High-density brines have been recognized beneficial for oilfield applications,with various key areas such as drilling,completion and formation evaluation.High-density brines can play a critical role in the development...High-density brines have been recognized beneficial for oilfield applications,with various key areas such as drilling,completion and formation evaluation.High-density brines can play a critical role in the development and production of oil and gas reservoirs during the primary,secondary,and tertiary recovery phases.High-density brines can enhance the mobility and recovery of the oil in the reservoir by controlling the density and viscosity.However,a less attention has been given to the application of high-density brine in the area of reservoir development.This review is shedding light on a concise overview of reservoir development stages in association with the recovery mechanisms.In addition,most possible applications of high-density fluids have also been reviewed in the field of the reservoir development.In summary,this review state that high-density brines can be used to stimulate reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing during the primary recovery phase.However,the risk of increased interfacial tension,which relies on the density difference of two fluids,can trap more residual oil relative to conventional water flooding.In addition,high-density brines are effective in decreasing the mobility ratio and facilitating favorable displacement during polymer flooding.However,they can be least effective in alkaline flooding due to the high IFT related to large density differences.Thus,it is suggested to consider the utilization of sustainable high-density brines by taking into account effective factors in petroleum engineering aspects such as stimulation,secondary recovery and polymer flooding.展开更多
Designing special well patterns, tridimensional reservoir development selects a variety of wells and uses the gravity energy to maximize the hydrocarbon recovery. It's a new development model to implement the oil ...Designing special well patterns, tridimensional reservoir development selects a variety of wells and uses the gravity energy to maximize the hydrocarbon recovery. It's a new development model to implement the oil and gas exploitation economically and efficiently. It is suitable for both huge oiliness altitude reservoirs and large dip-angle sandstone reservoirs, and more for the carbonate reservoirs developed in high-angle fractures, volcanic reservoirs and metamorphic reservoirs.展开更多
The Chang-63 reservoir in the Huaqing area has widely developed tight sandstone ＂thick sand layers, but not reservoirs characterized by rich in oil＂, and it is thus necessary to further study its oil and gas enrichm...The Chang-63 reservoir in the Huaqing area has widely developed tight sandstone ＂thick sand layers, but not reservoirs characterized by rich in oil＂, and it is thus necessary to further study its oil and gas enrichment law. This study builds porosity and fracture development and evolution models in different deposition environments, through core observation, casting thin section, SEM, porosity and permeability analysis, burial history analysis, and ＂four-property-relationships＂ analysis.展开更多
In recent years,deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs have become an important field in increasing conventional gas reserves and production in the Sichuan Basin.Due to complex hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,great ...In recent years,deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs have become an important field in increasing conventional gas reserves and production in the Sichuan Basin.Due to complex hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,great burial depth and complicate gas-water relation,however,this type of gas reservoirs faces huge challenges to realize efficient development.In this paper,the development history of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin was analyzed.Then,based on such development characteristics and practices,special technologies were summarized.Finally,the research direction for the coming years was pointed out.And the following research results were obtained.First,the reserves of the deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin vary greatly in scales and types.The reservoirs are of poor quality and strong heterogeneity with active edge and bottom water.The raw gas generally contains acidic gas.What's more,most development wells are located in mountainous areas,and drilled formations are complicated in vertical distribution.Second,special technologies have been formed in the Sichuan Basin,including the fine description technology for strong-heterogeneity gas reservoirs in deep low-gentle structures,the optimized water control technology for the water-bearing gas reservoirs with developed small-scale fractures and vugs,drilling,completion and stimulation engineering technologies for deep complex gas wells,and the support technology for clean and safe development of sulfur-bearing gas reservoirs,so as to provide support for the efficient productivity construction and optimized development of giant marine carbonate reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.Third,as the development of the carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin begins to convert into the gas reservoirs in ultra-deep complex structures,the next direction of technological research is the fine structure description and thin reservoir prediction technique,across-scale numerical simulation technique,drilling and completion and gas production engineering technique for deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs.It is concluded that these special technologies for the efficient development of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs provides powerful support for PetroChina Southwest Company to build up giant gas fields with the reserves of tens of billions of cubic meters and realize the leaping growth of gas production.The research results can provide valuable technical reference for the development of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs at home and abroad.展开更多
