.A 2×2 doubly MANOVA was employed to examine the effect of sex and time.Results The multivariate model was statistically significant with a main time effect(Wilks’λ=0.19,F=290.9,P<0.001).Follow-univariate tests found significant differences between time-points on flex arm hang(P=0.033),shuttle run(P<0.001),and 1-mile run/walk times(P<0.001).Conclusions A 6-month resistance exercise program improved upper body strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in elementary school aged children.The use of resistance exercise intervention during school day can be effectively used to promote physical fitness and ultimately improve the health of children.展开更多
Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century.Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most common type of dementia,is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old.Severa...Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century.Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most common type of dementia,is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old.Several lifestyle factors may increase,or reduce,an individual’s risk of developing AD.Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity.Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity.The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago.In this review,we discuss the role of exercise(aerobic and resistance)training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD.Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition.We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies.We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid b turnover,inflammation,synthesis and release of neurotrophins,and improvements in cerebral blood flow.Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide.Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations.展开更多
Aging is characterized by the gradual deterioration of function at the molecular,cellular,tissue,and organism levels in humans.The typical diseases caused by changes in body composition,as well as functional decline i...Aging is characterized by the gradual deterioration of function at the molecular,cellular,tissue,and organism levels in humans.The typical diseases caused by changes in body composition,as well as functional decline in the human body’s organs due to aging include sarcopenia and metabolic disorders.The accumulation of dysfunctional agingβcells with age can cause decreased glucose tolerance and diabetes.Muscle decline has a multifactorial origin,involving lifestyle habits,disease triggers,and age-dependent biological changes.The reduced function ofβcells in elderly people lowers insulin sensitivity,which affects protein synthesis and interferes with muscle synthesis.The functional decrease and aggravation of disease in elderly people with less regular exercise or physical activity causes imbalances in food intake and a continuous,vicious cycle.In contrast,resistance exercise increases the function ofβcells and protein synthesis in elderly people.In this review,we discuss regular physical activities or exercises to prevent and improve health,which is sarcopenia as decreased muscle mass and metabolic disorders as diabetes in the elderly.展开更多
Background:Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that compared to engaging in 1 activity mode alone,a combination of moderate-tovigorous physical activity(MVPA:brisk walking/jogging,cycling)and muscle-strengtheni...Background:Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that compared to engaging in 1 activity mode alone,a combination of moderate-tovigorous physical activity(MVPA:brisk walking/jogging,cycling)and muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE:push-ups/sit-ups,using weight machines)has more favorable associations with optimal weight status.However,few studies have examined the dose-dependent and joint associations of MVPA and MSE with obesity.Methods:Based on cross-sectional analyses of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2(2013-2014),we examined prevalence ratios(PRs)of joint and stratified associations between MVPA(4 categories:(ⅰ)0 min/week,(ⅱ)1-149 min/week,(ⅲ)150-299 min/week,and(ⅳ)≥300 min/week)and MSE(3 categories:(ⅰ)0 day/week,(ⅱ)1 day/week,and(ⅲ)>2 days/week)with body mass index-defined obesity(body mass index of>30.0 kg/m2)using Poisson regression with robust error variance.PRs were examined unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics(e.g.,sex,age,education,income,and smoking status).Results:Data were available for 280,456 adults(≥18 years),of which 46,166(15.5%)were obese.The interaction MVPA x MSE guideline adherence was statistically significant for obesity(p≤0.05).The joint MVPA-MSE analysis showed that compared to the reference group(i.e.,no MVPA and no MSE),the PRs followed a dose-dependent pattern,with the lowest observed among those reporting≥150 MVPA min/week and≥1 MSE days/week(PR:0.43;95%confidence interval:0.41-0.46).When stratified across each MVPA strata,the PRs were mostly lower among those engaging in MSE 1 day/week,as compared to those doing MSE≥2 days/week.Conclusion:"There was evidence for a dose-dependent association between joint MVPA-MSE with a reduced prevalence of obesity.Public health strategies for the prevention and management of obesity should recommend both MVPA and MSE.展开更多
An increasing aging population greatly impacts health care services worldwide.A large percentage of healthcare expenditures for seniors arise from the negative outcomes of muscle loss,also known as sarcopenia.Aging-re...An increasing aging population greatly impacts health care services worldwide.A large percentage of healthcare expenditures for seniors arise from the negative outcomes of muscle loss,also known as sarcopenia.Aging-related losses of muscle strength and quality impair balance,walking ability and endurance and cause negative events such as falls,incident disability and frailty.This review systemically explores the significance of sarcopenia in the elderly and addresses several important physiological mechanisms of sarcopenia.The implications of crucial exercise regimens that improve muscle strength and delay the onset of sarcopenia are also discussed.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that can adversely affect an individual’s health and quality of life.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiven...Background and Objectives:Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that can adversely affect an individual’s health and quality of life.