Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are crucial for tree growth and survival under climatic stress,yet their spatial dynamics across broad climate gradients remain unclear.Pines(Pinus spp.),one of the most widely distri...Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are crucial for tree growth and survival under climatic stress,yet their spatial dynamics across broad climate gradients remain unclear.Pines(Pinus spp.),one of the most widely distributed tree genera worldwide,provide an ideal system for investigating large-scale spatial patterns of NSC within a single genus along extensive climatic gradients.Here,we compiled a global NSC database for pines across 74 sites,and assessed the spatial variation in total NSC,starch(St),and soluble sugars(SS)concentrations in stem sapwood,the primary reserve tissue,along site-specific mean annual temperature(MAT)and precipitation(MAP).Our results show that MAP exerted a stronger influence(R^(2)=20%–47%)on the spatial variation in total NSC and its components than did MAT(R^(2)=6%–16%).Tota concentrations declined nonlinearly with increasing MAP,with the rate of decline slowing beyond approximately 800 mm.While MAT had weaker effects on total NSC concentrations,both MAT and MAP jointly regulated NSC partitioning:Higher MAT and MAP were associated with reduced St concentrations but elevated SS concentrations and SS:St ratios.These findings suggest that pine species in cold and arid environments prioritize storing NSC as St,whereas in relatively warm and humid environments,NSC are preferentially mobilized into SS to support immediate metabolic and growth demands.展开更多
In a pivotal moment for global conservation policy,UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere(MAB)Programme has endorsed the Hangzhou Strategic Action Plan(HSAP)2026–2035(UNESCO,2025),a decade-long roadmap that positions the Wo...In a pivotal moment for global conservation policy,UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere(MAB)Programme has endorsed the Hangzhou Strategic Action Plan(HSAP)2026–2035(UNESCO,2025),a decade-long roadmap that positions the World Network of Biosphere Reserves(WNBR)as central actors in delivering biodiversity,climate and sustainable-development goals(SDGs).The plan—developed and opened for global consultation in the runup to the 5th World Congress of Biosphere Reserves—articulates strategic directions,measurable action targets and practical instruments to strengthen biosphere reserves as living laboratories for people and nature(Ma,2025).展开更多
The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)is distributed in the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,as well as in Dongting and Poyang lakes.Currently,the mos...The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)is distributed in the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,as well as in Dongting and Poyang lakes.Currently,the most crucial conservation approach involves the establishment and management of both in-situ and ex-situ nature reserves.Since the 1990s,seven nature reserves have been established in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,covering nearly one-third of its main stream.Additionally,two nature reserves,one in the Dongting Lake and another in the Poyang Lake,have been set up;and three ex-situ nature reserves have been established in three oxbows respectively in Hunan,Hubei,and Anhui provinces.Through measures such as improving the ecological environment quality within the reserves,regulating human activities,and conducting continuous monitoring,the finless porpoise population showed a slight increase in 2022 for the first time.The ex-situ population has continued to grow,with four individuals being released back into the main stream of the Yangtze River after undergoing reintroduction training in 2023.Based on the population development lasting for over three decades,and predictions of future ecological changes,orderly establishment and scientific management of nature reserves have played a key role in and will remain an important basis for the sustaining growth of the finless porpoise population.展开更多
Ecotourism is a significant approach for the protective development of nature reserves. Through analyzing the necessity of developing ecotourism, learning from the successful ecotourism development cases of nature res...Ecotourism is a significant approach for the protective development of nature reserves. Through analyzing the necessity of developing ecotourism, learning from the successful ecotourism development cases of nature reserves in China and abroad, the authors proposed a new Nature Reserve Protective Tourism Exploring Mode (NRPTEM) with the integration of "protection, development and management", such a mode contains 3 systems (protection, development and management), 12 projects (biodiversity protection, geological remains protection, protection of human ecology, environment monitoring, scientific planning, product development, market expansion, facility construction, capacity building, community co-management, environment education and management innovation) as well as human (a critical structural factor). The relationship between these items in the complicated process of ecotourism development of nature reserves was elaborated, and the dominant role of human factors in the 3 systems was also put forward.展开更多
Purpose: Fully integrating its e-reserves service into the university's course management system has become the primary design goal of the innovative e-reserves service system at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU...Purpose: Fully integrating its e-reserves service into the university's course management system has become the primary design goal of the innovative e-reserves service system at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU) Library.Design/methodology/approach: Through blending library and information service into the teaching and learning process, SJTU Library has effectively combined its reserves service into the user learning environment. The main metadata model and the design of various interfaces of the e-reserves service system are introduced.Findings: E-reserves has been integrated into the course management system. Users can directly access relevant resources when they browse the customized course page. It is more convenient for teachers to add reserves items, and the added items can be made available simultaneously on SJTU Library's resource discovery platform automatically.Research limitations: At present, e-reserves items are mainly books, and more other types of reserves materials are needed to be provided. Some relevant copyright issues should be addressed.Practical implications: Using a series of interface interactions, the e-reserves service has been integrated into the university's course management system. It is convenient for students to access customized e-reserves service during their learning process.Originality/value: We achieved interconnection between the e-reserves and the university's course management system. Information on the e-reserves Web page is automatically updated.SJTU Library provides customized e-reserves service in the course management system.展开更多
