Deeply subducted lithospheric slabs may reach to the mantle transition zone(MTZ,410-660 km depth)or even to the core–mantle boundary(CMB)at depths of^2900km.Our knowledge of the fate of subducted surface material at ...Deeply subducted lithospheric slabs may reach to the mantle transition zone(MTZ,410-660 km depth)or even to the core–mantle boundary(CMB)at depths of^2900km.Our knowledge of the fate of subducted surface material at the MTZ or near the CMB is poor and based mainly on the tomography data and laboratory experiments through indirect methods.Limited data come from the samples of deep mantle diamonds and their mineral inclusions obtained from kimberlites and associated rock assemblages in old cratons.We report in this presentation new data and observations from diamonds and other UHP minerals recovered from ophiolites that we consider as a new window into the life cycle of deeply subducted oceanic and continental crust.Ophiolites are fragments of ancient oceanic lithosphere tectonically accreted into continental margins,and many contain significant podiform chromitites.Our research team has investigated over the last 10 years ultrahigh-pressure and super-reducing mineral groups discovered in peridotites and/or chromitites of ophiolites around the world,including the Luobusa(Tibet),Ray-Iz(Polar Urals-Russia),and 12 other ophiolites from 8orogenic belts in 5 different countries(Albania,China,Myanmar,Russia,and Turkey).High-pressure minerals include diamond,coesite,pseudomorphic stishovite,qingsongite(BN)and Ca-Si perovskite,and the most important native and highly reduced minerals recovered to date include moissanite(Si C),Ni-Mn-Co alloys,Fe-Si and Fe-C phases.These mineral groups collectively confirm extremely high?pressures(300 km to≥660 km)and super-reducing conditions in their environment of formation in the mantle.All of the analyzed diamonds have unusually light carbon isotope compositions(δ13C=-28.7 to-18.3‰)and variable trace element contents that*d i stinguish them from most kimberlitic and UHPmetamorphic varieties.The presence of exsolution lamellae of diopside and coesite in some chromite grains suggests chromite crystallization depths around>380 km,near the mantle transition zone.The carbon isotopes and other features of the high-pressure and super-reduced mineral groups point to previously subducted surface material as their source of origin.Recycling of subducted crust in the deep mantle may proceed in three stages:Stage 1–Carbon-bearing fluids and melts may have been formed in the MTZ,in the lower mantle or even near the CMB.Stage 2–Fluids or melts may rise along with deep plumes through the lower mantle and reach the MTZ.Some minerals,such as diamond,stishovite,qingsongite and Ca-silicate perovskite can precipitate from these fluids or melts in the lower mantle during their ascent.Material transported to the MTZ would be mixed with highly reduced and UHP phases,presumably derived from zones with extremely low f O2,as required for the formation of moissanite and other native elements.Stage 3–Continued ascent above the transition of peridotites containing chromite and ultrahigh-pressure minerals transports them to shallow mantle depths,where they participate in decompressional partial melting and oceanic lithosphere formation.The widespread occurrence of ophiolite-hosted diamonds and associated UHP mineral groups suggests that they may be a common feature of in-situ oceanic mantle.Because mid-ocean ridge spreading environments are plate boundaries widely distributed around the globe,and because the magmatic accretion of oceanic plates occurs mainly along these ridges,the on-land remnants of ancient oceanic lithosphere produced at former mid-ocean ridges provide an important window into the Earth’s recycling system and a great opportunity to probe the nature of deeply recycled crustal material residing in the deep mantle展开更多
There is evidence that ant-derived chemical stimuli are involved in regulat- ing the digging behavior in Solenopsis invicta Buren. However, the source gland（s） and chemistry of such stimuli have never been revealed....There is evidence that ant-derived chemical stimuli are involved in regulat- ing the digging behavior in Solenopsis invicta Buren. However, the source gland（s） and chemistry of such stimuli have never been revealed. In this study, extracts of mandibular, Dufour＇s, postpharyngeal, and poison glands were evaluated for their effect on ant digging and residing preferences of S. invicta workers from three colonies. In the intracolonial bioassays, workers showed significant digging preferences to mandibular gland extracts in 2 of 3 colonies and significant residing preferences in 1 of 3 colonies; significant digging preferences to Dufour＇s gland extracts in 1 of 3 colonies and significant residing preferences in 2 of 3 colonies. No digging and residing preferences were found for postpharyngeal and poison gland extracts. In intercolonial bioassays, significant digging and residing prefer- ences were found for mandibular gland extracts in 3 of 6 colony combinations. Significant digging preferences to Dufour＇s gland extracts were found in 4 of 6 colony combinations and significant residing preferences in all 6 colony combinations. For postpharyngeal gland extracts, significant digging preferences were found only in 1 of 6 colonial combinations and no significant residing preferences were found. For poison gland extracts, no signif- icant digging preferences were found; significant residing preferences were found in 1 of 6 colony combinations. However, a significant residing deterrence （negative residing preference index） was found for 2 of 6 colony combinations. Statistical analyses using data pooled from all colonies showed that mandibular and Dufour＇s gland extracts caused sig- nificant digging and residing preferences in both intracolonial and intercolonial bioassays but not postpharyngeal and poison gland extracts. By analyzing the data pooled from the same three colonies used for gland extract bioassays, it was found that, in no cases, workers showed significant digging and residing preferences to 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine, an alarm pheromone component from mandibular gland.展开更多
Saud Khan,a Pakistani physician,collected his work and residence permits at the Yangpu Government Service Centre in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,on 18 December 2025.Khan had arrived in Hainan three months earlier to p...Saud Khan,a Pakistani physician,collected his work and residence permits at the Yangpu Government Service Centre in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,on 18 December 2025.Khan had arrived in Hainan three months earlier to participate in a medical training programme at Hainan Western Central Hospital.By the time the programme concluded,he had made up his mind to stay and broaden his professional experience and long-term career prospects in Hainan.展开更多