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined nutritional and exercise intervention among older adults who were at risk of sarcopenia.Methods and Study Design:46 older adults were included in a 30±3 days intervention that combined oral nutritional supple ments with resistance exercise.Parameters were measured at baseline(day 0)and after intervention(day 30±3),including routine parameters of sarcopenia,blood tests,and body measurements.The ITT analysis method was used,and the data were analysed using paired t-tests/paired Wilcoxon test,and ANOVA.Results:Among the 46 participants,there were no significant changes in hip circumference(HC),muscle mass of both lower limbs,ap pendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI),and hemoglobin(Hb)after intervention.However,both hand grip strength(GS)significantly increased,as did muscle mass of both upper limbs and the total muscle strength.Blood tests showed a slight increase in albumin(ALB)levels and a significant increase in 25-OH-D levels,while the waist(WC)and calf circumferences(CC)also increased significantly after intervention.Somatic motor per formance improved significantly in the 6-meter walk and 5 sit-ups tests.Conclusions:The combined nutritional and exercise intervention was feasible and effective in improving muscle mass and strength,especially in the up per limbs,as well as somatic motor performance among older adults at risk of sarcopenia.It could be beneficial among three stages of sarcopenia.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has becomeone of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide and has been recognized as a major health burden.The prevalence of NAFLD has grown proportionallywith the rise ...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has becomeone of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide and has been recognized as a major health burden.The prevalence of NAFLD has grown proportionallywith the rise in obesity,sedentary lifestyle,unhealthydietary pattern,and metabolic syndrome.Currently,there is no drug therapy that can be formulated fortreating NAFLD.A combination of dietary modificationsand increased physical activity remains the mainstayof NAFLD management.It is hard to maintain thismode of management;however,it seems to havesignificant long-term benefits.Furthermore,NAFLDpatients,whether obese or not,should be educatedthat a healthy diet and physical activity have benefitsbeyond weight reduction.Further large controlled randomized trials are needed in order to identify the bestdietary regimen and physical activity in the management of NAFLD patients.This review highlights the roleof diet and lifestyle modifications in the managementof NAFLD,and focuses on human studies regarding dietary modifications and physical activity.展开更多
In recent years,the Westernization of dietary habits and increasingly sedentary lifestyle have contributed to a marked increase in the number of type 2 diabetes patients.Sedentary behavior may play a significant role ...In recent years,the Westernization of dietary habits and increasingly sedentary lifestyle have contributed to a marked increase in the number of type 2 diabetes patients.Sedentary behavior may play a significant role in the development and aggravation of type 2 diabetes.The results of various follow-up studies have demonstrated that proper diet combined with physical exer-cise is useful in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.A nationwide survey regarding exercise therapy for diabetes patients in Japan revealed that relatively few physicians provide patients with exercise guidance because of time constraints,that the physicians do not receive additional consultation fee,and that there is a lack of specialized physical exercise educa-tors.Physical exercise promotes the utilization of glucose and free fatty acids in the muscles,and thus lowers blood glucose(BG)levels.Dietary restriction and physical exercise are effective in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes by improving the in vivo sensitivity to insulin.Most adults with diabetes should engage in 150 min or more of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic activity per week,spread out over at least 3 days/week,with no more than two consecutive days without activity.Mild-intensity resistance training such as half squat and calf raise is recommended for elderly individuals who have decreased muscle strength and mass(sarcopenia).Prolonged sitting should be interrupted every 30 min for BG benefits,particularly in adults with type 2 diabetes.Individuals with type 2 diabetes are also encouraged to increase their total daily unstructured physical activity(daily movement).展开更多
Background Debates exist about the preference for single-or multiple-set resistance exercise(RE)on achieving similar training outcome,however,no study examined their effects on the heart,thus,this study was to examine...Background Debates exist about the preference for single-or multiple-set resistance exercise(RE)on achieving similar training outcome,however,no study examined their effects on the heart,thus,this study was to examine the effect of volume-matched single-and multiple-set RE on the myocardial response through examining rate pressure product(RPP).Methods Fourteen healthy untrained college students performed two leg press exercises(4×10 and 1×40 at 150%body mass)on different days,and each was performed twice in a counterbalanced crossover order.Pre-and post-exercise SBP and HR were measured by auscultatory method,RPP was calculated as SBP×HR×10^(-3),RPP difference(RPPdiff)was calcu-lated by post-exercise RPP subtracting pre-exercise RPP.Results Single-set post-exercise RPP(17.48±3.16 mmHg·beats/min),HR(123.86±20.25 beats/min)was significantly greater than multiple-set post-exercise RPP(13.66±3.04 mmHg·beats/min),HR(101.61±19.14 beats/min),respec-tively.There was no significant difference of SBP(141.07±9.37 vs.134.29±15.16 mmHg)between exercise protocols(P=0.13).The RPPdiff of single-set(6.74±2.86 mmHg·beats/min)was significantly greater than that of multiple-set(3.62±2.90 mmHg·beats/min)(P<0.001).Conclusions Single-set RE exerts a greater myocardial oxygenation response as compared to multiple-set,HR contributed more than SBP to the increase of RPP in RE.The results indicate that single-set RE can be warranted when wanting to train the heart,while multiple-set RE would appear best for those who should avoid heart stress.展开更多