Tungsten is a strategic metal that is widely used in various fields such as electron communication,aeronautics and astronautics,materials and chemical engineering,due to its special properties.China has the largest re...Tungsten is a strategic metal that is widely used in various fields such as electron communication,aeronautics and astronautics,materials and chemical engineering,due to its special properties.China has the largest reserves of tungsten resources and the largest output of tungsten concentrate in the world,and plays a decisive role in the world tungsten market.In this work,firstly,the reserves and distribution characteristics of tungsten resources in China were summarized,and the production situation of tungsten concentrate in China was reviewed.Based on the gross domestic product per capita(GDP/capita),five different annual GDP growth rates were used to estimate China’s tungsten concentrate production in the future.The estimation results suggested that if China’s economy continues to grow at the current rate,the accumulative production of tungsten concentrate will exceed current reserves by approximately 2032.Then,from the aspects of process flow,beneficiation equipment and flotation reagents,the beneficiation technology development of different types of tungsten ore in China was also reviewed,including wolframite,scheelite and tungsten-bearing slime.Finally,taking several representative tungsten mines in China as examples,the classic beneficiation technology of different types of tungsten ores was elucidated in detail.Meanwhile,the development direction of tungsten beneficiation technology in the future was put forward,which was of great significance to maintain the superiority of tungsten resources in China.展开更多
Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D g...Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.展开更多
With the rapid development of population and urbanization and the progress of lighting technology, the influence of artificial light sources has increased.In this context, the problem of light pollution has attracted ...With the rapid development of population and urbanization and the progress of lighting technology, the influence of artificial light sources has increased.In this context, the problem of light pollution has attracted wide attention.Previous studies have revealed that light pollution can affect biological living environments, human physical and mental health, astronomical observations and many other aspects.Therefore, organizations internationally have begun to advocate for measures to prevent light pollution, many of which are recognized by the International Dark-Sky Association(IDA).In addition to improving public awareness, legal protections, technical treatments and other means, the construction of Dark Sky Reserves(DSR) has proven to be an effective preventive measure.So far, as a pioneer practice in this field, the IDA has identified 11 DSRs worldwide.Based on the DA requirements for DSRs, this paper utilizes NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and other multi-source spatial data to analyze possible DSR sites in China.The land of China was divided into more than ten thousand 30 km × 30 km fishnets, and constraint and suitable conditions were designated, respectively, as light and cloud conditions, and scale, traffic and attractiveness conditions.Using a multiple criteria evaluation, 1443 fishnets were finally selected as most suitable sites for the construction of DSRs.Results found that less than 25% of China is not subject to light pollution, and less than 13% is suitable for DSR construction, primarily in western and northern areas, including Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia.展开更多
Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method(LSCM).To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature ...Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method(LSCM).To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment,the alpine grassland net primary production(NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP,the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau.(2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected,the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant,whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan.With the exception of Selincuo,the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert.(3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples:(a) After the establishment of the nature reserves,the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves.(b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun,Changshagongma,Zoige and Selincuo(Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively sig-nificant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves,whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious.(c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow,but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe.This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change.Careful design of the samples used,to ensure comparability between the samples,is crucial to the success of this LSCM.展开更多