Local residents,artists,and entrepreneurs who converge on Haikou’s historical Qilou Street are contributing to a new chapter in the story of Hainan’s opening-up.MORE than 100 years ago,the area alongQilou(Sotto Port...Local residents,artists,and entrepreneurs who converge on Haikou’s historical Qilou Street are contributing to a new chapter in the story of Hainan’s opening-up.MORE than 100 years ago,the area alongQilou(Sotto Portico)Street in Haikou,capital of Hainan Province,served asthe embarkation point for Hainanesesetting out on their maritime voyages to seek greener pastures.展开更多
Objectives:Although standardized residency trainees are at high risk for depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation,the psychological pathways connecting depression and anxiety to suicidal ideation,especially the modera...Objectives:Although standardized residency trainees are at high risk for depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation,the psychological pathways connecting depression and anxiety to suicidal ideation,especially the moderating role of resilience,remain elusive.This study aimed to examine the associations between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation among physicians undergoing standardized residency training,and to investigate the moderating roles of different dimensions of individual resilience,namely tenacity,strength,and optimism.Methods:A convenience sampling method was adopted to recruit 133 resident physicians.Validated instruments assessing individual resilience,depressive symptoms,anxiety levels,and suicidal ideation were administered.Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships among the variables.Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to assess the moderating roles of tenacity,strength,and optimism in the associations between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation.Results:Depressive symptoms and anxiety levels were both positively associated with suicidal ideation(p<0.001).All three resilience dimensions were negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(tenacity:r=−0.504,strength:r=−0.477,optimism:r=−0.440,all p<0.001).Tenacity,strength,and optimism significantly moderated the associations between depression and suicidal ideation(all p<0.05).When resilience levels in these dimensions were high,the associations between depression and suicidal ideation were weaker.Strength and optimism also moderated the associations between anxiety and suicidal ideation(strength:p=0.028,optimism:p=0.028).When the resiliences(strength and optimism)were high,the associations between anxiety and suicidal ideation were weaker.Conclusion:Individual resilience,particularly in the dimensions of tenacity,strength,and optimism,may serve as protective correlates for physicians in training,being associated with weaker relationships between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation.These findings highlight the potential value of resilience-enhancing strategies in clinical training settings,although causal inferences cannot be drawn due to the cross-sectional design.展开更多
The distinctive landscape of Zhujiayu Ancient Village in Zhangqiu District,Ji’nan,together with its long-established cultural traditions,has shaped a unique vernacular settlement character,within which traditional dw...The distinctive landscape of Zhujiayu Ancient Village in Zhangqiu District,Ji’nan,together with its long-established cultural traditions,has shaped a unique vernacular settlement character,within which traditional dwellings serve as a primary medium of regional culture.This study examines the residence of Zhu Fengyin,a jinshi degree holder,and adopts field investigation and measured drawing-based analysis.Discussion is organized around three dimensions:an overview of the dwelling,architectural form,and cultural expression.Particular attention is given to the multi-stage,multi-bay compound configuration developed in a mountainous setting,terrain-adaptive courtyard forms,and construction techniques.The analysis further interprets the concepts of ritual order and auspicious symbolism embedded in architectural decoration.By using this representative case,the study aims to deepen understanding of the architectural culture of gentry dwellings in the Ji’nan region and to provide an academic basis for the conservation and inheritance of traditional dwellings in the Ji’nan area.展开更多
Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance...Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance of homeostasis,and orchestrating immune responses.With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies,there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system.Here we review the origin,development,important molecules,and functions of macrophages,mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages.We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers.We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future,opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.展开更多
Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological s...Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological stimuli.These functional states can be visualized using a combination of multi-omics techniques(e.g.,gene and protein expression,posttranslational modifications,mRNA profiling,and metabolomics),and,in the case of homeostatic microglia,are largely defined by the global(e.g.,genetic variations,organism’s age,sex,circadian rhythms,and gut microbiota)as well as local(specific area of the brain,immediate microglial surrounding,neuron-glia interactions and synaptic density/activity)signals(Paolicelli et al.,2022).While phenomics(i.e.,ultrastructural microglial morphology and motility)is also one of the key microglial state-defining parameters,it is known that cells with similar morphology can belong to different functional states.展开更多
面对人工智能技术驱动的深刻变革,高校图书馆正从传统的资源中心向创新中心转型。为探索开放创新生态的构建路径,文章以美国国会图书馆的Innovator in Residence(IIR)项目为核心范例,综合运用案例分析与比较研究方法,系统剖析了其运作...面对人工智能技术驱动的深刻变革,高校图书馆正从传统的资源中心向创新中心转型。为探索开放创新生态的构建路径,文章以美国国会图书馆的Innovator in Residence(IIR)项目为核心范例,综合运用案例分析与比较研究方法,系统剖析了其运作机制、核心理念以及在不同机构中的多元化实践样态,构建了一个由AI技术与AI素养教育双核驱动,以开放创新平台、创新服务机制、创新能力体系、创新支持环境为四根支柱的生态系统模型,并结合中国国情提出了本土化实施策略,为我国高校图书馆“因校制宜”地构建多层次、动态演进的创新项目体系,提供了理论高度与实践价值兼备的行动蓝图。展开更多
I had an epiphany last month.I realized that all the teaching I’ve provided to residents and students the past three decades could be distilled into a single,germane suggestion:“Think Like an Engineer!”