基金supported by funds from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0904500 to LX, 2023YFA1800400 to LX, and 2018YFE0113500 to JX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82301777 to MG, 32222024 to LX, 32325024 to XM, 32071148 to LX, and 91957116 to CX)+6 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21140904300 to XM and 22ZR1421200 to LX)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2017-01-07-00-09-E00042 to JX)Key Project of 2022 Higher Education Scientific Research Planning Project of China Association of Higher Education (22TY0218 to FS)Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education (22YJC890023 to FS)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZB20230219 to MG)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741183 to MG)ECNU public platform for Innovation (011).
文摘Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin.Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5(FNDC5/irisin),we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase(high FNDC5/irisin level)or late rest phase(low FNDC5/irisin level)to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.Results: In this study,we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans,including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics.We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity.Consistent with human data,compared to late rest phase(low irisin level),mice trained chronically at late active phase(high irisin level)gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet,whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice.Mechanistically,Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1(BMAL1)and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor,gamma,coactivator 1 alpha 4(PGC1α4)induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity,and the signaling is transduced viaαV integrin in muscle.Conclusion: Together,our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.
文摘Patients with hematological tumors experience physical and psychological stress,and negative psychological states.Baduanjin,an emerging psychological rehabil-itation method combined with resistance exercise,has received widespread attention.This study reviews the current status of the application of Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise in improving the negative psychological state of patients with hematological tumors and discusses its problems and prospects.Through a literature review and comprehensive analysis,the application of Baduanjin and resistance exercise in the psychological rehabilitation of patients with hematological tumors was identified and evaluated.The results showed that Baduanjin with resistance exercise had a positive effect on improving negative psychological states of patients with hematological tumors,which can alleviate anxiety,depression,and other adverse emotions,and improve quality of life.However,there is a lack of unified and standardized exercise intervention programs for practical application,and patient participation and compliance must be improved.Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise can potentially improve the negative psychological status of patients with hematological tumors;however,it is still necessary to further standardize and improve the exercise program improving patient participation and compliance.Future studies should strengthen theoretical exploration and empirical research,providing more effective psychological rehabilitation strategies for patients with hematological tumors.
基金supported this research:The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31671240 to ZT,No.31900828 to YX).
文摘Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1(FSTL1),which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardial infarction(MI)by inducing angiogenesis.Methods:Male,adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=12 in each group):sham group(S),sedentary MI group(MI),MI+resistance exercise group(MR),MI+adeno-associated virus(AAV)-FSTL1 injection group(MA),and MI+AAV-FSTL1 injection+resistance exercise group(MAR).The AAV-FSTL1 vector was prepared by molecular biology methods and injected into the anterior tibialis muscle.The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.Rats in the MR and MAR groups underwent 4 weeks of dynamic resistance exercise training using a weighted climbing-up ladder.Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures.Collagen volume fraction of myocardium was observed and analyzed by Masson’s staining.Human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells culture and recombinant human FSTL1 protein or transforming growth factor-b receptor 1(TGFbR1)inhibitor treatment were used to elucidate the molecular signaling mechanism of FSTL1.Angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and disco interacting protein 2 homolog A(DIP2A)location were observed by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of FSTL1,DIP2A,and the activation of signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting.Angiogenesis of endothelial cells was observed by tubule experiment.One-way analysis of variance and Student’s t test were used for statistical analysis.Results:Resistance exercise stimulated the secretion of skeletal muscle FSTL1,which promoted myocardial angiogenesis,inhibited pathological remodeling,and protected cardiac function in MI rats.Exercise facilitated skeletal muscle FSTL1 to play a role in protecting the heart.Exogenous FSTL1 promoted the human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells proliferation and up-regulated the expression of DIP2A,while TGFbR1 inhibitor intervention down-regulated the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A,which was not conducive to angiogenesis.FSTL1 bound to the receptor,DIP2A,to regulate angiogenesis mainly through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.FSTL1-DIP2A directly activated Smad2/3 and was not affected by TGFbR1.Conclusion:Dynamic resistance exercise stimulates the expression of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1,which could supplement the insufficiency of cardiac FSTL1 and promote cardiac rehabilitation through the DIP2A-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in MI rats.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project,No.31702024Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Plan Project,No.J17KA258.
