This study introduces an advanced community-level resilience analysis methodology integrating 3D fragility sur-faces for combined successive earthquake-tsunami hazard and analysis.The methodology facilitates comprehen...This study introduces an advanced community-level resilience analysis methodology integrating 3D fragility sur-faces for combined successive earthquake-tsunami hazard and analysis.The methodology facilitates comprehen-sive evaluations of spatial damage,economic loss,and risk under multi-hazard conditions.This study compares earthquake-only analysis results to the successive earthquake-tsunami analysis at the community level to reveal-and quantify-significant disparities in damage and loss estimations between the analyses,emphasizing the need to consider both hazards in community planning even at lower seismic intensities.Critical assessment of the FEMA combinational rule demonstrates its limitations in accurately predicting losses and damage patterns at higher hazard intensities,highlighting the necessity for refined models that accurately account for hazard inter-actions.This research advances multi-hazard community-level resilience analysis by offering a robust framework for earthquake and tsunami assessment,underscoring the need for integration of detailed multi-hazard analy-ses into resilience planning.Finally,it suggests future directions for enhancing framework applicability across diverse community settings and structural types,aiming to improve community resilience.展开更多
This paper provides a systematic review on the resilience analysis of active distribution networks(ADNs)against hazardous weather events,considering the underlying cyber-physical interdependencies.As cyber-physical sy...This paper provides a systematic review on the resilience analysis of active distribution networks(ADNs)against hazardous weather events,considering the underlying cyber-physical interdependencies.As cyber-physical systems,ADNs are characterized by widespread structural and functional interdependen-cies between cyber(communication,computing,and control)and physical(electric power)subsystems and thus present complex hazardous-weather-related resilience issues.To bridge current research gaps,this paper first classifies diverse hazardous weather events for ADNs according to different time spans and degrees of hazard,with model-based and data-driven methods being utilized to characterize weather evolutions.Then,the adverse impacts of hazardous weather on all aspects of ADNs’sources,physical/cyber networks,and loads are analyzed.This paper further emphasizes the importance of situational awareness and cyber-physical collaboration throughout hazardous weather events,as these enhance the implementation of preventive dispatches,corrective actions,and coordinated restorations.In addition,a generalized quantitative resilience evaluation process is proposed regarding additional considerations about cyber subsystems and cyber-physical connections.Finally,potential hazardous-weather-related resilience challenges for both physical and cyber subsystems are discussed.展开更多
A systematic approach is proposed to the theme of safety,reliability and global quality of complex networks(material and immaterial)by means of special mathematical tools that allow an adequate geometric characterizat...A systematic approach is proposed to the theme of safety,reliability and global quality of complex networks(material and immaterial)by means of special mathematical tools that allow an adequate geometric characterization and study of the operation,even in the presence of multiple obstacles along the path.To that end,applying the theory of graphs to the problem under study and using a special mathematical model based on stochastic geometry,in this article we consider some regular lattices in which it is possible to schematize the elements of the network,with the fundamental cell with six,eight or 2(n+2)obstacles,calculating the probability of Laplace.In this way it is possible to measure the“degree of impedance”exerted by the anomalies along the network by the obstacles examined.The method can be extended to other regular and/or irregular geometric figures,whose union together constitutes the examined network,allowing to optimize the functioning of the complex system considered.展开更多
Understanding the interdependent nature of multimodal public transit networks(PTNs)is vital for ensuring the resilience and robustness of transportation systems.However,previous studies have predominantly focused on a...Understanding the interdependent nature of multimodal public transit networks(PTNs)is vital for ensuring the resilience and robustness of transportation systems.However,previous studies have predominantly focused on assessing the vulnerability and characteristics of single-mode PTNs,neglecting the impacts of heterogeneous disturbances and shifts in travel behavior within multimodal PTNs.Therefore,this study introduces a novel resilience assessment framework that comprehensively analyzes the coupling mechanism,structural and functional characteristics of bus-rail transit networks(BRTNs).In this framework,a network performance metric is proposed by considering the passengers’travel behaviors under various disturbances.Additionally,stations and subnetworks are classified using the k-means algorithm and resilience metric by simulating various disturbances occurring at each station or subnetwork.The proposed framework is validated via a case study of a BRTN in Beijing,China.Results indicate that the rail transit network(RTN)plays a crucial role in maintaining network function and resisting external disturbances in the interdependent BRTN.Furthermore,the coupling interactions between the RTN and bus transit network(BTN)exhibit distinct characteristics under infrastructure component disruption and functional disruption.These findings provide valuable insights into emergency management for PTNs and understanding the coupling relationship between BTN and RTN.展开更多
Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a whole.Since cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the res...Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a whole.Since cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the restoration of each lifeline system can have an impact on one or more others.Due to the often uncertain and complex interactions between dense lifeline systems and their individual operations at the urban scale,it is typically unclear how different patterns of restoration will impact the overall recovery of lifeline system functioning.A difficulty in addressing this problem is the siloed nature of the knowledge and operations of different types of lifelines.Here,a city-wide,multi-lifeline restoration model and simulation are provided to address this issue.The approach uses the Graph Model for Operational Resilience,a data-driven discrete event simulator that can model the spatial and functional cascade of hazard effects and the pattern of restoration over time.A novel case study model of the District of North Vancouver is constructed and simulated for a reference magnitude 7.3 earthquake.The model comprises municipal water and wastewater,power distribution,and transport systems.The model includes 1725 entities from within these sectors,connected through 6456 dependency relationships.Simulation of the model shows that water distribution and wastewater treatment systems recover more quickly and with less uncertainty than electric power and road networks.Understanding this uncertainty will provide the opportunity to improve data collection,modeling,and collaboration with stakeholders in the future.展开更多
As global risks and disasters increase,resilience is needed to cope with risks and uncertainties.Cities are the subject of a large amount of resilience research.Hence resilient urban development covers many areas.Theo...As global risks and disasters increase,resilience is needed to cope with risks and uncertainties.Cities are the subject of a large amount of resilience research.Hence resilient urban development covers many areas.Theoretical resilience research either focuses on a special field or extends over the context of a single analysis and evaluation system.There is a lack of multi-perspective comprehensive analysis and evaluation methods in the existing research.This paper reviews different theoretical frameworks of resilience through an induction method,and analyzes the resilience evaluation methods by means of literature-based measurement and visual expression methods.Based on the theoretical frameworks,this paper develops a model integrating different resilience analysis types and extends it to four interrelated dimensions in order to visualize the correspondence between the analysis frameworks and the evaluation methods.Finally,the paper develops a comprehensive approach to resilience analysis and evaluation,which is of great significance for understanding how resilient cities operate.展开更多
基金funded through a cooperative agreement between the U.S.National Institute of Standards and Technology and Colorado State University(NIST Financial Assistance Award Numbers:70NANB15H044 and 70NANB20H008).
文摘This study introduces an advanced community-level resilience analysis methodology integrating 3D fragility sur-faces for combined successive earthquake-tsunami hazard and analysis.The methodology facilitates comprehen-sive evaluations of spatial damage,economic loss,and risk under multi-hazard conditions.This study compares earthquake-only analysis results to the successive earthquake-tsunami analysis at the community level to reveal-and quantify-significant disparities in damage and loss estimations between the analyses,emphasizing the need to consider both hazards in community planning even at lower seismic intensities.Critical assessment of the FEMA combinational rule demonstrates its limitations in accurately predicting losses and damage patterns at higher hazard intensities,highlighting the necessity for refined models that accurately account for hazard inter-actions.This research advances multi-hazard community-level resilience analysis by offering a robust framework for earthquake and tsunami assessment,underscoring the need for integration of detailed multi-hazard analy-ses into resilience planning.Finally,it suggests future directions for enhancing framework applicability across diverse community settings and structural types,aiming to improve community resilience.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52477132 and U2066601).
文摘This paper provides a systematic review on the resilience analysis of active distribution networks(ADNs)against hazardous weather events,considering the underlying cyber-physical interdependencies.As cyber-physical systems,ADNs are characterized by widespread structural and functional interdependen-cies between cyber(communication,computing,and control)and physical(electric power)subsystems and thus present complex hazardous-weather-related resilience issues.To bridge current research gaps,this paper first classifies diverse hazardous weather events for ADNs according to different time spans and degrees of hazard,with model-based and data-driven methods being utilized to characterize weather evolutions.Then,the adverse impacts of hazardous weather on all aspects of ADNs’sources,physical/cyber networks,and loads are analyzed.This paper further emphasizes the importance of situational awareness and cyber-physical collaboration throughout hazardous weather events,as these enhance the implementation of preventive dispatches,corrective actions,and coordinated restorations.In addition,a generalized quantitative resilience evaluation process is proposed regarding additional considerations about cyber subsystems and cyber-physical connections.Finally,potential hazardous-weather-related resilience challenges for both physical and cyber subsystems are discussed.