Perhaps the greatest compliment that an attending surgeon can bestow on a resident in training,is to comment,“He/she has good hands.”However,what defines good hands?What parameters are used to make that judgment?As ...Perhaps the greatest compliment that an attending surgeon can bestow on a resident in training,is to comment,“He/she has good hands.”However,what defines good hands?What parameters are used to make that judgment?As an academic urologist,I had the opportunity to observe urology and general surgery residents in the operating room over several decades.展开更多
Objective:The anesthesia residency training system is designed to provide supervised practice,enabling residents to progress from simple to complex procedures and higher-risk patients.However,it remains unclear whethe...Objective:The anesthesia residency training system is designed to provide supervised practice,enabling residents to progress from simple to complex procedures and higher-risk patients.However,it remains unclear whether residents acquire sufficient competence to be considered qualified anesthesiologists by the end of their training.This study aimed to evaluate whether anesthesia care provided by supervised CA-5 residents affects postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from elderly patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery between January 2020 and December 2021 at Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.Patients were categorized into two groups:those managed by CA-5 residents(Resident group,n=294)and those managed by attending anesthesiologists(Attending group,n=521).Propensity score matching(PSM;1:1)was used to ensure comparability between the groups.The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital postoperative complications.Secondary outcomes included intraoperative hemodynamic changes,the need for intensive care unit(ICU)admission,length of ICU and hospital stays,and in-hospital mortality.Multivariable logistic regression assessed the adjusted association between anesthesia provider type and postoperative morbidity and mortality.Results:Among the 815 elderly patients included,105(12.9%)experienced postoperative complications and 22(2.7%)died during hospitalization.No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications or mortality between the two groups,either before PSM(morbidity:11.9%vs.13.4%,p=0.531;mortality:3.7%vs.2.1%,p=0.168)or after PSM(morbidity:12.0%vs.14.4%,p=0.392;mortality:3.8%vs.1.4%,p=0.067).Multivariate analysis confirmed that postoperative morbidity and mortality were not significantly associated with resident involvement,either before PSM(morbidity:OR=0.882,95%CI:0.552-1.410,p=0.600;mortality:OR=1.293,95%CI:0.479-3.492,p=0.612)or after PSM(morbidity:OR=0.881,95%CI:0.523-1.486,p=0.636;mortality:OR=3.122,95%CI:0.805-12.106,p=0.100).Conclusions:Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery are comparable between those anesthetized by supervised CA-5 residents and those managed by attending anesthesiologists.These results suggest that supervised CA-5 residents do not adversely affect patient safety.展开更多
Splashing behavior of metal droplets is one of the main phenomena in basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process.The size distribution of metal droplets and the residence time of the metal droplets in the slag have impor...Splashing behavior of metal droplets is one of the main phenomena in basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process.The size distribution of metal droplets and the residence time of the metal droplets in the slag have important effects on the kinetics of the metal–slag reactions.The particle size distribution law,characteristic diameter,splashing velocity and splashing angle of metal droplets were investigated,and an improved prediction model of trajectory and residence time for metal droplets was established based on the combination of expanded droplets theory,decarburization mechanism model and ballistic motion principle.Meanwhile,the trajectory and residence time of metal droplets under different working conditions were analyzed based on this model.The results illustrate that the metal droplets with larger particle size are produced at low lance distance,while the metal droplets with smaller particle size are produced at high lance distance.There is a significant linear relationship between the three diameters(maximum droplet diameter,distribution characteristic diameter,reaction characteristic diameter)and the blowing number.The residence time of decarbonized metal droplets in slag is about 0.2–73 s.Meanwhile,the initial carbon content and diameter of the metal droplets and the FeO content of slag are the main factors affecting the motion state of the metal droplets in the slag,while the splashing velocity,splashing angle and the height of the foam slag have little influence.This model can be used to predict the trajectory and residence time of decarburized metal droplets in a variety of complex multiphase slag conditions,overcoming the limitation that the known model is only applicable to a few specific conditions.展开更多
With the rapid development of urbanization,urban environmental degradation has significantly impacted the ecological environment quality of urban residents.This study,taking 10 communities in Hefei as samples,integrat...With the rapid development of urbanization,urban environmental degradation has significantly impacted the ecological environment quality of urban residents.This study,taking 10 communities in Hefei as samples,integrates bibliometric analysis(Citespace),vegetation quadrat surveys,and resident satisfaction questionnaires to quantify the implementation pathways of biodiversity,low-carbon society,and therapeutic landscapes in community habitat design.Key findings reveal that the high-carbon-sequestration plant combination of Liriope spicata and Pittosporum tobira can mitigate urban heat island effects,while the aromatic plant assemblage of Cinnamomum camphorum and Osmanthus fragrans demonstrates notable stress-reduction benefits.Monoculture planting,however,leads to reduced pollinator populations.Based on these outcomes,a“4-3-2”design framework is proposed,which stands for 4 ecological indicators(greening rate≥40%,native plants≥60%,non-motorized transport coverage rate 100%,and therapeutic facilities≥2),3 types of spatial strategies(ecological network infiltration,low-carbon travel strategy,and therapeutic landscape creation),and 2 major participation mechanisms(resident environmental council and plant-adoption incentive program).This study provides a quantifiable and operational framework for urban community habitat improvement.展开更多