In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionall...In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionally,this optimization process was centered on a single objective,such as net present value,return on investment,cumulative oil production,or cumulative water production.However,the inherent complexity of reservoir exploration necessitates a departure from this single-objective approach.Mul-tiple conflicting production and economic indicators must now be considered to enable more precise and robust decision-making.In response to this challenge,researchers have embarked on a journey to explore field development optimization of multiple conflicting criteria,employing the formidable tools of multi-objective optimization algorithms.These algorithms delve into the intricate terrain of production strategy design,seeking to strike a delicate balance between the often-contrasting objectives.Over the years,a plethora of these algorithms have emerged,ranging from a priori methods to a posteriori approach,each offering unique insights and capabilities.This survey endeavors to encapsulate,catego-rize,and scrutinize these invaluable contributions to field development optimization,which grapple with the complexities of multiple conflicting objective functions.Beyond the overview of existing methodologies,we delve into the persisting challenges faced by researchers and practitioners alike.Notably,the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to production optimization is hin-dered by the resource-intensive nature of reservoir simulation,especially when confronted with inherent uncertainties.As a result of this survey,emerging opportunities have been identified that will serve as catalysts for pivotal research endeavors in the future.As intelligent and more efficient algo-rithms continue to evolve,the potential for addressing hitherto insurmountable field development optimization obstacles becomes increasingly viable.This discussion on future prospects aims to inspire critical research,guiding the way toward innovative solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of oil and gas production optimization.展开更多
The field test of high concentration polymer flooding has the characteristics of high cost, long cycle and irreversibility of the reservoir development process. In order to ensure the best development effect of the de...The field test of high concentration polymer flooding has the characteristics of high cost, long cycle and irreversibility of the reservoir development process. In order to ensure the best development effect of the development block, this paper simulated and calculated the high concentration polymer flooding development case of the polymer flooding pilot test area through numerical simulation research, and selected the best case through the comparison of various development indicators. The simulation results showed that the larger the polymer dosage and the higher the concentration, the better the oil displacement effect. The best injection method in the construction process was the overall injection of high concentration polymer. The test area should implement high concentration polymer oil displacement as soon as possible. The research results provided theoretical guidance for the future development and management of the pilot area.展开更多
The new century has witnessed a strategic breakthrough in unconventional oil ＆ gas.Hydrocarbon accumulated in micro-/nano-scale pore throat shale systems has become an important domain that could replace current oil ...The new century has witnessed a strategic breakthrough in unconventional oil ＆ gas.Hydrocarbon accumulated in micro-/nano-scale pore throat shale systems has become an important domain that could replace current oil ＆ gas resources.Unconventional oil ＆ gas plays an increasingly important role in our energy demand.Tight gas,CBM,heavy oil and asphaltic sand have served as a key domain of exploration ＆ development,with tight oil becoming a ＇bright spot＇ domain and shale gas becoming a ＇hotspot＇ domain.China has made great breakthroughs in unconventional oil ＆ gas resources,such as tight gas,shale gas,tight oil and CBM,and great progress in oil shale,gas hydrate,heavy oil and oil sand.China has an estimated（223-263）×10~8t of unconventional oil resources and（890-1260）×l0^（12）m^3 of gas resources.China has made a breakthrough for progress in unconventional oil ＆ gas study.New progress achieved in fine-grained sedimentary studies related to continental open lacustrine basin large-scale shallow-water delta sand bodies,lacustrine basin central sandy clastic flow sediments and marine-continental fine-grained sediments provide a theoretical basis for the formation and distribution of basin central reservoir bodies.Great breakthroughs have been made in unconventional reservoir geology in respect of research methodology ＆ technology,multi-scale data merging and physical simulation of formation conditions.Overall characterization of unconventional reservoirs via multi-method and multi-scale becomes increasingly popular and facilitates the rapid development of unconventional oil ＆ gas geological theory,method and technology.The formation of innovative,continuous hydrocarbon accumulation theory,the establishment of the framework of the unconventional oil ＆ gas geological theory system,and the determination of the implications,geological