文摘Insulin resistance(IR)is the common pathophysiological basis of many metabolic diseases.IR is characterized by decreased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue,especially in skeletal muscle.Skeletal muscle is the main target tissue of glucose uptake under insulin stimulation.Glucose uptake by skeletal muscle is complex,and it is controlled by many pathways.The PI3K/AKt/GSK-1 signaling pathway is not only the main pathway for insulin signal transduction but also an important mechanism for regulating blood glucose.From the binding of insulin to its receptors on the surface of target cells to the transportation of glucose from extracellular fluid to skeletal muscle,a series of signal transduction processes is completed,any of which potentially affects the physiological effects of insulin and leads to IR.Resistance exercise(RT)can reduce skeletal muscle IR and effectively improve blood glucose control and glycosylated hemoglobin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the exact mechanism by which RT improves skeletal muscle IR remains unclear.Therefore,this paper discusses the above problems by tracking the progress of the literature to deepen the correlation between RT and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and provide further evidence for the application of exercise therapy in IR.In conclusion,RT mainly improves insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle by increasing muscle mass,microvascular blood flow,and glucose transporter-4 expression in skeletal muscle,as well as by reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation in skeletal muscle.Thus,it is potentially useful in the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
文摘Background:Hemodialysis is the major treatment option for patients with chronic kidney disease.With the increase in the number of maintenance hemodialysis patients,debilitating conditions of muscle willing and atrophy and numerous health problems associated with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis have become the most significant concerns.Methods:This randomized controlled trial study design will be conducted at Al-Najaf city in the southern region of Iraq and carried out on 68 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis for at least six months and who had a medically stable condition,which will be randomly divided into training group;exercise therapy and control,groups.The training group participated in 8-week(3 sessions per week)resistance exercise therapy in three sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension,hip flexion,and hip abduction with the use of an elastic band under the supervision of a training physiotherapist and researcher during the first hour of the three routine hemodialysis treatment session per week.But the control group did not experience any intervention.To analyze the data,two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests will be used at the significant level of(P=0.05).Discussion:Important features of this study include the randomization procedures,double-blind,large sample size,and a standardized protocol for resistance exercise training on the physical performance of hemodialysis patients.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of resistance exercise for the patient with chronic kidney disease and undergoing hemodialysis.Therefore,our results will be useful for patients with chronic kidney diseases,medical staff,and healthcare decision-makers.