Standardized residency training programs primarily focus on developing clinical diagnostic and treatment skills,often allocating limited time to research activities.However,enhancing research skills is of paramount im...Standardized residency training programs primarily focus on developing clinical diagnostic and treatment skills,often allocating limited time to research activities.However,enhancing research skills is of paramount importance for residents,as it fosters critical thinking,problem-solving abilities,and a deeper understanding of applying scientific principles to clinical practice.This paper explores the necessity and significance of integrating research training into residency programs,emphasizing its role in cultivating well-rounded physicians capable of advancing medical knowledge.This study proposes a competency-based research training model that encompasses research literacy,study design,biostatistics,and scientific writing.Additionally,online asynchronous training modules,robust mentorship,and balanced time management strategies are recommended to enhance residents’research engagement without compromising clinical training.By implementing these measures,residency programs can improve residents’research capabilities,contributing to both individual professional growth and the broader advancement of medical science.展开更多
As a crucial assessment tool,the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise(Mini-CEX)has gradually garnered attention in the clinical skills training of resident physicians.With the ongoing advancement of medical education ref...As a crucial assessment tool,the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise(Mini-CEX)has gradually garnered attention in the clinical skills training of resident physicians.With the ongoing advancement of medical education reform,Mini-CEX not only offers a fresh perspective for evaluating the clinical competence of resident physicians but also establishes a foundation for enhancing their overall quality and professional capabilities.Nonetheless,there are still certain constraints in the application of Mini-CEX,including inconsistent assessment criteria,assessor subjectivity,and inadequate feedback mechanisms.This paper will review relevant domestic and international studies,explore the practical application of Mini-CEX in standardized resident physician training,analyze its strengths and weaknesses in assessing clinical ability,and propose recommendations for future development directions.Through a thorough examination of this field,it aims to provide references and guidance for further optimizing the training model for resident physicians.展开更多
As the most critical part of post-graduate education,the Chinese government launched Standard Resident Training in 2013 to solve the regional inequality of medical quality and meet the increasing social requirement fo...As the most critical part of post-graduate education,the Chinese government launched Standard Resident Training in 2013 to solve the regional inequality of medical quality and meet the increasing social requirement for better medical service.We integrated problem-based learning(PBL)and case-based learning(CBL)in the Endodontics Standard Resident Training.By evaluating with objective parameters including theoretical knowledge and clinical practice skill,and subjective parameters including questionnaire,it was found that PBL+CBL played a positive role in endodontic resident training with a significant difference(P<0.05).This combined training model is instructive for China’s resident training,and this result can provide a rudimentary reference to current postgraduate teaching reform.展开更多
Background:Despite self-determination theory’s prominence,few studies examine BPN in China’s ethnic frontier regions.Therefore,this study investigates and analyzes the current situation of community residents with d...Background:Despite self-determination theory’s prominence,few studies examine BPN in China’s ethnic frontier regions.Therefore,this study investigates and analyzes the current situation of community residents with different demographic characteristics in Yanbian in the three basic psychological needs of competency needs,autonomy needs and attribution needs,so as to provide reference for the construction of community service in Yanbian area.Methods:A survey was conducted among 234 residents in four communities in Yanbian from September to October 2024.The equal probability random sampling method was used to collect data by using a general information questionnaire and basic psychological demand scale,and SPSS 28.0 was used for analysis.Through single factor analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis,the influencing factors and correlation of basic psychological needs of community residents in Yanbian area were discussed.Results:The basic psychological needs of residents were above the middle level;there is a significant positive correlation between economic status and the three dimensions of basic psychological needs(P<0.001).There is a significant positive correlation between the three dimensions of competence demand(β=2.028,P<0.001),autonomy demand(β=2.022,P<0.001),and attribution demand(β=2.693,P<0.001).Conclusion:The satisfaction degree of basic psychological needs of community residents in Yanbian is significantly affected by economic situation,which urges nurses to advocate for economic empowerment programs in community health and provides an empirical basis for the construction of a psychological service system in this area.At the same time,it is proposed that the region can respond by improving social support and improving employment results.展开更多