National nature reserves are an important part of classification management on ecological protection in China. Taking the national nature reserves of Jilin Province as examples, this paper introduced the stability ind...National nature reserves are an important part of classification management on ecological protection in China. Taking the national nature reserves of Jilin Province as examples, this paper introduced the stability index by referring to the intensity model of landuse and land-cover change(LUCC), and analyzed the overall stability of land-use and land-cover(LULC) in the study area from the time interval level and land category level. The stability of LULC in different types of nature reserves was tracked and identified by extracting land-use change trajectory, and the land-use change trajectory was divided into three types: stable type, sub-stable type and unstable type. The impact of LUCC on regional ecosystem services was studied by using hotspot analysis and gravity center analysis. The results showed that: 1) The LULC in the study area was stable on the whole, and the proportion of stable land area reached 86.08%. The intensity of LUCC showed an increasing trend in recent 20 years, and the conversion of cultivated land and construction land was active in continuous time interval. 2) The stability of LULC in forest ecological reserves and wildlife reserves in the eastern part of Jilin Province was the highest, while that in inland wetland reserves and geological relic reserves in the central and western part of Jilin Province was lower.3) The LUCC in national nature reserves not only changed the value of its own ecosystem service function, but also affected the ecosystem service function of the whole region. The combination of intensity analysis and land-use change trajectory was used to identify the characteristics of stability of LULC in nature reserves, which was conducive to deeply understand the process of LUCC in national nature reserves and provided reasonable suggestions for regional ecological protection.展开更多
The construction of nature reserves in China is reviewed in this paper, mainly including the number, type, administration and distribution of nature reserves, the progress in research on biodiversity, evaluation, mana...The construction of nature reserves in China is reviewed in this paper, mainly including the number, type, administration and distribution of nature reserves, the progress in research on biodiversity, evaluation, management, sustainable development of nature reserves in China is summarized briefly, and some development tendencies of research on nature reserves are put forward.展开更多
Analyzes on solid potassium mineral reserves calculation methods and existing problems of chaerhan salt lake,t with many parameters comparison solid potassium mineral reserves calculation results are reliable,the
Excessive rainfall provides a favorable condition for field mold infection of plants, which triggers field mold(FM) stress. If FM stress occurs during the late maturation stage of soybean seed, it negatively affects s...Excessive rainfall provides a favorable condition for field mold infection of plants, which triggers field mold(FM) stress. If FM stress occurs during the late maturation stage of soybean seed, it negatively affects seed yield and quality. To investigate the responses of soybean seed against FM stress and identify the underlying biochemical pathways involved, a greenhouse was equipped with an artificial rain producing system to allow the induction of mold growth on soybean seed. The induced quality changes and stress responses were revealed on the levels of both transcriptome and metabolome. The results showed that soybean seeds produced under FM stress conditions had an abnormal and inferior appearance, and also contained less storage reserves, such as protein and polysaccharide. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that genes involved in amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid, β-oxidation of fatty acids, and isoflavone biosynthesis were induced by FM stress. These results were supported by a multiple metabolic analysis which exhibited increases in the concentrations of a variety of amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and isoflavones, as well as reductions of several fatty acids. Reprogramming of these metabolic pathways mobilized and consumed stored protein, sugar and fatty acid reserves in the soybean seed in order to meet the energy and substrate demand on the defense system, but led to deterioration of seed quality. In general, FM stress induced catabolism of storage reserves and diminished the quality of soybean seed in the field. This study provides a more profound insight into seed deterioration caused by FM stress.展开更多
Until 2015,China had established 2740 nature reserves with a total area of 1.47million km^2,covering 14.8%of China’s terrestrial land surface.Based on remote sensing inversion,ecological model simulation and spatial ...Until 2015,China had established 2740 nature reserves with a total area of 1.47million km^2,covering 14.8%of China’s terrestrial land surface.Based on remote sensing inversion,ecological model simulation and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of fractional vegetation coverage(FVC),net primary production(NPP),and human disturbance(HD)in habitats of typical national nature reserves(NNRs)during the first 15 years of the 21st century from 2000 to 2015.And then the three indicators were compared between different NNR types and varied climate zones.The results showed that(1)the average 5-year FVC of NNRs increased from 36.3%to 37.1%,and it improved in all types of NNRs to some extent.The annual average FVC increased by 0.11%,0.84%,0.21%,0.09%,0.11%and 0.08%in NNRs of forest ecosystem,plain meadow,inland wetland,desert ecosystem,wild animal and wild plant,respectively.(2)The NPP annually increased by 2.06 g·m^(-2),1.23 g·m^(-2),0.28 g·m^(-2)and 0.4 g·m^(-2)in NNRs of plain meadow,inland wetland,desert ecosystem and wild animal,respectively.However,it decreased by 3.45 g·m^(-2)and2.35 g·m^(-2)in NNRs of forest ecosystem and wild plant respectively.(3)In the past 15 years,besides the slight decreases in the NNRs located at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the south subtropical zone,HD enhanced in most of NNRs,especially HD in the warm temperate humid zone increased from 4.7%to 5.35%.展开更多