基金Supported by Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan for Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2024ZL753and Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan,No.2024KY1406.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),a chronic metabolic disease with a high global incidence,has become a serious public health challenge.China has the largest number of T2DM patients worldwide,imposing a significant economic burden on the healthcare system.T2DM is closely associated with insulin resistance,impaired pancreatic B cell function,and disordered glucose and lipid metabolism,which can lead to various complications,reducing patients'quality of life and increasing the risk of disability and death.Thus,finding effective preventive and intervention measures is crucial.Exercise therapy,a key part of diabetes management,has gained attention in recent years,with many studies indicating its benefits for blood glucose control and other aspects in diabetic patients.AIM To assess the effectiveness of combined resistance and aerobic exercise interventions on blood glucose control and metabolic indicators in patients with T2DM and to explore their application in diabetes management.METHODS Systematic searches were conducted using PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Chinese databases for relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs).The inclusion criteria were participants aged≥18 years with T2DM and the intervention involved combined resistance and aerobic exercise for≥8 weeks.The primary outcome indicators were fasting blood glucose,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),triglycerides(TG),glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),and total cholesterol(TC)levels.Data analysis was performed using RevMan software,and the interventional effects were assessed using weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences(SMD).RESULTS Six RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were included,with a total sample size of 366 participants.The meta-analysis results showed that combined resistance and aerobic exercise significantly improved several metabolic indicators in patients with T2DM.Specific results were as follows:(1)For fasting blood glucose,combined exercise was more effective than aerobic exercise alone[SMD=1.22;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.70,1.74;P<0.00001];(2)LDL-C levels were significantly reduced by the combined intervention(SMD=1.45;95%CI:1.18-1.72;P<0.00001);(3)The combined intervention significantly increased HDL-C levels(SMD=1.42;95%CI:0.98-1.87;P<0.00001);(4)The combined intervention significantly reduced TG levels(SMD=1.12;95%CI:0.85-1.39;P<0.00001;(5)No statistically significant difference was observed in HbA1c between the combined and the aerobic exercise group(SMD=-0.03;95%CI:-1.09 to 1.04;P<0.00001);and(6)The combined exercise intervention group significantly reduced TC levels(SMD=2.66;95%CI:1.93-3.38;P<0.00001).The subgroup analysis results suggest that the effect of exercise interventions may be influenced by various factors,including the patient's age,baseline blood glucose levels,and exercise intensity.CONCLUSION Combined resistance and aerobic exercise intervention significantly improved fasting blood glucose,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG,and TC levels in patients with T2DM,especially in terms of blood glucose control and cardiovascular risk,demonstrating better outcomes than aerobic exercise alone.
基金supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq,process numbers 311939/2020-1, 441725/2023-6, and 308999/2022-3)the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES,finance code 001)the S?o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP,process numbers 2019/13210-0, 2019/11820-5, 2020/13443-1, 2022/14758-1, 2024/16630-8, and 2022/08930-6)
文摘Dear Editor,Obesity is a pandemic, chronic, multifactorial disease that contributes to numerous conditions, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) [1]. MAFLD is characterized by excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver in the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (e.g. obesity, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or elevated plasma glucose) and the absence of other apparent causes. Obese individuals may progress to the more severe condition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), an advanced stage of MAFLD characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation. MAFLD represents the initial phase of liver disease, with MASH as the intermediate stage and fibrosis or cirrhosis as the final stage if left untreated [1].
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871854,72374014)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2008804)+1 种基金the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Young Talent Cultivation Program in Liberal Arts(2024QN041)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine:Nursing Development Program(SJTUHLXK2024).
文摘Background Evidence on the effects of different exercise interventions on cognitive function is insufficient.Aims To evaluate the feasibility and effects of remotely supervised aerobic exercise(AE)and resistance exercise(RE)interventions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods This study is a 6-month pilot three-arm randomised controlled trial.Eligible participants(n=108)were recruited and randomised to the AE group,RE group or control(CON)group with a 1:1:1 ratio.Interventions were delivered at home with remote supervision.We evaluated participants’global cognition,memory,executive function,attention,physical activity levels,physical performance and muscle strength of limbs at baseline,3 months(T1)and 6 months(T2)after randomisation.A linear mixed-effects model was adopted for data analyses after controlling for covariates.Tukey’s method was used for adjusting for multiple comparisons.Sensitivity analyses were performed after excluding individuals with low compliance rates.Results 15(13.89%)participants dropped out.The median compliance rates in the AE group and RE group were 67.31%and 93.27%,respectively.After adjusting for covariates,the scores of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale in the AE group decreased by 2.04(95%confidence interval(CI)−3.41 to−0.67,t=−2.94,p=0.004)and 1.53(95%CI−2.88 to−0.17,t=−2.22,p=0.028)points more than those in the CON group at T1 and T2,respectively.The effects of AE were still significant at T1(estimate=−1.70,95%CI−3.20 to−0.21,t=−2.69,p=0.021),but lost statistical significance at T2 after adjusting for multiple comparisons.As for executive function,the Stroop time interference in the RE group decreased by 11.76 s(95%CI−21.62 to−1.90,t=−2.81,p=0.015)more than that in the AE group at T2 after Tukey’s adjustment.No other significant effects on cognitive functions were found.Conclusions Both remotely supervised AE and RE programmes are feasible in older adults with MCI.AE has positive effects on global cognition,and RE improves executive function.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31371199).
