The world is suffering more and more serious climate change events this summer[1]:temperature records broken constantly,ocean waters as warm as hot tubs,floods are raging around the world.It has been confirmed that th...The world is suffering more and more serious climate change events this summer[1]:temperature records broken constantly,ocean waters as warm as hot tubs,floods are raging around the world.It has been confirmed that the July 2023 was the hottest month in recorded history and the average global temperature was 1.54ºC above the preindustrial average for July[2].The world seems to be entering the tipping points of climate change beyond which climate change will occur more dramatic and quickly,become self-perpetuating and difficult or impossible to undo[3].展开更多
Dynamic</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> urbanization of African cities has created development traj...Dynamic</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> urbanization of African cities has created development trajectories that face systemic challenges in the provision of sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. The specific challenges include extensive unregulated growth with informal settlements reflecting poor service levels and high poverty indices, inadequacy in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">provision</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of basic services in health, water, housing, transport </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> communication infrastructure, high reliance on biomass fuels, exposure to environmental stress </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> implausible climate change coping and mitigation mechanisms among others. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Review</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of extensive literature and synthesis of existing bodies of knowledge on the ecological and management perspectives of urban environments revealed many gaps and understanding of urban transformation processes. The purpose of this review was to contextualize credible pathways for optimization of both ecosystem goods and services from green urban landscapes (Green infrastructure) and non-green infrastructure to ensure sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. Attempts were made to rationalize and validate through discussions the benefits of managed urban ecosystems for African cities. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">On the basis of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the evidence from the literature, it is concluded that urban development trajectories that do not embrace multifaceted approaches that deliberately retain and maintain green infrastructure in the urban environment may not be cost-effective. It is recommended that systematic integration of urban forestry concepts in urban planning that involves communities, local and national governments, business entrepreneurs </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> public and private research institutions provides tenable frameworks for addressing current and future challenges of urbanization in Africa.展开更多
Natural and human-made disasters are threatening cities around the world.The resilience of cities plays a critical role in disaster risk response and post-disaster recovery.In mountainous cities,landslides are among t...Natural and human-made disasters are threatening cities around the world.The resilience of cities plays a critical role in disaster risk response and post-disaster recovery.In mountainous cities,landslides are among the most frequent and destructive hazards.This study presents a novel methodological framework for assessing the spatial resilience of mountainous cities specifically against landslides.Focusing on Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir region,this study conceptually divides the disaster resilience of mountain cities to landslides into two dimensions:environmental resilience and social resilience.This study developed a comprehensive database by compiling data from 4,464 historical landslide events,incorporating 17 environmental resilience indicators and 16 social resilience indicators.Random forest(RF)model was employed to evaluate environmental resilience,achieving a high AUC of 0.968 and an accuracy of 97.1%.Social resilience was assessed by the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),and comprehensive resilience was ranked by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS).Key findings include:(1)Establishing a multi-dimensional resilience indicator system that effectively assesses landslide-oriented resilience in mountainous cities.(2)Comprehensive resilience in mountainous cities exhibit distinct spatial clustering patterns.Regions with lower environmental resilience are mainly characterized by high rainfall and complex terrain.higher social resilience concentrated in city centers,while peripheral regions face challenges due to weaker economies and inadequate healthcare infrastructure.(3)In the future development of mountain cities,comprehensive and sustainable strategies should be adopted to balance the relationship between environmental resilience and social resilience.This study provides a robust framework for disaster prevention and resilience assessment in mountainous cities,which can be applied to evaluate the disaster resistance capabilities of other mountainous cities.展开更多
Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure,it is crucial to adopt best practices.Modular construction is one such practice and is co...Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure,it is crucial to adopt best practices.Modular construction is one such practice and is considered a better alternative to conventional construction in terms of resilience,construction times,resource efficiency,and sustainability.However,the continued expansion of modular construction relies on quantifying and evaluating its sustainability and the purported benefits.This paper develops and checks feasibility through an integrated multi-level decision support framework to empirically evaluate the sustainability performances of single-family residential modular homes.Criteria and indicator development and calculation,benchmark scale establishment,quantitative and qualitative data collection from literature and surveys,and multi-criteria decision analysis are unique aspects of this framework.The results of the two case studies located in the Okanagan region,Canada showed that modular homes perform at a higher level of sustainability than their conventional counterparts across multiple metrics and levels related to environmental and economic factors.The modular homes scored eco-efficiency values of 62.5 and 56.0,respectively and fell into higher performance range.The proposed frame-work offers flexibility in examining different dimensions of sustainability,providing valuable insights into the key parameters that need to be addressed to enhance overall sustainability.This research,which integrates life cycle thinking and decision-making,helps the construction industry and,municipalities,governments,and pol-icymakers in making informed decisions on the selection of suitable construction methods in city developments and move towards a more resilient and sustainable sector.展开更多
This paper develops a conceptual model and an indicator system for measuring economic resilience of resource-based cities based on the theory of evolutionary resilience and the related concepts of persistence, adaptat...This paper develops a conceptual model and an indicator system for measuring economic resilience of resource-based cities based on the theory of evolutionary resilience and the related concepts of persistence, adaptation, and transformation. Nineteen resource-based cities in Northeast China were analyzed using the indicator system. The results showed that Liaoning and Jilin provinces had higher economic resilience than Heilongjiang Province. Panjin, Benxi, and Anshan in Liaoning Province were the top three cities, while Shuangyashan and other coal-based cities in Heilongjiang Province ranked last. Metals-and petroleum-based cities had significantly higher resilience than coal-based cities. The differences in persistence, adaptability, transformation, and resilience among resource-based cities decreased since the introduction of the Northeast Revitalization Strategy in 2003. Forestry-based cities improved the most in terms of resilience, followed by metals-based and multiple-resource cities; however, resilience dropped for coal-based cities, and petroleum-based cities falling the most. The findings illustrate the importance and the way to develop a differentiated approach to improve resilience among resource-based cities.展开更多
The recession and revitalization of old industrial cities concerns urban industrial evolution and its characteristics. Based on the theory of evolutionary resilience, we developed an analytical framework for the indus...The recession and revitalization of old industrial cities concerns urban industrial evolution and its characteristics. Based on the theory of evolutionary resilience, we developed an analytical framework for the industrial structure evolution of old industrial cities, and applied the framework to a case study in Shenyang. The following conclusions are drawn. First, since 1978, Shenyang's industrial growth capacity has shown fluctuation between ‘contraction-expansion'. As the secondary industry has a much stronger expansionary and contractionary capacity for growth, this results in lacking stability leading to industrial structure transformation. Second, since 1999, the orientation towards a high-end manufacturing industry in Shenyang has weakened, and the evolution of the new and old growth path is characterized by low-end orientation. Third, since 2007, Shenyang's industrial innovation output capacity has dropped sharply which has been significantly affected by scientific and technological personnel and enterprise-owed science and technology institutions and to a less extent by R&D expenditure. We applied the resilience theory to study the industrial evolution of an old industrial city, explored new study perspectives on industrial evolution and verified the applicability of the resilience theory. This paper provides a scientific reference for understanding the recent deceleration in economic growth in the Northeast old industrial base, and for exploring new paths toward revitalization.展开更多
The climate change brought disaster impact to a city. Cities are complex and interdependent systems, extremely vulnerable to threats from both natural hazards and terrorism. A city resilience is the capacity of a city...The climate change brought disaster impact to a city. Cities are complex and interdependent systems, extremely vulnerable to threats from both natural hazards and terrorism. A city resilience is the capacity of a city to function, so that citizens survive and thrive no matter what stresses or shocks they encounter. The cities need to be built for greater resilience and developed strategies for coping with the future shocks and stresses associated with climate change. This study explores that, from the concepts of city governance, the balanced scorecard correlates with city development in the process of city resilience development and constructs city resilience indicators to evaluate and the balanced scorecard raise the management performance. During the process of building the balanced scorecard, each problem can be faced and solved. To run the balanced scorecard is a continuous job and to become a resilient city coping with good city governance must adjust the balanced scorecard to meet its goals and vision to achieve sustainable development of the city.展开更多
China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and t...China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.From 2017 to 2021,the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this area.The achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally visualized.China’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and management.The future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.展开更多