Mapping the human footprint(HF)makes it possible to quantify human influence,which has had an unprecedented impact on the global ecosystem.Using five categories of human pressure data,this study mapped the HF of the H...Mapping the human footprint(HF)makes it possible to quantify human influence,which has had an unprecedented impact on the global ecosystem.Using five categories of human pressure data,this study mapped the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region and assessed the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts.The results showed that the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region was generally higher in the south and lower in the north.The HF increased by 11.24%over the past 25 years,with faster growth in the southeast.The HF growth rate in nature reserves was much lower than that across the region,which indicated that nature reserves played an important role in reducing the impact of human pressure.A study of Baimaxueshan nature reserve found that establishing nature reserves could effectively reduce the impact of human activities,and no"leakage"occurred.Population growth was an important reason for the increased HF in nature reserves.The development of ecotourism in nature reserves must be based on ecological protection.Strengthening the long-term monitoring,evaluation,and management of nature reserves is a basic requirement for their long-term development.展开更多
The approaches adopted so far in China to calculate reserves of ore deposits have largely been dependent on polygonal methods, including a cross-section method and a geological block method. However, for various reaso...The approaches adopted so far in China to calculate reserves of ore deposits have largely been dependent on polygonal methods, including a cross-section method and a geological block method. However, for various reasons, especially, the complexity of the geology, and the ore bodies, the deposits became gradually known as development and exploitation took place. There is a certain difference between the prospecting and mining, which will have a great impact on both geological and cutoff grade at the stage of geological mine construction and production. As much accurate information as possible on the spatial distribution patterns of ore bodies and global reserves is essential to improve the production efficiency and reduce production cost. The 10-9 ore body of Lutangba in the Gejiu Tin Deposits was selected as our research object, using a log Kriging and an inverse distance weighing method. In our paper the results are compared with the reserves calculated by the polygonal block method. The global estimate and estimation errors associated with each estimation method are discussed.展开更多
A study was conducted to estimate the forest cover change, quantify and map tree above-ground carbon stock using Remote sensing and GIS techniques together with forest inventory. Landsat images of 1980, 1995 and 2010 ...A study was conducted to estimate the forest cover change, quantify and map tree above-ground carbon stock using Remote sensing and GIS techniques together with forest inventory. Landsat images of 1980, 1995 and 2010 acquired during dry season were used in the estimation of cover changes. Supervised image classification using Maximum Likeli-hood Classifier was performed in ERDAS Imagine software to analyze the images and further analysis was performed in Arc GIS 9.3 software. Stratified sampling procedure was used to select concentric inventory plots in Pugu Forest Reserve (PFR) and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve (KFR). Plots were laid according to NAFORMA, and the tree parameters in each sampling plot were collected. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to compute the above-ground bio- mass for each plot using an empirical equation relating wood basic density and tree height. The above-ground carbon was calculated using a conversion factor of 0.49. Geostatistical method in ArcGIS was used to analyze and map carbon. Results revealed that for the periods 1980-1995 and 1995-2010, Closed Forest in PFR decreased by 4.5% and 25.3% respectively, while for KFR, Closed Forest decreased by 11.9% and 31.3% respectively. The mean carbon density for PFR and KFR were respectively 5.72 tC/ha and 0.98 tC/ha while carbon stocks were 14 730.41 tC and 7 206.46 tC re- spectively. The revealed low carbon densities were attributable to decline in area under Closed Forest in the two Forest Reserves. The study recommends concerted efforts to enhance proper management of the forests so that the two forest reserves may contribute to REDD initiatives.展开更多
The concentrations of five metals(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg) were measured in sediments obtained before and after the establishment of Techeng Island Special Marine Reserves(TCISMR) in Zhanjiang Bay to evaluate the ecolog...The concentrations of five metals(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg) were measured in sediments obtained before and after the establishment of Techeng Island Special Marine Reserves(TCISMR) in Zhanjiang Bay to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals. The results showed that average values of potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals at all stations increased slightly from 32.09 to 30.54 after establishment of TCISMR. Optimal semivariance simulation showed that the contents of five heavy metals have strong spatial correlations in August 2010(before), while this correlations weakened in April 2013(after establishment of TCISMR), suggesting that the main sources of heavy metals changed. The Hakanson Risk Index(HRI) values in Donghai levee, central and southern parts of Zhanjiang harbor were high up to 60.13 and 46.46, respectively. And Zhanjiang Bay Channel, the areas around special marine reserves, the artificial reef areas and mangrove areas at south of Techeng Island are the areas with low ecological risk and high ecological value, which should be treated as the prior ecological protection areas. Our study provided a priority control pattern of heavy metal pollution in TCISMR, which greatly benefits the sustainable development and resource protection in Zhanjiang Bay.展开更多