文摘A systematic approach is proposed to the theme of safety,reliability and global quality of complex networks(material and immaterial)by means of special mathematical tools that allow an adequate geometric characterization and study of the operation,even in the presence of multiple obstacles along the path.To that end,applying the theory of graphs to the problem under study and using a special mathematical model based on stochastic geometry,in this article we consider some regular lattices in which it is possible to schematize the elements of the network,with the fundamental cell with six,eight or 2(n+2)obstacles,calculating the probability of Laplace.In this way it is possible to measure the“degree of impedance”exerted by the anomalies along the network by the obstacles examined.The method can be extended to other regular and/or irregular geometric figures,whose union together constitutes the examined network,allowing to optimize the functioning of the complex system considered.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB1600100).
文摘Understanding the interdependent nature of multimodal public transit networks(PTNs)is vital for ensuring the resilience and robustness of transportation systems.However,previous studies have predominantly focused on assessing the vulnerability and characteristics of single-mode PTNs,neglecting the impacts of heterogeneous disturbances and shifts in travel behavior within multimodal PTNs.Therefore,this study introduces a novel resilience assessment framework that comprehensively analyzes the coupling mechanism,structural and functional characteristics of bus-rail transit networks(BRTNs).In this framework,a network performance metric is proposed by considering the passengers’travel behaviors under various disturbances.Additionally,stations and subnetworks are classified using the k-means algorithm and resilience metric by simulating various disturbances occurring at each station or subnetwork.The proposed framework is validated via a case study of a BRTN in Beijing,China.Results indicate that the rail transit network(RTN)plays a crucial role in maintaining network function and resisting external disturbances in the interdependent BRTN.Furthermore,the coupling interactions between the RTN and bus transit network(BTN)exhibit distinct characteristics under infrastructure component disruption and functional disruption.These findings provide valuable insights into emergency management for PTNs and understanding the coupling relationship between BTN and RTN.
文摘Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a whole.Since cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the restoration of each lifeline system can have an impact on one or more others.Due to the often uncertain and complex interactions between dense lifeline systems and their individual operations at the urban scale,it is typically unclear how different patterns of restoration will impact the overall recovery of lifeline system functioning.A difficulty in addressing this problem is the siloed nature of the knowledge and operations of different types of lifelines.Here,a city-wide,multi-lifeline restoration model and simulation are provided to address this issue.The approach uses the Graph Model for Operational Resilience,a data-driven discrete event simulator that can model the spatial and functional cascade of hazard effects and the pattern of restoration over time.A novel case study model of the District of North Vancouver is constructed and simulated for a reference magnitude 7.3 earthquake.The model comprises municipal water and wastewater,power distribution,and transport systems.The model includes 1725 entities from within these sectors,connected through 6456 dependency relationships.Simulation of the model shows that water distribution and wastewater treatment systems recover more quickly and with less uncertainty than electric power and road networks.Understanding this uncertainty will provide the opportunity to improve data collection,modeling,and collaboration with stakeholders in the future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC0704400)the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52061160366).
文摘As global risks and disasters increase,resilience is needed to cope with risks and uncertainties.Cities are the subject of a large amount of resilience research.Hence resilient urban development covers many areas.Theoretical resilience research either focuses on a special field or extends over the context of a single analysis and evaluation system.There is a lack of multi-perspective comprehensive analysis and evaluation methods in the existing research.This paper reviews different theoretical frameworks of resilience through an induction method,and analyzes the resilience evaluation methods by means of literature-based measurement and visual expression methods.Based on the theoretical frameworks,this paper develops a model integrating different resilience analysis types and extends it to four interrelated dimensions in order to visualize the correspondence between the analysis frameworks and the evaluation methods.Finally,the paper develops a comprehensive approach to resilience analysis and evaluation,which is of great significance for understanding how resilient cities operate.