The development of a disaster resilience measurement system that adapts to mountainous cities is of practical significance for understanding the resilience of mountainous cities in China.Based on a comparative analysi...The development of a disaster resilience measurement system that adapts to mountainous cities is of practical significance for understanding the resilience of mountainous cities in China.Based on a comparative analysis of existing disaster resilience measurement systems in China and abroad,this paper develops a disaster resilience measurement system for China's mountainous cities in line with their unique characteristics,and selects 47 typical mountainous cities in Southwest China for empirical study.The findings indicate that the disaster resilience of mountainous cities is strong in the northern and eastern parts,while it is weak in the southern and western parts,exhibiting a U-shaped gradient distribution pattern.Meanwhile,the development status of resilience is closely related to the spatial environment,infrastructure construction,and local economic growth.The paper concludes by proposing targeted improvement strategies,with a view to providing a reference for the construction of resilient mountainous cities in China.展开更多
City resilience is a hot topic in the field of urban planning,and it is a solution and urban renewal and renovation approach for the problems of modern cities.Taking the old urban districts of Wu’an City,Hebei Provin...City resilience is a hot topic in the field of urban planning,and it is a solution and urban renewal and renovation approach for the problems of modern cities.Taking the old urban districts of Wu’an City,Hebei Province for example,this paper applied analysis methods such as space syntax and facility diversity to analyze the current problems of the study areas from the perspectives of road traffic,supporting facilities,proposed urban design renewal and renovation strategies for old urban districts,which would be significant for defining the timing sequence of urban renewal,improving the locals’ life quality and promoting resilience of old urban districts.展开更多
Rapid urbanization and global warming cause a sharp increase of frequency and intensity of stormwater disaster. Urban design, depending on the methodology of urban form and the creation of the spatial environment to p...Rapid urbanization and global warming cause a sharp increase of frequency and intensity of stormwater disaster. Urban design, depending on the methodology of urban form and the creation of the spatial environment to promote stormwater resilience, has broken through the traditional design mode and become an efficient path leading to addressing urban stormwater disaster. Firstly, this paper discusses the concept and connotation of stormwater resilient urban design based on the resilient city theory in order to set up the theoretical framework of the design method. Then combining with the specific cases and focusing on four key problems of urban design, the practical urban design methods in favor of stormwater resilience are analyzed, including the optimization of land use, the organization of urban structure, the creation of multi-functional space, and the integration of urban systems. In the end, the paper further analyzes the challenges in practical application. Stormwater resilient urban design expands the boundary of traditional urban design and provides a new choice for performance-based e co-city design.展开更多
The trend of climate warming and deeper globalization is adding new content to urban risks in Shanghai, resulting in the adaption of traditional comprehensive defense planning to the new environment. Based on the resi...The trend of climate warming and deeper globalization is adding new content to urban risks in Shanghai, resulting in the adaption of traditional comprehensive defense planning to the new environment. Based on the resilient city theory, this paper proposes a transition for Shanghai from an original comprehensive defense to a resilient city vision through strategic framework and approaches from the three aspects of engineering technology, spatial defense, and social governance in the New Normal age. Meanwhile, it suggests that Shanghai should use information technology to enhance the level of risk monitoring and to improve engineering design standards; strengthen the resilience from the scales of "life circle-urban circle-municipal administrative area"; and innovate as well as improve the social safety governance.展开更多
Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably abse...Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably absent.Thus,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring themes.The study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation analyses.The findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the country.Most studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban studies.Keyword analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to terrorism.Thematic analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and counterterrorism.This study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.展开更多
Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses si...Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses significant risks, including human loss and property damage, due to the high flow rate and velocity carried by roads. Moreover, urban roads with low flood-resilience may significantly hamper the transportation function during severe storms, leading to dysfunction of the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform risk-oriented flood passages into resilient urban road-based flood passages. This paper presents a systematic review of existing methodologies in designing a road network-based flood passage system, along with the discussion of new technologies to enhance system resilience. The study also addresses current knowledge gaps and future directions. The results indicate that flood management measures based on the urban road network should integrate accessibility assessment, lifeline and emergency planning to ensure human well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the special needs and features of vulnerable groups must be taken into serious consideration during the planning stage. In addition, a data-driven approach is recommended to facilitate real-time management and evaluate future works.展开更多