文摘Deeply subducted lithospheric slabs may reach to the mantle transition zone(MTZ,410-660 km depth)or even to the core–mantle boundary(CMB)at depths of^2900km.Our knowledge of the fate of subducted surface material at the MTZ or near the CMB is poor and based mainly on the tomography data and laboratory experiments through indirect methods.Limited data come from the samples of deep mantle diamonds and their mineral inclusions obtained from kimberlites and associated rock assemblages in old cratons.We report in this presentation new data and observations from diamonds and other UHP minerals recovered from ophiolites that we consider as a new window into the life cycle of deeply subducted oceanic and continental crust.Ophiolites are fragments of ancient oceanic lithosphere tectonically accreted into continental margins,and many contain significant podiform chromitites.Our research team has investigated over the last 10 years ultrahigh-pressure and super-reducing mineral groups discovered in peridotites and/or chromitites of ophiolites around the world,including the Luobusa(Tibet),Ray-Iz(Polar Urals-Russia),and 12 other ophiolites from 8orogenic belts in 5 different countries(Albania,China,Myanmar,Russia,and Turkey).High-pressure minerals include diamond,coesite,pseudomorphic stishovite,qingsongite(BN)and Ca-Si perovskite,and the most important native and highly reduced minerals recovered to date include moissanite(Si C),Ni-Mn-Co alloys,Fe-Si and Fe-C phases.These mineral groups collectively confirm extremely high?pressures(300 km to≥660 km)and super-reducing conditions in their environment of formation in the mantle.All of the analyzed diamonds have unusually light carbon isotope compositions(δ13C=-28.7 to-18.3‰)and variable trace element contents that*d i stinguish them from most kimberlitic and UHPmetamorphic varieties.The presence of exsolution lamellae of diopside and coesite in some chromite grains suggests chromite crystallization depths around>380 km,near the mantle transition zone.The carbon isotopes and other features of the high-pressure and super-reduced mineral groups point to previously subducted surface material as their source of origin.Recycling of subducted crust in the deep mantle may proceed in three stages:Stage 1–Carbon-bearing fluids and melts may have been formed in the MTZ,in the lower mantle or even near the CMB.Stage 2–Fluids or melts may rise along with deep plumes through the lower mantle and reach the MTZ.Some minerals,such as diamond,stishovite,qingsongite and Ca-silicate perovskite can precipitate from these fluids or melts in the lower mantle during their ascent.Material transported to the MTZ would be mixed with highly reduced and UHP phases,presumably derived from zones with extremely low f O2,as required for the formation of moissanite and other native elements.Stage 3–Continued ascent above the transition of peridotites containing chromite and ultrahigh-pressure minerals transports them to shallow mantle depths,where they participate in decompressional partial melting and oceanic lithosphere formation.The widespread occurrence of ophiolite-hosted diamonds and associated UHP mineral groups suggests that they may be a common feature of in-situ oceanic mantle.Because mid-ocean ridge spreading environments are plate boundaries widely distributed around the globe,and because the magmatic accretion of oceanic plates occurs mainly along these ridges,the on-land remnants of ancient oceanic lithosphere produced at former mid-ocean ridges provide an important window into the Earth’s recycling system and a great opportunity to probe the nature of deeply recycled crustal material residing in the deep mantle
文摘There is evidence that ant-derived chemical stimuli are involved in regulat- ing the digging behavior in Solenopsis invicta Buren. However, the source gland（s） and chemistry of such stimuli have never been revealed. In this study, extracts of mandibular, Dufour＇s, postpharyngeal, and poison glands were evaluated for their effect on ant digging and residing preferences of S. invicta workers from three colonies. In the intracolonial bioassays, workers showed significant digging preferences to mandibular gland extracts in 2 of 3 colonies and significant residing preferences in 1 of 3 colonies; significant digging preferences to Dufour＇s gland extracts in 1 of 3 colonies and significant residing preferences in 2 of 3 colonies. No digging and residing preferences were found for postpharyngeal and poison gland extracts. In intercolonial bioassays, significant digging and residing prefer- ences were found for mandibular gland extracts in 3 of 6 colony combinations. Significant digging preferences to Dufour＇s gland extracts were found in 4 of 6 colony combinations and significant residing preferences in all 6 colony combinations. For postpharyngeal gland extracts, significant digging preferences were found only in 1 of 6 colonial combinations and no significant residing preferences were found. For poison gland extracts, no signif- icant digging preferences were found; significant residing preferences were found in 1 of 6 colony combinations. However, a significant residing deterrence （negative residing preference index） was found for 2 of 6 colony combinations. Statistical analyses using data pooled from all colonies showed that mandibular and Dufour＇s gland extracts caused sig- nificant digging and residing preferences in both intracolonial and intercolonial bioassays but not postpharyngeal and poison gland extracts. By analyzing the data pooled from the same three colonies used for gland extract bioassays, it was found that, in no cases, workers showed significant digging and residing preferences to 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine, an alarm pheromone component from mandibular gland.