feature,formation mechanism,distribution rule and core technology of unconventional oil＆ gas geological study lays a theoretical foundation for extensive unconventional oil ＆ gas exploration and development.Theories and technologies of unconventional oil ＆ gas exploration and development developed rapidly,including some key evaluation techniques such as ＇sweet spot zone＇ integrated evaluation and a six-property evaluation technique that uses hydrocarbon source,lithology,physical property,brittleness,hydrocarbon potential and stress anisotropy,and some key development ＆engineering technologies including micro-seismic monitoring,horizontal drilling ＆ completion and ＂factory-like＂ operation pattern, ＂man-made reservoir＂ development,which have facilitated the innovative development of unconventional oil ＆ gas.These breakthroughs define a new understanding in four aspects：①theoretical innovation;② key technologies;③ complete market mechanism and national policy support;and ④ well-developed ground infrastructure,which are significant for prolonging the life cycle of petroleum industry,accelerating the upgrade and development of theories and technologies and altering the global traditional energy structure.展开更多
Upper Cretaceous limestones represent the primary reservoirs in the B Oilfield,central Mesopotamian Basin.While syndepositional faults have clear influences on the thickness of these strata,their controls on sedimenta...Upper Cretaceous limestones represent the primary reservoirs in the B Oilfield,central Mesopotamian Basin.While syndepositional faults have clear influences on the thickness of these strata,their controls on sedimentation across different reservoir intervals remain poorly understood.This study examines the sedimentary responses to syndepositional faulting during the Late Cretaceous through integrating analysis of fault growth rates and facies distribution across fault blocks.Estimated growth rates for two major faults(F1 and F2)range from 0 to 30 m/Ma,with thickness differences of up to 60 m observed between hanging wall and footwall sites.Fault activity varied over time and was more intense during the deposition of the Lower Hartha and Tanuma formations.This enhanced activity resulted in significant thickness variations and promoted the accumulation of foraminifera and bioclastic packstone facies(MF3/MF2)inside tilted fault-blocks,which are associated with favorable reservoir properties.By influencing facies distribution,syndepositional faulting might also contribute to the development of thicker reservoirs within fault zones.In contrast,fault activity diminished during the deposition of the Upper Hartha and Khasib formations,where more uniform stratigraphic thickness and facies distributions are observed.These findings highlight the critical role of syndepositional faulting in creating accommodation space and enhancing reservoir development conditions in the study area,offering valuable implications for petroleum exploration and reservoir modeling in structurally analogous settings.展开更多
基金supported by the King Fahd University of Pe-troleum and Minerals[Grant No.KU201004]Khalifa University[Grant No.KU-KFUPM-2020-28]H2FC2303 DSR Project of KFUPM.
文摘High-density brines have been recognized beneficial for oilfield applications,with various key areas such as drilling,completion and formation evaluation.High-density brines can play a critical role in the development and production of oil and gas reservoirs during the primary,secondary,and tertiary recovery phases.High-density brines can enhance the mobility and recovery of the oil in the reservoir by controlling the density and viscosity.However,a less attention has been given to the application of high-density brine in the area of reservoir development.This review is shedding light on a concise overview of reservoir development stages in association with the recovery mechanisms.In addition,most possible applications of high-density fluids have also been reviewed in the field of the reservoir development.In summary,this review state that high-density brines can be used to stimulate reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing during the primary recovery phase.However,the risk of increased interfacial tension,which relies on the density difference of two fluids,can trap more residual oil relative to conventional water flooding.In addition,high-density brines are effective in decreasing the mobility ratio and facilitating favorable displacement during polymer flooding.However,they can be least effective in alkaline flooding due to the high IFT related to large density differences.Thus,it is suggested to consider the utilization of sustainable high-density brines by taking into account effective factors in petroleum engineering aspects such as stimulation,secondary recovery and polymer flooding.
文摘Designing special well patterns, tridimensional reservoir development selects a variety of wells and uses the gravity energy to maximize the hydrocarbon recovery. It's a new development model to implement the oil and gas exploitation economically and efficiently. It is suitable for both huge oiliness altitude reservoirs and large dip-angle sandstone reservoirs, and more for the carbonate reservoirs developed in high-angle fractures, volcanic reservoirs and metamorphic reservoirs.
文摘The Chang-63 reservoir in the Huaqing area has widely developed tight sandstone ＂thick sand layers, but not reservoirs characterized by rich in oil＂, and it is thus necessary to further study its oil and gas enrichment law. This study builds porosity and fracture development and evolution models in different deposition environments, through core observation, casting thin section, SEM, porosity and permeability analysis, burial history analysis, and ＂four-property-relationships＂ analysis.