Accurate simulations of planetary boundary layer(PBL)winds in urban areas require combining meteorological knowledge and fine-grained geometrical information.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is widely used to assess p...Accurate simulations of planetary boundary layer(PBL)winds in urban areas require combining meteorological knowledge and fine-grained geometrical information.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is widely used to assess pedestrian wind comfort and wind disasters in planning resilient cities.However,the CFD-predicted PBL is highly affected by the inflow boundaries.Wind profiles under extreme weather conditions,such as tropical cyclones,can hardly be determined,and associated uniform logarithmic or power law expressions have not been obtained.In this study,urban wind flow over mountainous terrain was simulated using a one-way nested simulation approach between mesoscale and microscale models.The inflow wind speed,turbulence scalars,and potential temperature in the CFD code are sustained by the numerical weather prediction(NWP)model.Methodologies considering typhoon weather conditions were examined to improve the numerical accuracy in determining mesoscale typhoon structures and pedestrian-level wind conditions.The numerical errors were quantified in mesoscale and microscale formulations.A new tendency assimilation was proposed by incorporating local-scale observations into the CFD domain.This approach entailed empirical mode decomposition to quantify the mean wind speed differences between the observations and NWP results,which were then extrapolated to NWP-CFD nested interfaces via multiplication by the spatial correlation coefficient.The numerical performance was validated against both on-site observations for meteorological purposes and wind profiles retrieved from the experimental LiDAR of the landfalling typhoon Haima.The simulated wind field exhibited an increased accuracy in the local urban area.More specifically,the index of agreement in wind speeds was improved from 0.28 to 0.72,and the mean absolute errors were reduced from 5.46 m/s to 1.89 m/s.展开更多
As global risks and disasters increase,resilience is needed to cope with risks and uncertainties.Cities are the subject of a large amount of resilience research.Hence resilient urban development covers many areas.Theo...As global risks and disasters increase,resilience is needed to cope with risks and uncertainties.Cities are the subject of a large amount of resilience research.Hence resilient urban development covers many areas.Theoretical resilience research either focuses on a special field or extends over the context of a single analysis and evaluation system.There is a lack of multi-perspective comprehensive analysis and evaluation methods in the existing research.This paper reviews different theoretical frameworks of resilience through an induction method,and analyzes the resilience evaluation methods by means of literature-based measurement and visual expression methods.Based on the theoretical frameworks,this paper develops a model integrating different resilience analysis types and extends it to four interrelated dimensions in order to visualize the correspondence between the analysis frameworks and the evaluation methods.Finally,the paper develops a comprehensive approach to resilience analysis and evaluation,which is of great significance for understanding how resilient cities operate.展开更多
文摘The world is suffering more and more serious climate change events this summer[1]:temperature records broken constantly,ocean waters as warm as hot tubs,floods are raging around the world.It has been confirmed that the July 2023 was the hottest month in recorded history and the average global temperature was 1.54ºC above the preindustrial average for July[2].The world seems to be entering the tipping points of climate change beyond which climate change will occur more dramatic and quickly,become self-perpetuating and difficult or impossible to undo[3].
文摘Dynamic</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> urbanization of African cities has created development trajectories that face systemic challenges in the provision of sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. The specific challenges include extensive unregulated growth with informal settlements reflecting poor service levels and high poverty indices, inadequacy in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">provision</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of basic services in health, water, housing, transport </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> communication infrastructure, high reliance on biomass fuels, exposure to environmental stress </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> implausible climate change coping and mitigation mechanisms among others. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Review</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of extensive literature and synthesis of existing bodies of knowledge on the ecological and management perspectives of urban environments revealed many gaps and understanding of urban transformation processes. The purpose of this review was to contextualize credible pathways for optimization of both ecosystem goods and services from green urban landscapes (Green infrastructure) and non-green infrastructure to ensure sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. Attempts were made to rationalize and validate through discussions the benefits of managed urban ecosystems for African cities. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">On the basis of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the evidence from the literature, it is concluded that urban development trajectories that do not embrace multifaceted approaches that deliberately retain and maintain green infrastructure in the urban environment may not be cost-effective. It is recommended that systematic integration of urban forestry concepts in urban planning that involves communities, local and national governments, business entrepreneurs </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> public and private research institutions provides tenable frameworks for addressing current and future challenges of urbanization in Africa.