文摘Saud Khan,a Pakistani physician,collected his work and residence permits at the Yangpu Government Service Centre in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,on 18 December 2025.Khan had arrived in Hainan three months earlier to participate in a medical training programme at Hainan Western Central Hospital.By the time the programme concluded,he had made up his mind to stay and broaden his professional experience and long-term career prospects in Hainan.
文摘Local residents,artists,and entrepreneurs who converge on Haikou’s historical Qilou Street are contributing to a new chapter in the story of Hainan’s opening-up.MORE than 100 years ago,the area alongQilou(Sotto Portico)Street in Haikou,capital of Hainan Province,served asthe embarkation point for Hainanesesetting out on their maritime voyages to seek greener pastures.
基金supported by Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Science and Technology Development Fund Project(NO.XHMS202404)Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Fund Project(GBX22289).
文摘Objectives:Although standardized residency trainees are at high risk for depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation,the psychological pathways connecting depression and anxiety to suicidal ideation,especially the moderating role of resilience,remain elusive.This study aimed to examine the associations between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation among physicians undergoing standardized residency training,and to investigate the moderating roles of different dimensions of individual resilience,namely tenacity,strength,and optimism.Methods:A convenience sampling method was adopted to recruit 133 resident physicians.Validated instruments assessing individual resilience,depressive symptoms,anxiety levels,and suicidal ideation were administered.Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships among the variables.Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to assess the moderating roles of tenacity,strength,and optimism in the associations between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation.Results:Depressive symptoms and anxiety levels were both positively associated with suicidal ideation(p<0.001).All three resilience dimensions were negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(tenacity:r=−0.504,strength:r=−0.477,optimism:r=−0.440,all p<0.001).Tenacity,strength,and optimism significantly moderated the associations between depression and suicidal ideation(all p<0.05).When resilience levels in these dimensions were high,the associations between depression and suicidal ideation were weaker.Strength and optimism also moderated the associations between anxiety and suicidal ideation(strength:p=0.028,optimism:p=0.028).When the resiliences(strength and optimism)were high,the associations between anxiety and suicidal ideation were weaker.Conclusion:Individual resilience,particularly in the dimensions of tenacity,strength,and optimism,may serve as protective correlates for physicians in training,being associated with weaker relationships between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation.These findings highlight the potential value of resilience-enhancing strategies in clinical training settings,although causal inferences cannot be drawn due to the cross-sectional design.
基金Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China“Historical Collation and Research of Cultural Exchanges Between Chinese and Foreign Craftsmen Along the Silk Road”(Approval No.22&ZD227)the Planning Project of Shaanxi Art Institute“Research on National Cultural Park Design”(Project No.YG2025001)part of the phased outcomes of the“Shaanxi Special Support Program for High-Level Talents”(Project Approval No.21HH02).
文摘The distinctive landscape of Zhujiayu Ancient Village in Zhangqiu District,Ji’nan,together with its long-established cultural traditions,has shaped a unique vernacular settlement character,within which traditional dwellings serve as a primary medium of regional culture.This study examines the residence of Zhu Fengyin,a jinshi degree holder,and adopts field investigation and measured drawing-based analysis.Discussion is organized around three dimensions:an overview of the dwelling,architectural form,and cultural expression.Particular attention is given to the multi-stage,multi-bay compound configuration developed in a mountainous setting,terrain-adaptive courtyard forms,and construction techniques.The analysis further interprets the concepts of ritual order and auspicious symbolism embedded in architectural decoration.By using this representative case,the study aims to deepen understanding of the architectural culture of gentry dwellings in the Ji’nan region and to provide an academic basis for the conservation and inheritance of traditional dwellings in the Ji’nan area.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology China Brain Initiative Grant,No.2022ZD0204702(to ZY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371357(to LC)+2 种基金Foundation for Military Medicine,No.16QNP085(to ZY)Navy Medical University Basic Medical College“Yi Zhang”Basic Medical Talent Development and Support Program,Nos.JCYZRC-D-022(to TC)and JCYZRC-D-024(to HD)Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Shanghai Baoshan District,No.2023-E-05(to YW).
文摘Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance of homeostasis,and orchestrating immune responses.With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies,there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system.Here we review the origin,development,important molecules,and functions of macrophages,mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages.We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers.We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future,opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.
基金supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,German Research Foundation grant GA 654/13-2 to OG.
文摘Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological stimuli.These functional states can be visualized using a combination of multi-omics techniques(e.g.,gene and protein expression,posttranslational modifications,mRNA profiling,and metabolomics),and,in the case of homeostatic microglia,are largely defined by the global(e.g.,genetic variations,organism’s age,sex,circadian rhythms,and gut microbiota)as well as local(specific area of the brain,immediate microglial surrounding,neuron-glia interactions and synaptic density/activity)signals(Paolicelli et al.,2022).While phenomics(i.e.,ultrastructural microglial morphology and motility)is also one of the key microglial state-defining parameters,it is known that cells with similar morphology can belong to different functional states.