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project“Demonstration Project of Development of Large Carbonate Gas Fields in the Sichuan Basin”(No.:2016ZX05052)Scientific Research and Technological Development Project of PetroChina Company Limited“Research and Application of Key Technologies for 30 Bcm-level Gas Production in the Southwest Oil&Gas Field”(No.:2016E-06).
文摘In recent years,deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs have become an important field in increasing conventional gas reserves and production in the Sichuan Basin.Due to complex hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,great burial depth and complicate gas-water relation,however,this type of gas reservoirs faces huge challenges to realize efficient development.In this paper,the development history of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin was analyzed.Then,based on such development characteristics and practices,special technologies were summarized.Finally,the research direction for the coming years was pointed out.And the following research results were obtained.First,the reserves of the deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin vary greatly in scales and types.The reservoirs are of poor quality and strong heterogeneity with active edge and bottom water.The raw gas generally contains acidic gas.What's more,most development wells are located in mountainous areas,and drilled formations are complicated in vertical distribution.Second,special technologies have been formed in the Sichuan Basin,including the fine description technology for strong-heterogeneity gas reservoirs in deep low-gentle structures,the optimized water control technology for the water-bearing gas reservoirs with developed small-scale fractures and vugs,drilling,completion and stimulation engineering technologies for deep complex gas wells,and the support technology for clean and safe development of sulfur-bearing gas reservoirs,so as to provide support for the efficient productivity construction and optimized development of giant marine carbonate reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.Third,as the development of the carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin begins to convert into the gas reservoirs in ultra-deep complex structures,the next direction of technological research is the fine structure description and thin reservoir prediction technique,across-scale numerical simulation technique,drilling and completion and gas production engineering technique for deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs.It is concluded that these special technologies for the efficient development of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs provides powerful support for PetroChina Southwest Company to build up giant gas fields with the reserves of tens of billions of cubic meters and realize the leaping growth of gas production.The research results can provide valuable technical reference for the development of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs at home and abroad.
基金the support of EPIC - Energy Production Innovation Center, hosted by the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and sponsored by Equinor Brazil and FAPESP - Sao Paulo Research Foundation (2021/04878- 7 and 2017/15736-3)financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Brasil (CAPES) - Financing Code 001
文摘In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionally,this optimization process was centered on a single objective,such as net present value,return on investment,cumulative oil production,or cumulative water production.However,the inherent complexity of reservoir exploration necessitates a departure from this single-objective approach.Mul-tiple conflicting production and economic indicators must now be considered to enable more precise and robust decision-making.In response to this challenge,researchers have embarked on a journey to explore field development optimization of multiple conflicting criteria,employing the formidable tools of multi-objective optimization algorithms.These algorithms delve into the intricate terrain of production strategy design,seeking to strike a delicate balance between the often-contrasting objectives.Over the years,a plethora of these algorithms have emerged,ranging from a priori methods to a posteriori approach,each offering unique insights and capabilities.This survey endeavors to encapsulate,catego-rize,and scrutinize these invaluable contributions to field development optimization,which grapple with the complexities of multiple conflicting objective functions.Beyond the overview of existing methodologies,we delve into the persisting challenges faced by researchers and practitioners alike.Notably,the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to production optimization is hin-dered by the resource-intensive nature of reservoir simulation,especially when confronted with inherent uncertainties.As a result of this survey,emerging opportunities have been identified that will serve as catalysts for pivotal research endeavors in the future.As intelligent and more efficient algo-rithms continue to evolve,the potential for addressing hitherto insurmountable field development optimization obstacles becomes increasingly viable.This discussion on future prospects aims to inspire critical research,guiding the way toward innovative solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of oil and gas production optimization.
文摘The field test of high concentration polymer flooding has the characteristics of high cost, long cycle and irreversibility of the reservoir development process. In order to ensure the best development effect of the development block, this paper simulated and calculated the high concentration polymer flooding development case of the polymer flooding pilot test area through numerical simulation research, and selected the best case through the comparison of various development indicators. The simulation results showed that the larger the polymer dosage and the higher the concentration, the better the oil displacement effect. The best injection method in the construction process was the overall injection of high concentration polymer. The test area should implement high concentration polymer oil displacement as soon as possible. The research results provided theoretical guidance for the future development and management of the pilot area.