文摘Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether skeletal muscle-derived follistatin-like 1(FSTL1)reaches the heart and exerts the angiogenetic function in rats suffering myocardial infarctions(MI)after exercise intervention.Methods Forty-eight male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups.MI was provoked by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery.MI rats underwent adeno-associated virus injection of FST1 in tibialis anterior muscle and 4 weeks of resistance exercise via a tail-suspended incremental weight-climbing method(0-75%body weight,daily load increased by 10%;1 h/day,5 day/w).Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamics including LVSP,LVEDP and±dP/dt max;the cross-sectional area of muscle cells and myocardium fibrosis were analyzed by DiI and Masson’s stain-ing,respectively;the FSTL1 expression,endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis were visualized by immunofluores-cence staining;and protein expression was quantified by Western blotting.Results Resistance exercise reverted MI-induced skeletal muscle atrophy,increased muscle FSTL1 expression and stimulated skeletal muscle derived FSTL1 entering into the MI heart via blood circulation.The overexpression of skeletal muscle FSTL1 improved myocardial endothelial cell proliferation,increased small vessel density in the fibrotic border,inhibited myocardial fibrosis and improved heart function in the MI rats after the exercise intervention.Meanwhile,DIP2A-PI3K-Akt-mTOR,Erk1/2 and TGFβ-Smad2/3 pathways were activated in the myocardium.Conclusion Resistance exercise stimulates skeletal muscle derived FSTL1 to reach the myocardium which makes a positive contribution to cardioprotection in MI rat.
文摘Background:The benefits of exercise are well known;however,many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Skeletal muscle secretes myokines,which mediate muscleorgan crosstalk.Myokines regulate satellite-cell proliferation and migration,inflammatory cascade,insulin secretion,angiogenesis,fatty oxidation,and cancer suppression.To date,the effects of different exercise modes(namely,aerobic and resistance exercise)on myokine response remain to be elucidated.This is crucial considering the clinical implementation of exercise to enhance general health and wellbeing and as a medical treatment.Methods:A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed,MEDLINE,CINAHL,Embase,SPORTDiscus,andWeb of Science in April 2023.Eligible studies examining the effects of a single bout of exercise on interleukin15(IL-15),irisin,secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC),oncostatinM(OSM),and decorin were included.A random-effects meta-analysis was also undertaken to quantify the magnitude of change.Results:Sixty-two studies were included(n=1193).Overall,exercise appeared to induce small to large increases in myokine expression,with effects observed immediately after to 60 min post-exercise,although these were mostly not statistically significant.Both aerobic and resistance exercise resulted in changes in myokine levels,without any significant difference between training modes,and with the magnitude of change differing across myokines.Myokine levels returned to baseline levels within 180 min to 24 h post-exercise.However,owing to potential sources of heterogeneity,most changes were not statistically significant,indicating that precise conclusions cannot be drawn.Conclusion:Knowledge is limited but expanding with respect to the impact of overall and specific effects of exercise on myokine expression at different time points in the systemic circulation.Further research is required to investigate the effects of different exercise modes at multiple time points on myokine response.
文摘Background Physical activity programs using components of resistance have the potential to improve health in school chil-dren.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a school-based resistance exercise program on physical fitness in elementary school students.Methods The sample was 256 children(mean age=8.3±2.5 years;119 girls)from kindergarten to 5th grade.Participants performed a 10-min resistance exercise 2-3 times in each school day.Physical fitness outcomes were assessed using President’s Physical Fitness Challenge test.Measures were collected at baseline and at a 6-month post-test time point.A 2×2 doubly MANOVA was employed to examine the effect of sex and time.Results The multivariate model was statistically significant with a main time effect(Wilks’λ=0.19,F=290.9,P<0.001).Follow-univariate tests found significant differences between time-points on flex arm hang(P=0.033),shuttle run(P<0.001),and 1-mile run/walk times(P<0.001).Conclusions A 6-month resistance exercise program improved upper body strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in elementary school aged children.The use of resistance exercise intervention during school day can be effectively used to promote physical fitness and ultimately improve the health of children.
基金TagedPThis work was supported by the following grants:Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by FEDER(Grant number PIE15/00013)SAF2016-75508-R from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science(MEC)+2 种基金CB16/10/00435(CIBERFES)PROMETEOII2014/056 from Conselleria,de Sanitat de la Generalitat Valenciana and EU Funded CM1001 and FRAILOMICHEALTH.2012.2.1.1-2ADVANTAGE-724099 Join Action(HP-JA)3rd EU Health Programme and DIALBFRAIL-LATAM(825546 H2020-SC1-BHC).