基金funding for this research was provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3007204).
文摘Natural and human-made disasters are threatening cities around the world.The resilience of cities plays a critical role in disaster risk response and post-disaster recovery.In mountainous cities,landslides are among the most frequent and destructive hazards.This study presents a novel methodological framework for assessing the spatial resilience of mountainous cities specifically against landslides.Focusing on Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir region,this study conceptually divides the disaster resilience of mountain cities to landslides into two dimensions:environmental resilience and social resilience.This study developed a comprehensive database by compiling data from 4,464 historical landslide events,incorporating 17 environmental resilience indicators and 16 social resilience indicators.Random forest(RF)model was employed to evaluate environmental resilience,achieving a high AUC of 0.968 and an accuracy of 97.1%.Social resilience was assessed by the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),and comprehensive resilience was ranked by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS).Key findings include:(1)Establishing a multi-dimensional resilience indicator system that effectively assesses landslide-oriented resilience in mountainous cities.(2)Comprehensive resilience in mountainous cities exhibit distinct spatial clustering patterns.Regions with lower environmental resilience are mainly characterized by high rainfall and complex terrain.higher social resilience concentrated in city centers,while peripheral regions face challenges due to weaker economies and inadequate healthcare infrastructure.(3)In the future development of mountain cities,comprehensive and sustainable strategies should be adopted to balance the relationship between environmental resilience and social resilience.This study provides a robust framework for disaster prevention and resilience assessment in mountainous cities,which can be applied to evaluate the disaster resistance capabilities of other mountainous cities.
文摘Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure,it is crucial to adopt best practices.Modular construction is one such practice and is considered a better alternative to conventional construction in terms of resilience,construction times,resource efficiency,and sustainability.However,the continued expansion of modular construction relies on quantifying and evaluating its sustainability and the purported benefits.This paper develops and checks feasibility through an integrated multi-level decision support framework to empirically evaluate the sustainability performances of single-family residential modular homes.Criteria and indicator development and calculation,benchmark scale establishment,quantitative and qualitative data collection from literature and surveys,and multi-criteria decision analysis are unique aspects of this framework.The results of the two case studies located in the Okanagan region,Canada showed that modular homes perform at a higher level of sustainability than their conventional counterparts across multiple metrics and levels related to environmental and economic factors.The modular homes scored eco-efficiency values of 62.5 and 56.0,respectively and fell into higher performance range.The proposed frame-work offers flexibility in examining different dimensions of sustainability,providing valuable insights into the key parameters that need to be addressed to enhance overall sustainability.This research,which integrates life cycle thinking and decision-making,helps the construction industry and,municipalities,governments,and pol-icymakers in making informed decisions on the selection of suitable construction methods in city developments and move towards a more resilient and sustainable sector.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571152,41201160,41601124,41201159,71541021)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSZD-EW-Z-021)the Key Consulting Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y02015005)
文摘This paper develops a conceptual model and an indicator system for measuring economic resilience of resource-based cities based on the theory of evolutionary resilience and the related concepts of persistence, adaptation, and transformation. Nineteen resource-based cities in Northeast China were analyzed using the indicator system. The results showed that Liaoning and Jilin provinces had higher economic resilience than Heilongjiang Province. Panjin, Benxi, and Anshan in Liaoning Province were the top three cities, while Shuangyashan and other coal-based cities in Heilongjiang Province ranked last. Metals-and petroleum-based cities had significantly higher resilience than coal-based cities. The differences in persistence, adaptability, transformation, and resilience among resource-based cities decreased since the introduction of the Northeast Revitalization Strategy in 2003. Forestry-based cities improved the most in terms of resilience, followed by metals-based and multiple-resource cities; however, resilience dropped for coal-based cities, and petroleum-based cities falling the most. The findings illustrate the importance and the way to develop a differentiated approach to improve resilience among resource-based cities.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571152,41771179,41630749,41601124)the Key Deployment Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-SSW-SQC)135 Planning and Featured Services Projects of IGA,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y6H2091001)
文摘The recession and revitalization of old industrial cities concerns urban industrial evolution and its characteristics. Based on the theory of evolutionary resilience, we developed an analytical framework for the industrial structure evolution of old industrial cities, and applied the framework to a case study in Shenyang. The following conclusions are drawn. First, since 1978, Shenyang's industrial growth capacity has shown fluctuation between ‘contraction-expansion'. As the secondary industry has a much stronger expansionary and contractionary capacity for growth, this results in lacking stability leading to industrial structure transformation. Second, since 1999, the orientation towards a high-end manufacturing industry in Shenyang has weakened, and the evolution of the new and old growth path is characterized by low-end orientation. Third, since 2007, Shenyang's industrial innovation output capacity has dropped sharply which has been significantly affected by scientific and technological personnel and enterprise-owed science and technology institutions and to a less extent by R&D expenditure. We applied the resilience theory to study the industrial evolution of an old industrial city, explored new study perspectives on industrial evolution and verified the applicability of the resilience theory. This paper provides a scientific reference for understanding the recent deceleration in economic growth in the Northeast old industrial base, and for exploring new paths toward revitalization.