文摘面对人工智能技术驱动的深刻变革,高校图书馆正从传统的资源中心向创新中心转型。为探索开放创新生态的构建路径,文章以美国国会图书馆的Innovator in Residence(IIR)项目为核心范例,综合运用案例分析与比较研究方法,系统剖析了其运作机制、核心理念以及在不同机构中的多元化实践样态,构建了一个由AI技术与AI素养教育双核驱动,以开放创新平台、创新服务机制、创新能力体系、创新支持环境为四根支柱的生态系统模型,并结合中国国情提出了本土化实施策略,为我国高校图书馆“因校制宜”地构建多层次、动态演进的创新项目体系,提供了理论高度与实践价值兼备的行动蓝图。
文摘I had an epiphany last month.I realized that all the teaching I’ve provided to residents and students the past three decades could be distilled into a single,germane suggestion:“Think Like an Engineer!”
文摘Perhaps the greatest compliment that an attending surgeon can bestow on a resident in training,is to comment,“He/she has good hands.”However,what defines good hands?What parameters are used to make that judgment?As an academic urologist,I had the opportunity to observe urology and general surgery residents in the operating room over several decades.
基金support from grants by the Shanghai Songjiang District Science and Technology Research Project(2023SJKJGG37)the Key Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2024ZDXK0050)the Key Medical Discipline Project of Songjiang District(24SJYXZDA04).
文摘Objective:The anesthesia residency training system is designed to provide supervised practice,enabling residents to progress from simple to complex procedures and higher-risk patients.However,it remains unclear whether residents acquire sufficient competence to be considered qualified anesthesiologists by the end of their training.This study aimed to evaluate whether anesthesia care provided by supervised CA-5 residents affects postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from elderly patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery between January 2020 and December 2021 at Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.Patients were categorized into two groups:those managed by CA-5 residents(Resident group,n=294)and those managed by attending anesthesiologists(Attending group,n=521).Propensity score matching(PSM;1:1)was used to ensure comparability between the groups.The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital postoperative complications.Secondary outcomes included intraoperative hemodynamic changes,the need for intensive care unit(ICU)admission,length of ICU and hospital stays,and in-hospital mortality.Multivariable logistic regression assessed the adjusted association between anesthesia provider type and postoperative morbidity and mortality.Results:Among the 815 elderly patients included,105(12.9%)experienced postoperative complications and 22(2.7%)died during hospitalization.No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications or mortality between the two groups,either before PSM(morbidity:11.9%vs.13.4%,p=0.531;mortality:3.7%vs.2.1%,p=0.168)or after PSM(morbidity:12.0%vs.14.4%,p=0.392;mortality:3.8%vs.1.4%,p=0.067).Multivariate analysis confirmed that postoperative morbidity and mortality were not significantly associated with resident involvement,either before PSM(morbidity:OR=0.882,95%CI:0.552-1.410,p=0.600;mortality:OR=1.293,95%CI:0.479-3.492,p=0.612)or after PSM(morbidity:OR=0.881,95%CI:0.523-1.486,p=0.636;mortality:OR=3.122,95%CI:0.805-12.106,p=0.100).Conclusions:Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery are comparable between those anesthetized by supervised CA-5 residents and those managed by attending anesthesiologists.These results suggest that supervised CA-5 residents do not adversely affect patient safety.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374321 and 51974023)the funding of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing(No.41621005)the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Jianlong Group-University of Science and Technology Beijing(No.20231235).
文摘Splashing behavior of metal droplets is one of the main phenomena in basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process.The size distribution of metal droplets and the residence time of the metal droplets in the slag have important effects on the kinetics of the metal–slag reactions.The particle size distribution law,characteristic diameter,splashing velocity and splashing angle of metal droplets were investigated,and an improved prediction model of trajectory and residence time for metal droplets was established based on the combination of expanded droplets theory,decarburization mechanism model and ballistic motion principle.Meanwhile,the trajectory and residence time of metal droplets under different working conditions were analyzed based on this model.The results illustrate that the metal droplets with larger particle size are produced at low lance distance,while the metal droplets with smaller particle size are produced at high lance distance.There is a significant linear relationship between the three diameters(maximum droplet diameter,distribution characteristic diameter,reaction characteristic diameter)and the blowing number.The residence time of decarbonized metal droplets in slag is about 0.2–73 s.Meanwhile,the initial carbon content and diameter of the metal droplets and the FeO content of slag are the main factors affecting the motion state of the metal droplets in the slag,while the splashing velocity,splashing angle and the height of the foam slag have little influence.This model can be used to predict the trajectory and residence time of decarburized metal droplets in a variety of complex multiphase slag conditions,overcoming the limitation that the known model is only applicable to a few specific conditions.
基金Sponsored by Research Team Project of Anhui Xinhua University(kytd202202)Supported Project of Innovation Training Program for College Students in Anhui Province(S202212216126140,S202212216135,S202212216144&AH202112216114)Key Project of Science Research Program for Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province(Natural Sciences)(2022AH051861&2024AH050601).