To solve the problems facing the economic development of unconventional oil and gas, a new concept and corresponding technology system of reservoir stimulation based on "fracture-controlled reserves" are put...To solve the problems facing the economic development of unconventional oil and gas, a new concept and corresponding technology system of reservoir stimulation based on "fracture-controlled reserves" are put forward. The "fracture-controlled reserves" stimulation technology is to realize the three-dimensional producing and economic and efficient development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources by forming a fracture system that well matches "sweet spots" and "non-sweet spots". The technical route of the stimulation technology is "three optimizations and controls", that is, control the scope of sand body through optimizing well spacing, control the recoverable reserves through optimizing fracture system, and control the single well production reduction through optimizing energy complement method. The "fracture-controlled reserves" stimulation emphasizes the maximization of the initial stimulation coefficient, the integration of energy replenishment, stimulation and production, and prolonging the re-fracturing cycle or avoiding re-fracturing. It aims at realizing the three-dimensional full producing and efficient development of reservoir in vertical and horizontal directions and achieving the large-scale, sustainable and high profitable development of unconventional oil and gas resources. The stimulation technology was used to perform 20 pilot projects in five typical tight-oil, shale gas blocks in China. The fracturing and producing effects of tight oil improved and the commercial development for shale gas was realized.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42430503 and 42271048)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.D2025205003)the Science Foundation of Hebei Normal University(No.L2025B31)。
文摘Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are crucial for tree growth and survival under climatic stress,yet their spatial dynamics across broad climate gradients remain unclear.Pines(Pinus spp.),one of the most widely distributed tree genera worldwide,provide an ideal system for investigating large-scale spatial patterns of NSC within a single genus along extensive climatic gradients.Here,we compiled a global NSC database for pines across 74 sites,and assessed the spatial variation in total NSC,starch(St),and soluble sugars(SS)concentrations in stem sapwood,the primary reserve tissue,along site-specific mean annual temperature(MAT)and precipitation(MAP).Our results show that MAP exerted a stronger influence(R^(2)=20%–47%)on the spatial variation in total NSC and its components than did MAT(R^(2)=6%–16%).Tota concentrations declined nonlinearly with increasing MAP,with the rate of decline slowing beyond approximately 800 mm.While MAT had weaker effects on total NSC concentrations,both MAT and MAP jointly regulated NSC partitioning:Higher MAT and MAP were associated with reduced St concentrations but elevated SS concentrations and SS:St ratios.These findings suggest that pine species in cold and arid environments prioritize storing NSC as St,whereas in relatively warm and humid environments,NSC are preferentially mobilized into SS to support immediate metabolic and growth demands.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2022YFE0209400).
文摘In a pivotal moment for global conservation policy,UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere(MAB)Programme has endorsed the Hangzhou Strategic Action Plan(HSAP)2026–2035(UNESCO,2025),a decade-long roadmap that positions the World Network of Biosphere Reserves(WNBR)as central actors in delivering biodiversity,climate and sustainable-development goals(SDGs).The plan—developed and opened for global consultation in the runup to the 5th World Congress of Biosphere Reserves—articulates strategic directions,measurable action targets and practical instruments to strengthen biosphere reserves as living laboratories for people and nature(Ma,2025).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42225604,31500456,31430080)the 2023 Strategic Consultation Project of the Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere,the National Key Programme of Research and Development of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFF1301603)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23040403).
文摘The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)is distributed in the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,as well as in Dongting and Poyang lakes.Currently,the most crucial conservation approach involves the establishment and management of both in-situ and ex-situ nature reserves.Since the 1990s,seven nature reserves have been established in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,covering nearly one-third of its main stream.Additionally,two nature reserves,one in the Dongting Lake and another in the Poyang Lake,have been set up;and three ex-situ nature reserves have been established in three oxbows respectively in Hunan,Hubei,and Anhui provinces.Through measures such as improving the ecological environment quality within the reserves,regulating human activities,and conducting continuous monitoring,the finless porpoise population showed a slight increase in 2022 for the first time.The ex-situ population has continued to grow,with four individuals being released back into the main stream of the Yangtze River after undergoing reintroduction training in 2023.Based on the population development lasting for over three decades,and predictions of future ecological changes,orderly establishment and scientific management of nature reserves have played a key role in and will remain an important basis for the sustaining growth of the finless porpoise population.
基金Supported by Youth Foundation of Chengdu University of Technology(2008QJ09)~~
文摘Ecotourism is a significant approach for the protective development of nature reserves. Through analyzing the necessity of developing ecotourism, learning from the successful ecotourism development cases of nature reserves in China and abroad, the authors proposed a new Nature Reserve Protective Tourism Exploring Mode (NRPTEM) with the integration of "protection, development and management", such a mode contains 3 systems (protection, development and management), 12 projects (biodiversity protection, geological remains protection, protection of human ecology, environment monitoring, scientific planning, product development, market expansion, facility construction, capacity building, community co-management, environment education and management innovation) as well as human (a critical structural factor). The relationship between these items in the complicated process of ecotourism development of nature reserves was elaborated, and the dominant role of human factors in the 3 systems was also put forward.