基金Funded by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program(973 Program),China(Grant 2014CB239000)China National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant 2011ZX05001)
文摘The new century has witnessed a strategic breakthrough in unconventional oil ＆ gas.Hydrocarbon accumulated in micro-/nano-scale pore throat shale systems has become an important domain that could replace current oil ＆ gas resources.Unconventional oil ＆ gas plays an increasingly important role in our energy demand.Tight gas,CBM,heavy oil and asphaltic sand have served as a key domain of exploration ＆ development,with tight oil becoming a ＇bright spot＇ domain and shale gas becoming a ＇hotspot＇ domain.China has made great breakthroughs in unconventional oil ＆ gas resources,such as tight gas,shale gas,tight oil and CBM,and great progress in oil shale,gas hydrate,heavy oil and oil sand.China has an estimated（223-263）×10~8t of unconventional oil resources and（890-1260）×l0^（12）m^3 of gas resources.China has made a breakthrough for progress in unconventional oil ＆ gas study.New progress achieved in fine-grained sedimentary studies related to continental open lacustrine basin large-scale shallow-water delta sand bodies,lacustrine basin central sandy clastic flow sediments and marine-continental fine-grained sediments provide a theoretical basis for the formation and distribution of basin central reservoir bodies.Great breakthroughs have been made in unconventional reservoir geology in respect of research methodology ＆ technology,multi-scale data merging and physical simulation of formation conditions.Overall characterization of unconventional reservoirs via multi-method and multi-scale becomes increasingly popular and facilitates the rapid development of unconventional oil ＆ gas geological theory,method and technology.The formation of innovative,continuous hydrocarbon accumulation theory,the establishment of the framework of the unconventional oil ＆ gas geological theory system,and the determination of the implications,geological feature,formation mechanism,distribution rule and core technology of unconventional oil＆ gas geological study lays a theoretical foundation for extensive unconventional oil ＆ gas exploration and development.Theories and technologies of unconventional oil ＆ gas exploration and development developed rapidly,including some key evaluation techniques such as ＇sweet spot zone＇ integrated evaluation and a six-property evaluation technique that uses hydrocarbon source,lithology,physical property,brittleness,hydrocarbon potential and stress anisotropy,and some key development ＆engineering technologies including micro-seismic monitoring,horizontal drilling ＆ completion and ＂factory-like＂ operation pattern, ＂man-made reservoir＂ development,which have facilitated the innovative development of unconventional oil ＆ gas.These breakthroughs define a new understanding in four aspects：①theoretical innovation;② key technologies;③ complete market mechanism and national policy support;and ④ well-developed ground infrastructure,which are significant for prolonging the life cycle of petroleum industry,accelerating the upgrade and development of theories and technologies and altering the global traditional energy structure.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2025ZD1400805)。
文摘Upper Cretaceous limestones represent the primary reservoirs in the B Oilfield,central Mesopotamian Basin.While syndepositional faults have clear influences on the thickness of these strata,their controls on sedimentation across different reservoir intervals remain poorly understood.This study examines the sedimentary responses to syndepositional faulting during the Late Cretaceous through integrating analysis of fault growth rates and facies distribution across fault blocks.Estimated growth rates for two major faults(F1 and F2)range from 0 to 30 m/Ma,with thickness differences of up to 60 m observed between hanging wall and footwall sites.Fault activity varied over time and was more intense during the deposition of the Lower Hartha and Tanuma formations.This enhanced activity resulted in significant thickness variations and promoted the accumulation of foraminifera and bioclastic packstone facies(MF3/MF2)inside tilted fault-blocks,which are associated with favorable reservoir properties.By influencing facies distribution,syndepositional faulting might also contribute to the development of thicker reservoirs within fault zones.In contrast,fault activity diminished during the deposition of the Upper Hartha and Khasib formations,where more uniform stratigraphic thickness and facies distributions are observed.These findings highlight the critical role of syndepositional faulting in creating accommodation space and enhancing reservoir development conditions in the study area,offering valuable implications for petroleum exploration and reservoir modeling in structurally analogous settings.