文摘The climate change brought disaster impact to a city. Cities are complex and interdependent systems, extremely vulnerable to threats from both natural hazards and terrorism. A city resilience is the capacity of a city to function, so that citizens survive and thrive no matter what stresses or shocks they encounter. The cities need to be built for greater resilience and developed strategies for coping with the future shocks and stresses associated with climate change. This study explores that, from the concepts of city governance, the balanced scorecard correlates with city development in the process of city resilience development and constructs city resilience indicators to evaluate and the balanced scorecard raise the management performance. During the process of building the balanced scorecard, each problem can be faced and solved. To run the balanced scorecard is a continuous job and to become a resilient city coping with good city governance must adjust the balanced scorecard to meet its goals and vision to achieve sustainable development of the city.
基金supported by two projects initialed China Geological Survey: “Evaluation on Soil and Water Quality and Geological Survey in Xiong’an New Area (DD20189122)” and “Monitoring and Evaluation on Carrying Capacity of Resource and Environment in BeijingTianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Zone and Xiong’an New Area (DD20221727)”
文摘China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.From 2017 to 2021,the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this area.The achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally visualized.China’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and management.The future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.
基金funded by the General Program of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0293)the Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science,South China University of Technology(No.2022ZB05)。
文摘The development of a disaster resilience measurement system that adapts to mountainous cities is of practical significance for understanding the resilience of mountainous cities in China.Based on a comparative analysis of existing disaster resilience measurement systems in China and abroad,this paper develops a disaster resilience measurement system for China's mountainous cities in line with their unique characteristics,and selects 47 typical mountainous cities in Southwest China for empirical study.The findings indicate that the disaster resilience of mountainous cities is strong in the northern and eastern parts,while it is weak in the southern and western parts,exhibiting a U-shaped gradient distribution pattern.Meanwhile,the development status of resilience is closely related to the spatial environment,infrastructure construction,and local economic growth.The paper concludes by proposing targeted improvement strategies,with a view to providing a reference for the construction of resilient mountainous cities in China.
文摘City resilience is a hot topic in the field of urban planning,and it is a solution and urban renewal and renovation approach for the problems of modern cities.Taking the old urban districts of Wu’an City,Hebei Province for example,this paper applied analysis methods such as space syntax and facility diversity to analyze the current problems of the study areas from the perspectives of road traffic,supporting facilities,proposed urban design renewal and renovation strategies for old urban districts,which would be significant for defining the timing sequence of urban renewal,improving the locals’ life quality and promoting resilience of old urban districts.
文摘Rapid urbanization and global warming cause a sharp increase of frequency and intensity of stormwater disaster. Urban design, depending on the methodology of urban form and the creation of the spatial environment to promote stormwater resilience, has broken through the traditional design mode and become an efficient path leading to addressing urban stormwater disaster. Firstly, this paper discusses the concept and connotation of stormwater resilient urban design based on the resilient city theory in order to set up the theoretical framework of the design method. Then combining with the specific cases and focusing on four key problems of urban design, the practical urban design methods in favor of stormwater resilience are analyzed, including the optimization of land use, the organization of urban structure, the creation of multi-functional space, and the integration of urban systems. In the end, the paper further analyzes the challenges in practical application. Stormwater resilient urban design expands the boundary of traditional urban design and provides a new choice for performance-based e co-city design.