基金supported by the Scientific and Research Innovation Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission
文摘Purpose: Fully integrating its e-reserves service into the university's course management system has become the primary design goal of the innovative e-reserves service system at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU) Library.Design/methodology/approach: Through blending library and information service into the teaching and learning process, SJTU Library has effectively combined its reserves service into the user learning environment. The main metadata model and the design of various interfaces of the e-reserves service system are introduced.Findings: E-reserves has been integrated into the course management system. Users can directly access relevant resources when they browse the customized course page. It is more convenient for teachers to add reserves items, and the added items can be made available simultaneously on SJTU Library's resource discovery platform automatically.Research limitations: At present, e-reserves items are mainly books, and more other types of reserves materials are needed to be provided. Some relevant copyright issues should be addressed.Practical implications: Using a series of interface interactions, the e-reserves service has been integrated into the university's course management system. It is convenient for students to access customized e-reserves service during their learning process.Originality/value: We achieved interconnection between the e-reserves and the university's course management system. Information on the e-reserves Web page is automatically updated.SJTU Library provides customized e-reserves service in the course management system.
基金financially suppored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51904339,51974364)the Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources,China (No.2018TP1002)the Co-innovation Centre for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources,China。
文摘Tungsten is a strategic metal that is widely used in various fields such as electron communication,aeronautics and astronautics,materials and chemical engineering,due to its special properties.China has the largest reserves of tungsten resources and the largest output of tungsten concentrate in the world,and plays a decisive role in the world tungsten market.In this work,firstly,the reserves and distribution characteristics of tungsten resources in China were summarized,and the production situation of tungsten concentrate in China was reviewed.Based on the gross domestic product per capita(GDP/capita),five different annual GDP growth rates were used to estimate China’s tungsten concentrate production in the future.The estimation results suggested that if China’s economy continues to grow at the current rate,the accumulative production of tungsten concentrate will exceed current reserves by approximately 2032.Then,from the aspects of process flow,beneficiation equipment and flotation reagents,the beneficiation technology development of different types of tungsten ore in China was also reviewed,including wolframite,scheelite and tungsten-bearing slime.Finally,taking several representative tungsten mines in China as examples,the classic beneficiation technology of different types of tungsten ores was elucidated in detail.Meanwhile,the development direction of tungsten beneficiation technology in the future was put forward,which was of great significance to maintain the superiority of tungsten resources in China.
文摘Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871162)
文摘With the rapid development of population and urbanization and the progress of lighting technology, the influence of artificial light sources has increased.In this context, the problem of light pollution has attracted wide attention.Previous studies have revealed that light pollution can affect biological living environments, human physical and mental health, astronomical observations and many other aspects.Therefore, organizations internationally have begun to advocate for measures to prevent light pollution, many of which are recognized by the International Dark-Sky Association(IDA).In addition to improving public awareness, legal protections, technical treatments and other means, the construction of Dark Sky Reserves(DSR) has proven to be an effective preventive measure.So far, as a pioneer practice in this field, the IDA has identified 11 DSRs worldwide.Based on the DA requirements for DSRs, this paper utilizes NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and other multi-source spatial data to analyze possible DSR sites in China.The land of China was divided into more than ten thousand 30 km × 30 km fishnets, and constraint and suitable conditions were designated, respectively, as light and cloud conditions, and scale, traffic and attractiveness conditions.Using a multiple criteria evaluation, 1443 fishnets were finally selected as most suitable sites for the construction of DSRs.Results found that less than 25% of China is not subject to light pollution, and less than 13% is suitable for DSR construction, primarily in western and northern areas, including Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB03030500National Key Technology Research and Development Program,No.2013BAC04B02+1 种基金Key Foundation Project of Basic Work of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2012FY111400National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41171080,No.41201095
文摘Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method(LSCM).To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment,the alpine grassland net primary production(NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP,the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau.(2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected,the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant,whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan.With the exception of Selincuo,the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert.(3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples:(a) After the establishment of the nature reserves,the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves.(b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun,Changshagongma,Zoige and Selincuo(Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively sig-nificant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves,whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious.(c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow,but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe.This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change.Careful design of the samples used,to ensure comparability between the samples,is crucial to the success of this LSCM.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071255)。
文摘National nature reserves are an important part of classification management on ecological protection in China. Taking the national nature reserves of Jilin Province as examples, this paper introduced the stability index by referring to the intensity model of landuse and land-cover change(LUCC), and analyzed the overall stability of land-use and land-cover(LULC) in the study area from the time interval level and land category level. The stability of LULC in different types of nature reserves was tracked and identified by extracting land-use change trajectory, and the land-use change trajectory was divided into three types: stable type, sub-stable type and unstable type. The impact of LUCC on regional ecosystem services was studied by using hotspot analysis and gravity center analysis. The results showed that: 1) The LULC in the study area was stable on the whole, and the proportion of stable land area reached 86.08%. The intensity of LUCC showed an increasing trend in recent 20 years, and the conversion of cultivated land and construction land was active in continuous time interval. 2) The stability of LULC in forest ecological reserves and wildlife reserves in the eastern part of Jilin Province was the highest, while that in inland wetland reserves and geological relic reserves in the central and western part of Jilin Province was lower.3) The LUCC in national nature reserves not only changed the value of its own ecosystem service function, but also affected the ecosystem service function of the whole region. The combination of intensity analysis and land-use change trajectory was used to identify the characteristics of stability of LULC in nature reserves, which was conducive to deeply understand the process of LUCC in national nature reserves and provided reasonable suggestions for regional ecological protection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40271103
文摘The construction of nature reserves in China is reviewed in this paper, mainly including the number, type, administration and distribution of nature reserves, the progress in research on biodiversity, evaluation, management, sustainable development of nature reserves in China is summarized briefly, and some development tendencies of research on nature reserves are put forward.