文摘Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century.Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most common type of dementia,is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old.Several lifestyle factors may increase,or reduce,an individual’s risk of developing AD.Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity.Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity.The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago.In this review,we discuss the role of exercise(aerobic and resistance)training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD.Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition.We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies.We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid b turnover,inflammation,synthesis and release of neurotrophins,and improvements in cerebral blood flow.Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide.Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations.
文摘Aging is characterized by the gradual deterioration of function at the molecular,cellular,tissue,and organism levels in humans.The typical diseases caused by changes in body composition,as well as functional decline in the human body’s organs due to aging include sarcopenia and metabolic disorders.The accumulation of dysfunctional agingβcells with age can cause decreased glucose tolerance and diabetes.Muscle decline has a multifactorial origin,involving lifestyle habits,disease triggers,and age-dependent biological changes.The reduced function ofβcells in elderly people lowers insulin sensitivity,which affects protein synthesis and interferes with muscle synthesis.The functional decrease and aggravation of disease in elderly people with less regular exercise or physical activity causes imbalances in food intake and a continuous,vicious cycle.In contrast,resistance exercise increases the function ofβcells and protein synthesis in elderly people.In this review,we discuss regular physical activities or exercises to prevent and improve health,which is sarcopenia as decreased muscle mass and metabolic disorders as diabetes in the elderly.
文摘Background:Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that compared to engaging in 1 activity mode alone,a combination of moderate-tovigorous physical activity(MVPA:brisk walking/jogging,cycling)and muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE:push-ups/sit-ups,using weight machines)has more favorable associations with optimal weight status.However,few studies have examined the dose-dependent and joint associations of MVPA and MSE with obesity.Methods:Based on cross-sectional analyses of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2(2013-2014),we examined prevalence ratios(PRs)of joint and stratified associations between MVPA(4 categories:(ⅰ)0 min/week,(ⅱ)1-149 min/week,(ⅲ)150-299 min/week,and(ⅳ)≥300 min/week)and MSE(3 categories:(ⅰ)0 day/week,(ⅱ)1 day/week,and(ⅲ)>2 days/week)with body mass index-defined obesity(body mass index of>30.0 kg/m2)using Poisson regression with robust error variance.PRs were examined unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics(e.g.,sex,age,education,income,and smoking status).Results:Data were available for 280,456 adults(≥18 years),of which 46,166(15.5%)were obese.The interaction MVPA x MSE guideline adherence was statistically significant for obesity(p≤0.05).The joint MVPA-MSE analysis showed that compared to the reference group(i.e.,no MVPA and no MSE),the PRs followed a dose-dependent pattern,with the lowest observed among those reporting≥150 MVPA min/week and≥1 MSE days/week(PR:0.43;95%confidence interval:0.41-0.46).When stratified across each MVPA strata,the PRs were mostly lower among those engaging in MSE 1 day/week,as compared to those doing MSE≥2 days/week.Conclusion:"There was evidence for a dose-dependent association between joint MVPA-MSE with a reduced prevalence of obesity.Public health strategies for the prevention and management of obesity should recommend both MVPA and MSE.
文摘An increasing aging population greatly impacts health care services worldwide.A large percentage of healthcare expenditures for seniors arise from the negative outcomes of muscle loss,also known as sarcopenia.Aging-related losses of muscle strength and quality impair balance,walking ability and endurance and cause negative events such as falls,incident disability and frailty.This review systemically explores the significance of sarcopenia in the elderly and addresses several important physiological mechanisms of sarcopenia.The implications of crucial exercise regimens that improve muscle strength and delay the onset of sarcopenia are also discussed.
基金supported by China National Key R&D Pro gram during the 13th Five-year Plan Period(No.2020YFC2005605)China National Key R&D Program during the 13th Five-year Plan Period(No.2020YFC2005604)the Comprehensive intervention technology and product develop ment for sarcopenia in the elderly National Project of Multidis ciplinary Management of Major Diseases,2020.(No.2199000764).