文摘With the rapid development of urbanization,urban environmental degradation has significantly impacted the ecological environment quality of urban residents.This study,taking 10 communities in Hefei as samples,integrates bibliometric analysis(Citespace),vegetation quadrat surveys,and resident satisfaction questionnaires to quantify the implementation pathways of biodiversity,low-carbon society,and therapeutic landscapes in community habitat design.Key findings reveal that the high-carbon-sequestration plant combination of Liriope spicata and Pittosporum tobira can mitigate urban heat island effects,while the aromatic plant assemblage of Cinnamomum camphorum and Osmanthus fragrans demonstrates notable stress-reduction benefits.Monoculture planting,however,leads to reduced pollinator populations.Based on these outcomes,a“4-3-2”design framework is proposed,which stands for 4 ecological indicators(greening rate≥40%,native plants≥60%,non-motorized transport coverage rate 100%,and therapeutic facilities≥2),3 types of spatial strategies(ecological network infiltration,low-carbon travel strategy,and therapeutic landscape creation),and 2 major participation mechanisms(resident environmental council and plant-adoption incentive program).This study provides a quantifiable and operational framework for urban community habitat improvement.
基金Research on the Construction of a Course Ideological and Political Education System and Evaluation Framework for the“Traditional Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine”Course(Project No.:2025J0459)Open Research Fund Program of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese(Project No.:CWCD2023-002,CWCD2023-003&CWCD2023-009)+2 种基金Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and TreatmentYunnan 047 Key Laboratory of Yi Dai Medicine and Yi Medicine(Project No.:2024SS24047)Yunnan 025 Key Laboratory of Yi Dai Medicine and Yi Medicine(Project No.:2024SS24025)。
文摘Standardized residency training programs primarily focus on developing clinical diagnostic and treatment skills,often allocating limited time to research activities.However,enhancing research skills is of paramount importance for residents,as it fosters critical thinking,problem-solving abilities,and a deeper understanding of applying scientific principles to clinical practice.This paper explores the necessity and significance of integrating research training into residency programs,emphasizing its role in cultivating well-rounded physicians capable of advancing medical knowledge.This study proposes a competency-based research training model that encompasses research literacy,study design,biostatistics,and scientific writing.Additionally,online asynchronous training modules,robust mentorship,and balanced time management strategies are recommended to enhance residents’research engagement without compromising clinical training.By implementing these measures,residency programs can improve residents’research capabilities,contributing to both individual professional growth and the broader advancement of medical science.
基金Scientific Research Fund Project of China Three Gorges University(Project No.:2022kj008)Special Scientific Research Fund Project of China Three Gorges University(Project No.:2023kjzx001)。
文摘As a crucial assessment tool,the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise(Mini-CEX)has gradually garnered attention in the clinical skills training of resident physicians.With the ongoing advancement of medical education reform,Mini-CEX not only offers a fresh perspective for evaluating the clinical competence of resident physicians but also establishes a foundation for enhancing their overall quality and professional capabilities.Nonetheless,there are still certain constraints in the application of Mini-CEX,including inconsistent assessment criteria,assessor subjectivity,and inadequate feedback mechanisms.This paper will review relevant domestic and international studies,explore the practical application of Mini-CEX in standardized resident physician training,analyze its strengths and weaknesses in assessing clinical ability,and propose recommendations for future development directions.Through a thorough examination of this field,it aims to provide references and guidance for further optimizing the training model for resident physicians.
基金supported by the Teaching Reform Project of Stomatology College of Chongqing Medical University(KQJ202215,KQJ202204)the Teaching Reform Project of Chongqing Medical University(JY20220317).
文摘As the most critical part of post-graduate education,the Chinese government launched Standard Resident Training in 2013 to solve the regional inequality of medical quality and meet the increasing social requirement for better medical service.We integrated problem-based learning(PBL)and case-based learning(CBL)in the Endodontics Standard Resident Training.By evaluating with objective parameters including theoretical knowledge and clinical practice skill,and subjective parameters including questionnaire,it was found that PBL+CBL played a positive role in endodontic resident training with a significant difference(P<0.05).This combined training model is instructive for China’s resident training,and this result can provide a rudimentary reference to current postgraduate teaching reform.
基金supported in part by the 2025 Yanbian University College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program.
文摘Background:Despite self-determination theory’s prominence,few studies examine BPN in China’s ethnic frontier regions.Therefore,this study investigates and analyzes the current situation of community residents with different demographic characteristics in Yanbian in the three basic psychological needs of competency needs,autonomy needs and attribution needs,so as to provide reference for the construction of community service in Yanbian area.Methods:A survey was conducted among 234 residents in four communities in Yanbian from September to October 2024.The equal probability random sampling method was used to collect data by using a general information questionnaire and basic psychological demand scale,and SPSS 28.0 was used for analysis.Through single factor analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis,the influencing factors and correlation of basic psychological needs of community residents in Yanbian area were discussed.Results:The basic psychological needs of residents were above the middle level;there is a significant positive correlation between economic status and the three dimensions of basic psychological needs(P<0.001).There is a significant positive correlation between the three dimensions of competence demand(β=2.028,P<0.001),autonomy demand(β=2.022,P<0.001),and attribution demand(β=2.693,P<0.001).Conclusion:The satisfaction degree of basic psychological needs of community residents in Yanbian is significantly affected by economic situation,which urges nurses to advocate for economic empowerment programs in community health and provides an empirical basis for the construction of a psychological service system in this area.At the same time,it is proposed that the region can respond by improving social support and improving employment results.