文摘Analyzes on solid potassium mineral reserves calculation methods and existing problems of chaerhan salt lake,t with many parameters comparison solid potassium mineral reserves calculation results are reliable,the
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971853)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300209)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan,China(20JCQN0155)。
文摘Excessive rainfall provides a favorable condition for field mold infection of plants, which triggers field mold(FM) stress. If FM stress occurs during the late maturation stage of soybean seed, it negatively affects seed yield and quality. To investigate the responses of soybean seed against FM stress and identify the underlying biochemical pathways involved, a greenhouse was equipped with an artificial rain producing system to allow the induction of mold growth on soybean seed. The induced quality changes and stress responses were revealed on the levels of both transcriptome and metabolome. The results showed that soybean seeds produced under FM stress conditions had an abnormal and inferior appearance, and also contained less storage reserves, such as protein and polysaccharide. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that genes involved in amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid, β-oxidation of fatty acids, and isoflavone biosynthesis were induced by FM stress. These results were supported by a multiple metabolic analysis which exhibited increases in the concentrations of a variety of amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and isoflavones, as well as reductions of several fatty acids. Reprogramming of these metabolic pathways mobilized and consumed stored protein, sugar and fatty acid reserves in the soybean seed in order to meet the energy and substrate demand on the defense system, but led to deterioration of seed quality. In general, FM stress induced catabolism of storage reserves and diminished the quality of soybean seed in the field. This study provides a more profound insight into seed deterioration caused by FM stress.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program,No.2017YFC0506404The Key Programs for Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC005The National Science&Technology Pillar Program,No.2013BAC03B00
文摘Until 2015,China had established 2740 nature reserves with a total area of 1.47million km^2,covering 14.8%of China’s terrestrial land surface.Based on remote sensing inversion,ecological model simulation and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of fractional vegetation coverage(FVC),net primary production(NPP),and human disturbance(HD)in habitats of typical national nature reserves(NNRs)during the first 15 years of the 21st century from 2000 to 2015.And then the three indicators were compared between different NNR types and varied climate zones.The results showed that(1)the average 5-year FVC of NNRs increased from 36.3%to 37.1%,and it improved in all types of NNRs to some extent.The annual average FVC increased by 0.11%,0.84%,0.21%,0.09%,0.11%and 0.08%in NNRs of forest ecosystem,plain meadow,inland wetland,desert ecosystem,wild animal and wild plant,respectively.(2)The NPP annually increased by 2.06 g·m^(-2),1.23 g·m^(-2),0.28 g·m^(-2)and 0.4 g·m^(-2)in NNRs of plain meadow,inland wetland,desert ecosystem and wild animal,respectively.However,it decreased by 3.45 g·m^(-2)and2.35 g·m^(-2)in NNRs of forest ecosystem and wild plant respectively.(3)In the past 15 years,besides the slight decreases in the NNRs located at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the south subtropical zone,HD enhanced in most of NNRs,especially HD in the warm temperate humid zone increased from 4.7%to 5.35%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41571098,No.41530749Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA19040304+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC1502903,No.2018YFC1508805Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.ZDRW-ZS-2016-6-4-4
文摘Mapping the human footprint(HF)makes it possible to quantify human influence,which has had an unprecedented impact on the global ecosystem.Using five categories of human pressure data,this study mapped the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region and assessed the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts.The results showed that the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region was generally higher in the south and lower in the north.The HF increased by 11.24%over the past 25 years,with faster growth in the southeast.The HF growth rate in nature reserves was much lower than that across the region,which indicated that nature reserves played an important role in reducing the impact of human pressure.A study of Baimaxueshan nature reserve found that establishing nature reserves could effectively reduce the impact of human activities,and no"leakage"occurred.Population growth was an important reason for the increased HF in nature reserves.The development of ecotourism in nature reserves must be based on ecological protection.Strengthening the long-term monitoring,evaluation,and management of nature reserves is a basic requirement for their long-term development.