文摘Background and Objectives:Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that can adversely affect an individual’s health and quality of life.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined nutritional and exercise intervention among older adults who were at risk of sarcopenia.Methods and Study Design:46 older adults were included in a 30±3 days intervention that combined oral nutritional supple ments with resistance exercise.Parameters were measured at baseline(day 0)and after intervention(day 30±3),including routine parameters of sarcopenia,blood tests,and body measurements.The ITT analysis method was used,and the data were analysed using paired t-tests/paired Wilcoxon test,and ANOVA.Results:Among the 46 participants,there were no significant changes in hip circumference(HC),muscle mass of both lower limbs,ap pendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI),and hemoglobin(Hb)after intervention.However,both hand grip strength(GS)significantly increased,as did muscle mass of both upper limbs and the total muscle strength.Blood tests showed a slight increase in albumin(ALB)levels and a significant increase in 25-OH-D levels,while the waist(WC)and calf circumferences(CC)also increased significantly after intervention.Somatic motor per formance improved significantly in the 6-meter walk and 5 sit-ups tests.Conclusions:The combined nutritional and exercise intervention was feasible and effective in improving muscle mass and strength,especially in the up per limbs,as well as somatic motor performance among older adults at risk of sarcopenia.It could be beneficial among three stages of sarcopenia.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has becomeone of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide and has been recognized as a major health burden.The prevalence of NAFLD has grown proportionallywith the rise in obesity,sedentary lifestyle,unhealthydietary pattern,and metabolic syndrome.Currently,there is no drug therapy that can be formulated fortreating NAFLD.A combination of dietary modificationsand increased physical activity remains the mainstayof NAFLD management.It is hard to maintain thismode of management;however,it seems to havesignificant long-term benefits.Furthermore,NAFLDpatients,whether obese or not,should be educatedthat a healthy diet and physical activity have benefitsbeyond weight reduction.Further large controlled randomized trials are needed in order to identify the bestdietary regimen and physical activity in the management of NAFLD patients.This review highlights the roleof diet and lifestyle modifications in the managementof NAFLD,and focuses on human studies regarding dietary modifications and physical activity.
文摘In recent years,the Westernization of dietary habits and increasingly sedentary lifestyle have contributed to a marked increase in the number of type 2 diabetes patients.Sedentary behavior may play a significant role in the development and aggravation of type 2 diabetes.The results of various follow-up studies have demonstrated that proper diet combined with physical exer-cise is useful in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.A nationwide survey regarding exercise therapy for diabetes patients in Japan revealed that relatively few physicians provide patients with exercise guidance because of time constraints,that the physicians do not receive additional consultation fee,and that there is a lack of specialized physical exercise educa-tors.Physical exercise promotes the utilization of glucose and free fatty acids in the muscles,and thus lowers blood glucose(BG)levels.Dietary restriction and physical exercise are effective in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes by improving the in vivo sensitivity to insulin.Most adults with diabetes should engage in 150 min or more of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic activity per week,spread out over at least 3 days/week,with no more than two consecutive days without activity.Mild-intensity resistance training such as half squat and calf raise is recommended for elderly individuals who have decreased muscle strength and mass(sarcopenia).Prolonged sitting should be interrupted every 30 min for BG benefits,particularly in adults with type 2 diabetes.Individuals with type 2 diabetes are also encouraged to increase their total daily unstructured physical activity(daily movement).
文摘Background Debates exist about the preference for single-or multiple-set resistance exercise(RE)on achieving similar training outcome,however,no study examined their effects on the heart,thus,this study was to examine the effect of volume-matched single-and multiple-set RE on the myocardial response through examining rate pressure product(RPP).Methods Fourteen healthy untrained college students performed two leg press exercises(4×10 and 1×40 at 150%body mass)on different days,and each was performed twice in a counterbalanced crossover order.Pre-and post-exercise SBP and HR were measured by auscultatory method,RPP was calculated as SBP×HR×10^(-3),RPP difference(RPPdiff)was calcu-lated by post-exercise RPP subtracting pre-exercise RPP.Results Single-set post-exercise RPP(17.48±3.16 mmHg·beats/min),HR(123.86±20.25 beats/min)was significantly greater than multiple-set post-exercise RPP(13.66±3.04 mmHg·beats/min),HR(101.61±19.14 beats/min),respec-tively.There was no significant difference of SBP(141.07±9.37 vs.134.29±15.16 mmHg)between exercise protocols(P=0.13).The RPPdiff of single-set(6.74±2.86 mmHg·beats/min)was significantly greater than that of multiple-set(3.62±2.90 mmHg·beats/min)(P<0.001).Conclusions Single-set RE exerts a greater myocardial oxygenation response as compared to multiple-set,HR contributed more than SBP to the increase of RPP in RE.The results indicate that single-set RE can be warranted when wanting to train the heart,while multiple-set RE would appear best for those who should avoid heart stress.