文摘The trend of climate warming and deeper globalization is adding new content to urban risks in Shanghai, resulting in the adaption of traditional comprehensive defense planning to the new environment. Based on the resilient city theory, this paper proposes a transition for Shanghai from an original comprehensive defense to a resilient city vision through strategic framework and approaches from the three aspects of engineering technology, spatial defense, and social governance in the New Normal age. Meanwhile, it suggests that Shanghai should use information technology to enhance the level of risk monitoring and to improve engineering design standards; strengthen the resilience from the scales of "life circle-urban circle-municipal administrative area"; and innovate as well as improve the social safety governance.
文摘Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably absent.Thus,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring themes.The study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation analyses.The findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the country.Most studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban studies.Keyword analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to terrorism.Thematic analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and counterterrorism.This study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)General Program(Grant No.52270087).
文摘Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses significant risks, including human loss and property damage, due to the high flow rate and velocity carried by roads. Moreover, urban roads with low flood-resilience may significantly hamper the transportation function during severe storms, leading to dysfunction of the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform risk-oriented flood passages into resilient urban road-based flood passages. This paper presents a systematic review of existing methodologies in designing a road network-based flood passage system, along with the discussion of new technologies to enhance system resilience. The study also addresses current knowledge gaps and future directions. The results indicate that flood management measures based on the urban road network should integrate accessibility assessment, lifeline and emergency planning to ensure human well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the special needs and features of vulnerable groups must be taken into serious consideration during the planning stage. In addition, a data-driven approach is recommended to facilitate real-time management and evaluate future works.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:51778200)Shenzhen Basic Research Program(No:JCYJ20190806145216643).
文摘Accurate simulations of planetary boundary layer(PBL)winds in urban areas require combining meteorological knowledge and fine-grained geometrical information.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is widely used to assess pedestrian wind comfort and wind disasters in planning resilient cities.However,the CFD-predicted PBL is highly affected by the inflow boundaries.Wind profiles under extreme weather conditions,such as tropical cyclones,can hardly be determined,and associated uniform logarithmic or power law expressions have not been obtained.In this study,urban wind flow over mountainous terrain was simulated using a one-way nested simulation approach between mesoscale and microscale models.The inflow wind speed,turbulence scalars,and potential temperature in the CFD code are sustained by the numerical weather prediction(NWP)model.Methodologies considering typhoon weather conditions were examined to improve the numerical accuracy in determining mesoscale typhoon structures and pedestrian-level wind conditions.The numerical errors were quantified in mesoscale and microscale formulations.A new tendency assimilation was proposed by incorporating local-scale observations into the CFD domain.This approach entailed empirical mode decomposition to quantify the mean wind speed differences between the observations and NWP results,which were then extrapolated to NWP-CFD nested interfaces via multiplication by the spatial correlation coefficient.The numerical performance was validated against both on-site observations for meteorological purposes and wind profiles retrieved from the experimental LiDAR of the landfalling typhoon Haima.The simulated wind field exhibited an increased accuracy in the local urban area.More specifically,the index of agreement in wind speeds was improved from 0.28 to 0.72,and the mean absolute errors were reduced from 5.46 m/s to 1.89 m/s.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC0704400)the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52061160366).
文摘As global risks and disasters increase,resilience is needed to cope with risks and uncertainties.Cities are the subject of a large amount of resilience research.Hence resilient urban development covers many areas.Theoretical resilience research either focuses on a special field or extends over the context of a single analysis and evaluation system.There is a lack of multi-perspective comprehensive analysis and evaluation methods in the existing research.This paper reviews different theoretical frameworks of resilience through an induction method,and analyzes the resilience evaluation methods by means of literature-based measurement and visual expression methods.Based on the theoretical frameworks,this paper develops a model integrating different resilience analysis types and extends it to four interrelated dimensions in order to visualize the correspondence between the analysis frameworks and the evaluation methods.Finally,the paper develops a comprehensive approach to resilience analysis and evaluation,which is of great significance for understanding how resilient cities operate.