文摘The approaches adopted so far in China to calculate reserves of ore deposits have largely been dependent on polygonal methods, including a cross-section method and a geological block method. However, for various reasons, especially, the complexity of the geology, and the ore bodies, the deposits became gradually known as development and exploitation took place. There is a certain difference between the prospecting and mining, which will have a great impact on both geological and cutoff grade at the stage of geological mine construction and production. As much accurate information as possible on the spatial distribution patterns of ore bodies and global reserves is essential to improve the production efficiency and reduce production cost. The 10-9 ore body of Lutangba in the Gejiu Tin Deposits was selected as our research object, using a log Kriging and an inverse distance weighing method. In our paper the results are compared with the reserves calculated by the polygonal block method. The global estimate and estimation errors associated with each estimation method are discussed.
文摘A study was conducted to estimate the forest cover change, quantify and map tree above-ground carbon stock using Remote sensing and GIS techniques together with forest inventory. Landsat images of 1980, 1995 and 2010 acquired during dry season were used in the estimation of cover changes. Supervised image classification using Maximum Likeli-hood Classifier was performed in ERDAS Imagine software to analyze the images and further analysis was performed in Arc GIS 9.3 software. Stratified sampling procedure was used to select concentric inventory plots in Pugu Forest Reserve (PFR) and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve (KFR). Plots were laid according to NAFORMA, and the tree parameters in each sampling plot were collected. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to compute the above-ground bio- mass for each plot using an empirical equation relating wood basic density and tree height. The above-ground carbon was calculated using a conversion factor of 0.49. Geostatistical method in ArcGIS was used to analyze and map carbon. Results revealed that for the periods 1980-1995 and 1995-2010, Closed Forest in PFR decreased by 4.5% and 25.3% respectively, while for KFR, Closed Forest decreased by 11.9% and 31.3% respectively. The mean carbon density for PFR and KFR were respectively 5.72 tC/ha and 0.98 tC/ha while carbon stocks were 14 730.41 tC and 7 206.46 tC re- spectively. The revealed low carbon densities were attributable to decline in area under Closed Forest in the two Forest Reserves. The study recommends concerted efforts to enhance proper management of the forests so that the two forest reserves may contribute to REDD initiatives.
基金jointly funded by the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (No.2013K0011)the State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Sea area Management Technology Fund (No.201711)+2 种基金the Guangdong MEPP Fund (No.GDOE [2019]A46)the GDNRC (No.[2020]067)the South China Sea Branch Secretary fund (No.1673)。
文摘The concentrations of five metals(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg) were measured in sediments obtained before and after the establishment of Techeng Island Special Marine Reserves(TCISMR) in Zhanjiang Bay to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals. The results showed that average values of potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals at all stations increased slightly from 32.09 to 30.54 after establishment of TCISMR. Optimal semivariance simulation showed that the contents of five heavy metals have strong spatial correlations in August 2010(before), while this correlations weakened in April 2013(after establishment of TCISMR), suggesting that the main sources of heavy metals changed. The Hakanson Risk Index(HRI) values in Donghai levee, central and southern parts of Zhanjiang harbor were high up to 60.13 and 46.46, respectively. And Zhanjiang Bay Channel, the areas around special marine reserves, the artificial reef areas and mangrove areas at south of Techeng Island are the areas with low ecological risk and high ecological value, which should be treated as the prior ecological protection areas. Our study provided a priority control pattern of heavy metal pollution in TCISMR, which greatly benefits the sustainable development and resource protection in Zhanjiang Bay.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05046-004,2016ZX05023-005)
文摘To solve the problems facing the economic development of unconventional oil and gas, a new concept and corresponding technology system of reservoir stimulation based on "fracture-controlled reserves" are put forward. The "fracture-controlled reserves" stimulation technology is to realize the three-dimensional producing and economic and efficient development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources by forming a fracture system that well matches "sweet spots" and "non-sweet spots". The technical route of the stimulation technology is "three optimizations and controls", that is, control the scope of sand body through optimizing well spacing, control the recoverable reserves through optimizing fracture system, and control the single well production reduction through optimizing energy complement method. The "fracture-controlled reserves" stimulation emphasizes the maximization of the initial stimulation coefficient, the integration of energy replenishment, stimulation and production, and prolonging the re-fracturing cycle or avoiding re-fracturing. It aims at realizing the three-dimensional full producing and efficient development of reservoir in vertical and horizontal directions and achieving the large-scale, sustainable and high profitable development of unconventional oil and gas resources. The stimulation technology was used to perform 20 pilot projects in five typical tight-oil, shale gas blocks in China. The fracturing and producing effects of tight oil improved and the commercial development for shale gas was realized.
